This document describes an experiment to determine the coefficient of discharge (Cd) of an orifice meter. The apparatus includes a measuring tank, orifice meter, manometers and pump. Water is pumped through the orifice meter and the differential head is measured. The theoretical discharge is calculated and compared to the actual measured discharge to calculate Cd. Test runs are performed by varying the flow rate and recording measurements to then compute Cd values.
This document describes an experiment to determine the coefficient of discharge (Cd) of an orifice meter. The apparatus includes a measuring tank, orifice meter, manometers and pump. Water is pumped through the orifice meter and the differential head is measured. The theoretical discharge is calculated and compared to the actual measured discharge to calculate Cd. Test runs are performed by varying the flow rate and recording measurements to then compute Cd values.
Original Description:
this ids regarding fluid mechanics lab for measuring flow of fluids
This document describes an experiment to determine the coefficient of discharge (Cd) of an orifice meter. The apparatus includes a measuring tank, orifice meter, manometers and pump. Water is pumped through the orifice meter and the differential head is measured. The theoretical discharge is calculated and compared to the actual measured discharge to calculate Cd. Test runs are performed by varying the flow rate and recording measurements to then compute Cd values.
This document describes an experiment to determine the coefficient of discharge (Cd) of an orifice meter. The apparatus includes a measuring tank, orifice meter, manometers and pump. Water is pumped through the orifice meter and the differential head is measured. The theoretical discharge is calculated and compared to the actual measured discharge to calculate Cd. Test runs are performed by varying the flow rate and recording measurements to then compute Cd values.
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CALIBRATION OF ORIFICE METER
AIM: To determine the Co-efficient of discharge Cd of the orificemeter
APPARATUS: Flow measurement device apparatus, Stop watch SPECIFICATIONS: * Area of Measuring tank, * Diameter of the Orificemeter (venacontracta), * Diameter of the Orificemeter (Inlet) , A = 0.064 m2 d = 12.5 mm D = 25 mm
DESCRIPTION OF APPARATUS: The apparatus has a measuring Tank to measure the flow rate, and pipe line with a Orificemeter. Tapping with Ball valves are provided at Inlet & Outlet of the Orificemeter and these are connected to manometer.A constant steady supply of water is provided using monoblock pump with a means for varying the flow rate
THEORY: An ORIFICE METER is another simple device used for the measuring the discharge through pipes, orifice meter also works on the same principle as that of Venturimeter i.e, by reducing the cross-sectional area of flow passage, a pressure difference between the two sections before and after Orifice is developed and the measurement of the pressure difference enables the
determination of the discharge through the pipe . However , an orifice meter is a cheaper arrangement for discharge measurement through pipes and its installation requires a smaller length as compared with Venturimeter. As such where the space is limited, the orifice meter may be used for the measurement of discharge through pipes .
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Discharge can be determined as follows:
Qtheo =
a1x a2 2g H ---------------------- (a12 - a22) ,Qth a1 a2 H = = = =
m3 /Sec
Where,
Theoretical discharge c/s area of the inlet = c/s area of pipe c/s area of the throat head (in meters of fluid flowing through the pipe ) Sm h x ----- - 1 SW differential manometer reading Specific gravity of manometric liquid. Specific gravity of fluid in the pipe. (i.e; water & SW= 1)
Where H h Sm SW = = = =
The actual flow rate is expected to be less than that given by the equation above because of frictional effects and consequent head loss between section at inlet and throat . In practice it is customery to account for this loss by insertion of an experimentally determined co-efficient of known as Coefficient of discharge . Thus the equation for actual discharge becomes Qact = Cd Qth The value of co-efficient of discharge -Cd depends on Renolds number (Re) of the flow and increases with increase in Reynoldss number for the
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same throat ratio . This has been observed experimentally to be true and the value of Cd is seen to vary from 0.95-0.99 for Re > 105.
PROCEDURE: 1. Fill-in the sump tank with clean water. 2. Keep the delivery valve closed. 3. Connect the power cable to 1 Ph, 220 V, 10 Amps with earth connection. 4. Switch-ON the Pump & open the delivery valve. 5. Open the corresponding ball valve of the Venturimeter pipe line. 6. Adjust the flow through the control valve of the pump. 7. Open the corresponding ball valves fitted to Venturi / Orifice tappings. 8. Note down the differential head reading in the Manometer. (Expel if any air is there by opening the drain cocks provided with the Manometer). 9. Operate the Butterfly Valve to note down the collecting tank reading against the Known time and Keep it open when the readings are not taken. 10. Change the flow rate & repeat the experiment. OBSERVATIONS: MANOMETER READING mm of Hg D= 25mm d=12.5mm TIME TAKEN FOR 20cm RISE OF WATER t 'sec'
OPENINGS
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CALCULATIONS * Area of Measuring tank, * Acceleration due to gravity, * Diameter at the vena contracta, * Diameter of the Inlet section, A = 0.064 m2 g = 9.81 m/sec2 d = 12.5 mm
Area of Intel section Area of vena-contracta 12.6 x h in m
= =
D2/4 d2/4
in m2 in m2
Loss of head H = Where,
h = Manometer differential head in mm of Hg.
2.
ACTUAL DISCHARGE, AR Qact = --------100 t Area of measuring tank in m2 Rise of water level for timet secs in m. time taken in seconds for R mm rise of water. m3 /Sec /
Where,
A R t
= = =
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3. CO-EFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE,
Actual discharge Cd = ------------------------------
