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    WRI7 - 8 - 9 - Hydrograph Analysis, Unit Hydrograph, S-Hydrograph, Numerical Problems

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    mustafa
    This document discusses hydrograph analysis and unit hydrographs. It begins by defining a hydrograph as a graphical plot of discharge over time, showing the response of a watershed to rainfall. Key components of a hydrograph like the rising limb, peak, and recession limb are identified. Parameters like lag time, time to peak, and recession time are also discussed. Methods for separating base flow from direct runoff on a hydrograph are presented. The document then introduces the concept of a unit hydrograph, which models the runoff from 1 cm of rainfall of a given duration. Examples are provided for constructing flood hydrographs using unit hydrographs and S-hydrographs, which model runoff from multiple rainfall periods.

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    WRI7 - 8 - 9 - Hydrograph Analysis, Unit Hydrograph, S-Hydrograph, Numerical Problems

    Uploaded by

    mustafa
    467 views13 pages
    This document discusses hydrograph analysis and unit hydrographs. It begins by defining a hydrograph as a graphical plot of discharge over time, showing the response of a watershed to rainfall. Key components of a hydrograph like the rising limb, peak, and recession limb are identified. Parameters like lag time, time to peak, and recession time are also discussed. Methods for separating base flow from direct runoff on a hydrograph are presented. The document then introduces the concept of a unit hydrograph, which models the runoff from 1 cm of rainfall of a given duration. Examples are provided for constructing flood hydrographs using unit hydrographs and S-hydrographs, which model runoff from multiple rainfall periods.

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    WRI7_8_9_Hydrograph Analysis, Unit Hydrograph, S-hydrograph, Numerical Problems

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    This document discusses hydrograph analysis and unit hydrographs. It begins by defining a hydrograph as a graphical plot of discharge over time, showing the response of a watershed to rainfall. Key components of a hydrograph like the rising limb, peak, and recession limb are identified. Parameters like lag time, time to peak, and recession time are also discussed. Methods for separating base flow from direct runoff on a hydrograph are presented. The document then introduces the concept of a unit hydrograph, which models the runoff from 1 cm of rainfall of a given duration. Examples are provided for constructing flood hydrographs using unit hydrographs and S-hydrographs, which model runoff from multiple rainfall periods.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    467 views13 pages

    WRI7 - 8 - 9 - Hydrograph Analysis, Unit Hydrograph, S-Hydrograph, Numerical Problems

    Uploaded by

    mustafa
    This document discusses hydrograph analysis and unit hydrographs. It begins by defining a hydrograph as a graphical plot of discharge over time, showing the response of a watershed to rainfall. Key components of a hydrograph like the rising limb, peak, and recession limb are identified. Parameters like lag time, time to peak, and recession time are also discussed. Methods for separating base flow from direct runoff on a hydrograph are presented. The document then introduces the concept of a unit hydrograph, which models the runoff from 1 cm of rainfall of a given duration. Examples are provided for constructing flood hydrographs using unit hydrographs and S-hydrographs, which model runoff from multiple rainfall periods.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 13

    Hydrograph analysis, unit

    hydrograph, S-hydrograph,
    numerical problems
    Water resources and irrigation

    Hydrograph
    Hydrograph is graphical plot of discharge versus time in chronological
    order.
    Variations of discharge (stream flow) with time at a particular point of
    stream.
    The hydrograph is the response of a given catchment (or watershed)
    to a rainfall input - we can find out the rainfall-runoff relationship and
    different properties.
    Important in flood control, flood forecasting and considering design
    flows for hydraulic structures.

    Hydrograph
    Components of single peak
    hydrograph.
    1) Rising limb
    2) The peak
    3) Recession limb
    Time parameters for hydrological
    analysis:
    o Effective time duration (tre)
    o Lag time or basin lag (tl)
    o Time to peak (tp)
    o Time of concentration (tc)
    o Recession time (tr)
    o Time base of hydrograph (tb)

    Separation of base flow


    Three methods of separation of base flow and direct runoff in single
    peaked storm hydrograph.
    Straight line method
    Two line method
    Curves extension method

    A point can be easily identify but point D can not be easily located.
    Empirical equation for the time interval N from the peak to D point is
    = 0.827 0.2
    Where A = area of drainage basin in km2

    Another equation can be


    =
    Where, = time to peak
    a= constant between 2 to 4 (for small basin) and for large basin 4.

    Hydrograph

    Examples for computation of direct


    runoff from storm hydrograph

    Unit Hydrograph
    A unit hydrograph is a hydrograph representing 1 cm of runoff from a
    rainfall of some unit duration and specific areal distribution.
    Unit duration the duration of a runoff producing rainfall-excess.
    If a unit hydrograph results from a 3 hours unit rainfall duration, it is
    known as 3-hours unit hydrograph.
    Assumptions

    Construction of unit hydrograph

    Examples for finding unit hydrograph


    Application of unit hydrograph:
    1. Construction of flood hydrograph resulting from rainfall of unit
    duration.
    2. Construction of flood hydrograph resulting from two or more
    periods of rainfall.
    Examples related to above applications

    Construction of flood hydrograph resulting from rainfall of unit


    duration
    Construction of flood hydrograph resulting from two or more
    periods of rainfall

    S- Hydrograph (summation hydrograph)

    Construction of S hydrograph
    Construction of unit hydrograph of different unit
    duration from a unit duration of given duration.
    1. Construction of longer period unit hydrograph from given unit
    hydrograph of shorter duration.
    2. Construction of shorter or longer period unit hydrograph from given
    unit hydrograph.
    3. Examples related to above two applications

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