The American University of Madaba

The American University of Madaba
Faculty of Engineering Civil Engineering

Department
Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics Lab Report
Names: Saad Marji

Ahmad Nael
1310350
1310375
Diya Altamimi 1310410

Title of Experiment: Flow through Venturi, Orifice, and Rotameters
Date of Experiment: 17 - Oct 2016
[-----------------] :Mark
Objective:
Venturi
To study the principles of venture meter and to determine
its coefficient C d by comparing the measured flow rate
with ideal flow rate.
Orifice
To determine the coefficient C d of an orifice meter by
comparing the measured flow rate with ideal flow rate.
To calibrate Rota-meter.
Introduction:
Variable head meters work on principle that a variation of
the flow rate through a constriction with a constant crosssectional area causes a pressure drop suffered by the fluid as it
flows through the constriction. The pressure drop is related to
the flow rate, and hence variations of the pressure drop can be
used to measure variations in the flow rate. The most common
examples of variable head meters used in industry are the
Venturi meter and the Orifice meter.
Apparatus:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Fluid friction apparatus.

Hydraulic bench apparatus.
Graduated cylinders.
Stop watch.
Procedure:
A) For Venturi and Orifice meters:
1. Open the main water inlet valve.
2. The fluid will pass through the Venturi and Orifice
meters. The libes must be free of bubbles before
measurements are made.
3. Be sure to collect data for the full range of flow rates
available.
4. To measure the actual flow rate, use the drain hose
and fill graduated cylinder with a specific volume of
water and use a stopwatch to know the time taken to
fill it.
Q=
V
t
B) For Rotameter:
1. Switch on the main power supply of the hydraulic
bench.
2. Pump G1 will be used so the valve V7 will be opened.
3. Notice the Rota meter reading.
4. Change valve setting on the Rota meter V1 and repeat
the above steps.
5. To measure the actual flow rate, open V5 at the
hydraulic bench.
Results and Sample of Calculations:
A)
Venturi Meter
V( L )
t( s )
Q(
L/s )
12.66
0.079
8.69
0.115
7.24
0.138
Q(
m3 /s )
0.00007
9
0.00011
5
0.00013
8
cm )
m )
4.8
0.048
8.1
0.081
10.3
0.103
AVG
A1
A2
= section of the pipe =
1.0034
4
1.1253
4
1.1978
1
1.1108
9
D21 0.022
=
=3.14 104 m2
4
4
= section of the contraction =
Q Actual=
Cd
V
1
L
m
=
=0.079 =0.000079
t 12.66
s
s
D22 0.012
=
=7.854 105 m2
4
4
QTheoritical =( A1 A 2)
2gh
A A
2
1
2
2
QTheoritical=(3.14 104 7.854 105 )
QTheoritical=7.872 105
C d=
2 9.81 0.048
( 3.14 104 )2( 7.854 105 )2
m3
s
Q Actual
0.000079
=
=1.003 44
QTheoritical 0.00007872
Venturi Meter
0
0
0
0
Actual flow rate Q (m3/s)
f(x) = 0x - 0
R = 1
0
0
0
0
0
0.2 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28
0.3 0.32 0.34
sqrt of difference in pressure head (m)
Slope =0.0006
A
( 1 A2 )
2 g Cd
A21 A 22
Slope=
A
1
A 2) 2 g
(
C d=Slope
A A
2
1
2
2
( 3.14 10
4 2
) ( 7.854 105 )
C d=0.0006
=1.6699
4
5
(3.14 10 7.854 10 ) 2 9.81
Orifice Meter
V( L )
t( s )
Q(
L/s )
11.18
0.089
8.72
0.115
7.55
0.132
Q(
m3 /s )
0.00008
9
0.00011
5
0.00013
2
cm )
m )
11
0.11
13.3
0.133
11.7
0.117
AVG
Cd
0.6667
3
0.7774
0
0.9573
0
0.8004
A1
A2
= section of the pipe =
D21 0.0 14 2
=
=1.54 104 m2
4
4
= section of the contraction =
Q Actual=
D 22 0.012
5 2
=
=7.854 10 m
4
4
V
1
L
m3
=
=0.079 =0.000079
t 11.18
s
s
QTheoritical =( A1 A 2)
2gh
A 21 A 22
QTheoritical=(3.14 104 7.854 105 )
QTheoritical =1.342 104
C d=
m
s
Q Actual
0.000079
=
=0.66673
QTheoritical 0.00007872
2 9.81 0.11
( 3.14 104 )2( 7.854 105 )2
Orifice Meter
0
0
f(x) = 0x - 0
R = 0.16
0
0
Actual flow rate Q (m3/s) 0

0
0
0
0.33 0.34 0.34 0.35 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.37
sqrt of difference in pressure head (m)
Slope=0.0006
A
( 1 A2 )
2 g Cd
A21 A 22
Slope=
A
( 1 A 2) 2 g
A21 A 22
C d=Slope
( 3.14 10
4 2
) ( 7.854 105 )
C d=0.0006
=1.6699
(3.14 104 7.854 105 ) 2 9.81
B)
Rota meter
V (L)
t (s)
Q (L/s)
Q
(m3/s)
10
10.58
0.945
10
11.63
0.860
10
17.89
0.559
0.00094
5
0.00086
0
0.00055
9
Rotameter
reading
(m3/hr)
3.1
Rotameter
reading
(m3/s)
0.000861
2.8
0.000778
2.0
0.000556
Discussion and Conclusions:

1. (3) C d for Venturi Meter was greater than the Orifice
Meter. So, the head losses in the Orifice are larger than
the head losses in the Venturi.
2. The difference in the pressure is directly related to Q
according to the experiment results.
3. The Venturi Meter provide more accurate results than the
Orifice Meter but the choice of which to use depends on
the financial ability of the laboratory and and the
accuracy needed because the Orifice Meter is much
economical than the Venturi Meter.

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The American University of Madaba

Faculty of Engineering Civil Engineering

Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics Lab Report

Names: Saad Marji

Diya Altamimi 1310410

Fluid friction apparatus.

= section of the pipe =

= section of the contraction =

QTheoritical=(3.14 104 7.854 105 )

Actual flow rate Q (m3/s)

0.3 0.32 0.34

sqrt of difference in pressure head (m)

= section of the pipe =

= section of the contraction =

QTheoritical=(3.14 104 7.854 105 )

QTheoritical =1.342 104

Actual flow rate Q (m3/s) 0

sqrt of difference in pressure head (m)

Discussion and Conclusions:

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