2 D Motion
2 D Motion
2 D Motion
PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
Motion in Two Dimension 1
The motion of an object is called two dimensional, if two of the three co-ordinates are
required to specify the position of the object in space changes w.r.t time.
In such a motion, the object moves in a plane. For example, a billiard ball moving over the
billiard table, an insect crawling over the floor of a room, earth revolving around the sun etc.
Two special cases of motion in two dimension are
motion
1. Projectile motion
2. Circular
PROJECTILE MOTION
3.1 Introduction.
A hunter aims his gun and fires a bullet directly towards a monkey sitting on a distant tree. If
the monkey remains in his position, he will be safe but at the instant the bullet leaves the barrel
of gun, if the monkey drops from the tree, the bullet will hit the monkey because the bullet will
not follow the linear path.
The path of motion of a bullet will be parabolic and this motion of bullet is defined as
projectile motion.
If the force acting on a particle is oblique with initial velocity then the motion of particle is called
projectile motion.
3.2 Projectile.
A body which is in flight through the atmosphere but is not being propelled by any fuel is
called projectile.
Example:
(i) A bomb released from an aeroplane in level flight
(ii) A bullet fired from a gun
(iii) An arrow released from bow
(iv) A Javelin thrown by an athlete
genius
PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
Y
X
X
Y
1 2
gt
2
x
u
cos
y x tan
1
x2
g 2
2 u cos2
O u cos
u sin
. (ii)
1
gx2
2 u2 cos2
This equation shows that the trajectory of projectile is parabolic because it is similar to
equation of parabola
y = ax bx2
Note
genius
PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
Motion in Two Dimension 3
y x tan 1
R
u2 sin2
)
g
(b) 45o
comparing
y x tan
tan
the
(c) 60o
coefficient
of
in
given
with
standard
equation
gx
2
2u cos2
3 60
3x (1 / 2)x 2 , if g =
3 10 m/s
Solution : (b) By
comparing
y x tan
(b)
the
(c)
2 10 m/s
coefficient
of
x2
in
(d)
10 3 m/s
given
equation
with
10 2 m/s
standard
equation
gx
.
2u cos2
g
1
2
2
2
2u cos
Substituting = 60o we get
2
u 2 10 m / sec.
2
(a) 16 m
(b) 8 m
(c) 3.2 m
(d) 12.8 m
5x 2
or y 16x 1
64 / 5
64
=12.8 m.
5
(2) Displacement of projectile (r) : Let the particle acquires a position P having the
coordinates (x, y) just after time t from the instant of projection. The corresponding position
r x
i yj
.(i)
.(ii)
.(iii)
.(iv)
P (x, y)
vy
vx
X
vi
Putting the values of x and y from equation (ii) and equation (iv) in equation (i) we obtain
the position vector at any time t as
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PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
gt
2u
r ut 1
gtsin
u
and
tan1(y / x)
utsin 1 / 2gt2
(u t cos )
tan1
or
2u sin gt
2u cos
tan1
Note
:
The angle of elevation of the highest point
of the projectile and the angle of projection are
related to each other as
tan
1
tan
2
12 m
(b) 28 m
1 F 2
1 4 2
1
t
4 16m
y ut (a) t2 0
2 m
2 2
2
x 2 y2
(c) 20 m
(d)
E
d
(12)2 (16)2
F
d 20m
Problem 5. A body starts from the origin with an acceleration of 6 m/s2 along the x-axis and 8 m/s2 along
the y-axis. Its distance from the origin after 4 seconds will be
[MP PMT 1999]
(a)
128 m
56 m
(b) 64 m
(c) 80 m
(d)
1
1
ax t 2 6 (4)2 48m
2
2
1
1
ay t 2 8 (4)2 64m
2
2
x 2 y2
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PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
Motion in Two Dimension 5
Let vi be the instantaneous velocity of projectile at time t direction of this velocity is along
the tangent to the trajectory at point P.
vx
u cos
u2 g2t2 2u gtsin
vy
vx
u sin gt
or
u cos
gt
(4) Change in velocity : Initial velocity (at projection point) ui u cos i u sin j
Final velocity (at highest point) u f u cos i 0 j
(i) Change in velocity (Between projection point and highest point) u u f ui u sin j
When body reaches
u f u cos
i u sin j
the
ground
after
completing
its
motion
then
final
velocity
(a)
None of these
u cos
2
(b) u cos
(c)
u sin
2
(d)
Solution : (b) In a projectile motion at maximum height body possess only horizontal component of
velocity i.e. u cos.
Problem 7. A body is thrown at angle 30o to the horizontal with the velocity of 30 m/s. After 1 sec, its
velocity will be (in m/s) (g = 10 m/s2)
(a)
(b) 700 10
10 7
(c) 100 7
(d)
40
u2 g2 t 2 2u g t sin
10 7 m/ s
Problem 8. A projectile is fired at 30o to the horizontal. The vertical component of its velocity is 80 ms1.
Its time of flight is T. What will be the velocity of the projectile at t = T/2
(a)
40 ms1
80 ms1
(b) 80 3 ms1
(c) (80/
1
3 ) ms
(d)
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PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
80
sin30o
160m / s
Problem 9. A particle is projected from point O with velocity u in a direction making an angle with
the horizontal. At any instant its position is at point P at right angles to the initial
direction of projection. Its velocity at point P is
90o
u tan
(a)
(b)
u cot
(c) u cosec
90o
u sin
(d) u sec
v sin
90o
O u cos
Problem 10. A particle P is projected with velocity u1 at an angle of 30o with the horizontal. Another
particle Q is thrown vertically upwards with velocity u2 from a point vertically below the
highest point of path of P. The necessary condition for the two particles to collide at the
highest point is
(a)
u1 u2
(b)
u1 2u2
(c) u1
u2
2
u1
u1 4u2
(d)
u2
30o
Solution : (b) Both particle collide at the highest point it means the vertical distance travelled by both the
particle will be equal, i.e. the vertical component of velocity of both particle will be equal
u1 sin30 u2
u1
u2 u1 2u2
2
Problem 11. Two seconds after projection a projectile is travelling in a direction inclined at 30 o to the
horizontal after one more sec, it is travelling horizontally, the magnitude and direction of its
velocity are
[RPET 1999]
(a) 2 20 m/sec,60o
(b) 20 3 m/sec,60o
6 40 m/sec,30o
(c)
40 6 m/sec,30
Solution : (b) Let in 2 sec body reaches upto point A and after one more sec upto pointvB.
Total time of ascent for a body is given 3 sec i.e. t
u sin 10 3 30
u sin
3
u
g
..(i)
ucos vcos30
..(ii)
Usingv u g t
v sin30o u sin g 2
v sin30o 30 20
As u sin
30
u cos
30
(d)
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PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
Motion in Two Dimension 7
v 20m / s.
20 2 m )
45o
(c) 20ms1
(d) 20 2 ms1
40 m
Solution : (d) At point N angle of projection of the body will be 45. Let velocity of projection at this point is
v.
of well
If the body just manages to cross the well then Range Diameter
v2 sin2
40
g
v2 400
As
45
v
N
R
v 20m / s
45o
40 m
g
2
.20 2
u2 202 400 u
[Using v2 = u2 + 2as]
20 2 m/ s.
Problem 13. A projectile is fired with velocity u making angle with the horizontal. What is the change in
velocity when it is at the highest point
u cos
(a)
(u cos u)
(c) u sin
(b) u
(d)
Solution : (c) Since horizontal component of velocity remain always constant therefore only vertical
component of velocity changes.
Initially vertical component u sin
Finally it becomes zero. So change in velocity u sin
(5) Change in momentum : Simply by the multiplication of mass in the above expression of
velocity (Article-4).
(i) Change in momentum (Between projection point and highest point)
p p f pi musin j
L mvr
Herer H
u2 sin2
2g
P = mv
u
r
X
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PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
L m u cos
m u3 cos sin2
u2 sin2
2g
2g
A body of mass 0.5 kg is projected under gravity with a speed of 98 m/s at an angle of 30o
with the horizontal. The change in momentum (in magnitude) of the body is
[MP PET 1997]
(a) 24.5 Ns
Solution : (b) Change
(b) 49.0 Ns
in
momentum
between
2 0.5 98 sin30 = 49 Ns.
(c) 98.0 Ns
complete
projectile
(d) 50.0 Ns
motion
2mu
sin
Problem 15. A particle of mass 100 g is fired with a velocity 20 m sec1 making an angle of 30o with the
horizontal. When it rises to the highest point of its path then the change in its momentum is
(a)
3kgmsec1
(c)
2 kgmsec1
(d) 1 kg m sec1
Problem 16. Two equal masses (m) are projected at the same angle () from two points separated by
their range with equal velocities (v). The momentum at the point of their collision is
(a) Zero
(b) 2 mv cos
(c) 2 mv cos
Solution : (a) Both masses will collide at the highest point of their trajectory with equal and opposite
momentum. So net momentum of the system will be zero.
mv cos mv cos
v
Problem 17. A particle of mass m is projected with velocity v making an angle of 45o with the horizontal.
The magnitude of the angular momentum of the particle about the point of projection when
the particle is at its maximum height is (where g = acceleration due to gravity)
[MP PMT 1994; UPSEAT 2000; MP PET 2001]
(a) Zero
Solution : (b) L
mv3
m u3 cos sin2
=
2g
(4 2 g)
(d) mv2/2g
[As = 45o]
Problem 18. A body is projected from the ground with some angle to the horizontal. What happens to the
angular momentum about the initial position in this motion
[AIIMS 2000]
(a) Decreases
(b) Increases
Solution : (b)
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PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
Motion in Two Dimension 9
Solution : (a)
(7) Time of flight : The total time taken by the projectile to go up and come down to the
same level from which it was projected is called time of flight.
For vertical upward motion 0 = u sin gt t = (u sin /g)
Now as time taken to go up is equal to the time taken to come down so
2u sin
Time of flight T 2t
g
2.uy
g
initial velocity).
(ii) For complementary angles of projection and 90o
(a) Ratio of time of flight =
T1
T1
2u sin / g
tan
= tan
T2 2u sin(90 ) / g
T2
2u sin 2u cos
g
g
T1T2
2R
g
(iii) If t1 is the time taken by projectile to rise upto point p and t2 is the time taken in falling
from point p to ground level then t1 t2
u sin
or
g(t1 t2 )
2
h g
2u sin
time of flight
g
1
h u sin t1 gt12
2
(t1 t2 ) 1 2
t1 gt1
2
2
by solving h
g t1t2
2
(iv) If B and C are at the same level on trajectory and the time difference between these two
points is t1, similarly A and D are also at the same level and the time difference between these
two positions is t2 then
t22 t12
8h
g
B
A
t1
t2
C
D
(a) t1t 2 R 2
(b) t1t 2 R
(c) t1t 2
1
R
(d) t1t 2
1
R2
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PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
2R
t1t2 R .
g
Problem 21. A body is thrown with a velocity of 9.8 m/s making an angle of 30o with the horizontal. It will
hit the ground after a time
[JIPMER 2001, 2002; KCET (Engg.) 2001]
(a) 1.5 s
Solution : (b) T
(b) 1 s
(c) 3 s
(d) 2 s
2u sin
2 9.8 sin30o
= 1sec
g
9.8
Problem 22. Two particles are separated at a horizontal distance x as shown in figure. They are projected
at the same time as shown in figure with different initial speed. The time after which the
horizontal distance between the particles become zero is
[CBSE PMT 1999]
u
u/ 3
60o
30o
A
(a) u /2x
(b) x/u
(c) 2u/x
(d) u/x
Solution : (b) Let x1 and x2 are the horizontal distances travelled by particle A and B respectively in time
t.
x1
u
3
x1 x2
. cos30 t
u
3
..(i)
x2 u cos60o t
and
. cos30o t u cos60o t ut
x ut
(ii)
t x /u
Problem 23. A particle is projected from a point O with a velocity u in a direction making an angle
upward with the horizontal. After some time at point P it is moving at right angle with its
initial direction of projection. The time of flight from O to P is
(a)
u sin
g
(b)
u cosec
(c)
u tan
g
(d)
Solution : (b) When body projected with initial velocity u by making angle
time t, (at point P) its direction is perpendicular to u .
u sec
g
u sin
90o
u cos
v cos
(90 )
v
sin2 cos2
g
g sin
g
Problem 24. A ball is projected upwards from the top of tower with a velocity 50 ms 1 making angle 30o
with the horizontal. The height of the tower is 70 m. After how many seconds from the
instant of throwing will the ball reach the ground
(a) 2.33 sec
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PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
Motion in Two Dimension 11
Solution : (c) Formula for calculation of time to reach the body on the ground from the tower of height h
(If it is thrown vertically up with velocity u) is given by
u
u
u
2gh
sin30o
t 1 1 2
30o
g
u
So we can resolve the given velocity in vertical direction
and can apply the above formula.
70 m
25
2 9.8 70
1 1
9.8
(25)2
= 6.33 sec.
Problem 25. If for a given angle of projection, the horizontal range is doubled, the time of flight becomes
(a) 4 times
Solution : (c)
(b) 2 times
(c)
2 times
(d) 1 / 2 times
2u sin
u2 sin2
and T
g
g
R u2 and
In the given condition to make range double, velocity must be increased upto
of previous value. So automatically time of flight will becomes 2 times.
2 times that
Problem 26. A particle is thrown with velocity u at an angle from the horizontal. Another particle is
thrown with the same velocity at an angle from the vertical. The ratio of times of flight of
two particles will be
(a) tan 2 : 1
(b) cot 2 : 1
(c) tan : 1
(d) cot : 1
Solution : (c) For first particles angle of projection from the horizontal is . So T1
2u sin
g
For second particle angle of projection from the vertical is . it mean from the horizontal is
(90 ).
T2
T1
2u cos
2u sin(90 )
tan .
. So ratio of time of flight
g
g
T2
Problem 27. The friction of the air causes vertical retardation equal to one tenth of the acceleration due
to gravity (Take g = 10 ms2). The time of flight will be decreased by
(a) 0%
(b) 1%
(c) 9%
(d) 11%
Solution : (c)
g
2u sin
T
g
10 11
1 2
g
T2
g1
10
T1 T2
1
T1
11
Percentage decrease = 9%
u
(8) Horizontal range : It is the horizontal distance travelled by a body during the time of
flight.
Horizontal range
genius
PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
u2 sin2
g
2uxuy
g
2uxuy
2u cos u sin
2u sin
g
g
g
velocity)
(ii) If angle of projection is changed from to = (90 ) then range remains unchanged.
60o
30o
R'
Blast
u2 sin2 '
u2 sin[2(90o )] u2 sin2
R
g
g
g
So a projectile has same range at angles of projection and (90 ), though time of flight,
maximum height and trajectories are different.
These angles and 90o are called complementary angles of projection and for
R1
R
u2 sin2 / g
1
1
complementary angles of projection ratio of range 1 2
R2
R2 u sin[2(90o )]/ g
(iii) For angle of projection 1 = (45 ) and 2 = (45 + ), range will be same and equal to
u2 cos 2/g.
0
d
g
d
45o
Rmax = 4 H
i.e., a projectile will have maximum range when it is projected at an angle of 45 o to the
horizontal and the maximum range will be (u2/g).
When the range is maximum, the height H reached by the projectile
H
2g
2g
4g
4
i.e., if a person can throw a projectile to a maximum distance Rmax, The maximum height to which it
Rmax
.
will rise is
4
(v) Relation between horizontal range and maximum height : R
u2 sin2
u2 sin2
and H
g
2g
genius
PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
Motion in Two Dimension 13
R
u2 sin2 / g
2
4 cot
H u sin2 / 2g
R 4H cot
R = nH
u2 sin2
u2 sin2
n
tan [4 / n] or tan1[4 / n]
g
2g
Note
A boy playing on the roof of a 10m high building throws a ball with a speed of 10 m/s at
an angle of 30o with the horizontal. How far from the throwing point will the ball be at the
1
3
height of 10 m from the ground (g = 10 m/s2, sin 30o =
, cos 30o
)
2
2
[AIEEE 2003]
(a) 8.66 m
(b) 5.20 m
(c) 4.33 m
(d) 2.60 m
u2 sin2
(10)2 sin(2 30)
R
g
10
30o
10
m
R 5 3 8.66meter
Problem 29.
10
m
Which of the following sets of factors will affect the horizontal distance covered by an
athlete in a longjump event
[AMU (Engg.) 2001]
(Velocityof projection
)2 sin2(Angleof project
ion)
g
Problem 30. For a projectile, the ratio of maximum height reached to the square of flight time is ( g = 10
ms2)
[EAMCET (Med.) 2000]
(a) 5 : 4
Solution : (a) H
(b) 5 : 2
2u sin
u2 sin2
and T
g
2g
(c) 5 : 1
H
T
(d) 10 : 1
u2 sin2 / 2g
g 10 5
4 u2 sin2 / g2
8
8
4
Problem 31. A cricketer can throw a ball to a maximum horizontal distance of 100 m. The speed with
which he throws the ball is (to the nearest integer)
[Kerala (Med.) 2002]
(a) 30 ms
Solution : (c)
Rmax
u2
= 100
g
(b) 42 ms1
(when 45 )
(c) 32 ms1
(d) 35 ms1
genius
PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
1000 31.62m/ s.
Problem 32. If two bodies are projected at 30o and 60o respectively, with the same velocity, then
[CBSE PMT
(b)
Their
heights
are
Problem 33. Figure shows four paths for a kicked football. Ignoring the effects of air on the flight, rank
the paths according to initial horizontal velocity component, highest first
[AMU (Med.) 2000]
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4
(b) 2, 3, 4, 1
(c) 3, 4, 1, 2
(d) 4, 3, 2, 1
Solution : (d) Range horizontal component of velocity. Graph 4 shows maximum range, so football
possess maximum horizontal velocity in this case.
Problem 34. Four bodies P, Q, R and S are projected with equal velocities having angles of projection 15 o,
30o, 45o and 60o with the horizontal respectively. The body having shortest range is
[EAMCET (Engg.) 2000]
(a) P
(b) Q
(c) R
(d) S
Solution : (a) Range of projectile will be minimum for that angle which is farthest from 45.
Problem 35. A particle covers 50 m distance when projected with an initial speed. On the same surface it
will cover a distance, when projected with double the initial speed
[RPMT 2000]
(a) 100 m
Solution : (c)
(b) 150 m
R2 u2
u2 sin2
R u2 so
g
R1 u1
(c) 200 m
2
2u
(d) 250 m
R2 4R1 = 4 50 = 200 m
Problem 36. A bullet is fired from a canon with velocity 500 m/s. If the angle of projection is 15 o and g =
10 m/s2. Then the range is
[CPMT 1997]
3
(a) 25 10 m
Solution : (b) Range(R)
(c) 50 102 m
(d) 25 102 m
u2 sin2
500 2 sin 2 15 12500m 12.5 103 m
g
10
Problem 37. A projectile thrown with a speed v at an angle has a range R on the surface of earth. For
same v and , its range on the surface of moon will be
(a) R/6
Solution : (b) R
(b) 6 R
u2 sin2
g
R Moon gEarth
=6
R Earth gMoon
R 1/ g
gMoon 6 gEarth
RMoon 6 R Earth 6R
(c) R/36
(d) 36 R
genius
PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
Motion in Two Dimension 15
Problem 38. A projectile is thrown into space so as to have maximum horizontal range R. Taking the point
of projection as origin, the co-ordinates of the point where the speed of the particle is
minimum are
(b) R,
(a) (R, R)
R R
,
2 4
(c)
(d) R,
R/4
45o
R/2
u2
g
u2
2g
(b)
u2
3g
(c)
u
2
(d)
(given)
u2
4g
= 45o
u2 sin2
u2 sin(2 45o ) u2
g
g
g
Problem 40. A large number of bullets are fired in all directions with same speed u. What is the maximum
area on the ground on which these bullets will spread
(a)
u2
g
(b)
u4
g
2
(c)
u4
g
2
(d)
u2
g2
Solution : (b) The maximum area will be equal to area of the circle with radius equal to the maximum
range of projectile
u2
g
= 45o]
u4
(6
i 8j)m / sec. If g = 10 ms2, then horizontal
range is
(a) 4.8 metre
uy
ux
8
4
3
4
sin and cos
6
5
5
3
(10) 2
u2 sin2
u2 2sin cos
g
g
10
genius
PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
Problem 42. A projectile thrown with an initial speed u and angle of projection 15o to the horizontal has a
range R. If the same projectile is thrown at an angle of 45 o to the horizontal with speed 2u,
its range will be
(a) 12 R
Solution : (c)
(b) 3 R
(c) 8 R
(d) 4 R
u sin2
R u2 sin2
g
R2 u2
R1 u1
o
sin2 2
2u sin90
R2 R1
u sin30o
sin2 1
8R1
Problem 43. The velocity at the maximum height of a projectile is half of its initial velocity of projection u.
Its range on the horizontal plane is
[MP PET 1993]
(a)
(c) 3u2 / 2g
(b) u2 / 3g
3u / 2g
(d) 3u2 / g
Solution : (a) If the velocity of projection is u then at the highest point body posses only u cos
u cos
u
(given)
2
Now R
u2 sin(2 60)
3 u2
2 g
g
60
Problem 44. A projectile is thrown from a point in a horizontal place such that its horizontal and vertical
velocity component are 9.8 m/s and 19.6 m/s respectively. Its horizontal range is
(a) 4.9 m
(b) 9.8 m
2ux uy
g
(c) 19.6 m
(d) 39.2 m
2 9.8 19.6
39.2 m
9.8
Problem 45. A particle is projected with a velocity v such that its range on the horizontal plane is twice
the greatest height attained by it. The range of the projectile is (where g is acceleration due
to gravity)
[BHU 1984]
(a)
4v2
5g
(b)
4g
(c)
5v
v2
g
(d)
4v2
5g
1 sin 2 cos 1
;
;
5
5
2
2
1
2u2
.
u2 . 2. sin . cos
4u2
Range
5
5
g
5g
g
2H 4H cot
As R 2H given
cot
Problem 46. The range R of projectile is same when its maximum heights are h1 and h2. What is the
relation between R and h1 and h2
[EAMCET (Med.) 2000]
(a) R
h1h2
(b) R
2h1h2
(c) R 2 h1h2
(d) R 4 h1h2
Solution : (d) For equal ranges body should be projected with angle or (90o ) from the horizontal.
And for these angles : h1
u2 sin2
u2 cos2
and h2
2g
2g
u2 sin2 cos2
4g 2
1 u2 sin2
16
g
genius
PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
Motion in Two Dimension 17
2
16h1 h2 R R 4 h1h2
Problem 47. A grasshopper can jump maximum distance 1.6 m. It spends negligible time on the ground.
How far can it go in 10 seconds
(a)
(b)
2m
(c)
10 2 m
(d)
20 2 m
40 2 m
u2
1.6 m
g
u 4 m / s.
2 2 m/ s
2 2 10 20 2 m
1.6 m
v a
i bj, if the range of projectile is
(b) b = a
1
Solution : (c) Angle of projection tan
vy
vx
tan1
(c) b = 2a
b
a
tan
(d) b = 4a
b
a
(i)
1
tan 2
2
(ii)
[As R = 2H given]
b = 2a
(9) Maximum height : It is the maximum height from the point of projection, a projectile
can reach.
So, by using v2 u2 2as
u2 sin2
2g
(ii) H max
uy2
2g
Max.
height
0 (u sin )2 2gH
u
u2
2g
i.e., for maximum height body should be projected vertically upward. So it falls back to the
point of projection after reaching the maximum height.
(iii) For complementary angles of projection and 90o
H1
u2 sin2 / 2g
sin2
H1
tan2
H2
genius
PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
Problem 49. A cricketer can throw a ball to a maximum horizontal distance of 100 m. With the same
effort, he throws the ball vertically upwards. The maximum height attained by the ball is
[UPSEAT 2002]
(a) 100 m
(b) 80 m
(c) 60 m
u2
100m
g
(d) 50 m
(when 45 )
u2 100 10 1000
H max
1000
u2
50metre
. (when 90 )
2g
2 10
Problem 50. A ball thrown by one player reaches the other in 2 sec. the maximum height attained by the
ball above the point of projection will be about
[Pb. PMT 2002]
(a) 10 m
Solution : (c)
(b) 7.5 m
2u sin
2 sec
g
Now
(c) 5 m
(d) 2.5 m
u sin 10
(given)
u2 sin2
(10)2
5 m.
2g
2 10
Problem 51. Two stones are projected with the same magnitude of velocity, but making different angles
with horizontal. The angle of projection of one is /3 and its maximum height is Y, the
maximum height attained by the other stone with as /6 angle of projection is
[J & K CET 2000]
(a) Y
(b) 2 Y
(c) 3 Y
(d)
Y
3
Solution : (d) When two stones are projected with same velocity then for complementary angles and
(90o )
Ratio of maximum heights :
H1
H
tan2 tan2 3 H 2 1 Y
H2
3
3
3
Problem 52. If the initial velocity of a projectile be doubled. Keeping the angle of projection same, the
maximum height reached by it will
(a) Remain the same
Solution : (c)
u2 sin2
2g
(b) Be doubled
H u2
(c) Be quadrupled
(d) Be halved
[As constant]
Problem 53. Pankaj and Sudhir are playing with two different balls of masses m and 2m respectively. If
Pankaj throws his ball vertically up and Sudhir at an angle , both of them stay in our view
for the same period. The height attained by the two balls are in the ratio
(a) 2 : 1
(b) 1 : 1
(c) 1 : cos
(d) 1 : sec
2u1
g
u1
90o
g
g
g
g
u2
2m
Short Trick :
u1 u2 cos
Maximum
height H T2
(As T1 = T2)
genius
PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
Motion in Two Dimension 19
u12
2g
2g
2g
H1
u2 / 2g
2 12
=1
H 2 u2 cos / 2g
[As u1 u2 cos ]
Problem 54. A boy aims a gun at a bird from a point, at a horizontal distance of 100 m. If the gun can
impart a velocity of 500 ms1 to the bullet. At what height above the bird must he aim his
gun in order to hit it (take g = 10 ms2)
[CPMT 1996]
(a) 20 cm
(b) 10 cm
(c) 50 cm
(d) 100 cm
100 1
sec
500 5
In this time the bullet also moves downward due to gravity its vertical displacement
2
1
1
1
h g t2 10 1 / 5 m = 20 cm
2
2
5
Solution : (a) Time taken by bullet to travel a horizontal distance of 100 m is given by t
Problem 55. The maximum horizontal range of a projectile is 400 m. The maximum height attained by it
will be
(a) 100 m
Solution : (a)
(b) 200 m
(c) 400 m
(d) 800 m
Problem 56.
Two bodies are projected with the same velocity. If one is projected at an angle of 30 o
and the other at an angle of 60o to the horizontal, the ratio of the maximum heights reached
is
[EAMCET (Med.) 1995; Pb. PMT 2000; AIIMS 2001]
(a) 3 : 1
Solution : (b)
(b) 1 : 3
(c) 1 : 2
(d) 2 : 1
Problem 57. If time of flight of a projectile is 10 seconds. Range is 500 m. The maximum height attained
by it will be
(a) 125 m
Solution : (a) T
(b) 50 m
(c) 100 m
(d) 150 m
2u sin
u2 sin2
(50)2
10sec u sin 50 so H
125m.
g
2g
2 10
Problem 58. A man can throw a stone 80 m. The maximum height to which he can raise the stone is
(a) 10 m
(b) 15 m
(c) 30 m
(d) 40 m
Solution : (d) The problem is different from problem no. (54). In that problem for a given angle of
projection range was given and we had find maximum height for that angle.
But in this problem angle of projection can vary, Rmax
u2
80m [for 45 ]
g
genius
PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
u2 sin2 90o
2g
u2
1 u2
= 40 m
2g 2 g
Problem 59. A ball is thrown at different angles with the same speed u and from the same points and it
has same range in both the cases. If y1 and y2 be the heights attained in the two cases, then
y1 y2
u2
g
(a)
(b)
2u2
g
(c)
u2
2g
(d)
u2
4g
Solution : (c) Same ranges can be obtained for complementary angles i.e. and 90o
y1
u2 sin2
u2 cos2
and y2
2g
2g
y1 y2
u2 sin2 u2 cos2
u2
2g
2g
2g
(10) Projectile passing through two different points on same height at time t1 and
t2 : If the particle passes two points situated at equal height y at t t1 and t t2, then
(i) Height (y): y u sin t1
and
y u sin t2
1 2
gt1
2
1 2
gt2
2
.....(i)
.....(ii)
g t t
u sin 1 2
2
t = t2
t = t1
y
X
1
t t
y g 1 2 t1 gt12
2
2
y
1 2
gt
2
t1
2gy
u sin
2u sin
2y
t
0
g
g
u sin
1
g
gt1t2
2
and
t2
u sin
1
g
u sin
1
g
2gy
u sin
2gy
u sin
u
1
y1
y2
u2
B
X
(11) Motion of a projectile as observed from another projectile : Suppose two balls A
and B are projected simultaneously from the origin, with initial velocities u1 and u2 at angle 1
and 2, respectively with the horizontal.
The instantaneous positions of the two balls are given by
Ball A : x1 = (u1 cos1)t
y1 (u1 sin 1) t
1 2
gt
2
y2 (u2 sin 2 ) t
1 2
gt
2
genius
PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
Motion in Two Dimension 21
y u1 sin 1 u2 sin 2
constant
x u1 cos 1 u2 cos 2
1
1
(i) Kinetic energy m(u cos )2 mu2 cos2
2
2
K ' K cos
1
u2 sin2
mu2 sin2
(ii) Potential energy mgH mg
2g
2
K =
Kcos2
u cos
2
2
As H u sin
2g
1
1
mu2 cos2 mu2 sin2
2
2
1
mu2 = Energy at the point of projection.
2
(a) 0.25 R
(b) 0.5 R
(c) 0.75 R
(d) R
Solution : (b) Projectile possess minimum kinetic energy at the highest point of the trajectory i.e. at a
horizontal distance R / 2.
Problem 61. A projectile is fired at 30o with momentum p. Neglecting friction, the change in kinetic
energy when it returns to the ground will be
(a) Zero
(b) 30%
(c) 60%
(d) 100%
Solution : (a) According to law of conservation of energy, projectile acquire same kinetic energy when it
comes at same level.
Problem 62. A particle is projected making angle 45 o with horizontal having kinetic energy K. The kinetic
energy at highest point will be
[CBSE PMT 2000, 01; AIEEE 2002]
(a)
K
2
(b)
K
2
(c) 2K
(d) K
Solution : (b) Kinetic energy at the highest point K ' K cos2 K cos2 45o K / 2
Problem 63. Two balls of same mass are projected one vertically upwards and the other at angle 60 o with
the vertical. The ratio of their potential energy at the highest point is
(a) 3 : 2
(b) 2 : 1
(c) 4 : 1
(d) 4 : 3
1
mu2
2
1
mu2 sin2
2
genius
PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
PE I
(PE)II
1
1
mu2 sin2 30 mu2
2
8
4 :1
Problem 64. In the above problem, the kinetic energy at the highest point for the second ball is K. What is
the kinetic energy for the first ball
(a) 4 K
(b) 3 K
(c) 2 K
(d) Zero
1
mu2 cos2
2
Problem 65. A ball is thrown at an angle with the horizontal. Its initial kinetic energy is 100 J and it
becomes 30 J at the highest point. The angle of projection is
(a) 45o
(b) 30o
3
1
cos
10
3
10
x
u
. (i)
1 2
gt
2
. (ii)
y
x
1 g x2
2 u2
P(x, y)
genius
PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
Motion in Two Dimension 23
Solution : (c)
X
The path of the ball appears parabolic to a observer near the target because it is at rest. But
to a Pilot the path appears straight line because the horizontal velocity of aeroplane and the
ball are equal, so the relative horizontal displacement is zero.
Problem 67. The barrel of a gun and the target are at the same height. As soon as the gun is fired, the
target is also released. In which of the following cases, the bullet will not strike the target
(a) Range of projectile is less than the initial distance between the gun and the target
(b) Range of projectile is more than the initial distance between the gun and the target
(c) Range of projectile is equal to the initial distance between the gun and target
(d) Bullet will always strike the target
Solution : (a) Condition for hitting of bullet with target initial distance between the gun and target
Range of projectile.
Problem 68. A ball rolls off top of a staircase with a horizontal velocity u m/s. If the steps are h metre high
and b mere wide, the ball will just hit the edge of nth step if n equals to
(a)
hu2
(b)
gb2
u2 8
gb2
nh
g(nb)2
2u2
(c)
gx2
2u2
2hu2
(d)
gb2
2u2 g
hb2
2hu2
b
nh
gb2
nb
(2) Displacement of Projectile (r) : After time t, horizontal displacement x ut and vertical
x
1
u
O
displacement y gt2 .
2
y
1
P (x,y)
r
So, the position vector r uti gt2 j
vx
Therefore
gt
r ut 1
2u
tan1
gt
and tan
2u
gy
u
as t
2y
g
vy
(From v = u + g t)
genius
PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
v vx
i vy j = v u
i gt
j
i.e.
Again
v u
i
i.e.
gt
u2 gt 2 u 1
2gy
j
u2 2gy
vy
vx
vy
tan1
vx
2gy
u
tan1
or
gt
tan1
(b) 9
1
2 ms
(c) 18 ms1
tan45o
vy
vx
vy
18
1
2 ms
(d) 18
u=
18
=1
vy 18m/ s.
45o
vx
vy
Problem 70. A man standing on the roof of a house of height h throws one particle vertically downwards
and another particle horizontally with the same velocity u. The ratio of their velocities when
they reach the earths surface will be
(a)
2gh u2 : u
(b) 1 : 2
(c) 1 : 1
(d)
u2 2gh
u2 2gh
2gh u2 :
u
h
v
vx
vy
Problem 71. A staircase contains three steps each 10 cm high and 20 cm wide.
2gh
h
b
(b) 1 m/s
2 10 u2
2
10 20
(c) 2 m/s
(d) 4 m/s
2hu2
gb2 where h = height of each step, b = width
of step, u = horizontal velocity of
projection, n = number of step.
genius
PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
Motion in Two Dimension 25
(4) Time of flight : If a body is projected horizontally from a height h with velocity u and
time taken by the body to reach the ground is T, then
h 0
1 2
gT (for vertical motion)
2
2h
g
Solution : (d)
Problem 73. An aeroplane is flying at a height of 1960 m in horizontal direction with a velocity of 360
km/hr. When it is vertically above the point. A on the ground, it drops a bomb. The bomb
strikes a point B on the ground, then the time taken by the bomb to reach the ground is
(a) 20 2 sec
2h
Solution : (b) t
(b) 20 sec
(c) 10 2 sec
(d) 10 sec
2 1960
= 20 sec
9.8
(5) Horizontal range : Let R is the horizontal distance travelled by the body
1
R uT 0 T 2 (for horizontal motion)
2
Ru
u
h
2h
g
Range
100
m
3
Solution : (b) S u t u
(b)
500
m
3
2h
5
60
g
18
(c)
200
m
3
(d)
400
m
3
500
2 490
m
3
9.8
Solution : (c)
x u
(b)
2h
x 2h
2gh
h
2
2gh
(c) 2 h
(d)
2h
g
2h
3
u
2gh
genius
PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
Problem 76. An aeroplane moving horizontally with a speed of 720 km/h drops a food packet, while
flying at a height of 396.9 m. The time taken by a food packet to reach the ground
and its horizontal range is (Take g = 9.8 m/sec 2 )
[AFMC 2001]
(a) 3 sec and 2000 m (b) 5 sec and 500 m (c) 8 sec and 1500 m (d) 9 sec and 1800 m
Solution : (d) Time of descent t
2h
2 396.9
9.8
u = 720
km/h
t 9 sec
and horizontal distance S u t
720 5
9 1800m
18
(6) If projectiles A and B are projected horizontally with different initial velocity from same
height and third particle C is dropped from same point then
(i) All three particles will take equal time to reach the ground.
(ii) Their net velocity would be different but all three particle possess same vertical
component of velocity.
(iii) The trajectory of projectiles A and B will be straight line w.r.t. particle C.
(7) If various particles thrown with same initial velocity but indifferent direction then
A
u
u
A
u
C
E
u
h
A
(i) They strike the ground with same speed at different times irrespective of their initial
direction of velocities.
(ii) Time would be least for particle E which was thrown vertically downward.
(iii) Time would be maximum for particle A which was thrown vertically upward.
u
ax=g sin
O t
=0
P
t
ay= g cos =T
genius
PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
Motion in Two Dimension 27
The component of g along the plane is g sin and perpendicular to the plane is g cos as
shown in the figure i.e. a|| g sin and a g cos .
Therefore the particle decelerates at a rate of g sin as it moves from O to P.
2u sin
(1) Time of flight : We know for oblique projectile motion T
g
or
2u
we can say T
a
2u sin
g cos
u2
2a
u2 sin2
2g cos
1 2
at
2
1
a|| T 2
2
1
g sin T 2
2
2u sin
R u cos
g cos
By solving R
u2 sin2
2g
2u sin
1
g sin
2
g cos
)
2u2 sin cos(
2
g
cos
4 2
(ii) The maximum range along the inclined plane when the projectile is thrown upwards is
given by
(i) Maximum range occurs when
Rmax
u2
g(1 sin )
(iii) The maximum range along the inclined plane when the projectile is thrown downwards is
given by
Rmax
u2
g(1 sin )
genius
PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
u2
g(1 sin )
u2
u2
3
g(1 sin )
g(1 sin )
By solving = 30o
Problem 78. A shell is fired from a gun from the bottom of a hill along its slope. The slope of the hill is =
30o, and the angle of the barrel to the horizontal = 60o. The initial velocity v of the shell is
21 m/sec. Then distance of point from the gun at which shell will fall
(a) 10 m
(b) 20 m
(c) 30 m
(d) 40 m
Solution : (c) Here u = 21 m/sec, = 30o, = = 60o 30o = 30o
30m
g
cos2
9.8 cos2 30o
Problem 79. The maximum range of rifle bullet on the horizontal ground is 6 km its maximum range on an
inclined of 30o will be
(a) 1 km
(b) 2 km
(c) 4 km
(d) 6 km
Maximum range R
u2
6km (given)
g
Rmax
u2
g(1 sin30o )
u2
g(1 sin )
2 u2
2
6 4 km.
3 g
3