Questions 1-10

line
(5)

(10)

(15)

(20)

The final battle of the War of 1812 was the battle of New Orleans. This battle gave a clear
demonstration of the need for effective communication during wartime. It also showed the disastrous
results that can come to pass when communication is inadequate.
The war of 1812 was fought between Great Britain and the very young country of the United
States only a relatively few years after the United States had won its independence from Britain. The
United States had declared war against Britain in June of 1812, mostly because of interference with
U.S. shipping by the British and because of the shanghaiing of U.S. sailors for enforced service on
British vessels. The war lasted for a little more than two years, when a peace treaty was signed at
Ghent, in Belgium, on the 24th of December, 1814.
Unfortunately, the news that Treaty of Ghent has been signed and that the war was officially over
was not communicated in a timely manner over the wide distance to where the war was being
contested. Negotiations for the treaty and the actual signing of the treaty took place in Europe, and
news of the treaty had to be carried across the Atlantic to the war front by ship. A totally unnecessary
loss of life was incurred as a result of the amount of time that it took to inform the combatants of the
treaty.
Early in January of 1815, some two weeks after the peace treaty had been signed, British troops
in the southern part of the United States were unaware that the war had officially ended. Over 5,000
British troops attacked U.S. troops. During the ensuing battle, known as the Battle of New Orleans,
the British suffered a huge number of casualties, around 2,000, and the Americans lost 71, all in a
battle fought only because news of the peace treaty that had already been signed in Ghent had not yet
reached the battlefield.

1. The main idea of this passage is that

(A)

the war of independence was

unnecessary
(B) the war of 1812 was unnecessary
(C) the Treaty of Ghent was unnecessary
(D) The Battle of New Orleans was
unnecessary

4. According to the passage, when did the

United States win its independence from
Britain?
(A) Shortly before the War of 1812
(B) During the War of 1812
(C) Just after the War of 1812
(D) Long after the War of 1812

2. The pronoun it in line 2 refers to

(A) battle
(B) demonstration
(C) communication
(D) wartime
3. The expression come to pass in line 3
could best be replaced by
(A) happen
(B) overthrow
(C) self-destruct
(D) circumvent

5. According to the passage, some U.S. sailors

were
(A) taken forcibly to Shanghai
(B) made to go to Ghent
(C) forced to work on British ships
(D) responsible for causing the War of
1812
6. It is NOT stated in the passage that Ghent
was
(A) where negotiation took place
(B) the site of the final battle
(C) where the treaty was signed
(D) far from the battlefield

7. The word contested in line 12 is closest in

meaning to
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

played
fought
discussed
examined

8. It can be determined from the passage that,

of the following dates, the Battle of New
Orleans was most probably fought
(A) on December 10, 1814
(B) on December 24, 1814
(C) on January 1, 1815
(D) on January 8, 1815

9. Where is the passage does the author

indicate when the war of 1812 officially
ended?
(A) Lines 1-3
(B) Lines 4-5
(C) Lines 8-9
(D) Lines 10-12
10. Which paragraph describes the battle that
took place after the signing of the treaty?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

The first paragraph

The second paragraph
The third paragraph
The last paragraph

Questions 11-21

line
(5)

(10)

(15)

(20)

In the American colonies there was little money. England did not supply the colonies with coins
and it did not allow the colonies to make their own coins, except for the Massachusetts Bay Colony,
which received permission for a short period in 1652 to make several kinds of silver coins. England
wanted to keep money out of America as a means of controlling trade; America was forced to trade
only with England if it did not have the money to buy products from other countries. The result during
this pre-Revolutionary period was that the colonists used various goods in place of money: beaver
pelts, Indian wampum, and tobacco leaves were all commonly used substitutes for money. The
colonists also made use of any foreign coins they could obtain. Dutch, Spanish, French, and English
coins were all in use in the American colonies.
During the Revolutionary War, funds were needed to finance the war, so each of the individual
states and the Continental Congress issued paper money. So much of this paper money was printed
that by the end of the war, almost no one would accept it. As a result trade in goods and the use of
foreign coins still flourished during this period.
By the time the Revolutionary War had been won by the American colonists, the monetary
system was in a state of total disarray. To remedy this situation, the new Constitution of the United
States, approved in 1789, allowed Congress to issue money. The individual states could no longer have
their own money supply. A few years later, the Coinage Act of 1792 made the dollar the official
currency of the United States and put the country on a bimetallic standard. In this bimetallic system,
both gold and silver were legal money, and the rate of exchange of silver to gold was fixed by the
government at sixteen to one.

11. The passage mainly discusses

(A) American money from past to present
(B) the English monetary policies in
colonial America
(C) the American monetary system of the
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
(D) the effect of the Revolution on
American money
12. The passage indicates that during the
colonial period, money was
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

supplied by England
scarce
coined by the colonists
used extensively for trade

13. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was

allowed to make coins

(D)

from 1652 until the Revolutionary

War

14. The expression a means of in line 4 could

best be replaced by
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

a method for
an example of
a result of
a punishment for

15. Which of the following is NOT mentioned

in the passage as a substitute for money
during the colonial period?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

Cotton
Wampum
Tobacco
Beaver furs

16. The pronoun it in line 12

(A) continuously from the inception of the
colony
(B) throughout the seventeenth century
(C) for a short time during one year

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

Paper money
The Continental Congress
The war
Trade in good

17. It is implied in the passage that at the end of

the Revolutionary War, a paper dollar was
worth
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

exactly one dollar

just under one dollar
almost nothing
just over one dollar

18. The word remedy in the line 15 is closest

in meaning to
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

20. According to the passage, which of the

following is NOT true about the bimetallic
monetary system?
(A) Gold could be exchanged for silver at
a rate of sixteen to one.
(B) Either gold or silver could be used as
official money.
(C) The monetary system was based on
two metals.
(D) It was established in 1792.

medicate
understand
renew
resolve

19. How was the monetary system arranged in

the Constitution?
(A) The dollar was made the official
currency of the United States.
(B) The United States officially went on a
bimetallic monetary system.
(C) Various state governments, including
Massachusetts, could issue money
(D) Only the United States Congress could
issue money.
Question 21-30

line
(5)

(10)

(15)

A rather surprising geographical feature of Antarctica is that a huge freshwater lake, one of the
worlds largest and deepest, lies hidden there under four kilometers of ice. Now known as Lake
Vostok, this huge body of water is located under the ice block that comprises Antarctica. The lake is
able to exist in its unfrozen state beneath this block of ice because its waters are warmed by
geothermal heat from the earths core. The thick glacier above lake Vostok actually insulates it from
the frigid temperatures (the lowest ever recorded on Earth) on the surface.
The lake was first discovered in the 1970s while a research team was conducting an aerial survey
of the area. Radio waves form the survey equipment penetrated the ice and revealed a body of water of
indeterminate size. It was not until much more recently that data collected by satellite made by
scientists aware of the tremendous size of the lake; the satellite-borne radar detected an extremely flat
region where the ice remains level because it is floating on the water of the lake.
The discovery of such a huge freshwater lake trapped under Antarctica is of interest to the
scientific community because of the potential that the lake contains ancient microbes that have
survived for thousands upon thousands of years, unaffected by factors such as nuclear fallout, and
elevated ultraviolet light that have affected organisms in more exposed area. The downside of the
discovery, however, lies in the difficulty of conducting research on the lake in such a harsh climate and
in the problems associated with obtaining uncontaminated samples from the lake without actually
exposing the lake to contamination. Scientists are looking for possible ways to accomplish this.

21. The purpose of the passage is to

(A) explain how lake Vostok was
discovered
(B) provide satellite data concerning
Antarctica
(C) present an unexpected aspect of
Antarcticas geography
(D) discuss future plans for lake Vostok
22. The word lies in line 2 could best be
replaced by
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

sits
sleeps
tells falsehoods
inclines

23. What is true of Lake Vostok?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

It is completely frozen.
It is beneath a thick slab of ice
.It is not a saltwater lake.
It is heated by the sun.

27. The word microbes in line 13 could best

be replaced by which of the following
(A) Pieces of dust
(B) Tiny organisms
(C) Trapped bubbles
(D) Ray of light
28. The passage mentions which of the
following as a reason for the importance of
Lake Vostok to scientists?
(A) It may contain uncontaminated
microbes.
(B) It can be studied using radio waves.
(C) It may have elevated levels of
ultraviolet light.
(D) It has already been contaminated.
29. The word downside in line 15 is closest in
meaning to
(A) negative aspect
(B) bottom level
(C) underside
(D) buried section

24. Which of the following is closest in

meaning to frigid in line 6
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

Rarely recorded
Never changing
Quite harsh
Extremely cold

25. All of the following are true about the 1970

survey of Antarctica EXCEPT that it
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

was conducted by air

made use of radio waves
was controlled by a satellite
did not measure the exact size of the
lake

26. It can be inferred from the passage that the

ice would not be flat if
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

radio aves were not used

the lake were not so big
Antarctica were not so cold
there were no lake

30. The paragraph following the passage most

probably discusses
(A) further discoveries on the surface of
Antarctica
(B) ways to study Lake Vostok without
contaminating it
(C) problems with satellite-borne radar
equipment
(D) the harsh climate of Antarctica

Questions 31-40

line
(5)

(10)

(15)

(20)

The final battle of the War of 1812 was the battle of New Orleans. This battle gave a clear
demonstration of the need for effective communication during wartime. It also showed the disastrous
results that can come to pass when communication is inadequate.
The war of 1812 was fought between Great Britain and the very young country of the United
States only a relatively few years after the United States had won its independence from Britain. The
United States had declared war against Britain in June of 1812, mostly because of interference with
U.S. shipping by the British and because of the shanghaiing of U.S. sailors for enforced service on
British vessels. The war lasted for a little more than two years, when a peace treaty was signed at
Ghent, in Belgium, on the 24th of December, 1814.
Unfortunately, the news that Treaty of Ghent has been signed and that the war was officially over
was not communicated in a timely manner over the wide distance to where the war was being
contested. Negotiations for the treaty and the actual signing of the treaty took place in Europe, and
news of the treaty had to be carried across the Atlantic to the war front by ship. A totally unnecessary
loss of life was incurred as a result of the amount of time that it took to inform the combatants of the
treaty.
Early in January of 1815, some two weeks after the peace treaty had been signed, British troops
in the southern part of the United States were unaware that the war had officially ended. Over 5,000
British troops attacked U.S. troops. During the ensuing battle, known as the Battle of New Orleans,
the British suffered a huge number of casualties, around 2,000, and the Americans lost 71, all in a
battle fought only because news of the peace treaty that had already been signed in Ghent had not yet
reached the battlefield.

31. The main idea of this passage is that

(A)

the war of independence was

unnecessary
(B) the war of 1812 was unnecessary
(C) the Treaty of Ghent was unnecessary
(D) The Battle of New Orleans was
unnecessary
32. The pronoun it in line 2 refers to
(A) battle
(B) demonstration
(C) communication
(D) wartime
33. The expression come to pass in line 3
could best be replaced by
(A) happen
(B) overthrow
(C) self-destruct
(D) circumvent

34. According to the passage, when did the

United States win its independence from
Britain?
(A) Shortly before the War of 1812
(B) During the War of 1812
(C) Just after the War of 1812
(D) Long after the War of 1812
35. According to the passage, some U.S. sailors
were
(A) taken forcibly to Shanghai
(B) made to go to Ghent
(C) forced to work on British ships
(D) responsible for causing the War of
1812

36. It is NOT stated in the passage that Ghent

was
(A) where negotiation took place
(B) the site of the final battle
(C) where the treaty was signed
(D) far from the battlefield
37. The word contested in line 12 is closest in
meaning to
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

played
fought
discussed
examined

38. It can be determined from the passage that,

of the following dates, the Battle of New
Orleans was most probably fought
(A) on December 10, 1814
(B) on December 24, 1814
(C) on January 1, 1815
(D) on January 8, 1815

39. Where is the passage does the author

indicate when the war of 1812 officially
ended?
(A) Lines 1-3
(B) Lines 4-5
(C) Lines 8-9
(D) Lines 10-12
40. Which paragraph describes the battle that
took place after the signing of the treaty?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

The first paragraph

The second paragraph
The third paragraph
The last paragraph

Questions 41-50

line
(5)

(10)

(15)

(20)

(25)

It is often the case with folktales that they develop from actual happenings but in their
development lose much of their factual base; the story of Pocahontas quite possibly fits into this
category of folktale. This princess of the Powhatan tribe was firmly established in the lore of early
America and has been made even more famous by the Disney film based on the folktale that arose
from her life. She was a real-life person, but the actual story of her life most probably different
considerably from the folktale and the movie based on the folktale.
Powhatan, the chief of a confederacy of tribes in Virginia, had several daughters, none of whom
was actually named Pocahontas. The nickname means playful one, and several of Powhatans
daughters were called Pocahontas. The daughter of Powhatan who became the subject of the folktale
was named Matoaka. What has been verified about Matoaka, or Pocahontas as she has come to be
known, is that she did marry an Englishman and that she did spend time in England before she died
there at a young age. In the spring of 1613, a young Pocahontas was captured by the English and
taken into Jamestown. There she was treated with courtesy as the daughter of chief Powhatan. While
Pocahontas was at Jamestown, English gentlemen John Rolfe fell in love with her and asked her to
marry. Both the governor of the Jamestown colony and Pocahontass father Powhatan approved the
marriage as a means of securing peace between Powhatans tribe and the English at Jamestown. In
1616, Pocahontas accompanied her new husband to England, where she was royally received.
Shortly before her planned return to Virginia in 1617, she contracted an illness and died rather
suddenly.
A major part of the folktale of Pocahontas that is unverified concerns her love for English
Captain John Smith is the period of time before her capture by the British and her rescue of him
from almost certain death. Captain John Smith was indeed at the colony of Jamestown and was
acquainted with Powhatan and his daughters, he even described meeting them in 1612 journal.
However, the story of his rescue by the young maiden did not appear in his writing until 1624, well
after Pocahontas had aroused widespread interest in England by her marriage to an English
gentlemen and her visit to England. It is the discrepancy in dates that has caused some historians to
doubt the veracity of the tale. However, other historians do argue quite persuasively that this incident
did truly take place.

41. The main idea of the passage is that

(A) folktales are often not very factual
(B) Pocahontas did not really exist
(C) any one of Powhatans daughter could
have been the Pocahontas of legend
(D) Pocahontas fell in love with John
Smith and saved his life.
42. The expression arose from in line 4 is
closest in meaning to
(A) developed from
(B) went up with
(C) was told during
(D) climbed to

43. What is true about the name Pocahontas,

according to the passage
(A)

It was the real name of a girl named

Matoaka.
(B) It meant that someone was playful.
(C) Only one girl was known to have used
this name.
(D) Powhatan was one of several people
to be given this nickname.
44. How was Pocahontas treated when she was
held at Jamestown
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

With respect
With disdain
With surprise
With harshness

45. It can be inferred from the passage that

Pocahontas
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

never intended to return to Virginia

had a long marriage
suffered from a long illness
did not mean to remain in England

46. The pronoun indeed in line 22 is closest

in meaning to
(A) therefore
(B) in fact
(C) unexpectedly
(D) in contrast

49. Why are some historians doubtful about the

portion of the Pocahontas folktale dealing
with John Smith?
(A)

Captain John Smith probably never

knew Pocahontas.
(B) Captain John Smith was never
actually in Jamestown.
(C) His rescue purportedly happened
while Pocahontas was in England.
(D) His account of the rescue did not
appear until well after the event
supposedly happened.
50. The word veracity in line 26 is closest in
meaning to

47. The pronoun he in line 23 refers to

(A) the governor
(B) Pocahontas
(C) John Smith
(D) Powhatan
48. When did John Smith most likely meet
Pocahontas?
(A) In 1612
(B) In 1613
(C) In 1616
(D) In 1624

(A) timing
(B) location
(C) understanding
(D) accuracy