Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom Animalia
9 10 Million species
800,000 identified
36 official Phyla
108 classes
Mostly marine, few are in fresh water, fewer are
in land
Made up of organic molecules
Capable of Growth
Capable of reproduction
Irritable
Have a definite size and shape
Mostly motile
I. PHYLUM: ACANTHOCEPHALA
(Gr) akanthos= thorn + kephale= head
II.
3 CLASSES:
1.Class: Hirudinea
- Terrestrial
- Monoecious
- Segmentation inconspicuous
- Example:
o Hirudo Verbana
Thorny/spiny-headed worms
o Hirudo Medicinalis
With eversible proboscis
2.Class: Olygochaeta
1150 species
- Terrestrial
Parasitic members
- Monoecious
Found in invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, birds,
- Segmentation conspicuous
3.Class: Polychaeta
mammals
- Marine
Example:
- Dioecious
- Macrachanthorhyncus hirudinaceous
- Segmentation conspicuous
PHYLUM: ANNELIDA (segmented animals)
III.
PHYLUM:
BRYOZOA Moss Animals
(Annelus=a ring; segmented worms)
AKA Polyzoa, Ectoprocta
Moss animals
With fine bristle like setae for locomotion
Mostly marine, few are in fresh and brackish
Digestive tract complete
waters
Metanephridia for excretion
Mostly colonial (zooids)
Hydrostatic skeleton
5000 species
Circulatory system: with hemoglobin and other
Example:
pigments
- Triphyllozoon Trifoliatum
Has 5 hearts
Employ cutaneous respiration
IV. PHYLULM: CNIDARIA/COELENTERATA
Animal body is soft, elongated, bilateral, flattened. (two-layered animals)
(koilos=hollow; enteron= gut)
Body is divided into segments by rings like
groove and annule.
10,000 species
Body bears locomotory appendages, parapodia,
With Cnidocytes/Namatocysts
setae.
Symmetry: Radial
Alimentary canal is complete, straight and
No anus, head or other organ systems
extends from mouth to anus. These are first
animals to have true body cavity.
With gastrovascular cavity
The specialized cells called metanephridia helps
Habitat: Aquatic
in excretion.
Stages/ Body types:
Closed circulatory system has appeared and
1. Polyp- vase shaped
nervous system starts developing.
2.Medusa- umbrella shaped (ex. Sea Anemone)
Reproduction occurs by sexual means. Sexes may
They may be solitary or colonial.
be separate (unisexual) or united
They have tissue level of organization but lacks
(hermaphroditic).
organ and organ system. Symmetry is radial.
V.
2 CLASSES:
1.
CLASS: ADENOPHOREA
- Without phasmids
- Egg with bipolar plugs
- Anterior end with stichocytes
- Caudal end has no papillae/spines
- Example:
o Trichuris Trichiura
2.
CLASS: SECERNENTEA
- With phasmids
- Egg without bipolar plugs
- Caudal end with papillae/spines
VI.
- Example:
o Anisakis Simplex
o Ascaris Lumbricoides (intestinal
sound-worm)
o Dracunculus Medinensis
o Loa loa
o Tubatrix Aceti
o Wuchereia Bancrofti (elephant)
PHYLUM: PORIFERA (sponges)
( Porus=pore; ferre=bear; sponges)
4 CLASSES:
1. CLASS: CALCAREA
- Calcareous spicules
- Exclusively marine (Tropical)
- <10cm tall
- 400 species
- Examples:
o Clathrina Clathrus
o Scypha
2. CLASS: DEMOSPONGJAE
- 81% of sponge species
- Endoskeleton= Si spicules + spongin
fibers
- Marine and fresh water
- <1m in width
- Example:
o Boring Sponge
o Ianthella basta
o Phakellia
3. CLASS: HEXACTINELLIDA (6 spines)
- Phylum Symplasma
- Siliceous spicules
- Exclusively marine
- Habitat in 450-900 m (Antarctic and N.
Pacific)
- 10-30 cm in height
- Example:
o Euplectella
o Staurocalyptus
4. CLASS: SCLEROSPONGIA
- Coralline sponges
- Endoskeleton= CaCO3
- Long lived: 500 1000 years
- Exclusively marine
- Example:
o Chalinula Nematifera
Sponge Development
zygote free swimming larva, interted
luna, sessile stage
VII.
Symmetry: bilateral
Very thin and flat
Triploblastic
Acoelomate
Gut is blind-ended
Marine, fresh water, terrestrial
These are most primitive, soft, leaf or ribbon like
organisms without segmentation.
These are mostly parasites, few are free living.
They attach to the host by suckers or hooks.
They are the first animals to have third primary
germ layer, this shows tissue differentiation
leading to organ formation.
Digestive track is incomplete. They have flamecells for excretion.
They are mostly hermaphrophite (bisexual).
First animals to have a head.
Example:
Diplyidium Caninum
Diphyllobothrium Latum
Dugesia (Planaria)
Fasciola (Liver Fluke)
Faciolopsis Buski
Fasciola Spp.
Liver Fluke
Paragonimus
Schistosoma Spp.
Taenia Solium
Taenia Saginata
Taenia Solium (Tape Worms)
3 CLASSES:
1. CLASS: CESTODA
- Parasitic
- Monoecious
- Example:
o Diplyidium Caninum
o Diphyllobothrium Latum (sushi)
o Taenia Saginata (meat/beef)
o Taenia Solium (bbq)
2.CLASS: TREMATODA
- Parasitic
- Mostly monoecious
- Example:
o Faciolopsis Buski
o Fasciola Spp.
o Paragonimus
o Schistosoma spp.
3.CLASS: TURBELLARIA
- Free-living
- Marine, fresh water, terrestrial
- Monoecious
- Example:
o Dugesia