Alarm Trips
Alarm Trips
Alarm Trips
June 2006
Hard-Wired Alarm
Trip Alarm
On/Off Controller
Limit Switch
Trip Amplifier or Trip Amp
Range Alarm
Safety Shutdown
Level Controller
Safety Interlock
Redundant Shutdown
Temperature, Voltage or Current Alarm
High/Low Controller
High Integrity Switch
Emergency Shutdown
Current or Temperature Switch
Sensor Failure Monitor
Comparator
Temperature Averaging Alarm
Supervisory Alarm
Differential Alarm
Rate-of-Change Alarm
Shutdown Alarm
Failsafe Alarm
Fault Monitor
Failsafe Shutdown
Window Alarm
Page 1
24V
+PS
2-WIRE
TRANSMITTER
DCS
OR
PLC
4-20mA Loop
PS
+IN
+IN
250 ohm
Resistor
1-5V
"HARD"
LIMIT
ALARM
TRIP
IN
Emergency
Shutdown
EMERGENCY
SHUTDOWN
SYSTEM,
(ESD)
Figure 4. Multiple relay outputs allow one limit alarm trip to monitor
combinations of high, low and input fault conditions.
Annunciator
Limit Alarm
Trip
Figure 3. Dual high/low limit alarm trip with deadband to reduce relay
chatter.
DUAL HIGH/LOW ALARM TRIP
READY INPUT
Process
Signal
Input
TRIP 1
MA
COM
UP
DOWN SELECT
Emergency Shutdown
Warning #3
Warning #2
Warning #1
Rate-of-Change Alarm
Used to detect changes in the measured value in units
per minute or second, a rate of change alarm monitors an
input for a change in value with respect to time (Figure 6).
The alarm is set to trip when the input rate-of-change
exceeds a user-selected rate (Delta) over a user-selected
time period (Delta Time).
T
> limit
t
T
t
Window Alarm
The Window Alarm is activated when the process variable
is outside of the low/high trip point ranges (Figure 8).
Figure 8. Window Alarm.
WINDOW ALARM
Alarm State
Non-Alarm State
Self-Diagnostic Alarm
Some limit alarm trips continuously monitor their own
status during operation, and trip if they are not operating
properly.
Reset
Process Input Signal
Reset
NO
FORM A
ON/OFF CONTROLLER
ON Trip Point
Deadband
Reset
OFF Trip
Point
NC
C
Relay ON
Relay OFF
NO
FORM C
NC
C
NO
NC
C
NO
2 X FORM C
ALARM OUTPUT
Relay
De-energized
Deadband
POWER
FAILURE!
NO
Relay
Energized
120V
HOT
Light
C
NC
Trip
Point
Deadband
POWER
FAILURE!
Relay
De-energized
Relay
De-energized
NO
Reset
Point
120V
HOT
C
NC
N
E
U
T
R
A
L
Light
N
E
U
T
R
A
L
Time Delay
In many applications, a momentary over-range signal may
not warrant an alarm trip. Some alarm trips can be set
with an alarm response time delay that stops the alarm
from going into an alarm condition unless the trip point
has been exceeded for a specific time period (Figure 18).
This can be used to stop false or premature alarms.
Figure 18. Alarm Time Delay Stops False or Premature Alarms.
ADJUSTABLE DEADBAND
Trip
Point
Reset
Point
Trip
Point
Deadband
Reset
Point
Deadband
Exceeds
5 Seconds
Above Trip
Point
5 Second Intervals
Transmitter Excitation
Latching vs. Non-Latching Alarms
A latching alarm is one where the relay cannot
automatically reset. Once the relay trips, it remains in
the alarm condition until an operator manually resets the
relay (usually through a push button). Latching alarms
are most commonly employed when you want to force
an operator to acknowledge the alarm condition.
Contact Ratings and Precautions
The contact rating of relays used in alarm trips range from
one to 10 amps. A typical annunciator requires only a
one amp relay, while an electrical motor commonly
requires a five amp relay. For an alarm trip to control a
higher amperage device, such as a pump, an interposing
relay can be used. To avoid needlessly damaging relays,
two precautions must be taken. First, never operate a
contact higher than its rating, even if it is momentarily.
The rating of the alarms trips relay should meet or
exceed the device it controls to insure reliable operations.
Second, consider the implication of the loads behavior.
Capacitive loads create inrush current at the startup,
which can damage a relay contact, while the arcing
created by an inductive load can vaporize a relay contact.
Motor loads can have inrush currents five to six times
normal run current.
24Vdc Loop
Power
24V
2-Wire
Transmitter
Limit
Alarm
Trip
+IN
Trip 1A
Trip 1B
Trip 3A
Trip 3B
Trip 2A
Trip 2B
Voting Logic Circuit
(in power-off condition)
120V Hot
120V Neutral
1A 2A
1B 3A
2B 3B
Flame Out
Circuit
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2006 8
Moore Industries-International, Inc.
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