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    VCB

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    Mitesh Gandhi
    Vacuum circuit breakers use vacuum as the arc quenching medium because vacuum offers the highest insulating strength and far superior arc quenching properties compared to other media. When contacts open in vacuum, arc interruption occurs immediately at the first current zero due to the extremely fast recovery of dielectric strength in vacuum. Vacuum circuit breakers consist of fixed and moving contacts mounted inside a vacuum chamber sealed with a bellows to maintain vacuum. An arc shield prevents vapor deposition on the insulating cover when an arc is struck and extinguished rapidly upon contact separation.

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    VCB

    Uploaded by

    Mitesh Gandhi
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    Vacuum circuit breakers use vacuum as the arc quenching medium because vacuum offers the highest insulating strength and far superior arc quenching properties compared to other media. When contacts open in vacuum, arc interruption occurs immediately at the first current zero due to the extremely fast recovery of dielectric strength in vacuum. Vacuum circuit breakers consist of fixed and moving contacts mounted inside a vacuum chamber sealed with a bellows to maintain vacuum. An arc shield prevents vapor deposition on the insulating cover when an arc is struck and extinguished rapidly upon contact separation.

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    Vacuum circuit breakers use vacuum as the arc quenching medium because vacuum offers the highest insulating strength and far superior arc quenching properties compared to other media. When contacts open in vacuum, arc interruption occurs immediately at the first current zero due to the extremely fast recovery of dielectric strength in vacuum. Vacuum circuit breakers consist of fixed and moving contacts mounted inside a vacuum chamber sealed with a bellows to maintain vacuum. An arc shield prevents vapor deposition on the insulating cover when an arc is struck and extinguished rapidly upon contact separation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    117 views3 pages

    VCB

    Uploaded by

    Mitesh Gandhi
    Vacuum circuit breakers use vacuum as the arc quenching medium because vacuum offers the highest insulating strength and far superior arc quenching properties compared to other media. When contacts open in vacuum, arc interruption occurs immediately at the first current zero due to the extremely fast recovery of dielectric strength in vacuum. Vacuum circuit breakers consist of fixed and moving contacts mounted inside a vacuum chamber sealed with a bellows to maintain vacuum. An arc shield prevents vapor deposition on the insulating cover when an arc is struck and extinguished rapidly upon contact separation.

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    In vacuum circuit breakers, vacuum is used as the arc quenching medium.

    Vacuum offers
    the highest insulating strength. So it has far superior arc quenching properties than any other
    medium. For example, when contacts of a breaker are opened in vacuum, the interruption
    occurs at first current zero with dielectric strength between the contacts building up at a rate
    thousands of times higher than that obtained with other circuit breakers.Vaccum circuit
    breaker is shown in Figure below.

    Figure A Vaccum Circuit Breaker


    Vacuum offers the highest insulating strength. So it has far superior arc quenching properties
    than any other medium. For example, when contacts of a breaker are opened in vacuum, the
    interruption occurs at first current zero with dielectric strength between the contacts building
    up at a rate thousands of times higher than that obtained with other circuit breakers. The
    technology is suitable for mainly medium voltage application. For higher voltage vacuum
    technology has been developed but not commercially viable.

    Principle of Vacuum Circuit Breaker


    The production of arc in a vacuum circuit breaker and its extinction
    can be explained as follows :

    When the contacts of the breaker are opened in vacuum (10^-7 to 10^-5 torr), an arc is
    produced between the contacts by the ionisation of metal vapours of contacts. However,
    the arc is quickly extinguished because the metallic vapours, electrons and ions
    produced during arc rapidly condense on the surfaces of the circuit breaker contacts,
    resulting in quick recovery of dielectric strength.

    The salient feature of vacuum as an arc quenching medium is that as soon as the arc is
    produced in vacuum, it is quickly extinguished due to the fast rate of recovery of
    dielectric strength in vacuum.

    Construction of Vacuum Circuit Breaker


    Typical parts of vacuum circuit breaker are shown in the figure b
    below

    Figure B parts of vacuum circuit breaker

    It consists of fixed contact, moving contact and arc shield mounted inside a vacuum
    chamber.

    The movable member is connected to the control mechanism by stainless steel


    bellows. This enables the permanent sealing of the vacuum chamber so as to eliminate
    the possibility of leak.

    A glass vessel or ceramic vessel is used as the outer insulating body. The arc shield
    prevents the deterioration of the internal dielectric strength by preventing metallic
    vapours falling on the inside surface of the outer insulating cover.
    Working of Vaccum Circuit Breaker

    Figure C Working of Vacuum Circuit Breaker

    The working of Vacuum circuit breakers is briefly explained


    below,

    When the breaker operates, the moving contact separates from the fixed contact and
    an arc is struck between the contacts. The production of arc is due to the ionisation of
    metal ions and depends very much upon the material of contacts.

    The arc is quickly extinguished because the metallic vapours, electrons and ions
    produced during arc are diffused in a short time and seized by the surfaces of moving
    and fixed members and shields.

    Since vacuum has very fast rate of recovery of dielectric strength, the arc extinction
    in a vacuum breaker occurs with a short contact separation (say 0.625 cm).

    Vacuum circuit breakers are employed for outdoor applications ranging from 22kV to
    66kV. Even with limited rating say 60 to 100MVA, they are suitable for majority of
    applications in rural areas.

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