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TITOLO / Title
SITE MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION PROCEDURE
Client:
P.O.:
Items:
OFF.MARALDI BERTINORO JOB

ATI Tecnimont KT Kinetics Technology

IT-TPR-00-EPC1-113023 (7500040108)
40-VZ-3801 A/B SN 3612 SN 3613
B3-103

RIFERIMENTI / Origin

In accordance with :
ASME Code Section V Edition 2010 Add 2011
ASME Code Section VIII Div.2 Edition 2010 Add 2011
GS EP PVV 211 + ADDENDUM IT-TPR-00-EPC1-170001
GS EP PVV 611 + ADDENDUM IT-TPR-00-EPC1-130005
ITP: IT-TPR-40-EPC1-370670
ITP: IT-TPR-00-EPC1-718007
EN 9712

Demonstrated: PROCEDURE DEMONSTRATED ON 18-01-2011

Authorized Inspector

Approved and Certified to be in accordance with Article T-150 of Section V

Level III Examiner
G.POLIDORI
REVISIONE Nr.
Revision No.

DATA
Date

4
3
2
1
0

28-09-2016
23-05-2016
24-02-2016
19-01-2016
22-01-2015

PARAGRAFI
REVISIONATI

APROVATA DA
Approved by

Revised paragraphs
Issued for Construction
Issued For Construction
Issued For Construction
Final
FIRST ISSUE

G.QUERCETTI
A.BIONDI
A.BIONDI
A.BIONDI
A.BIONDI

G.POLIDORI
A.BIONDI
A.BIONDI
A.BIONDI
A.BIONDI

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1.0

SCOPE

When specified by the referencing Code Section, the magnetic particle examination techniques
described in this procedure shall be used.
The magnetic particle examination method is applied to
detect cracks and other
discontinuities on surfaces of ferromagnetic materials. The sensitivity is greatest for
surface discontinuities and diminishes rapidly with increasing depth of subsurface
discontinuities below the surface. Typical types of discontinuities that can be detected by this
method are cracks, laps, seams, cold shuts, and laminations.
In principle, this method involves magnetizing an area to be examined, and applying
ferromagnetic particles (the examination's medium) to the surface. The particles will form
patterns on the surface where the magnetic field is forced out of the part and over
discontinuities to cause leakage field to attracts the particles. Particle patterns are
usually characteristic of a type of discontinuity that is detected.
Whichever technique is used to produce the magnetic flux in the part, maximum sensitivity will
be to linear discontinuities oriented perpendicular to the lines of flux.
For optimum
effectiveness in detecting all types of discontinuities, each area should be examined at least
twice, with the lines of flux during one examination approximately perpendicular to the lines of
flux during the other.
The ferromagnetic particles used shall be wet, non-fluorescent. The Yoke technique shall be
used.
Materials, shapes, or sizes to be examined, and the extent of the examination shall be as per
approved drawings or Quality Control Plans.

WRITTEN PROCEDURE REQUIREMENTS

2.1
Requirements. Magnetic particle examination shall be performed in accordance with
this procedure, which shall, as a minimum, contain the requirements of the Table below. This
procedure shall establish a single value, or range of values for each requirement.
This procedure is valid for wet nonfluorescent particles with yoke technique with or without
contrast.

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UIREMENTS OF A MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION PROCEDURE

Requirement

Essential
Variable
X

Magnetizing Technique
Magnetizing current type or amperage outside range
specified by Section V, Article 7 or as previously X
qualified
Surface preparation
X
Magnetic particles (visible, color, particle size, wet/ dry
X

Nonessential
Variable

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Method of particle application

Method of excess particle removal
Minimum light intensity
Existing coatings, greater than the thickness
demonstrated
Performance demonstration, when required
Examination part surface temperature outside of the
temperature range recommended by the manufacturer
of the particles or as previously qualified
Shape or size of the examination object
Equipment of the same type
Temperature (within those specified by manufacturer or
as previously qualified)
Demagnetizing technique
Post examination cleaning technique
Personnel qualification requirements

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

Procedure Qualification. A change of a requirement in the above Table identified as an

essential variable from the specified single value, or range of values, shall require
requalification of this written procedure by demonstration. A change of a requirement identified
as a nonessential variable from the specified value, or range of values, does not require
requalification of this written procedure. All changes of essential or nonessential variables from
the value, or range of values, specified by this written procedure shall require revision of, or an
addendum to, the written procedure.
3.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION
3.1 Personnel who perform Magnetic Particle Examinations required by the Code
shall have been qualified, as a minimum, as level II MT in accordance with the
OFFICINE MARALDI BERTINORO S.p.A. Written Practice, which has been based
on the guidelines of ASNT-TC-1A,current applicable Code accepted edition or in
accordance to ISO 9712 (certification must be given by an independent body).
3.2 The personnel shall provide documentary evidence of satisfactory vision in
accordance with the following requirements:
Near vision acuity shall permit reading a minimum of Jaeger number 1 or Time
Roman N 4.5 or equivalent letters ( having a height of 1.6 mm) at not less than 30
cm with one or both eyes, either corrected or uncorrected .
Colour vision shall be sufficient that the personnel can distinguish and differentiate
contrast between the colours or shades of gray used in the NDT method as specified
by the employer.
4.0

TECHNIQUE

A suitable and appropriate means for producing the necessary magnetic flux in the part shall
be employed.
Officine Maraldi Bertinoro S.p.A. Site uses the A.C. Yoke technique. (-Yoke CGM G21
S.No7241 V AC or equivalent).
Application. The Yoke technique shall only be applied to detect discontinuities that are open
to the surface of the part.
Magnetizing Procedure. For this technique, alternating or direct current electromagnetic
yokes shall be used.

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4.1

Examination Medium

The finely divided ferromagnetic particles used for the examination shall meet the following
requirements.
(a) Particle Types. The particles shall be treated to impart color in order to make them highly
visible ( contrasting) against the background of the surface being examined.
(b) Particles. Wet particles, including wet particle suspension vehicles, and particle
concentrations shall be in accordance with SE-709 and T 765.
(c) Temperature Limitations. Particles shall be used within the temperature range limitations
set by the manufacturer of the particles.
The temperature of the wet particles and surface of the part shall be within 5C (46F) and
57C (135F).
Alternatively, particles may be used outside the manufacturer's recommendations providing the
procedure is qualified in accordance with Article 1, T-150 of Section V at the proposed
temperature.
(d) Contaminations. Both fluorescent and nonfluorescent suspensions shall be checked
periodically ( at least once per week) for contaminants such as dirt, scale, oil, lint, water ( in
case of oil suspension) and particle agglomerates which can adversely affect the performance
of the magnetic particle examination process.
The following materials are used by Officine Maraldi Bertinoro S.p.A. or
subcontractors
a)
Pulitore - Precleaner:
Velnet CGM or similar
b)
White Contrast Coating: Vecoplast (White) or similar
c)
Visible wet particles:
PAD 35/50 Black or similar
5.0

MISCELLANEOUS REQUIREMENTS

5.1

Surface Conditioning

OMB

5.1.1 Preparation.
(a) Satisfactory results are usually obtained when the surfaces to be examined are in
the
as-welded, as-rolled, as-cast, or as-forged conditions. However, surface preparation
by
grinding or machining
may be necessary where surface irregularities could mask
indications due to discontinuities.
(b) Prior to magnetic particle examination, the surface to be examined and all adjacent areas
within at least 1in. (25 mm) shall be dry and free of all dirt, grease, lint, scale, welding flux and
spatter, oil, or other extraneous matter that could interfere with the examination.
(c) Cleaning may be accomplished using detergents, organic solvents, descaling solutions,
paint removers, vapor degreasing, sand or grit blasting, or ultrasonic cleaning methods.
(d) If nonmagnetic coatings are left on the part in the area being examined, it shall be
demonstrated that indications can be detected through the existing maximum coating thickness
of 26 applied. The demonstration must be in accordance with Mandatory Appendix I of
Section V Article 7.
REQUIREMENTS OF AC YOKE TECHNIQUE ON COATED FERRITIC COMPONENT

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Minimum and maximum pole separation

Identification of the steps in performing the examination
Minimum light
intensity and AC yoke lifting power
requirements ( as measured in accordance with the
Technique Qualification)
Method of identifying flaw indications and discriminating
between flaw indications and false or nonrelevant
indications (e.g., magnetic writing or particles held by
surface irregularities)
Instructions for identification and confirmation of suspected
flaw indications
Method of measuring coating thickness
Recording criteria
Personnel qualification requirements unique to this
technique
Reference to the procedure qualification records

X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X

5.2
Nonmagnetic Surface Contrast Enhancement.
Nonmagnetic surface contrasts may be applied by the examiner to uncoated surfaces, only in
amounts sufficient to enhance particle contrast. When nonmagnetic surface contrast
enhancement is used, it shall be demonstrated that indications can be detected through the
enhancement. Thickness measurement of this nonmagnetic surface contrast enhancement is
not required.
If surface contrast enhancement coatings are to be applied, the procedure shall be
demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Authorized Inspector.
This procedure has been demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Authorize Inspector with
surface contrast enhancement coating Vecoplast with a thickness maximum of 24

6.0

TECHNIQUE

6.1

Techniques

A.C. Yoke technique shall be used.

6.1.2 Yoke technique
6.1.2 (a) Application. This method shall only be applied to detect discontinuities that are open
to the surface of the part.
6.1.2 (b) Magnetizing Procedure: For this technique alternating or direct current
electromagnetic yokes shall be used.
7.0

CALIBRATION
The Calibration certificate will be made by an external laboratory.

7.1

Frequency of Calibration

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7.1.1 Magnetizing Equipment

(a) Frequency. Magnetizing equipment with an ammeter shall be calibrated at least once a
year, or whenever the equipment has been subjected to major electric repair, periodic
overhaul, or damage. If equipment has not been in use for a year or more, calibration shall be
done prior to first use.
(b) Procedure: The accuracy of the units meter shall be verified annually by equipment
traceable to a national standard. Comparative readings shall be taken for at least three
different current output levels encompassing the usable range.
(c) Tolerance. The units meter reading shall not deviate by more than 10% of full scale,
relative to the actual current value as shown by the test meter.
7.1.2 Light Meters. Light meters shall be calibrated at least once a year or whenever the
meter has been repaired. If meters have not been in use for one year or more, calibration shall
be done before being used.
7.2
Lifting Power of Yokes
(a) Prior to use, the magnetizing power of electromagnetic yokes shall have been checked
within the past year. The magnetizing power of permanent magnetic yokes shall be checked
daily prior to use. The magnetizing power of all yokes shall be checked whenever the yoke has
been damaged or repaired.
(b) Each alternating current electromagnetic yoke shall have a lifting power of at least 10lb.
(4.5 kg) at the maximum pole spacing that will be used.
(c) Each weight shall be weighed with a scale from a reputable manufacturer and stenciled
with the applicable nominal weight prior to first use. A weight need only be verified again if
damaged in a manner that could have caused potential loss of material.
7.3

Magnetising Field Adequacy & Direction

7.3.1 Magnetic Field Adequacy. The applied magnetic field shall have sufficient strength to
produce satisfactory indications, but it shall not be so strong that it causes the masking of
relevant indications by non relevant accumulations of magnetic particles. Factors that influence
the required field strength include the size, shape, and material permeability of the part; the
technique of magnetization; coatings; the method of particle application; and the type and
location of discontinuities to be detected. To verify the adequacy of magnetic field strength
shall be verified with Pie-Shaped Magnetic Particle Field Indicator.
The indicator shall be positioned on the surface to be examined, such that the copper-plated
side is away from the inspected surface.
A suitable field strength is indicated when a clearly define line or lines of magnetic particles
form across the copper face of the indicator when magnetic particles are applied
simultaneously with the magnetizing force.
8.0

EXAMINATION

8.1

Preliminary Examination

Before the magnetic particle examination is conducted, a check of the examination surface
shall be conducted to locate any discontinuity surface openings which may not attract and hold
magnetic particles because of their width.
8.2

Direction of Magnetization

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At least two separate examinations shall be performed on each area. During the second
examination, the lines of magnetic flux shall be approximately perpendicular to those used
during the first examination.
8.3

Method of Examination

The ferromagnetic particles used in an examination medium shall be wet, and shall be
nonfluorescent. Examination(s) shall be done by the continuous method.
The product use PAD 35/50 BLACK CGM.
The application of the wet particles will be made by aerosol spray before and / or after
magnetizing current is applied.
8.4

Examination Coverage

All examinations shall be conducted with sufficient field overlap to ensure 100% coverage at
the required sensitivity. Max span of yoke legs during the examination : 200 mm
9.0

EXCESS PARTICLE REMOVAL - Not applicable to this procedure.

10.0

INTERPRETATION

The interpretation shall identify if an indication has false, nonrelevant, or relevant. False and
nonrelevant indications shall be proven as false or nonrelevant. Interpretation shall be carried
out to identify the locations of indications and the character of the indication.

10.1

Visible (Color Contrast) Magnetic Particles

Surface discontinuities are indicated by accumulations of magnetic particles which should

contrast with the examination surface. The color of the magnetic particle shall be sufficiently
different than the color of the examination surface. A minimum light intensity of 100 fc (1000
Lx) is required on the surface to be examined to ensure adequate sensitivity during the
examination and evaluation of indications. The light source, technique used, and light level
verification is required to be demonstrated one time, documented, and maintained on file.
At Officine Maraldi Bertinoro S.p.A. field site the minimum light intensity of 100 fc (1000 Lx) is
required. This light intensity is achieved by using nonmagnetic white surface contrast
enhancement during daytime.
If the examination is required to be made during the night or inside the sphere a minimum light
intensity of 100 fc (1000 Lx) is required.
In this case the light intensity shall be measured and documented at least once time per use.
The light intensity is measured by means of ASITA LX 421 S.No.40404886
11.0

DEMAGNETIZATION

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When residual magnetism in the part could interfere with subsequent processing or usage, the
part shall be demagnetised any time after completion of examination.
12.0

POST -EXAMINATION CLEANING

When post examination cleaning is required, this will be conducted as soon as practical using
a process that does not adversely affect the part. The parts can be wiped with cloth or paper or
cleaned with a suitable cleaning agent.
Examined vessel or parts shall be post cleaned.
Typical cleaning techniques employed are:
1)
drying of wet particles and subsequent removal by brushing or compressed air;
2)
removal of wet particles by flushing with solvent.
Other suitable post-test cleaning techniques may be used if they will not interfere with
subsequent processing.
13.0

EVALUATION

(a) All indications shall be evaluated in terms of the acceptance standards of the referencing
Code Section.
(b) Discontinuities on or near the surface are indicated by retention of the examination
medium. However, localized surface irregularities due to machining marks or other surface
conditions may produce false indications.
(c) Broad areas of particle accumulation, which might mask indications from discontinuities,
are prohibited, and such areas shall be cleaned and re-examined.

14.0

DOCUMENTATION

14.1

Recording of Indications

14.1.1 Nonrejectable Indications. Nonrejectable indications shall be recorded as

by the referencing Code Section.

specified

14.1.2 Rejectable Indications. Rejectable indications shall be recorded. As a minimum,

the type of indications (linear or rounded), location and extent (length or diameter or aligned)
shall be recorded.
15.0

EXAMINATION RECORDS

For each examination, the following information shall be recorded:

(a) procedure identification and revision
(b) magnetic particle equipment and type of current
(c) magnetic particles (visible or fluorescent, wet or dry)
(d) examination personnel identity and if required by referencing Code Section Qualification
level;
(e) map or record of indications
(f) material and thickness

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(g) lighting equipment;

(h) date of examination.
16.0

WORKING INSTRUCTIONS

During the examination the NDE operators shall have this procedure or working instructions
conforming to this procedure available at work.
17.0

EVALUATION OF INDICATIONS FOR SECTION VIII DIV. 2

Indications will be revealed by retention of magnetic particles. All such indications are not
necessarily imperfections, however,
since excessive surface roughness,
magnetic
permeability variations (such as at the edge of heat affected zones), etc., may produce similar
indications.
An indication of an imperfection may be larger than the imperfection that causes it; however,
the size of the indication is the basis for acceptance evaluation. Only
indications
which
have any dimension greater than 1.5 mm 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) shall be
considered relevant.
(a) A linear indication is one having a length greater than three times the width.
(b) A rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with the length equal to or less
than three times its width.
(c ) Any questionable or doubtful indications shall be reexamined to determine whether or not
they are relevant.
17.1

ACCEPTANCE STANDARD FOR SECTION VIII DIV. 2 ITEMS

17.1.1 Section VIII, Division 2 Items.

These acceptance standards shall apply unless other more restrictive standards are specified
for specific materials or applications within the Section VIII Div. 2.
All surfaces to be examined shall be free of:
(a) relevant linear indications;
(b) relevant rounded indications greater than 3/16 in. (5 mm);
(c ) four or more relevant rounded indications in a line separated by 1/16 in. (1.5 mm) or less
(edge to edge).
1) Crack like indications detected, irrespective of surface conditions, are unacceptable.
17.1.2 Repair requirements
The defect shall be removed or reduced to an imperfection of acceptable size. Whenever an
imperfection is removed by chipping or grinding and subsequent repair by welding is not
required, the excavated area shall be blended into the surrounding surface so as to avoid
sharp notches, crevices, or corners. Where welding is required after removal of an
imperfection, the area shall be cleaned and welding performed in accordance with a qualified
welding procedure.
Note: (a) Repairs to base metal and major defects in welds shall only made with the
concurrence of the Authorized Inspector. The client shall also be informed of the repairs when
required.
(a) Treatment of Indications Believed Nonrelevant. Any indication which is believed to be
nonrelevant shall be regarded as an imperfection unless it is shown by reexamination by the

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same method or by the use of other nondestructive methods and/or by surface conditioning
that no unacceptable imperfection is present.
(b) Examination of Areas From Which Imperfections Have Been Removed. After a defect
is thought to have been removed and prior to making weld repairs, the area shall be examined
by suitable methods to ensure it has been removed or reduced to an acceptably sized
imperfection.
(c ) ) Rexamination of Repair Areas. After repairs have been made, the repaired area shall
be blended into the surrounding surface so as to avoid sharp notches, crevices, or corners and
reexamined by the magnetic particle method and by all other methods of examination that
were originally required to the affected area, except that, when the depth of repair is less than
the radiographic sensitivity required, reradiography may be omitted.

Attachments:
1- Pie-Shaped Magnetic particle field indicator
2-Magnetic particle test report

ATTACHMENT 1
PIE-SHAPED MAGNETIC FIELD INDICATOR

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ATTACHMENT 2 MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION REPORT

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