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    Lecture 5-Calculation of Invert Levels: Engr. Gul-E-Hina

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    jahanzaibch
    This document contains a lecture on calculating invert levels for sewer pipes. It defines invert level as the lowest inside level of a sewer cross-section. It describes how to calculate the upper and lower invert levels of a pipe based on factors like natural ground level, earth cover, pipe diameter, thickness, slope, and length. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate calculating invert levels at manholes for systems with different pipe sizes, slopes and lengths.

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    Lecture 5-Calculation of Invert Levels: Engr. Gul-E-Hina

    Uploaded by

    jahanzaibch
    676 views15 pages
    This document contains a lecture on calculating invert levels for sewer pipes. It defines invert level as the lowest inside level of a sewer cross-section. It describes how to calculate the upper and lower invert levels of a pipe based on factors like natural ground level, earth cover, pipe diameter, thickness, slope, and length. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate calculating invert levels at manholes for systems with different pipe sizes, slopes and lengths.

    Original Description:

    invert level

    Original Title

    Lec 5-Week 3-(Invert Levels )

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    This document contains a lecture on calculating invert levels for sewer pipes. It defines invert level as the lowest inside level of a sewer cross-section. It describes how to calculate the upper and lower invert levels of a pipe based on factors like natural ground level, earth cover, pipe diameter, thickness, slope, and length. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate calculating invert levels at manholes for systems with different pipe sizes, slopes and lengths.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    676 views15 pages

    Lecture 5-Calculation of Invert Levels: Engr. Gul-E-Hina

    Uploaded by

    jahanzaibch
    This document contains a lecture on calculating invert levels for sewer pipes. It defines invert level as the lowest inside level of a sewer cross-section. It describes how to calculate the upper and lower invert levels of a pipe based on factors like natural ground level, earth cover, pipe diameter, thickness, slope, and length. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate calculating invert levels at manholes for systems with different pipe sizes, slopes and lengths.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 15

    Lecture 5- calculation of

    invert levels

    Engr. Gul-E-Hina
    Lecturer,
    Institute of Environmental Engineering & Research (IEER)
    University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore

    gulehina@uet.edu.pk

    Invert Level

    The lowest inside level at any cross-section of a


    sewer is known as the INVERT LEVEL at that cross
    section.

    SIGNIFICANCE:
    Sewers must be laid at a particular slope to attain
    self cleansing velocities. The required slope (while
    laying the sewers) is achieved through calculations
    of invert levels.

    19-December-2015

    Lecture # 01

    CE 441 Environmental Engineering II

    ,IEER, UET Lahore

    Calculation of Upper Invert Level & Lower Invert Level

    NSL
    Earth cover=1m

    Thickness of pipe

    Dia of pipe

    Invert level of pipe

    U . =

    . = . ( )
    19-December-2015

    Lecture # 01

    CE 441 Environmental Engineering II

    ,IEER, UET Lahore

    Calculation of Upper Invert Level & Lower Invert Level

    Lower = / ( )

    Thickness of pipe

    19-December-2015

    Dia of pipe

    Invert level

    Earth cover=1m

    Thickness of pipe

    Dia of pipe

    Invert level of pipe

    Lecture # 01

    CE 441 Environmental Engineering II

    ,IEER, UET Lahore

    Gradients in Pipes

    19-December-2015

    Lecture # 01

    CE 441 Environmental Engineering II

    ,IEER, UET Lahore

    Gradients in Pipes
    A gradient may be defined as fall divided by distance.
    GRADIENT

    FALL / DISTANCE

    For example is a 24 meter section of drainage pipe has a fall of 0.30 metres, calculate
    the gradient.
    Gradient =
    0.30 / 24
    Gradient =
    0.0125
    This can be converted into a gradient written as a ratio or 1: some number.
    Gradient
    Gradient

    =
    =

    1 / 0.0125 =
    1 in 80

    80

    The above formula may be rearranged for Fall if the gradient is known:

    FALL

    19-December-2015

    Lecture # 01

    GRADIENT X DISTANCE

    CE 441 Environmental Engineering II

    ,IEER, UET Lahore

    Gradients in Pipes
    For example, calculate the fall in a 50 meters section of water pipework if
    the gradient is to be 1 in 80.
    A gradient of 1 in 80 is converted to a number instead of a ratio.
    1 / 80 = 0.0125
    Fall

    Gradient x Distance

    Fall

    0.0125 x 50

    Fall

    19-December-2015

    0.625 meters or 625mm.

    Lecture # 01

    CE 441 Environmental Engineering II

    ,IEER, UET Lahore

    Calculation of Invert Level


    SINGLE SEWER:

    U/S Invert Level = NGSL Earth cover Thickness of Sewer Dia of


    Sewer
    D/S Invert Level = U/S Invert Level Fall
    (Fall= slope x length)
    TWO OR MORE SEWERS OF SAME SIZE:

    When equal dia sewers discharge in a manhole and the same dia sewers
    receives the total discharge, LOWEST D/S I.L. among the discharging
    sewers will be carried as U/S I.L. for the receiving sewer.
    SEWERS OF DIFFERENT SIZE:

    When receiving sewer dia is greater than the discharging sewer;


    Keep the crowns at the same level
    Drop the U/S I.L. of the receiving sewer by the difference in the dia of
    the two sewers.

    19-December-2015

    Lecture # 01

    CE 441 Environmental Engineering II

    ,IEER, UET Lahore

    Calculation of Invert Level-Case 1 (Equal dia pipes)


    M1

    225mm

    225mm

    L/I =198m
    M3

    M2

    19-December-2015

    L/I =199m

    U/I =?m
    225mm

    M4

    Lecture # 01

    CE 441 Environmental Engineering II

    ,IEER, UET Lahore

    Calculation of Invert Level-Case 2 (Different dia pipes)


    M1

    225mm

    225mm

    L/I =199m

    M3

    M2

    19-December-2015

    L/I =198m
    U/I =?m
    460mm

    M4

    Lecture # 01

    CE 441 Environmental Engineering II

    ,IEER, UET Lahore

    10

    Numerical 1

    Calculate upper and lower invert levels at M2 , M3


    and M4 if upper invert level of M1 is 100m
    M1

    M3

    M2

    225 mm dia
    L=200m,@0.0082

    19-December-2015

    Lecture # 01

    225 mm dia
    L=100m,@0.0079

    CE 441 Environmental Engineering II

    M4

    225 mm dia
    L=300m,@0.007

    ,IEER, UET Lahore

    11

    Numerical 2

    Calculate upper and lower invert levels at M2 , M3


    and M4 if upper invert level of M1 is 200m
    M1

    M3

    M2

    225 mm dia
    L=106 m,@0.0082

    19-December-2015

    Lecture # 01

    310 mm dia
    L=35m,@0.0080

    CE 441 Environmental Engineering II

    M4

    380mm dia
    L=36m,@0.0072

    ,IEER, UET Lahore

    12

    Numerical 3

    Calculate upper and lower invert levels at M2 , M3


    ,M4 and M5 if upper invert level of M1 is 135m
    M1

    M2

    225 mm dia
    L=100 m,@0.0080

    19-December-2015

    M4

    M3

    225 mm dia
    L=75m,@0.0079

    225mm dia
    L=36m,@0.007

    310mm dia
    L=35m,@0.0056

    M5

    Lecture # 01

    CE 441 Environmental Engineering II

    ,IEER, UET Lahore

    13

    Numerical 4

    Calculate upper and lower invert levels at M2 , M3


    ,M4 ,M5 and M6 if upper invert level of M1 is 110m
    M1

    M3

    M2
    225 mm dia
    L=200 m,@0.0085

    19-December-2015

    225 mm dia
    L=150m,@0.0075

    M4
    375mm dia
    L=490m,@0.004
    375mm dia
    L=420m,@0.005
    M5

    450mm dia
    L=480m,@0.0031
    M6
    Lecture # 01

    CE 441 Environmental Engineering II

    ,IEER, UET Lahore

    14

    Numerical 5
    Calculate Invert levels for partially combined sewer system. Average
    water consumption of 400lpcd take NGL=100 m , Earth Cover=1m
    and Pipe thickness = 50mm

    19-December-2015

    M1

    M2
    P=800 persons
    L=800m
    P=600 persons
    L=400m
    M4

    M3

    M5

    P=400 persons P=500 persons


    L=300m
    L=700m

    Lecture # 01

    CE 441 Environmental Engineering II

    ,IEER, UET Lahore

    15

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