Surname

Centre
No.

Initial(s)

Paper Reference

4 3 5 7

Candidate
No.

0 1

Signature

Paper Reference(s)

4357/01

Examiners use only

London Examinations
IGCSE

Team Leaders use only

English as a Second Language

Paper 1 Reading and Writing

Monday 22 May 2006 Morning

Time: 2 hours

Question Leave
Number Blank

Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5

Materials required for examination

Nil

Items included with question papers

Nil

Part 6

Instructions to Candidates

In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initials and signature.
Check that you have the correct question paper.
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper.
Dictionaries may not be used in this examination.

Information for Candidates

The total mark for this paper is 100.

There are 16 pages in this question paper. Any blank pages are indicated.
Question numbers are written in bold type and on page 10 in square brackets e.g. [26].

Advice to Candidates

You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions and
arguments clearly and logically, including your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling.

Total

This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with

Edexcel Limited copyright policy.
2006 Edexcel Limited.
Printers Log. No.

M24629A

W850/4357/57570 5/6/6/5/

Eng149506_M24629A_IGCSE_English_1 1

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Part 1

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Read about the hotels below and answer the questions which follow.
Hotel A
All the rooms here boast ocean views, but the stunning lobby is what really makes this hotel
stand out. Although relatively new it feels classically elegant with chandeliers and marble
floors.
Hotel B
This small hotel is housed in a renovated 1890s merchants warehouse across from the town
market; the renovated rooms with exposed brick and hardwood floors are a welcome surprise
for this part of town. Children under the age of 5 go free and cots are available at no extra
charge.
Hotel C
All the rooms in this hotel are high-end one-bedroom suites with French doors separating the
sitting rooms and bedrooms. Every room comes with spectacular city views.
Hotel D
Located in the heart of the harbour district, the rooms in this hotel are spacious and modern,
but the overall atmosphere is quite formal. This hotel regularly offers good value weekend
special deals.
Hotel E
This hotel has splendid rooms, some with fireplaces and balconies, and is located in the
downtown area. The rooms and lobby are festooned with portraits of famous artists and some
great seascapes.
Hotel F
No one can compete with this hotel in the history department; its the oldest continuously
operating hotel in this province and its architecture is impressive. The rooms are small however
and in need of redecorating.
Hotel G
Uninspiring but convenient for shopping and the theatre district. All rooms include a continental
breakfast.
Hotel H
Comfortable rooms with friendly staff and a great location make this a fine option for families.
One night free with a weeks stay. The hotel also boasts a small gym and the local pools are
just round the corner.
Hotel I
Mid-scale hotel at the foot of the hill, with a cosy lounge and Victorian style rooms featuring
cable TV and air conditioning; single occupancy studios include kitchenettes. This hotel will
accept group bookings with a discount for groups of more than five.

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Hotel J
If you dont mind having to travel to get into the city, then this is the place for you with bags
of charm. You will need to use the local public transport system to get into the city centre as
its definitely too far to walk. Built in a semi-suburban area full of restaurants and shops, the
guest rooms are done in period reproductions with deep green carpeting and lots of nooks and
crannies.

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Hotel K
The good-sized family rooms in this renovated brown brick building located in the heart of the
city are available by the night, the week or the month, and come with kitchenettes and cable
TV though no maid service. Ask for the top-floor room.
Hotel L
Small rooms with minimal service in a restored building in the middle of the High Street and
the shopping district. Cheap and cheerful but can be noisy.
Hotel M
This hotel, around the corner from the university, has eight wonderfully appointed suites,
equipped with a sitting area, private bathrooms, TV, DVD and CD players and high-speed
internet connection.
Which hotel would you recommend to the following people? Write the correct letter in each
box.
1. someone who likes to exercise regularly
2. someone who is interested in looking at paintings

3. someone who likes looking at the sea

4. someone who is interested in old buildings

5. someone who wants a holiday with some friends

6. someone who wants to be able to cook meals with their family
7. someone who wants to be able to check their email regularly

8. someone who wants to see a play

9. someone who is looking for a cheap weekend break

10. someone who doesnt want to be in the city centre

Part 1

(Total for Part 1: 10 marks)

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Part 2

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Read this extract from the St Stephens College brochure below and answer the questions
which follow.

St Stephens College Course Guide 2006-2007

Welcome to another year of Adult Education at the College. We hope you are able to find a
course which appeals to you. This year we have been able to expand our adult provision in
the Business and Community sector, increasing our work-related skills programme. We now
have a wide range of courses available at all times of the day, Monday to Friday, in a variety
of venues, including local secondary schools, libraries and village halls. (Please note that the
provision of access for wheelchair users may vary in different locations.)
If you are unable to find a particular course to fit your needs in our brochure, or for any
other queries regarding our evening courses, please call 01784 337506 ext 255. There may
be other potential learners looking for something similar, in which case we will try to make
the necessary arrangements to be able to offer the course. Our friendly staff and experienced
tutors are always happy to offer advice before you enrol on a course. Once you have joined
us as a learner you will be supported all the way. We can even arrange independent careers
advice through our Next Step programme. If you would like more information please call
one of the following numbers:
Adult education reception: 01784 228676
Next Step: 01784 229676 (ext 229)
How to find us: 01784 229678
Enrolment Procedures
When you have chosen your course, you should return the enclosed application form as soon
as possible.
It is important that students realise that places can fill very quickly in certain subjects. If a
place is available it will be reserved for you, but payment is required to secure that place.
Should the course become over-subscribed we will endeavour to provide an alternative,
mutually convenient time and/or date. If this proves impossible, we will naturally refund
your fee. This will also apply if there are insufficient numbers for the course to run.
Once you have returned your application form you should assume that unless you hear
differently your course will go ahead as planned and you should turn up on the appropriate
day and time. You will not normally receive confirmation of booking, although please ring
if you wish to reassure yourself.
The information evening, held on Friday 1 September, 6.00 to 8.30pm, will be an excellent
opportunity to meet some of the tutors and discuss your course in more detail, but as classes
can fill very quickly, please try to book your course before then. There will also be staff
available to discuss daytime course provision.
This text continues on the next page.

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FEES
Fees are given with course details throughout this booklet and should be paid by 1 September.
The fee is not normally refundable once the student has started the course. Please see details
below.
Please note we do not have the facilities for credit or debit cards we accept cheques made
payable to St Stephens College or cash payments in person.
COURSE CANCELLATION
Courses are subject to enrolment of an appropriate number of students. If classes have to be
cancelled students will be refunded in full.
If a student cancels his or her place prior to a course starting, all fees will be refunded. All
courses can be attended for two weeks for a student to make up her or his mind as to whether
the subject and/or the level is suitable. If a student withdraws from a course which he or she
has attended for three or more weeks, it is not normal practice to refund fees. The college
reserves the right to alter fees, or reschedule or cancel courses if necessary. Please note,
Community Learning and Outreach Centre fees and concessions differ slightly from those
held at the college.
REDUCED FEES
Due to changes in government funding, which have meant funding being withdrawn from all
but a few priority areas, we will be unable to offer reduced fees for the foreseeable future.
ADDITIONAL EXPENSES
Books etc. for some courses
Exam fees (where applicable)
Some tutors organise trips and outings to restaurants etc.

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Look at the statements below.

Write True if the statement is correct according to the text, or write False if it is wrong. If the
information is not given in the text, then write Not given.
11. The college runs both daytime and evening courses.

............................

12. The college uses different locations for their courses.

............................

13. There are special lifts for people with disabilities at

all the venues.

............................

14. Your money will be returned if the course does not run.

............................

15. You will be sent a letter confirming your place on a course.

............................

16. You can meet the other people on your course before

you start.

17. You can pay by cash, cheque or credit card.

............................

18. The college can offer lower fees for some people.

............................

19. You may have to pay for your own books.

............................

20. The college also offers distance learning courses for people

who cannot come to the college.

............................

............................

Read the following questions and write a short answer for each. Write no more than three
words and/or a number, taken from the text.
21. What number should you ring for information about a particular evening course?

...............................................................................................................................................

22. What is the name of the service for people who want information about their future jobs?

...............................................................................................................................................

23. What should you send when you have selected your course?

...............................................................................................................................................

24. Where can you find information about how much each course costs?

...............................................................................................................................................

25. For how long can a student attend a course before making a final decision?

...............................................................................................................................................

Part 2

(Total for Part 2: 15 marks)

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Part 3

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Read the article below about Vikings and answer the questions which follow.
How do we know about the Vikings?
The Vikings were seafaring warrior peoples from Scandinavia who attacked and raided the British
Isles and other parts of Europe from the 8th to the 11th centuries. They werent just warriors, but
farmers, traders and settlers and they took their families with them when they moved from
Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway and Sweden) to conquer the West.
To understand the Vikings as people, 19th Century historians turned to written documents from that
era. However the documents dont tell the whole story. The Vikings have left many traces of their
settlements which are still visible today. Archaeology provides physical evidence of their conquests
and settlement. The study of place-names and language shows the lasting effect which the Viking
settlements had in the British Isles, and DNA analysis provides some insights into the effect the
Vikings had on the genetic stock of the countries where they settled. All of this provides valuable
information, but the only reason that we have an idea of the Vikings as a people is their appearance
in written documents.
Sources and contemporary accounts
Written documents left by the Vikings themselves are hard to find and much of what we have is
unreliable. Many popular ideas about Vikings are 19th Century inventions. Others are the result
of early historians accepting sources which modern scholars now regard as completely unreliable.
In Scandinavia the Viking Age is regarded as part of prehistory because there are practically no
contemporary written documents.
The most informative sources of written documents about the Vikings were generally written by the
people in the countries the Vikings invaded and furthermore surviving accounts of Viking activity
were almost exclusively written by churchmen. These include monastic chronicles, such as the
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which outline broadly what happened at what date. These chronicles reflect
the fact that the Vikings often attacked monasteries for their wealth, which created an obvious bias
against them, and the hostile tone of these contemporary accounts has done much to create the
popular image of Viking atrocities.
Runes
One of the reasons that we have so few records from the Viking Age is that the Vikings did not
become familiar with the Roman alphabet (the alphabet we use today) until much later in their period
of occupation. However, they did have another form of lettering, knows as runes.
The word alphabet comes from the Greek letters alpha and beta. Similarly, the runic alphabet is
known as the futhark from the first six runes. The futhark had only sixteen runes. This meant that
some runes were used for several different letters, and sometimes there was more than one rune for
the same letter: for example, there were two runes for the letter a, two for r and one for the English
th. There were also several different versions of some of the runes. As the Vikings became more
familiar with the Roman alphabet they gradually added more runes to their own alphabet. Examples
of Viking writing which still survive today are often texts which have been carved on wooden or
stone tablets.

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Most of the surviving runes are found on large memorial stones called runestones. Very often they
only have the name of the person in whose memory the stone was made, and the name of those
responsible for having it made. Occasionally the inscriptions describe the achievements of the person
commemorated and refer to historical events in which they were involved. For this reason, runic
inscriptions are a valuable source for Viking history. However, because they are so brief they never
give a very full picture and often raise as many questions as they answer.
Coins
The inscriptions on coins are normally even shorter than those on runestones, and contain even
less factual information. Some coins have no inscription at all. Even so, coin inscriptions are
contemporary texts from the Viking Age, and the inscriptions on coins can provide a surprising
amount of information. Sometimes coins can provide information which is not known from any
other source.
Images on coins can also be significant. The small-scale Viking coinage of the 8/10th Century has no
proper inscriptions, although some of the designs were originally copied from other coin inscriptions.
However, from the mid-10th Century the Viking coins begin to show clear Christian symbols. Coins
can also give a very different impression from other sources. Since they are contemporary and the
chronicles were written some years later, the coins may be a more reliable source.
Sagas (heroic tales of adventure)
The most detailed accounts which we possess of the Viking Age are the Icelandic sagas. Some of
these deal with the deeds of powerful rulers, such as the kings of Norway. Others deal with the
ordinary people of Iceland, although the central characters even then tend to come from the ruling
class. Often the sagas describe events in great detail, including what was said by those involved.
This may sound ideal for the historian but the picture is far more complicated. The earliest sagas
werent written down until the 12th Century and many of the most famous ones are even later. This
means that the sagas were often written down two or three hundred years after the events which they
describe, and it is not always clear where the compilers of the sagas used earlier material and where
they simply made things up.
Today most historians would accept that some saga material is clearly not factual or reflects a much
later society rather than the Viking Age. However, this does not mean that the sagas have no value at
all. Sometimes the broad outline of events in the sagas is supported by other sources. In other words,
we can use sagas to study history, but we have to be very careful when we do.

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Complete the following notes, using no more than three words and/or a number, taken
from the text.

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NOTES

Information about Vikings is available from [26] ..............................................

which we
find through archaeology.

The

most

useful

information

about

the

Vikings

is

found

in

Vikings

is

produced

by

[27]
.............................................. .

Unfortunately,

much

of

the

written

information

about

[28]
...............................................

Most

original

written

sources,

which

exist

today,

were

[29] ..............................................

and show that Vikings attacked buildings such as

[30]
...............................................
on a regular basis.

The Viking alphabet was made up of [31] ..............................................

runes

in total,
some of which were used for different letters.

Viking runes were often [32]

..............................................
on wood or stone.

The writing on runestones can be very [33] ..............................................

and so they are

not always a good source of information.

Coins are not always informative as there may be no [34] ..............................................

on them.

Christian symbols began to appear on coins after the [35]

.............................................. .

Sagas are not always [36]

..............................................
accounts of what happened.

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For questions 37 40, choose the best answer, A, B or C.

37. It is difficult to study Vikings because

A there are so few written documents left by the Vikings.

B Vikings destroyed many of the written records.
C 19th Century historians rewrote the evidence.

38. Futhark was complicated because

A there were regional variations.

B the runes were used in different ways.
C it was adapted from the Roman alphabet.

39. Coins produced at the time of the Vikings

A provide unique historical data.

B include illustrations of Vikings.
C are more informative than runestones.

40. Some historians believe that sagas are not a reliable source because

A they were written at a later date.

B they are based on fairy tales.
C they only tell stories about kings.
Part 3
(Total for Part 3: 15 marks)
Total for Reading: 40 marks

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Part 4
Your school has decided to spend some money on buying new equipment. You have been
asked to write a short report for your school head teacher to say how you think the school
should spend the money.
The choices are:

l
a school minibus

l
more sports equipment

l
new computers for the classrooms.
Write a short report to say which of these choices you think is the best. In your report say what
you think the advantages of your choice would be for the students and for the school.
You must write between 100 and 150 words.
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
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Part 4

(Total for Part 4: 20 marks)

12

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Part 5
You would like to invite a friend to visit you for the weekend during the holidays. Write an
email to your friend. In your email,

l
l
l

explain why you are writing

give details of when you would like your friend to visit
say what you could do during the weekend.

You must write between 100 and 150 words.

......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
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Part 5

(Total for Part 5: 20 marks)

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Part 6

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Look at the article below about woodpeckers small birds which make holes in trees. Your
teacher has asked you to write a summary in your own words of no more than 150 words
about:


l

what woodpeckers look like

their habitat
why they are so important to other birds.

Woodpeckers
The woodpeckers are a large family of similarly designed birds found in forested areas around the
globe. They have especially evolved to deal with chiselling wood, including shock-absorbing head
musculature, extremely long tongues and stiff tail feathers helping them perch upright on trees.
Woodpeckers are often the core species of woodland areas (except in two major regions of the world
that dont have any woodpeckers: Australasia and Madagascar).
Woodpeckers come in a great variety of shapes and colours. One group are the flickers which
specialise in feeding on the ground, often focusing on ants. The Campo Flicker of southern South
America is such a species. It has the stiffly pointed specialised tail feathers that help woodpeckers
perch on trees.
Another specialised group are the sapsuckers of Northern America. They drill small holes into the
top layer of living trees causing sap to ooze forth slowly. They do this on a set of favoured (usually
young) trees and then follow their trap line from tree to tree, drinking the sap and sometimes
consuming insects attracted to it. Birch, aspen, willow and orchard fruit trees are often favourites.
Woodpeckers are core species because their presence is a fundamental requirement to the existence
of a wide range of other birds. Woodpeckers drill new holes each year and thus many old nest cavities
are available for an entire suite of hole-nesting species. Birds such as swallows, small owls, bluebirds
and a huge array of small birds (wrens and chickadees) use them advantageously.
Most European species of woodpecker are, on the whole, rather retiring birds and often the best views
are had of birds in flight. Such observations are generally brief and so it is important that observers
familiarise themselves with key aspects of plumage and behaviour to make positive identification.
Examples of European Woodpeckers
Grey-headed woodpecker (small bird with green tail feathers)
Status: Resident, locally common; Voice: repeated fluty whistles slowing and descending in pitch;
Length: 25-26 cm; Habitat: open deciduous woods; specifically larch woods in central Europe;
Behaviour: excavates nest holes in mature trees.
Green woodpecker (large bulky bird)
Status: Resident, common; Voice: ringing laugh known as a yaffle; Length: 31-33 cm;
Habitat: open, broad-leaved lowland forest with clearings, parks, gardens and heaths;
Behaviour: feeds almost exclusively on ants.

14

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Write your summary here. Use your own words and phrases as far as possible.

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......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
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......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................

Part 6

(Total for Part 6: 20 marks)

Total for Writing: 60 marks
Total for Paper: 100 marks
END

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