Dynamics

Mechanics
(Dynamics)
By:
John Ryan D. Regalario
Dynamics
the branch of mechanics which deals with the
motion of bodies.
Kinematics is the study of motion without
reference to the forces which cause the
motion; and
Kinetics relates the action of forces on
bodies to their resulting motion
Rectilinear Motion
The motion of a particle or an object moving in a
straight line is known as rectilinear motion.
The motion is not necessarily needed to be in
straight line or one dimension, the motion can
be in two or three dimension but it is
considered always straight.
Rectilinear Motion
v f v 0 at
1 2
s v 0 t at
2
vf 2 v0 2
s
2a
where :
s is the distance(in meters)
v 0 is the initial velocity (in m/s)
v f is the final velocity (in m/s)
t is the tims (in seconds)
a is acceleration (in m/s 2 )
Problem #1
An airplane accelerates down a runway at 3.20
m/s2 for 32.8 s until is finally lifts off the
ground. Determine the distance traveled
before takeoff.
a. 1520m
b. 1620m
c. 1720m
d. 1820m
Problem #2
How far does an automobile move while its
speed increases uniformly from 15kph to
45kph in 20sec
a. 185m
b. 167m
c. 200m
d. 172m
Problem #3
A race car accelerates uniformly from 18.5 m/s
to 46.1 m/s in 2.47 seconds. Determine the
acceleration of the car and the distance
traveled.
a. 12.1m/s2; 97.78m
b. 11.2m/s2; 97.78m
c. 12.1m/s2; 79.78m
d. 11.2m/s2; 79.78m
Problem #4
From a speed of 75kph, a car decelerates at the
rate of 500m/min2 along a straight path. How
far in meters it travel in 45sec?
a. 790.293m
b. 791.293m
c. 796.875m
d. 793.238m
Falling Bodies
vf v0
g
t
1 2
s v 0 t gt
2
vf 2 v02
s
2g
where :
g = 9.81m/s 2 32ft / s 2
Problem #5
Upton Chuck is riding the Giant Drop at Great
America. If Upton free falls for 2.60 seconds,
what will be his final velocity and how far will
he fall?
a. 25.5m/s; 23.3m
b. 22.5m/s; 23.3m
c. 25.5m/s; 33.2m
d. 22.5m/s; 33.2m
Problem #6
A ball is dropped from a building 100m high. If
the mass of the ball is 10gm, after what time
will the ball strikes to the earth?
a. 4.52s
b. 4.42s
c. 5.61s
d. 2.45s
Problem #7
The observation deck of tall skyscraper 370 m
above the street. Determine the time required
for a penny to free fall from the deck to the
street below.
a. 5.69s
b. 6.69s
c. 7.69s
d. 8.69s
Rotational Motion
= (2 1)/t
= 1t + t2/2
22 = 12 + 2
where:
is the angular acceleration(rad/s2)
is angular velocity (rad/sec)
is angular displacement (rad)
Example Problem
Due to rifling, a bullet fired from an M16 rotates
two and a half times on its journey from the
breech to the muzzle. Given a barrel length of
510 mm and a muzzle velocity of 950 m/s,
determine
a. the average translational acceleration,
b. the average rotational acceleration (in radians
per second squared), and
c. the final angular velocity (in rotations per second)
Solution
a. Determine the average translational
acceleration
v f 2 vi 2
s
2a
vf 2 vi 2 (950m / s) 2 02
a
2s
2(0.51m)
a 884.8x103 m / s 2
Solution
b. Determine the average rotational acceleration
(in radians per second squared)
s v v0
v
t
2
2s
2(0.51m)
t
0.001074s
v v0 950m / s 0
2.5rotations 5rads; 0 0rad / s
1
0 t t 2
2
2.7x107 rad / s 2
Solution
c. Determine the final angular velocity (in
rotations per second)
t 0.001074s; 2.7x107 rad / s 2
0 0rad / s
0 t 0 (2.7x107 rad / s 2 )(0.001074s)
29000rad / s 4700rotations / s
Solution
b. Determine the average rotational acceleration
(in radians per second squared)
s v v0
v
t
2
2s
2(0.51m)
t
0.001074s
v v0 950m / s 0
2.5rotations 5rads; 0 0rad / s
1
0 t t 2
2
2.7x107 rad / s 2
Problem #8
A rotating wheel has a radius of 2ft and 6in. A
point on the rim of the wheel moves 30ft in 2
sec. Find the angular velocity of the wheel.
a. 2rad/sec
b. 4rad/sec
c. 6rad/sec
d. 5rad/sec
Projectile Motion
Projectile motion follows a parabolic trajectory.
The vertical component of projectile is under
constant gravitational acceleration and the
horizontal component is at constant velocity.
For easy handling, resolve the motion into x
and y components and use the formulas in
rectilinear translation.
Projectile Motion
Horizontal displacement:
x v 0 t cos
Vertical displacement:
1 2
y v 0 t sin gt
2
General Equation of Projectile:
gx 2
h x tan
2(v 0 cos ) 2
Projectile Motion
time taken to reach the highest point:
t H v0 sin / g
time of flight:
t R 2v 0 sin / g
range :
R v 0 2 sin(2) / g v 0 t R cos
maximum height:
h (v 0 sin ) 2 / (2g)
Example Problem
A baseball is thrown from a horizontal plane
following a parabolic path with an initial
velocity of 100m/s at an angle of 30o above
the horizontal. Determine
a) the time it takes to attain maximum height
b) the time it takes to go back in its original
level
c) maximum height
Solution
a) Determine the time it takes to attain
maximum height
v sin (100m / s) sin 30o
tH
2
g
9.81m / s
t H 5.097s
Solution
b) Determine the time it takes to go back in its
original level
2v sin 2(100m / s) sin 30

tR
2
g
9.81m / s
t R 10.19s
Solution
c) Determine the maximum height
v sin
2g
100m / s(sin 30 )
h
o
2(9.81m / s 2 )
h 127.42m
Problem #9
A baseball is thrown from a horizontal plane
following a parabolic path with an initial
velocity of 100m/s at an angle of 30o above
the horizontal. How far from the throwing
point will the ball attain its original level?
a. 890m
b. 883m
c. 880m
d. 875m
Problem #10
A missile is fired with a speed of 100fps in a
direction 30o above the horizontal. Determine
the maximum height to which it rises.
a. 59ft
b. 39ft
c. 29ft
d. 49ft
Problem #11
A projectile is fired with the initial velocity of
60m/s upward at an angle of 30o to the
horizontal from a point 80m above a level
plain. What horizontal distance will it cover
before it strikes the plane?
a. 534m
b. 422m
c. 639m
d. 345m
Centrifugal Force
Whenever a body rotates about an axis at a
speed of , there exists a force called
centrifugal inertia force directed away from
the axis of rotation.
Fc = mv2/r
Problem #12
A 50,000N car travelling with a speed of 150kph
rounds a curve whose radius is 150m. Find the
centrifugal force.
a. 65kN
b. 38kN
c. 70kN
d. 59kN
Banking of Highway Curves

Consider a car of weight W that makes a
horizontal turn on a curve of radius r while
traveling at a certain velocity V. The curve is
banked at an angle with the horizontal so
that there is no tendency to slide up or down
the road.
tan = v2/(gr)
Banking of Highway Curves

Consider a car of weight W that makes a horizontal
turn on a curve of radius r while traveling at a
certain velocity V. The curve is banked at an angle
with the horizontal so that there is no tendency
to slide up or down the road.
tan = v2/(gr)
tan = f(coefficient of friction)
tan( + ) = v2/(gr)
Problem #13
Determine the angle of bank necessary for a car
to make it around a 75m frictionless curve at a
speed of 32m/s.
a. 1.39o
b. 19.23o
c. 35.17o
d. 54.30o
Problem #14
Suppose you want to negotiate a curve with a
radius of 50 meters and a bank angle of 15o. If
the coefficient of friction between your tires
and the pavement is 0.50, what is the
maximum speed that you can safely use?
a. 10.86m/s
b. 15.86m/s
c. 20.86m/s
d. 25.86m/s
Collision
Refers to the mutual action of the molecules,
atoms and etc., whenever they encounter one
another.
1. Elastic Collision is a collision w/c
conserves kinetic energy
2. Inelastic Collision is a collision w/c does
not conserve energy
3. Perfectly Inelastic Collision is the collision
w/c the object sticks together afterward.
Coefficient of Restitution
Is defined as the ratio of the relative velocities of
colliding bodies after impact to their velocities
before impact, e is always positive.
e = relative velocity of recession / relative
velocity of approach = (v2 v1)/(v1 v2)
where:
e = 0 (perfectly elastic)
e = 1 (perfectly inelastic)
e = (hr/ho)
Problem #15
A ball is dropped from a height of 20m upon a
stationary slab. If the coefficient of restitution
is 0.40, how high will the ball rebound?
a. 3.2m
b. 4.6m
c. 5.2m
d. 8.0m

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Mechanics

2v sin 2(100m / s) sin 30

Banking of Highway Curves

Banking of Highway Curves

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