Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 134 views

    Experiment 3 Frequency Modulator: 1 Theory

    Uploaded by

    reganoct
    The document describes an experiment on building a frequency modulator circuit using an LM565 PLL integrated circuit. It includes: 1) Instructions for obtaining the LM565 datasheet and building the circuit according to a provided diagram. 2) Equations for calculating the modulator sensitivity and frequency deviation based on the circuit components and message signal parameters. 3) Procedural steps to adjust the carrier frequency, calculate sensitivity, connect a message signal to produce a desired frequency deviation, and observe the input and output waveforms on an oscilloscope. 4) A section for group members to document their names, calculations, observations, and conclusions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Experiment 3 Frequency Modulator: 1 Theory

    Uploaded by

    reganoct
    134 views7 pages
    The document describes an experiment on building a frequency modulator circuit using an LM565 PLL integrated circuit. It includes: 1) Instructions for obtaining the LM565 datasheet and building the circuit according to a provided diagram. 2) Equations for calculating the modulator sensitivity and frequency deviation based on the circuit components and message signal parameters. 3) Procedural steps to adjust the carrier frequency, calculate sensitivity, connect a message signal to produce a desired frequency deviation, and observe the input and output waveforms on an oscilloscope. 4) A section for group members to document their names, calculations, observations, and conclusions.

    Original Description:

    lab experiment

    Original Title

    Experiment 3

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document describes an experiment on building a frequency modulator circuit using an LM565 PLL integrated circuit. It includes: 1) Instructions for obtaining the LM565 datasheet and building the circuit according to a provided diagram. 2) Equations for calculating the modulator sensitivity and frequency deviation based on the circuit components and message signal parameters. 3) Procedural steps to adjust the carrier frequency, calculate sensitivity, connect a message signal to produce a desired frequency deviation, and observe the input and output waveforms on an oscilloscope. 4) A section for group members to document their names, calculations, observations, and conclusions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    134 views7 pages

    Experiment 3 Frequency Modulator: 1 Theory

    Uploaded by

    reganoct
    The document describes an experiment on building a frequency modulator circuit using an LM565 PLL integrated circuit. It includes: 1) Instructions for obtaining the LM565 datasheet and building the circuit according to a provided diagram. 2) Equations for calculating the modulator sensitivity and frequency deviation based on the circuit components and message signal parameters. 3) Procedural steps to adjust the carrier frequency, calculate sensitivity, connect a message signal to produce a desired frequency deviation, and observe the input and output waveforms on an oscilloscope. 4) A section for group members to document their names, calculations, observations, and conclusions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    EED3014 Analog Electronics- 2013 Spring

    Experiment 3

    Group No

    Grade

    Student number
    and name
    Student number
    and name
    Student number
    and name

    Experiment 3
    Frequency Modulator
    Preliminary Work
    1. Obtain the datasheet of LM565 PLL integrated circuit. Groups without datasheet will
    get less credit.
    2. No other preliminary work will be submitted for this laboratory.
    ATTENTION
    Each group will submit only one report which will be completed on this experiment
    document.

    THEORY

    In amplitude modulation, the amplitude of the carrier is modulated by a message signal, hence
    the amplitude variations of the message signal directly changes the modulated wave. Since
    noise is modelled as additive noise, this property of AM becomes a disadvantage. However, in
    frequency modulation, the information signal is impressed on the carrier signal frequency.
    FM generation is relatively easy. A linear voltage-to-frequency is needed in order to obtain
    FM signal. This can be achieved using a voltage controlled oscillator. In this experiment LM565
    PLL integrated circuits internal VCO will be used. In Fig. 1, a frequency modulator circuit
    can be seen. The frequency of the VCO output of LM565 is given as:
    f=

    2.4(Vcc Vc )
    Rt Ct Vcc

    (1)

    where Rt is the timing resistance on pin 8, Ct is the timing capacitance on pin 9,V (cc) is the
    power supply voltage and V (c) is the control voltage on pin 7.
    When the datasheet of LM565 is examined, it is observed that the voltage of pin 7 must be
    between 4 and 5 V. Thus the information signal must have a DC offset. The capacitor C3 and
    resistor R3 , which constitute a DC block, control pin 7 voltage. Observing the Eq. 1, the VCO
    frequency decreases as DC voltage rises and increases as DC voltage falls.
    Considerable amount of RF signal from VCO may leak out of pin 7 of LM565. Components
    R6 and C4 form a low-pass filter to prevent this RF energy from passing back to the audio
    input.
    1

    EED3014 Analog Electronics- 2013 Spring

    Experiment 3

    Figure 1: Frequency modulator employing LM565

    Vaverage
    LM565 Pin 7
    voltage

    Modulator Sensitivity
    The modulator sensitivity of frequency with respect to the control voltage can be found by differentiating the Eq. 1 with respect to control voltage Vc where Vc = vm (t) + DC control voltage.
    K0 =

    2.4
    dF
    =
    (Hz/V)
    dVc
    Rt Ct Vcc

    (2)

    The minus sign indicates that positive message voltage decreases VCO frequency.

    Frequency Deviation
    The amount of frequency deviation produced by VCO is proportional to the amplitude of the
    message signal. The amount of deviation can be predicted using the following equation.
    = Vm K0 Hz

    (3)

    where K0 is the modulator sensitivity in Hz/Volt, Vm is the peak value of message signal and
    is the deviation or peak frequency swing.

    PROCEDURE
    a. Build the circuit in Fig. 1. Do not connect anything to the AF INPUT yet.
    2

    EED3014 Analog Electronics- 2013 Spring

    Experiment 3

    b. Connect the FM output of the circuit to the oscilloscope. Adjust R3 until a 100kHz carrier
    wave is obtained. The shape of output of VCO must be a square wave.
    c. Calculate K0 , the modulator sensitivity using Eq. 2(Show all necessary calculation steps.)

    K0 (calculated)=
    d. Now connect a signal generator to the AF INPUT. Adjust it for 5kHz frequency, and
    correct peak voltage for 10 kHz deviation. (Use the result from step c). Calculate and
    note the peak value below.(Show all necessary calculation steps.)

    vpeak =
    e. Connect scope channel 1 to the AF INPUT, and scope channel 2 to the FM OUTPUT.
    Record the graph below. Do not forget to indicate the important points like peak voltage
    and period on the figure. Can you see the frequency deviation?

    EED3014 Analog Electronics- 2013 Spring

    Experiment 3

    Volt/div=
    time/div=
    Figure 2: AF Input versus FM Output

    EED3014 Analog Electronics- 2013 Spring

    3
    3.1

    Experiment 3

    Conclusion
    Student Name and ID:

    EED3014 Analog Electronics- 2013 Spring

    3.2

    Experiment 3

    Student Name and ID:

    EED3014 Analog Electronics- 2013 Spring

    3.3

    Experiment 3

    Student Name and ID:

    You might also like