Signs and Symbols: A. Background
Signs and Symbols: A. Background
A. Background
Language is the method of expressing ideas and emotions in the form of signs
and symbols. These signs and symbols are used to encode and decode the
information. There are many languages spoken in the world. The first language
learned by a baby is his or her mother tongue. It is the language, which he or she
listens to from his or her birth. Any other language learned or acquired is known as
the second language.
Second language acquisition or SLA is the process of learning other languages
in addition to the native language. For instance, a child who speaks Hindi as the
mother tongue starts learning English when he starts going to school. English is
learned by the process of second language acquisition. In fact, a young child can learn
a second language faster than an adult can learn the same language.
Though most scholars use the terms language learning and language
acquistion interchangeably, actually these terms differ. Language learning refers to
the formal learning of a language in the classroom. On the other hand, language
acquisition means acquiring the language with little or no formal training or learning.
There are several things to consideration when teaching a second language.
These factors may include the language spoken at home, the willingness of the
learner, the reason to learn the second language (i.e., learning at school, for work, to
talk to friends or others).
Though all the students of second language acquisition go through the same
stages of learning, the period of learning varies. Students can learn better by
responding to pictures and visuals. Attention to listening comprehension and building
a receptive and active vocabulary is essential.
B. The Problems
1. What is SLA ?
2. What is second language ?
3. What is the goal of SLA ?
C. The Purpose
1. To know does SLA should be mastered ?
CHAPTER II
A The defintion of Second Language Acquisition (SLA)
Muriel Saville-Troike (2006: 3) defined the scope of SLA as
concerned with any phenomenainvolved in learning an L2.Sometimes it is
necessary to make furtherdistinctions according to the function the L2 will
serve in daily lives, sincethis may significantly affect what will be
learnt.Second language acquisition or SLA is the process of learning other
languages in addition to the native language. For instance, a child who speaks
Hindi as the mother tongue starts learning English when
he starts going to
situations,
or
studied
as
Where learners have little opportunity to meet and use the L2 outside
the classroom, it isvery important that L2 use is maximised in the classroom.
One obvious way to do this iscarry out classroom management in the L2,
English. Classroom management involvesthings like telling the class what to
do, controllingbehaviour, explaining activities. This requires a little bit
ofcareful thought by the teacher so that the vocabulary and structures used in
the language ofclassroom management are also generally useful. If the use of
English in classroommanagement is done in a planned, consistent way, then
classroom management can be avery effective opportunity for learning
through meaning focused input.A very useful pieceof classroom-based
research would be to identify through observation the functions andforms of
the language of classroom management, and then devise a classified list of
usefulsentences that make use of generally high frequency words and
grammatical structures. Inthis way the role of the L1 in classroom
management can be minimized and the role of theL2 increased.
In classrooms where the learners all share the same L1 or national
language, there is atendency for tasks which should be done in the L2 such as
conversation activities,discussion of intensive reading, preparation for writing
etc to be done in the L1. There aremany reasons for this L1 use. Firstly it is
more natural to use the L1 with others who havethe same L1. Secondly, it is
easier and more communicatively effective to use the L1, andthirdly, using the
L2 can be a source of embarrassment particularly for shy learners andthose
who feel they are not very proficient in the L2.Towards the end of this article
we willlook at a range of options for overcoming this reluctance to use the L2,
because as a generalpolicy it is important to have strong strands of L2
meaning focused use and fluencydevelopment in a course.
Brain growth
The fact that language centres in the brain actually grow is one of the
major benefits of learning a second language.The better you learn, the
more those vital areas of the brain grow (Mrtensson et al., 2012).
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Better multi-tasking
Bilingual people can switch from one task to another more quickly.They
show more cognitive flexibility and find it easier to adapt to unexpected
circumstances (Gold et al., 2013)
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CHAPTER III
A Conclusion
SLA is study about process learning of language where people learn
about the L2 after their first language. It involves many langugae widely.
Second language is used for education, employment, and many other purposes
that can be used by L2. Moreover second language could be used as the
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national language of the certain country after the first language or foreign
language which is learn by some peope who need foreign language as their
abilty or need. The role of second language as classroom management, devise
a classified list of useful sentences and can be a source of embarrassment
particularly for shy learners and those who feel they are not very proficient in
the L2. SLA also not focused on has not focused on the communicative aspect
of language development but on the formal features