Renaissance Period

The Renaissance (UK /rnesns/, US /rnsns/, French pronunciation: [nss], from French:
Renaissance "re-birth", Italian: Rinascimento, from rinascere "to be reborn")[1] was a cultural
movement that spanned the period roughly from the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in
the Late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe. Though availability of paper and the
invention of metal movable type sped the dissemination of ideas from the later 15th century, the
changes of the Renaissance were not uniformly experienced across Europe.
Renaissance art is the painting, sculpture and decorative arts of that period of European history
known as the Renaissance, emerging as a distinct style in Italy in about 1400, in parallel with
developments which occurred in philosophy, literature, music and science. Renaissance art, perceived
as a "rebirth" of ancient traditions, took as its foundation the art of Classical antiquity, but
transformed that tradition by the absorption of recent developments in the art of Northern Europe
and by application of contemporary scientific knowledge. Renaissance art, with Renaissance
Humanist philosophy, spread throughout Europe, affecting both artists and their patrons with the
development of new techniques and new artistic sensibilities. Renaissance art marks the transition of
Europe from the medieval period to the Early modern age.
In many parts of Europe, Early Renaissance art was created in parallel with Late Medieval art. By
1500 the Renaissance style prevailed. As Late Renaissance art (Mannerism) developed, it took on
different and distinctive characteristics in every region.

Titian, Sacred and Profane Love, c.

1513 1514

Giotto, Lam

entation, Cappella degli Scrovegni.

Renaissance Period
Rogier van der Weyden, The Descent from the Cross (c. 1435),
oil on oak panel, 220 cm 262 cm (87 in 103 in).
Museo del Prado, Madrid

Donatello, David

(1440s?) Museo Nazionale del Bargello.

Michelangelo, (c. 1511) The Creation of Adam,

from the Sistine Chapel ceiling

Artists in Renaissance Period

Leone Battista Alberti (14041472) An Italian humanist, Alberti

is often seen as a model of the Renaissance "universal man"
For the Rucellai family in Florence Alberti designed several
buildings, the faade of Palazzo Rucellai, executed by Bernardo
Rosselino, the faade of Santa Maria Novella, the marble-clad
shrine of the Holy Sepulchre, and perhaps also the Capella
Rucellai.
Some dates vary from source to source; these come from Franco
Borsi. Leon Battista Alberti. (New York: Harper & Row, 1977)

Renaissance Period

Palazzo Rucellai

Leonardo di ser Piero

da Vinci (April 15, 1452 May 2, 1519, Old

Style) was an Italian Renaissance polymath: painter, sculptor, architect, musician,

mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist,
geologist, cartographer, botanist, and writer. His genius, perhaps
more than that of any other figure, epitomized the Renaissance
humanist ideal. Leonardo has often been described as the
archetype of the Renaissance Man, a man of "unquenchable
curiosity" and "feverishly inventive imagination". He is widely
considered to be one of thegreatest painters of all time and
perhaps the most diversely talented person ever to have lived.
According to art historian Helen Gardner, the scope and depth of
his interests were without precedent and "his mind and
personality seem to us superhuman, the man himself mysterious
and remote". Marco Rosci states that while there is much
speculation about Leonardo, his vision of the world is essentially
logical rather than mysterious, and that the empirical methods he
employed were unusual for his time.
Known for diverse fields of the arts and sciences. Notable work(s)- Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, The
Vitruvian Man, Lady with an Ermine

Annunciation (14751480)
Uffizi, is thought to be
Leonardo's earliest
complete work.

Renaissance Period

Unfinished painting of St. Jerome in the Wilderness, (c. 1480), Vatican.

Virgin of the Rocks, Louvre, demonstrates Leonardo's interest in nature.

The Last Supper (1498)Convent of Sta. Maria delle Grazie,

Milan, Italy

Renaissance Period

Mona

Lisa or La Gioconda (15031505/1507)Louvre, Paris, France

The Virgin and Child with St. Anne, (c. 1510)-Louvre Museum

The Virgin and Child with St. Anne and St. John the Baptist (c. 14991500)
National Gallery, London

The Vitruvian Man (c. 1485) Accademia, Venice

Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (6 March 1475 18 February 1564),

commonly known as Michelangelo (Italian pronunciation: [mikelandelo]), was an Italian
sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and engineer of the High Renaissance who exerted an
unparalleled influence on the development of Western art.[2] Despite making few forays beyond the
arts, his versatility in the disciplines he took up was of such a high order that he is often
considered a contender for the title of the archetypal Renaissance man, along with his fellow
Italian Leonardo da Vinci.

Renaissance Period
Two of his best-known works, the Piet and David, were sculpted before he turned thirty. Despite his
low opinion of painting, Michelangelo also created two of the most influential works in fresco in the
history of Western art: the scenes from Genesis on the ceiling andThe Last Judgment on the altar wall
of the Sistine Chapel in Rome. As an architect, Michelangelo pioneered the Mannerist style at
the Laurentian Library. At 74 he succeededAntonio da Sangallo the Younger as the architect of St.
Peter's Basilica. Michelangelo transformed the plan, the western end being finished to Michelangelo's
design, the dome being completed after his death with some modification.

ti

The Piet (14981499) is

a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture byMichelangelo Buonarro
, housed in St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City. It is the first of a
number of works of the same theme by the artist. The statue was
commissioned for the French cardinal Jean de Billheres, who
was a representative in Rome. The sculpture, in Carrara marble,
was made for the cardinal's funeral monument, but was moved
to its current location, the first chapel on the right as one enters
the basilica, in the 18th century. It is the only piece Michelangelo
ever signed.

This famous work of art depicts the body of Jesus on the lap of his motherMary after the Crucifixion. The
theme is of Northern origin, popular by that time in France but not yet in Italy. Michelangelo's
interpretation of the Piet is unique to the precedents. It is an important work as it balances
theRenaissance ideals of classical beauty with naturalism. The statue is one of the most highly finished
works by Michelangelo.
Michelangelo's Piet, a depiction of the body of Jesus on the lap of his mother Mary after the Crucifixion,
was carved in 1499, when the sculptor was 24 years old.
Michelangelo was born on 6 March 1475 in Caprese near Arezzo, Tuscany. (Today, Caprese is known
as Caprese Michelangelo). For several generations, his family had been small-scale bankers in
Florence, but his father, Ludovico di Leonardo di Buonarotto Simoni, failed to maintain the bank's
financial status, and held occasional government positions. At the time of Michelangelo's birth, his
father was the Judicial administrator of the small town of Caprese and local administratorof Chiusi.
Michelangelo's mother was Francesca di Neri del Miniato di Siena. The Buonarrotis claimed to
descend from the Countess Mathilde of Canossa; this claim remains unproven, but Michelangelo
himself believed it. Several months after Michelangelo's birth, the family returned to Florence, where
Michelangelo was raised. At later times, during the prolonged illness and after the death of his mother
in 1481 when he was just six years old, Michelangelo lived with a stonecutter and his wife and family
in the town of Settignano, where his father owned a marble quarry and a small farm. Giorgio
Vasari quotes Michelangelo as saying, "If there is some good in me, it is because I was born in the
subtle atmosphere of your country of Arezzo. Along with the milk of my nurse I received the knack of
handling chisel and hammer, with which I make my figures."

Renaissance Period

The Statue of David, completed by Michelangelo in 1504, is one of the

most renowned works of the Renaissance.
Statue of David

Sistine Chapel ceiling

Michelangelo painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel; the work took
approximately four years to complete (15081512)

Michelangelo's Moses(centre) with Rachel andLeah on his sides,

completed in 1515

Michelangelo's The Last

Judgment created between 1536 and
1541. Saint Bartholomew is shown
holding the knife of his martyrdom and
his flayed skin. The face of the skin is
recognizable as Michelangelo.

Renaissance Period

Attributed to Michelangelo around 1555: Palestrina Piet, Galleria

dell'Academia, Florence

Michelangelo's own tomb in which he was interred in February 1564,

at

Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence

Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (April 6 or March 28, 1483 April 6, 1520),

better known simply as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architect of
the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form and ease
of composition and for its visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of
human grandeur. Together with Michelangelo andLeonardo da Vinci, he
forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period.

Raphael's sarcophagus

Renaissance Period
The School of Athens, or Scuola di Atene in Italian, is

one

of the most famous frescoes by the Italian

Renaissance artist Raphael. It was painted
between 1509 and 1511 as a part of Raphael's
commission to decorate with frescoes the rooms now
known as the Stanze di Raffaello, in the Apostolic
Palace in the Vatican. The Stanza della Segnatura was

the

first of the rooms to be decorated, and The School of

Athens the second painting to be finished there,
after La Disputa, on the opposite wall. The picture has
long been seen as "Raphael's masterpiece and the
perfect embodiment of the classical spirit of the High Renaissance."

Disputation of the Sacrament

The Disputation of the Sacrament (Italian:La
disputa del sacramento), or Disputa, is
a painting by
the Italian Renaissance artistRaphael. It was
painted between 1509 and 1510 as only the
first part of Raphael's commission to decorate
with frescoes the rooms that are now known as
the Stanze di Raffaello, in the Apostolic
Palace in theVatican. At the time, this room was
known as the Stanza della Segnatura, and was
the private papal library where the supreme
papal tribunal met.
In the painting, Raphael has created a scene spanning both heaven and earth. Above, Christis
surrounded by the Blessed Virgin Mary, John the Baptist and various biblical figures such
as Adam, Moses and Jacob. God the Father sits above Jesus, depicted reigning over the golden light of
heaven. Below, on the altar sits the monstrance.
The altar is flanked by theologians who are depicted debating Transubstantiation. Christ's body is
represented in the eucharist, which is discussed by representatives of the Church; among them are the
original four Doctors of the Church, with Pope Gregory I and Jeromeseated to the left of the altar
and Augustine and Ambrose to the right, Pope Julius II, Pope Sixtus IV, Savonarola and Dante Alighieri.
Pope Sixtus IV is the gold dressed pope in the bottom of the painting. Directly behind Sixtus is Dante,
wearing red and sporting a laurel wreath (symbolizing his greatness as a writer). In the left hand corner,
there is a bald figure reading a book leaning over a railing. This is Raphael's mentor and Renaissance
architect Bramante.

S. Francesco, Tempio Malatestiano, Rimini (1447, 145360)

Faade of Palazzo Rucellai (144651)

Completion of the facade of Santa Maria Novella, Florence (144870).

Renaissance Period

San Sebastiano, Mantua (begun 1458)

Pienza, possibly as consultant (145962)

Sepolcro Rucellai in San Pancrazio (1467)

Tribune for Santissima Annunziata, Florence (1470, completed with alterations, 1477).

Sant'Andrea, Mantua (begun 1471)

Fra Angelico (c. 1395 1455)

Biagio d'Antonio

Giotto di Bondone (12671337)

Donatello

Sandro Botticelli

Masaccio

Domenico Veneziano

Filippo Lippi

Andrea del Castagno

Piero di Cosimo

Paolo Uccello

Antonello da Messina

Pisanello

Andrea Mantegna

Luca Signorelli

Alessio Baldovinetti

Piero della Francesca

Masolino

Titian

Andrea del Verrocchio

Domenico Ghirlandaio

Benozzo Gozzoli

Carlo Crivelli