A Three Phase Transformer Modelling For Distribution System: Department of Electrical and Electronics
A Three Phase Transformer Modelling For Distribution System: Department of Electrical and Electronics
A Three Phase Transformer Modelling For Distribution System: Department of Electrical and Electronics
7, Issue 1, 2016
Introduction
A transformer is a machine that is used to change the level of voltage of a system without changing
frequency. It is necessary to convert high level voltage to low level voltage for proper operation of
equipment. Three phase transformers are used in distribution system for changing the transmission level
voltage to distribution level voltage (Kersting, 1999) (Philips & Kersting, 1987). It is impossible to
designing any system without transformer. Transformer is mostly used in every part of power system. So
for designing a power system or for analysis purpose it is necessary that the whole system model should
be modelled correctly (Philips & Kersting, 1990; Kumar & Selvan, 2008). These models or parameters
can also be used for computer calculation.
H1-A
H2-B
IA
H3-C
IB
IC
I AC
I BA
I CB
Ia
Ib
Ic
nt
Zt
a
X1-a
Zt
b
Vag
+
X2-a
IE
Zt
c
Vag
V
+ ag X3-c
g
-
0
0
-nt
-nt
U
Vta
-nt * Vtb
Vtc
0
0
0
(1)
[VLLABC ] = [AV]*[Vtabc ]
Where
-nt
0
0
-nt
[AV] =
0
0
0
-nt
0
Here the primary line-to-line voltages at Node n as functions of the ideal secondary voltages has been
determined (Kersting, 1993). However, required relationship is between equivalent line-to-neutral
voltages at Node n and the ideal secondary voltages (Anderson, 2008; Grainger & Willaim, 1994). Hence
line-to-neutral voltages at node n from line-to-line voltages are determined by theory of symmetrical
components. The known line-to-line voltages are transformed to their sequence voltages by:
[VLL012 ] =[A 3] - 1 * [VLLABC ]
[A5] -1 =
1 12
1 a5
1 a5
(2)
1
a3
a3 2
as=1.0/120
VLN0
VLN1
VLN2
1
0
0
0
t3*
0
0
VLL0
0 * VLL1
t3
VLL2
(3)
Where
ts =
1
3
/30
The equivalent line-to-neutral voltages as functions of the sequence line- to-neutral voltages are:
(4)
(5)
Where
[W] = [A3]*[T]*[A3]- 1
2 1
= * 0 2
3
1 0
1
0
1
2
(6)
(7)
Where
at =
- nt
3
0 2
1 0
2 1
1
2
0
80
The ideal secondary voltages as functions of the secondary line-to-ground voltages and the secondary line
currents are:
[Vt abc ] = [VLG abc ] + [Ztabc ]*[Iabc ]
Here is no such restriction that the impedances of the three transformers be equal.
Substitute Equation 8 into Equation 7:
(8)
Where
bt = [at ]*[Ztabc ] =
- nt
3
0
Zta
2.Zta
2. Ztb
0
Zt b
(9)
Ztc
2.Ztc
0
The line currents can be determined as functions of the delta currents by applying Kirchhoff's current law:
IA
1
IB = 0
IC
-1
IAC
0
- 1 * IBA
ICB
1
-1
1
0
[I ABC ] = [D ]*[IDABC ]
(10)
The matrix equation relating the delta primary currents to the secondary line currents is given by:
IAC
IBA =
ICB
1
* 0
nt
0
1
0 0 Ia
1 0 * Ib
0 1 Ic
[IDABC ] = [AI]*[Iabc ]
(11)
Where
1 - 1 0
1
d t = [ D]*[AI] = . 0
1 - 1
nt
- 1 0
1
ct = 0
The derivation of the generalized matrices [A] and [B] begins with solving Equation (1) for the ideal
secondary voltages:
[Vtabc ] = [AV]- 1 * [VLLABC ]
(12)
Bu
s
Zeq
Zeq
Load
Where
(13)
1 - 1 0
[D] = 0
1 - 1
- 1 0
1
81
(14)
Where
1
0 - 1
1
A t = [AV] - 1 *[D] = . - 1 1
0
nt
0 - 1 1
Where
Bt = [Zt abc ] =
Zta
0
0
0
Ztb
0
0
0
Zt c
Ct = 0
1 - 1 0
1
D t = [ D ]*[AI] = . 0
1 - 1
nt
- 1 0
1