Windows series of Operating System

OPERATING SYSTEM
Intermediary between the user and hardware.
Common Operating Systems
MS-DOS
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows ME (Windows Millennium)
Windows NT
Windows 2000
Windows XP
Windows Vista
Windows CE PALM OS SYMBIAN
Apple Macintosh
Mac OS X
OS/2
UNIX
Linux
DOS
Disk operating system
Single-user Os from Microsoft for the Pc
First OS for the PC
Still the underlying control program for windows 3.1
Windows 95/98 and Windows NT build in their own version of DOS to support existing DOS
application.
Windows
The most widely used OS for personal computers
Windows provides graphical user interface (GUI, is a type of user interface that allows users to interact
with electronic devices using images rather than text commands.
Applications are displayed in re-sizeable, movable windows on screen
The idea came from Xerox.
Windows 1.0
Windows 2.0
Upgrade to Windows 1.0
16-bit Microsoft Windows GUI-based operating environment
introduces in 1988
supported overlapping and tiled windows
introduced keyboard-shortcuts and the terminology of "Minimize" and "Maximize", as opposed to
"Iconize" and "Zoom" in Windows 1.0
renamed windows/286
require dos
the last version of Windows that could run on a floppy-only system and did not require a hard disk.
never become popular
Windows 3.0
Introduced in 1990
Improved interface
Manage large amount of memory
Runs 16-bit windows and dos application on 286s and above
Introduced Program Manager and File Manager

Introducees notepad and the word processor write, a macro recorder, the paint program paintbrush , a
calculator and card game solitaire
Still require DOS
Windows 3.1
First major upgrade to 3.0
Into in 1992
Added support for
Multimedia
True type fonts
Icons could be dragged and dropped
Supposedly more stable
Windows 3.11
Upgrade to windows 3.121
It was the final release of 3.1
Released on August 11, 1993
not a standalone version of Windows, but rather a software update like modern Windows service packs
Windows 95
Designed to replace
Relesed in august 1995
32-bit,self contained operating system
Includes a built-in and enhanced versuion of DOS
Intro 'Start' button, taskbar
formed by a large number of virtual device drivers (VxDs) responsible for handling physical devices
(such as video and network cards), emulating virtual devices used by the virtual machines, or providing
various system services.
Plug and Play capabilities
Memory limitaions were expanded
shipped with Microsoft's own dial-up online service called The Microsoft Network.
Windows 97
Windows 98 was to be named 98 if had been released on time
Windows 98
Major upgrade to windows 95
Intro in June 1998
enhancements from Windows Desktop Update, an Internet Explorer 4 component, such as the
Quick Launch toolbar
Active Desktop, Channels
ability to minimize foreground windows by clicking their button on the taskbar
single click launching,
Back and Forward navigation buttons, favorites
address bar in Windows Explorer, image thumbnails, folder info tips and web view in folders, and
folder customization through HTML-based templates.
Dialog boxes now show up in the Alt-Tab sequence.
3D Pinball is included
Windows Me
Windows Me Millennium Edition
graphical operating system released on September 14, 2000 by Microsoft
was the last operating system released in the Windows 9x series.
for home PC users.

It included Internet Explorer 5.5, Windows Media Player 7, and the new Windows Movie Maker
software
Faster boot times
Improved power management and suspend/resume operations.
Includes drivers for USB mass storage devices and USB printers
Windows Me had a short shelf-life of just over a year; it was often criticized for being buggy and
unstable.
Windows NT
Windows NEW TECHNOLOGY
Intro in 1993
Advanced 32-bit "flat" virtual OS.
Works with Intel x86 and Alpha CPUs
Support for power PC has been dropped
Does not use DOS
Self contained OS that runs 16-bit and 32-bit windows application as well as DOS.
Windows NT 3.1
Windows NT 3.1 and Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server were released on July 26, 1993.
including the operating system core
written in the C programming language
higher memory consumption
More reliability
run applications designed for various operating systems, such as Windows, MS-DOS and OS/2
applications
Windows NT 3.5
second release of the Microsoft Windows NT operating system
released on September 21, 1994
This is the first Windows NT version to adopt the names Windows NT Workstation and Windows NT
Server for its editions
Windows 2000
Windows 2000 professional desktop version
Windows 2000 server (server version)
Support multiprocessors
Was originally known as NT 5.0
introduces layered windows that allow for transparency, translucency and various transition effects like
shadows, gradient fills and alpha blended GUI elements to top-level windows
Start Menu in Windows 2000 introduces personalized menus, expandable special folders and the ability
to launch multiple programs without closing the menu by holding down the SHIFT key.
intro version 7.0 of the DirectX API, used by game developers
introduced the Multilingual User Interface (MUI)
introduced the Microsoft Management Console (MMC), which is used to create, save, and open
administrative tools
Provide Support for distributed file systems, Active Directory.
Windows 2003 server
Built on the proven code base of Windows NT and Windows 2000
32-bit computing architecture
A fully protected memory model
Windows XP Professional
Same as in Windows 2003
XP" is short for "EXPERIENCE", highlighting the enhanced user experience.

was released worldwide for retail sale on October 25, 2001,

Eliminates most reboot problems that were in
Windows NT 4.0
Windows 95/98/Me
Improved task panes, tiles and filmstrip views, improved sorting and grouping, searching by document
categories, customizable info tips, built-in CD burning, AutoPlay, Simple File Sharing and Web DAV
mini-redirector.
Faster start-up
Windows Picture and Fax Viewer
improved System Restore, Automated System ,Recovery, Windows Error Reporting and driver
reliability.
Clear Type font mechanism for improve text readability on liquid crystal display (LCD) and similar
monitors, especially laptops
Updated accessories and games.
Windows Vista
Windows Vista is an operating system released in several variations developed by Microsoft for use on
personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, tablet PCs, and media center PCs.
Prior to its announcement on July 22, 2005, Windows Vista was known by its codename "Longhorn.
On January 30, 2007, it was released worldwide, and was made available for purchase and download
from Microsoft's website
Memory 512 MB-1 GB
Graphics memory 32 MB-128 MB
HDD capacity20 GB-40 GB
The new graphical user interface is named Windows Aero
Continue
"Favorite links-enabling one-click access.
A transparent panel at the side of the screen where a user can place Desktop Gadgets.
Page Zoom, Quick Tabs Anti-Phishing filter, a number of new security protection features,
Internationalized Domain Name support (IDN), and improved web standards support.
Intro Windows Media Player 11, Backup and Restore Center, Windows Mail, Windows Calendar,
Windows Photo Gallery, Windows Ultimate Extras
Shadow Copy automatically creates daily backup copies of files and folders.
Parental controls , Speech recognition .
Lesson 1: Use of Hand Tools
(Computer Hardware Servicing)
Definition of Terms
Bin - a container or enclosed space for storage.
Computer chassis - the enclosure that contains most of the components of a computer.
Diagnostic tools - used to test the integrity of circuits and the quality of electricity in computer
components and to test the functionality of computer
Hazards - risks; dangers.
Insulation - a material that reduces or prevents the transmission of heat or sound or electricity.
Definition of Terms
Nozzle -a projecting part with an opening, as at the end of a hose, for regulating and directing a flow of
fluid.
Preventive - intended or used to prevent or hinder.
Static electricity - an accumulation of electric charge on an insulated body.
Tool - a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task.

Toolkit - a set of tools designed to be used together or for a particular purpose.

Acronyms
ESD - Electro-Static Discharge
USB - Universal Serial Bus
LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
Proper Tool Selection
A tool is a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task. Tools range from a traditional metal
cutting part of a machine to an element of a computer program that activates and controls a particular
function.
Preparing for the task
How do you select the best tool for the job? First, know and understand in detail the scope of work to
be accomplished, second, plan for the scope taking into account the sequence of tasks.
Preparing for the task
Selecting the best tool for each task requires training in the proper use of the tools, field experience in
their safe use, and following the manufacturers guidance and instructions for that specific tool.
Preparing for the task
When obtaining the tool all the associated tooling and consumable parts, as recommended by the
manufacturer, must be included. In addition, related consumable parts must also be selected and used
according to their manufacturers instructions.
Safe Use of Tools
Once selected, use the tool for the purpose for which it was designed. Not all tools come with detailed
instructions, but there are those that do spell out the safety - Dos and Donts for the your safety. If
there are set-up or use options, operator judgment must always be based on what is the safest way to
use the tool.
Safe Use of Tools
Environmental Safety and Health Program requires the following:
All tools be kept in good condition with regular maintenance
The right tool be used for the job
Each tool be examined before use AND damaged or defective tools NOT to be used
Tools be operated according to manufacturers instructions
The right protective equipment for the tool and activity be used
Hardware Tools
To complete hardware repairs, it is important to have a toolkit that should contain all of the necessary
tools. As you gain experience, you will learn which tools to have available for different types of jobs.
Hardware tools are grouped into these four categories:
Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) tools
Hand tools
Cleaning tools
Diagnostic tools
Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) Tools
Static electricity is easily generated by friction on carpets, tile flooring, clothing, hair, fabric, and etc.
The friction of moving air alone will charge suspended particles and cause the buildup of static
electrical charges on people and objects in the environment. Grounded anti-static work mats used with
anti-static wrist straps provide the most basic means for the controlled discharge of electro-static
electricity.
Examples of ESD Tools
Anti-static wrist strap - used to prevent ESD damage to computer equipment.
Examples of ESD Tools
Anti-static mat - used to stand on or place hardware on to prevent static electricity from building up.

Hand Tools
A hand tool is a device for performing work on a material or a physical system using only hands. The
hand tools can be manually used employing force, or electrically powered, using electrical current.
Examples of Hand Tools
Flat head screwdriver - used to loosen or tighten slotted screws.
Examples of Hand Tools
Philips head screwdriver - used to loosen or tighten crosshead screws.
Examples of Hand Tools
Torx screwdriver - used to loosen or tighten screws that have a star-like depression on the top, a feature
that is mainly found on laptop.
Examples of Hand Tools
Hex driver sometimes called a nut driver, is used to tighten nuts in the same way that a screwdriver
tightens screws.
Examples of Hand Tools
Needle-nose plier - used to hold small parts.
Examples of Hand Tools
Wire cutter - used to strip and cut wires.
Examples of Hand Tools
Tweezers - used to manipulate small parts.
Examples of Hand Tools
Part retriever - used to retrieve parts from location that are to small for your hand to fit.
Examples of Hand Tools
Flashlight - used to light up areas that you cannot see well.
Cleaning Tools
Having the appropriate cleaning tools is essential when maintaining or repairing computers.
Using these tools ensures that computer components are not damaged during cleaning.
Examples of Cleaning Tools
Lint-free cloth - used to clean different computer components without scratching or leaving debris.
Examples of Cleaning Tools
Compressed air - used to blow away dust and debris from different computer parts without touching the
components.
Examples of Cleaning Tools
Cable ties - used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a computer.
Examples of Cleaning Tools
Parts organizer - used to hold screw, jumpers, fasteners and other small parts and prevents them from
getting mixed together.
Diagnostic Tools
Computers are easier to use and more dependable with each new generation of hardware and operating
system update, but that doesn't mean they're problem-free.
Examples of Diagnostic Tools
Multimeter - used to test the integrity of circuits and the quality of electricity in computer components.
Examples of Diagnostic Tools
Loopback Adapter - used to test the functionality of computer ports.
Prevailing LOGOS
Better than win 8, 8.1 and others:
As Microsoft says:
Windows 10 isn't for all of us, but for each of us .
The Windows you know, only better .

Always uptodate.
Advantages and betterments:
Cost & Upgradation:
Microsoft's Terry Myerson announced that
Windows 10 will be free for Windows 8.1 users for its first year. While there's no word on pricing for
users still on Windows 7 or an older version, Microsoft confirmed a while ago that the two most recent
Windows versions will be able to upgrade to Windows 10 directly.
Microsoft's Universal approach:
During its January 21 reveal event, Microsoft's Joe Belfiore revealed exactly what the company meant
by "Universal apps" when it first showed off Windows 10. Basically, the company is developing special
versions of its key apps, like Office, for Windows 10 phones and tablets under 8 inches.
Apps like Word, PowerPoint, Excel and Outlook will look and feel nearly identical to their desktop
counterparts, but be optimized for touch and screen size. And through Microsoft's cloud infrastructure,
all of your files will be accessible through those devices regardless of where it was created.
Spartan - Microsoft's refreshed web browser - will arrive on PCs first before rolling out to Windows
Phone.
Users can annotate pages with a finger or pen in 'Note Taking Mode' before sharing it or saving to
OneNote. There's also a 'Reading Mode' for offline viewing with support for PDF files.
Cortana is built into Spartan, and will attempt to predict and answer queries (e.g. restaurant
information) straight from the browser.
Apps that run everywhere:
Apps are going to be an instrumental part of getting Windows 10 working everywhere -- including on
smartphones and devices like gaming consoles. To that end, Microsoft is trumpeting universal apps
that'll exist on PCs and mobile devices. The new Photos app scans your devices and OneDrive account
for photos and arranges them into a giant collection. It'll work on mobile devices too.
The app will also automatically enhance all of the photos it finds, wrangling red eye and sorting out
exposure levels. The process is completely optional, and works on RAW files too
Full XboX support:
Microsoft has also added an Xbox app. It doesn't do all that much, at present: you're be able to see what
your friends are doing and send them messages, check out achievements, and look at game clips people
have pre-recorded. Microsoft ultimately aims to bring the full Xbox Live experience to Windows 10
PCs, including allowing you to stream games from your Xbox One console directly to your PC -- we'll
have to wait quite some time for htat functionality to be implemented.
Future-proofing:
Windows 10 isn't going to fix everything, but these changes to Windows 8's most divisive elements has
made a world of difference to the OS.
Desktops and laptops still handle most of our work and play, but tablets and smartphones have long
since stolen the limelight: future operating systems will need to work to bridge that gap. We've seen
steps in this direction from Apple, with OS X Yosemite's ability to hand off files and things like emails
and calls from your phone or tablet. And some Android apps are making their way to Google's Chrome
OS, an interesting sign of where Google might be headed.
More pros
The Action Center showed up in the October update to the Windows Technical Preview, and it's
become a bit more useful.
Easy, handy, useful, compact, complete, beautiful layout, human friendly, easy to use, light , run on
every type of pc, awesome support to tablets, desktops, laptops etc are major pros of win 10
cons
We still haven't seen much of Windows 10 on Windows Phones, but we did get a glimpse of universal
apps like Mail, Calendar, and the new Photos app running on both phones and PCs. There will need to

be allowances based on particular devices -- a desktop without a camera has little need for a Camera
app, for example. But this unified, universal experience eases a lot of work for developers trying to
spread their app across as many platforms as possible, as well as opening up new opportunities.
Windows 8 dreamed of dragging us into that future, but we kicked and screamed at the inefficiency of
its one-size-fits-all approach. With Windows 10, Microsoft seems to be getting it right.
Microsoft is still looking at the big picture: PCs are old news.