LU 8-12 TEST2-PREP ASSIGNMENT + SOLUTION

1. A person going for a walk follows the path shown in the figure below. The total trip consists of four straight line paths. At
the end of the walk, what is the magnitude and direction of the resultant displacement measured from the starting point?
[6]

R x  100  0  150 cos 30  200 cos 60  129.9m

R y  0  300  150 sin 30  200 sin 60  201.8m
R  (129.9) 2  (201.8) 2  239.99m
Ry  201.8 
tan      tan 1    57.23 South of West or 57.23 below negative x - axis
0 0

Rx  129.9 
2. Consider the following diagram. Make use of the method of vector components and calculate the:
a. Magnitude and direction of the resultant of the forces. [9]
b. Resultant vector difference C – D of the forces below. [4]

B=30N A=50N

30O
50 o

40o 80o
C=80N D=70N

a.
R x  50 sin 50  70 sin 80  30 sin 30  80 sin 40  173.66 N
R y  50 cos 50  70 cos 80  30 cos 30  80 cos 40  55.28 N

R  R x  R y  (173.66) 2  (55.28) 2  182.25 N

2 2

55.28
  tan 1  17.66 0 N of E
173.66
b.
R x  80 sin 40  70 sin 80  15  51  17.51N
R y  80 cos 40  (70 cos 80)  61.28  13.16  73.44 N

R  R x  R y  (17.51) 2  (73.44) 2  75.50 N

2 2

73.44
  tan 1  76.59
 17.51
 3. A grasshopper makes four jumps. The displacement vectors are 27.0 cm, due west; then 23.0 cm, 65.0° west of
south; then 28.0 cm, 55.0° south of east; and 35.0 cm, 63.0° north of east. Find the magnitude and direction of the
resultant displacement. [8]
Rx  Ax  Bx  C x  27  23 cos 25  28 cos 55  35 cos 63  15.895cm
R y  Ay  B y  C y  0  23 sin 25  28 sin 55  35 sin 63  1.471m

R  Rx  R y  (15.895) 2  (1.471) 2  15.96cm

2 2

Ry  10.33
  tan 1  tan 1  5.29 o S of W
Rx  8.15

4. In a track competition, two athletes, Sipho and Thabo, are running at constant speed of 8 ms-1. Thabo is in front and 120
m from the finishing line, whilst Sipho is 10 m behind Thabo. What is the minimum acceleration that Sipho needs in
order to win? [5]
1
S T  uT t  aT t 2  120  8t  0  t  15s
2
S S  u S t  a S t 2  130  8  15  a15  a  0.089m / s 2
1 1 2

2 2

5. A stone is thrown from the top of building with an initial speed of 20 m/s straight upward. The building is 50 m
high, and the stone just misses the edge of the roof on its way down. Determine: [15]
a. the velocity and the displacement of the stone at t = 5 s,
b. the velocity of the stone when it hits the ground,
c. the total time the stone is in the air.

a. v  u  at  20  (9.8)(5)  29m / s, and,

1 1
s  ut  gt 2  20  5  (9.8)(5) 2  22.5m
2 2
b. v   u 2  2as   (20) 2  2(9.8)(50)  37.15m / s
1 2 1
c. s  ut  gt  50  20t  (9.8)t 2  4.9t 2  20t  50  0
2 2
 b  b 2  4ac
Using quadratic equation, t  we get : t  5.83s
2a

6. In a bicycle race, the leader is travelling with a constant speed of 11.1 m/s and is 10 m ahead of the second-place
cyclist. The second-place cyclist has a speed of 9.5 m/s before he starts accelerating at 1.2 m/s 2. Calculate the
amount of time that elapses before the second-place cyclist catches the leader. [5]
1
s 2 nd  s1st  10  9.5t  (1.2)t 2  11.1t  0.6t 2  1.6t  10  0
2
 b  b 2  4ac
Using quadratic equation, t  we get : t  5.63s
2a
7. A woman on a 75.0 m high bridge sees a raft floating at a constant speed on the river below. She drops a stone from rest in
an attempt to hit the raft. The stone is released when the raft has 7.00 m more to travel before passing under the bridge.
The stone hits the water 4.00 m in front of the raft. Find the constant speed of the raft. [5]

The raft travels a distance of 7.00 m - 4.00 m = 3.00 m

1 2 2s 2(75)
s  ut  at  t    3.91s
2 a (9.8)
s  ut  3.00  u (3.91)  u  0.767 m / s
8. A model rocket is launched from rest and moves upward with an acceleration of 12 m.s-2 until it reaches a height of 26 m,
at which point the engine shuts off and it continue its flight in freefall.
a. What is the velocity of the rocket when the engine shuts off? [3]
b. How long, after the rocket shuts down, is the velocity of the rocket down 7 m/s? [3]
a.
v 2  u 2  2as
v 2  0 2  2(12)(26)
 v  24.98m / s

b.
v  u  at
 7  24.98  9.8t
 t  3.26 s

9. What is the shortest distance in which a car going 30 m/s can stop on a level roadway if the maximum friction coefficient
(the static coefficient) between its tires and the pavement is 0.75? [4]

 Fy  0  F  mg N

 F  ma   f  ma  
x k FN  ma
   k mg  ma  a    k g  0.75  9.8  7.35m / s 2
v 2  u 2  2as
v2  u2 0  30 2
s   61.22m
2a 2(7.35)
10. A coin of mass m at rest on a book that has been tilted at an angle θ with the horizontal. By experimenting, you find that
when θ is increased to 300, the coin is on the verge of sliding down the book, which means that even a slight increase
beyond 300 produces sliding.
FN f

300
Wx Wy

W
a.

a. Draw the free body diagram of the coin. [3]

b. What is the coefficient of static friction between the coin and the book [5]

b.
F y  0  FN  mg cos 30  0  FN  mg cos 30
F x  ma  mg sin 30  f s  0  mg sin 30   s mg cos 30  0
mg sin 30
 s   tan 30  0.577
mg cos 30
11. A cord passing over a pulley has a 7 kg mass hanging from one end and a 9 kg mass hanging from the other, as shown.
Find the acceleration of the masses and the tension in the cord. [5]

7 kg
9 kg
F y  ma  T  W7 kg  ma  T  68.6  7a...................(1)
F y  ma  W9 kg  T  ma  T  88.2  9a...................(2)
(1)  (2) we get  68.6  7a  88.2  9a
 16a  19.6  a  1.225m / s 2 , and T  88.2  9(1.225)  77.18 N

12. Find the acceleration of the blocks in the figure, and the tension in the cord:
(a) if the friction is negligible, (b) if =0.15. [9]

FN T

5 kg 7kg 350
Wx Wy

35o W
a.
F x  ma  T  mg sin 35  ma  T  28.11  5a...................(1)
F y  ma  mg  T  ma  T  68.6  7a.............................(2)
(1)  (2) we get  28.11  5a  68.6  7a  a  3.37 m / s 2
T  28.11  5(3.37)  44.96 N

b.
F y  0  FN  m5 g cos 35  0  FN  40.14
F x  m5 a  T  f k  m5 g sin 35  m5 a
 T  0.15  40.14  5  9.8  sin 35  5a  T  34.13  5a...................(1)
F y  m7 a  m7 g  T  m7 a  T  68.6  7a...................(2)

(1)  (2) we get  34.13  5a  68.6  7a

 12a  34.47  a  2.87 m / s 2
T  34.13  5(2.87)  48.48 N
 13. How large a force parallel to a 30 0 incline is needed to give a 5.0-kg box an acceleration of 2.0 m/s2 up the incline,
if the coefficient of friction is 0.30? [5]

F y  0  FN  mg cos 30  0  FN  5  9.8 cos 30  42.44 N

F x  ma  F  W sin 30  f k  5  2
 F  5  25  9.8 sin 30  (0.3  42.44)  47.23N

14. A 60 kg skier coasts down a 10 m high slope. The speed of the skier at the top of the slope is 5 m/s.
a. If friction is negligible, what is the speed of the skier at the bottom of the slope? [3]
b. If friction retards her motion by doing –2500 J of work, what is her speed at the bottom of the slope? [3]
a.
1 1 1 1
Ei  E f  mvi  mghi  mv f  mgh f  (60)v f  (60)(9.8)(0)  (60)(5)2  (60)(9.8)(10)
2 2 2

2 2 2 2
v f  14.87 m / s

b.
1 1 1 1
Wnc  mv f  mv i  mg (h f  hi )  2500  (60)(v f )  (60)(5) 2  60  9.8(0  10)
2 2 2

2 2 2 2
v f  11.73m / s

15. A 10.0-kg crate slides along a horizontal frictionless surface at a constant speed of 4.0 m/s. The crate then slides down a
frictionless incline from A to B and across a second horizontal rough surface from B to C and he crate come rest at point
C as shown in the figure below.

a. What is the kinetic energy of the crate as it slides on the lower surface at point B? [4]
b. What minimum coefficient of kinetic friction is required to bring the crate to a stop over a distance of 5.0 m along the
lower rough surface B to C? [5]
c. Calculate the net work done by weight of the block as it slide down an inclined surface from A to B. [4]
d. Calculate the net work done as the block slide through a rough horizontal surface. [4]
a.
1 1 1 1
Ei  E f  mvi  mghi  mv f  mgh f  (10)(4)2  (10)(9.8)(3)  (10)v f  (10)(9.8)(0)
2 2 2

2 2 2 2
 v f  8.65m / s
1 1
 KE f  mv f  (10)(8.65)2  374 J
2

2 2
b.
Wnc  KE  PE
1 0.5(10)(0  8.65 2 )
( f k Cos  ) s  m( v f  v i )  f k   74.82 N
2 2

2 (Cos180)  5
F y  0  FN  mg  0  FN  mg  (10)(9.8)  98 N
f k 74.82
f k   k FN   k    0.76
FN 98
c. Wgravity  mgh f  mghi  (10)(9.8)(3)  (10)(9.8)(0)  294 J
1 1 1 1
Wnet  mv f  mv i  (10)(0) 2  (10)(8.65) 2  374.11J
2 2
d.
2 2 2 2
16. What is the magnitude of the gravitational force acting on a 79.5-kg student due to a 60.0-kg student sitting 0.225 m away
in the lecture hall? If the distance was allowed to decrease to a hundredth of its initial value, what force would act?

m1m2 79.5  60
F G 2
 6.672 10 11 2
 6.28 10 6 N
r 0.225
If r reduces a 100 times fold, F increases by 100 2 = 10 000 x F1, giving F = 6.28 x 10-2 N [4]

17. A pitched 140g baseball, in horizontal flight with initial speed of 39.0 m/s, is struck by a bat. After leaving the bat, the
ball travels in the opposite direction with final speed of 39 m/s.

a. What impulse acts on the ball while it is in contact with the bat during the collision? [3]
b. The impact time for the baseball-bat collision is 0.00120s. What average force acts on the baseball? [3]

a.
J  mv f  mvi
 0.140kg39m / s  (39m / s)  [3]
 10.92kg.m / s

b.
J  Ft
J 10.92kg.m / s
F   9100 N [3]
t 0.0012 s

18. A small compact car with mass 1000 kg is traveling north on Cassandra Avenue with a speed of 15 m/s. At the
intersection of Cassandra and Penelope Avenue it collides with an enormous luxury car with mass 2000 kg, traveling east
on Penelope Avenue at 10 m/s. If the collision is perfectly inelastic (they stick together after the collision), find the
direction and magnitude of their final velocity.

 Pix   Pfx
m1v1ix  m2 v 2ix  (m1  m2 )v fx
0  (2000)(10)  (1000  2000)v fx  20000  3000v fx v fx  6.67 m / s
 Piy   Pfy
m1v1iy  m2 v 2iy  (m1  m2 )v fy [7]

(1000)(15)  0  (1000  2000)v fy  15000  3000v fy v fy  5.00m / s

Hence v f  (6.67) 2  (5.00) 2  8.34m / s
v yf 5.00
tan     0.75    36.86 o N of E
v xf 6.67