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ISSN: 2471-2698

Trivedi et al., Pharm Anal Chem Open Access 2015, 1:1

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2471-2698.1000101

Research Article

Open Access

Characterization of Physical and Thermal Properties of Biofield Treated

Neopentyl Glycol
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi1, Rama Mohan Tallapragada1, Alice Branton1, Dahryn Trivedi1, Gopal Nayak1, Rakesh K. Mishra2 and Snehasis
Jana2*
1
2

Trivedi Global Inc., 10624 S Eastern Avenue Suite A-969, Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Hall-A, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Hoshangabad Rd., Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract
Neopentyl glycol (NPG) has been extensively used as solid-solid phase change materials (PCMs) for thermal
energy storage applications. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on
physical, spectral and thermal properties of NPG. The study was performed in two groups (control and treated). The
control group remained as untreated, and treatment group was subjected to Mr. Trivedis biofield treatment. The
control and treated NPG were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),
thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. XRD study revealed the
decrease in crystallite size of treated NPG by 21.97% as compared to control sample. DSC studies showed slight
change in melting temperature of treated NPG as compared to control sample. TGA analysis showed 55.66%
weight loss in control NPG however, the treated sample showed reduction in weight loss (44.81%). Additionally,
the maximum thermal decomposition temperature (Tmax) of treated NPG (160.40C) was minimally increased with
respect to control sample (159.72C). This can be inferred as good thermal stability of biofield treated NPG with
respect to control. FT-IR spectroscopy showed no structural changes in treated NPG with respect to control sample.
The overall results showed that biofield treatment has affected the physical and thermal properties of treated NPG.
Moreover, good thermal stability of treated NPG showed that it could be used as phase change materials for thermal
energy storage applications.

Keywords: Neopentyl glycol; X-ray diffraction; Differential scanning

calorimetry; Thermogravimetric analysis; Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy

Abbreviations
NPG: Neopentyl glycol; XRD: X-ray diffraction; DSC: Differential
scanning calorimetry; TGA: Thermo gravimetric analysis; DTA:
Differential thermal analysis; FT-IR: Fourier transform infrared;
PCMs: Phase Change Materials; LTHS: latent heat storage devices

Introduction
The global price rise of petroleum products and fossil fuel has led
scientists to design new strategies for thermal energy regeneration and
conservation. The latent heat storage devices (LTHS) prepared from
phase change materials (PCMs) are interesting choice for thermal
energy storage applications. The LTHS are widely used in several
applications such as condensation heat recovery, building energy
conservation, temperature regulating textiles and solar energy systems
[1-4]. Many compounds have been used recently for fabricating the
LTHS i.e., fatty acids, poly ethylene glycol (PEG), alcohols and mixture
of them. Several types of PCMs are available these days such as solid
liquid PCMs, solid-solid PCMs and liquid-gas PCMs [5,6].
Recently polyalcohols have gained significant attention as PCMs.
PEG is commonly used as solid liquid PCM owing to its excellent
properties such as, high latent heat of fusion, suitable melting point,
and being chemically inert and stable [7-9]. Feng et al. had prepared
polyethylene glycol/active carbon composites as shape stabilized PCMs
[10]. Similarly neopentyl glycol (NPG) was also investigated as potential
material for solid-solid PCMs [11]. Hence, by considering the phase
change property of NPG, authors decided to investigate the influence
of biofield treatment on its physical, spectral and thermal properties
which could be further utilized for thermal storage applications.

Pharm Anal Chem Open Access

ISSN: 2471-2698 PACO, an open access journal

It has been stated that energy exist in various forms such as kinetic,
potential, electrical, magnetic, nuclear etc. which have been generated
from different sources. Similarly, neurons which are present in
human brain have the ability to transmit the information in the form
of electrical signals [12-15]. Thus, human has the ability to harness
the energy from environment/Universe and can transmit into any
object (living or non-living) around the Globe. The object(s) always
receive the energy and responded into a useful manner that is called
biofield energy. This whole process is known as biofield treatment. Mr.
Trivedis biofield treatment (The Trivedi Effect) is known to transform
the characteristics of various living and nonliving things. The biofield
treatment has altered the physical and thermal properties in metals
[16-19], improved the growth and production of agriculture crops [2023] and significantly altered the phenotypic characteristics of various
pathogenic microbes [24-26]. Additionally, biofield treatment has
substantially altered the medicinal, growth and anatomical properties
of ashwagandha [27].
Based on excellent outcome from biofield treatment and phase
change property of NPG, the present work was undertaken to
investigate the impact of biofield on physical, spectroscopic and
thermal properties of NPG.
*Corresponding author: Snehasis Jana, Trivedi Science Research Laboratory
Pvt. Ltd., Hall-A, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Hoshangabad Rd.,
Bhopal-462 026, Madhya Pradesh, India, Tel: +91-755-6660006; E-mail:
publication@trivedisrl.com
Received August 20, 2015; Accepted September 14, 2015; Published September 21, 2015
Citation: Trivedi MK, Tallapragada RM, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, et al (2015)
Characterization of Physical and Thermal Properties of Biofield Treated Neopentyl
Glycol. Pharm Anal Chem Open Access 1: 101. doi:10.1012/2471-2698.1000101
Copyright: 2015 Trivedi MK, et al. This is an open-access article distributed
under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
original author and source are credited.

Volume 1 Issue 1 1000101

Citation: Trivedi MK, Tallapragada RM, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, et al (2015) Characterization of Physical and Thermal Properties of Biofield
Treated Neopentyl Glycol. Pharm Anal Chem Open Access 1: 101. doi:10.1012/2471-2698.1000101

Page 2 of 6

Materials and Methods

Neopentyl glycol was procured from S D Fine Chemicals Limited,
India. The sample was divided into two parts; one was kept as a
control sample, while the other was subjected to Mr. Trivedis biofield
treatment and coded as treated sample. The treatment group was in
sealed pack and handed over to Mr. Trivedi for biofield treatment under
laboratory condition. Mr. Trivedi provided the treatment through his
energy transmission process to the treated group without touching the
sample. The control and treated samples were characterized by XRD,
DSC, TGA and FT-IR techniques.

Characterization
X-ray diffraction (XRD) study: XRD analysis of control and
treated NPG was carried out on Phillips, Holland PW 1710 X-ray
diffractometer system, which had a copper anode with nickel filter.
The radiation of wavelength used by the XRD system was 1.54056 .
The data obtained from this XRD were in the form of a chart of 2 vs.
intensity and a detailed table containing peak intensity counts, d value
(), peak width (), relative intensity (%) etc. The crystallite size (G)
was calculated by using formula:
G=k/ (bCos)
Here, is the wavelength of radiation used, b is full width half
maximum (FWHM) of peaks and k is the equipment constant (k=0.94).
Percentage change in crystallite size was calculated using following
formula:
Percentage change in crystallite size=[(Gt-Gc)/Gc] 100
Where, Gc and Gt are crystallite size of control and treated powder
samples respectively.

NPG showed XRD peaks at 2 equals to 11.96, 16.22 and 18.42.

The result showed increase in intensity of treated NPG as compared
to control sample which may be correlated to increase in crystallinity
of the sample. It is hypothesized that biofield treatment may induced
long-range symmetrical pattern in the treated NPG as compared to
control that led to increase in crystallinity.
The crystallite size was calculated using Scherrer formula (crystallite
size=k/b cos ) and the result are presented in Figure 2. The control
NPG showed crystallite size 100.16 nm and that was decreased in treated
NPG (78.15 nm). The result showed 21.97% decrease in crystallite
size in treated NPG as compared to control sample. Mahmoud et al.
reported that lattice strain induced by mechanical milling may causes
significant reduction in crystallite size [28]. Hence, it is assumed here
that biofield treatment may generate internal strain in the treated
NPG molecules that caused decrease in crystallite size. Previously,
our research group reported that biofield treatment had substantially
reduced the crystallite size of vanadium pentoxide powders. It was
proposed that internal strains made dislocations to move on the slip
planes and intersecting slip planes built in stress concentration to such
an extent causing the crystal to fracture at the sub boundaries [16].
Based on this, it is assumed that lattice strain might cause substantial
reduction in crystallite size of NPG with respect to control.

DSC study
DSC thermogram of control and treated NPG are shown in Figure
3. The DSC thermogram of control NPG showed a sharp endothermic
inflexion at 131.74C that was due to melting temperature of the control
NG. However, the treated NPG showed a slight shift in endothermic
inflexion and it was observed at 132.59C. This was due to melting of
the treated NG. It was reported that melting temperature of a sample

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study: DSC was used to

investigate the melting temperature and latent heat of fusion (H) of
samples. The control and treated NPG samples were analyzed by using
a Pyris-6 Perkin Elmer DSC on a heating rate of 10C/min under air
atmosphere and air was flushed at a flow rate of 5 mL/min.
Percentage change in H was calculated using following equations:

% change in Latent
=
heat of fusion

[ H Treated H Control ] 100

H Control

Where, H Control and H Treated are the latent heat of fusion of control
and treated samples, respectively.
Thermo gravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis (TGADTA): Thermal stability of control and treated NPG were analyzed
by using Mettler Toledo simultaneous TGA and Differential thermal
analyzer (DTA). The samples were heated from room temperature to
400C with a heating rate of 5C/min under air atmosphere.
FT-IR spectroscopy: FT-IR spectra were recorded on Shimadzus
Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (Japan) with frequency range
of 4000-500 cm-1. The treated sample was divided in two parts T1 and
T2 for FT-IR analysis.

Results and Discussion

XRD Study
The XRD diffractogram of control and treated NPG are presented
in Figure 1. The XRD of control NPG showed presence of intense XRD
peaks at 2 equals to 11.82, 11.98, 18.07, 18.48, 42.26 and 42.39. This
showed the crystalline nature of control NPG. However, the treated
Pharm Anal Chem Open Access
ISSN: 2471-2698 PACO, an open access journal

Figure 1: XRD diffractogram of control and treated neopentyl glycol (NPG).

Volume 1 Issue 1 1000101

Citation: Trivedi MK, Tallapragada RM, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, et al (2015) Characterization of Physical and Thermal Properties of Biofield
Treated Neopentyl Glycol. Pharm Anal Chem Open Access 1: 101. doi:10.1012/2471-2698.1000101

Page 3 of 6
depends on thermal vibration and kinetic energy of the atoms. The H
was calculated from DSC thermograms and the data are presented in
Table 1. The H of control NPG was 14.91 J/g; however, it was not
significantly changed in treated NPG (13.99 J/g). It was previously
reported that polyalcohols are heterogeneous at lower temperature
but they become homogeneous face centered cubic crystals that have
high symmetry and absorb energy when temperature rise to their own
solid-solid phase transition temperatures [29]. Hence, it is assumed
that biofield treatment may cause symmetrical crystal arrangement in
treated NPG atoms that may lead to absorption of latent heat of energy.

TGA study
TGA was used to get the information about the thermal stability

Crystallite size (nm)

100
80
60

40
20
0

Control

Treated

Figure 2: Crystallite size (nm) of control and treated neopentyl glycol (NPG).

Parameter

Control

Treated

Latent heat of fusion H (J/g)

14.91

13.99

Melting temperature (C)

131.74

132.59

Tmax (C)

159.72

213.53

Weight loss (%)

56.55

44.81

Table 1: Thermal analysis data of control and treated neopentyl glycol (NPG).

of control and treated NG. TGA thermogram, of control and treated

NPG are presented in Figure 4. TGA of control NPG showed thermal
degradation at around 135C and the degradation terminated at around
195C. During this thermal process the control NPG lost 55.66% of its
sample weight. However, the treated NPG showed two step thermal
degradation pattern. The first degradation step started at around
146C and terminated at approximately 185C. During this thermal
step the treated sample lost 44.81% of its weight. The second thermal
degradation started at around 200C and terminated at approximately
228C. During this step the treated NPG lost 12.86% of its weight.
The comparative evaluation of weight loss during first step thermal
degradation showed less percent of weight loss in treated NPG with
respect to control that may be inferred as high thermal stability of the
sample.
DTA thermogram of control NPG showed two endothermic peaks;
former peak was due to melting temperature (around 133C) and later
endothermic peak (172.66C) was due to volatilization of the sample.
However, the treated NPG also showed two endothermic peaks at
130.71C and 170.51C. The first endothermic peak was due to melting
and second peak was due to volatilization of the sample.
Derivative thermogram (DTG) of control and treated NPG are
shown in Figure 4. The control NPG showed maximum thermal
decomposition temperature (Tmax) at 159.72C; however, it was
minimally increased to 160.40C in treated NPG sample. The increase
in Tmax of treated NG and decrease in weight loss corroborated its high
thermal stability with respect to control sample. It is presumed that
biofield treatment may act as a cross linker in NPG molecules that led
to enhanced thermal stability. Sharma et al. reported that good thermal
stability, cheap and wide availability of organic compounds allows
them to be used as PCMs [1]. Hence, the high thermal stability of the
treated NPG may be advantageous for its applications as PCMs.

FT-IR spectroscopy
FT-IR spectra of control and treated NPG are presented in Figure
5. The control NPG showed broad stretching vibrational peaks at 3288
cm-1 which was due to characteristic -OH group. Other peak were
observed at 2956 cm-1, was due to CH stretching and 1475, 1356 cm-1
peaks were mainly due to -CH bending vibration peaks. The FT-IR
spectrum of control NPG showed peaks at 1276 cm-1 which was due to
C-O-H stretching vibration.
FT-IR spectrum of treated NG (T1) showed vibration peaks for
OH, and -CH stretching at 3288 and 2956 cm-1 respectively. Vibration
peaks at 1475 and 1356 cm-1 were appeared due to CH bending in
the T1 sample. FT-IR peak for C-O-H stretching was observed at 1276
cm-1.

Figure 3: DSC thermogram of control and treated neopentyl glycol (NPG).

Pharm Anal Chem Open Access

ISSN: 2471-2698 PACO, an open access journal

Likewise, the treated NPG (T2) showed peaks at 3265 cm-1 which
was mainly due OH stretching vibration of the sample. The CH
stretching and bending vibrations were observed at 2962, 1475 and 1356
cm-1. Vibrations peaks for C-O-H were observed at 1276 cm-1. Overall,
the FT-IR results showed no significant change in bond strength, force
constant and dipole moment in treated NPG with respect to control.

Volume 1 Issue 1 1000101

Citation: Trivedi MK, Tallapragada RM, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, et al (2015) Characterization of Physical and Thermal Properties of Biofield
Treated Neopentyl Glycol. Pharm Anal Chem Open Access 1: 101. doi:10.1012/2471-2698.1000101

Page 4 of 6

Figure 4: TGA thermogram of control and treated neopentyl glycol (NPG).

Pharm Anal Chem Open Access

ISSN: 2471-2698 PACO, an open access journal

Volume 1 Issue 1 1000101

Citation: Trivedi MK, Tallapragada RM, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, et al (2015) Characterization of Physical and Thermal Properties of Biofield
Treated Neopentyl Glycol. Pharm Anal Chem Open Access 1: 101. doi:10.1012/2471-2698.1000101

Page 5 of 6

Figure 5: FT-IR spectra of control and treated (T1 and T2) neopentyl glycol (NPG).

Pharm Anal Chem Open Access

ISSN: 2471-2698 PACO, an open access journal

Volume 1 Issue 1 1000101

Citation: Trivedi MK, Tallapragada RM, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, et al (2015) Characterization of Physical and Thermal Properties of Biofield
Treated Neopentyl Glycol. Pharm Anal Chem Open Access 1: 101. doi:10.1012/2471-2698.1000101

Page 6 of 6

Conclusions
In the present work biofield treatment has significantly affected the
physical and thermal properties of the NG. XRD study revealed the
increase in intensity of XRD peaks with respect to control. However,
significant decrease in crystallite size of treated NPG with respect to
control was observed. DSC analysis showed minimal change in melting
temperature of treated NPG with respect to control sample. Moreover,
decrease in weight loss of treated NPG was noticed as compared to
control. Additionally, the Tmax was minimally increased in treated
NPG as compared to control that corroborated the thermal stability
of the sample. FT-IR spectroscopic results of treated NPG showed
no structural changes with respect to control. The stable melting
temperature and appreciable thermal stability showed that the treated
NPG could be a potential candidate for fabrication of PCMs for thermal
energy storage applications.
Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. Cheng Dong of NLSC, institute of physics, and Chinese academy
of sciences for permitting us to use Powder X software for analyzing XRD results.
The authors would also like to thank Trivedi Science, Trivedi Master Wellness and
Trivedi Testimonials for their support during the work.

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Pharm Anal Chem Open Access

ISSN: 2471-2698 PACO, an open access journal

Citation: Trivedi MK, Tallapragada RM, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, et al

(2015) Characterization of Physical and Thermal Properties of Biofield Treated
Neopentyl Glycol. Pharm Anal Chem Open Access 1: 101. doi:10.1012/24712698.1000101

Volume 1 Issue 1 1000101