Ericsson Training PDF

ERICSSON
Ericsson BSS
Introduction for
Optimization
and Planning
Mohammad Rasoul Tanhatalab 2013
m_r_tanha@yahoo.com
+989155132368
1
Contents
Introduction
Type of BTS
Connect to BTS
Connect to BSS
Alex
Frequency Hopping
Multi Band (Common BCCH)
Cell Load Sharing (CLS)
Channel Administration
Hierarchical Cell Structure
AMR
BTS and MS Power Control
Idle Mode Behavior
Some Important Commands
Mohammad Rasoul Tanhatalab 2013 2

Introduction
This presentation is designed to provide an introduction to
the planning, optimization and implementation processes
in 2G Ericsson networks.
However, this file tries to explain and mention the most
important things that a RF engineer needs to know for
Network Optimization along with some examples.
As a matter of fact, this topic is prepared for engineer that
has good knowledge about GSM and optimization but
he/she are not familiar with Ericsson BSS networks.
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TYPE OF BTS
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Types of RBS
RBS 6000 RBS 2000 RBS 3000

series Series Series
RBS 6101 RBS 2111 RBS 3216
RBS 2216
RBS 6201 RBS 3116
RBS 2308
RBS 6301 RBS 3206
RBS 2116
RBS 6601 RBS 3106
RBS 2206
RBS 6102
RBS 2202
RBS 6202 RBS 2106
.

2000 RBS Overview (2202)
IDM (Internal Distributed

Module)
Power Supply Unit (PSU)
ECU(Energy Control Unit)
CDU(Combining and
Distributed Unit)
DXU (Distribution Switch Unit)
TRU (Transciever Unit)

2000 RBS units function
DXU
TRU
CDU
ECU
PSU

RBS 6000 Overview
Support Control Unit (SCU)
Support Hub Unit (SHU)
Power Distribution Unit (PDU)
Power Connection Unit (PCU)
Battery Fuse Unit (BFU)
Power Supply Unit (PSU)
Power Filter Unit (PFU)
Support Alarm Unit (SAU)
Power Connection Filter (PCF)
Surge Protection Device (SPD)
Digital Unit (DU)
Radio Unit (RU)
Digital Baseband Advanced (DBA)
Channel Element Expansion Module
(CEEM)
AuXiliary Multiplexing Unit (XMU)

DU (Digital Unit)
The DU has the following functions:
Timing function
Loadable software (from Flash Card)
Radio interface
Transmission handling
External synchronization
Tower Mounted Amplifier Control Module
(TMA-CM) (only for DUG 10 01)
Type of DU
The DUG 10 01 uses the architecture from RBS
2000
The DUG 20 01 uses the same architecture as
the other radio standards in RBS 6000
(WCDMA and LTE)

RU (Radio Unit)
The RUS has the following functions:
Transceiving Receiving Processing (TRP)
Uplink and downlink filtering
Power Amplifier (PA) functions Up to four carriers
downlink and uplink with 2-RX diversity (valid for RUS 01)
Up to eight carriers downlink and uplink with 2-RX
diversity (valid for RUS 02)
The RUG has the following functions:
Timing reference function by Local Timing Unit (LTU)
Transmitter Combining
UC/HC connector supervision
Output Power Supervision function RU<t> <gg> <bb>
DC/DC function t = G | L | W | S; G for GSM, L for LTE, W
Tower Mounted Amplifier Control Module (TMA-CM) for WCDMA, S for Multi-standard
Power gg = generation; 01 and so on
bb = 3GPP band; B1 and so on

Supported Radio Configurations
Configuration in each
RBS is depended on
which RBB and DBB is
used.
RBBs: Radio Building

Block is a unique way of
combining either RUs,
RRUs
DBBs: Digital Building

Blocks are one or two
DUs with defined
connections to the
RBBs in each sector

Configuration Fore Single Standard
Base Station
Number of Maximum Total

RBB RUs per Number of DBB
Sector Carriers
12 DBB10_01
RBB11_1A 1 12 DBB10_02
24 2 DBB10_01
2 RBB11_1A 2 24 2 DBB10_01
RBB11_1A + RBB32_3B 4 48 DBB10_01 + 3 DBB10_44
12 DBB10_44
36 3 DBB10_44
RBB32_3A 3
24 2 DBB10_44
48 4 DBB10_44
36 3 DBB10_44
2 RBB32_3A 6
48 4 DBB10_44
12 DBB10_45
RBB43_4A 4 24 2 DBB10_45
36 3 DBB10_45

Multi-standard Configurations
A multi-standard RBS supports installation of nodes
of different radio access systems in the same
cabinet. In a multi-standard RBS, the support
system is shared between the nodes in the cabinet.
Each radio access system node is managed
separately using its own radio standard tools, but
only the primary node controls and supervises the
support system. Multi-standard configurations can
be either single mode or mixed mode
configurations.
Single Mode
Mixed Mode

Single Mode
Single mode allows an RBS to be configured

with different radio access systems within the
same cabinet.
Single mode allows the following combination
of radio access systems:
GSM and WCDMA
GSM and LTE
WCDMA and LTE
LTE and CDMA

Mixed Mode
Mixed mode allows nodes of different radio

standards within a cabinet to share radio and
antenna resources.
Mixed mode allows the following combination
of radio access systems:
GSM and WCDMA
GSM and LTE
WCDMA and LTE
LTE and CDMA

Single and Multi Standard
Radio

Remote Radio Unit (RRU)
Remote Radio Unit (RRU) is
often used as a generic
expression for a remotely
installed Radio Unit (RU).
The RRUS remotely extends
the reach of the RBS by up to
40 km
A fiber optic cable connects
the RRUS
The RRUSs can be connected
in a star configuration or in a
cascade configuration

CONNECT TO
BTS
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LMT and OMT Interface
The client is connected to the

cabinet for configuration and
service purposes.
In WCDMA the site LAN is used to
communicate with the RBS
Element Manager (EM). In LTE and
CDMA the Local Maintenance
Terminal (LMT) is used to
communicate with the RBS EM. In
GSM the site LAN is used to
communicate with the Operation
and Maintenance Terminal (OMT).

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
TERMINAL (OMT)
OMT is a software tool
specifically designed for
the RBSs
It is used to perform a
number of Operation and
Maintenance
tasks on site or remotely
from the BSC. OMT is a
PC program
that runs under Microsoft
Windows

OMT Task
Monitoring the cabinets

Internal Alarms in the
troubleshooting process,
performing IDB
(Installation Data Base)
operations
Defining the External
Alarms and Antenna Related
Auxiliary Equipment
(ARAE)
Monitor the hardware and
configuration status of the
RUs in the cabinet

CONNECT TO BSS
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WinFIOL

WinFIOL Setting

ALEX
(ACTIVE LIBRARY EXPLORER)
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ALEX (Active Library Explorer)
By this Software we can

find all information
about ERICSSON .
We must add new
library

ADD LIBRARY TO ALEX

BSS
Structure Connections and Commands
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BSC/TRC BASIC CONCEPTS
GROUP SWITCH (GS)
Switching Network
Terminal (SNT)
Device (DEV)
EXCHANGE TERMINAL
CIRCUIT (ETC)
Digital Path (DIP)
RTS A-Bis interface Line
Terminal (RBLT)
Radio Transmission &
Transport Subsystem
(RTS)
RTS A-interface Line
Terminal (RALT)

Figure below shows the different names of the PCM link devices
in the three types of BSS implementation.
RALT /RBLT 64 kbit/s device on E1, connected to PDH network

RALT15 / RBLT15 64 kbit/s device on E1, connected to SDH network, 7-board ET155
RALT2 / RBLT2 64 kbit/s device on E1, connected to SDH network, 1-board ET155
RALT24 / RBLT24 64 kbit/s device on T1, connected to PDH network
RALT3 / RBLT3 64 kbit/s device on T1, connected to SONET network, 1-board ET155
RALT96 / RBLT96 64 kbit/s device on T1, connected to 24/96 channel ET (PDH)

MO (Manage Objected)
MO FORMAT
Equipment in the BTS is TG
Transceiver Group RXOTG-tg
seen in the BSC as CF

Central Functions RXOCF-tg
Managed Objects (MOs). IS

Interface Switch RXOIS-tg
CON RXOCON-tg
Concentrator
DP RXODP-tg-ldp
Digital Path
Blocking state of MO: TF
Timing Function RXOTF-tg
BLA : Blocked due to activity needed MCTR

Multi Carrier RXOMCTR-tg-lmctr
BLL : Load in progress Transceiver

TRXC RXOTRX-tg-ltrxc
BLO : Blocked automatically Transceiver Carrier
TX RXOTX-tg-ltrxc
BLT : Blocked due to testing Transmitter
RX RXORX-tg-ltrxc
Receiver
MBL : Manually blocked
TS RXOTS-tg-ltrxc-lts
Time Slot

TG , Code-Site and Channel Group Connection Data
Command for all TGs
<RXTCP:MOTY=RXOTG;
RADIO X-CEIVER ADMINISTRATION
TG TO CHANNEL GROUP CONNECTION DATA
Command for specific TG
MO CELL CHGR
RXTCP:MOTY=RXOTG, cell= CellID D;
RXOTG-1 CellIDA1 0
CellIDB1 0
MO CELL CHGR
CellIDC1 0
CellIDA1 1
RXOTG-6 CellID D 0
CellIDB1 1 CellID E 0
CellIDC1 1
CellID F 0
RXOTG-2 CellIDA2 0
CellIDB2 0
CellID D 1
CellIDC2 0 CellID E 1
CellIDA2 1
CellID F 1
CellIDB2 1
CellIDC2 1

Identifying of RBS Type
RXMFP:MOTY=RXOCF;
RXMFP:MO=RXOCF- ;
RU RUREVISION RUSERIALNO
0 BOE 602 14/1 R15B TU89465713
.
.
.
RUPOSITION RULOGICALID
C:0 R:L SH: 3 SL:--- CABI 2106I

Related Between RSITE and TG
RXMOP:MO=RXOTG-1;
RADIO X-CEIVER ADMINISTRATION
MANAGED OBJECT DATA
MO RSITE COMB FHOP MODEL

RXOTG-1 CellID1G A HYB BB G12
SWVERREPL SWVERDLD SWVERACT TMODE

B0702R025E B0702R025E TDM
CONFMD CONFACT TRACO ABISALLOC CLUSTERID SCGR

CMD 2 POOL FLEXIBLE
DAMRCR CLTGINST CCCHCMD

PTA JBSDL PAL JBPTA
TGFID SIGDEL BSSWANTED PACKALG
H'0001-A783 NORMAL 1010

CONFACT (Concentrator Factor)
Confact: The maximum number of TRXs that can share a 64 kbit/s
A-bis time slot is equal to CONFACT or is the maximum allowed
LAPD concentration factor in the TG and it is set per TG. Specifies
the maximum number of TRXCs that can be LAPD concentrated on
the same transmission device.
The LAPD concentrator receives messages from several TRXs and
sends these messages on one 64 kbit/s Abis time slot to BSC. The
LAPD concentrator also receives messages on this Abis time slot
from the BSC and distributes them to the TRXs.
The maximum value is 4, however the value depends on the
maximum number of SDCCH/8 per TRX defined for the TG.
Max number of SDCCH/8s per TRX Max concentration ratio
1 4
2 4
3 3
4 2
FREQUENCY HOPPING
AND
MAIO MANAGEMENT
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Achievements
More uniform speech quality
A more dependable and predictable radio
environment
Increased capacity (tighter frequency re-use enabled)
Capabilities
Up to 128 frequencies can be assigned per cell
Note: maximum of 32 frequencies per Channel
Group (CHGR)
Frequencies can be reused (except the BCCH frequency)
in other CHGRs within the cell

Types of Hopping Sequences
Number (HSN)
Cyclic hopping sequence

the frequencies are used consecutively. A cyclic
sequence is specified by setting parameter
HSN to 0.
Random hopping sequence
is implemented as a pseudo-random sequence.
63 independent sequences can be defined.

Hopping Modes
Baseband hopping (FHOP = BB)

In baseband hopping, each transmitter is
assigned with a fixed frequency.
Synthesizer hopping (FHOP = SY)

Synthesizer hopping means that one
transmitter handles all bursts that belong to a
specific connection

Baseband Hopping
+ A narrow-band filter combiner
can be used. To this combiner it is
possible to connect up to 6 TRXs
without more than 3dB combiner
loss.
- It is impossible to hop on more

frequencies than there are TX:s.

Synthesizer Hopping
+ It is possible to hop on more
frequencies than there are
transmitters.
- Hybrid combiners must be

used. When connecting many
transmitters the loss will be
big.

MAIO Management
The MAIO Management feature provides

increased control over synthesized frequency
hopping to minimize channel interference
within a site (or between sites if synchronized
network is used).

MAIO Algorithm
At frequency hopping MAIO values are used (together with
the HSN and the current FN) to point out the frequencies to
be used from the HFS at an instant in time.
Cyclic hopping
"pointer" = (MAIO+FN) modulo (number of frequencies in
HFS)
Random hopping
"pointer" = (MAIO+random value) modulo (number of
frequencies in HFS)
MAIO : Mobile Allocation Index Offset

FN : Frame Number

Example
Cyclic hopping
"pointer" = (MAIO+FN) modulo (number
of frequencies in HFS)
Random hopping
"pointer" = (MAIO+random value)
modulo (number of frequencies in HFS)
For instance, in Cyclic hopping, 3 TRX:s

in a cell, nine frequencies in the HFS.
The
current FN is 1. The first TRX use
frequency number:
(FN+MAIO) mod (# of frequencies in
HFS) = (1+0) mod 9 = 1 (which will
relate the pointer to the second
frequency in the HFS .
The next time FN=2 and the
pointers will be shifted downwards one MAIO : Mobile Allocation Index Offset
step. FN : Frame Number

Default MAIO list
The order of the MAIO values in the default list

are arranged in a "first even then odd MAIO
values" manner. (with HFS containing 7
frequencies the default list will be 0, 2, 4, 6, 1,
3, 5)
The actual MAIO values to be used for a CHGR
depends on the number of TRXs for the CHGR.

CELL CONFIGURATION FREQUENCY
HOPPING DATA
RLCHP:CELL=CellID;
BCCD : Defines if the CELL
channel group
frequencies are allowed
CellID
(YES) or not (NO) for CHGR HSN HOP MAIO BCCD
Immediate Assignment.
0 0 OFF DEFAULT YES
1 50 ON 0 YES
1
2

CELL CONFIGURATION FREQUENCY DATA
TN: Time slot RLCFP:CELL=CellID;
number CELL
CellID
SDCCH: Number CHGR SCTYPE SDCCH SDCCHAC TN CBCH HSN HOP DCHNO
of SDCCH 0 1 0 1 NO 0 OFF 114
channel 2
3
4
CBCH: cell 1 1 0 2 NO 50 ON 64
broadcast 77
channel 81
CHGR: channel
group

MULTI BAND CELL
(COMMON BCCH)
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Why we use Multi Band Cell?
Restriction of Dynamic BTS Power Control features because of BCCH
frequency
Restriction of Discontinuous Transmission on the BCCH frequency
Restriction of Frequency Hopping on the BCCH frequency
All the frequencies in the non-BCCH frequency band can be more efficiently
reused
There is one more timeslot available for traffic in the non-BCCH frequency
band
The number of defined cells and neighbor relations in a BSC of a multi band
cell network is reduced

Common BCCH

Reducing the number of neighbor
relation = Reducing the measurements
performed and reported by the MS
less neighbor relations means less

restrictions on the total number of available
positions in measurement reports.
less neighbor relations lead to more
accurate measurements performed and
reported by the MS, since there is more
time available for measurements of each
neighbor
Reduced number of defined cells and
neighbor relations
Mohammad Rasoul Tanhatalab 2013

Inter Cell Handovers
The offset (FBOFFS) is

added to the measured
signal strength of the active
channel at the non-BCCH
1800 frequency band
(RxLevA), so the BSC can
locate the MS as if it would
be served by the BCCH 900
frequency band instead.

Sub-Cell Load Distribution
Without Subcell Load Distribution acitvated, mobile stations within the OL

subcell service area will be served by the OL subcell even if there is a lot of
spare capacity in the UL subcell. This is generally undesirable since the OL
subcell frequencies may be more vulnerable to interference than the
frequencies in the UL subcell.
With Subcell Load Distribution activated, the OL subcell is only used when
the traffic in the UL subcell increases beyond a certain limit. Secondly, the
mobiles closest to the site are moved to the OL subcell, which means that
power control are more effective for the OL subcell and less interference is
spread.

Change Sub-Cells from UL to OL
Only mobile stations that fulfill the
following three conditions for LOL,
TAOL and DTCB are allowed to
change subcells from UL to OL:
L < LOL - LOLHYST

TA< TAOL - TAOLHYST
SS(s) - SS(n) > DTCB
No SDCCH should be configured in OL subcell, which makes use of Subcell

Load Distribution, since it is only applicable to traffic channels. With SCLD
activated, only assignment to UL is allowed, which makes SDCCH in the OL
subcell inaccessible.

Parameters for Multi Band
Cell Optimization
LOL : Path loss threshold. It defines the OL sub-cell coverage
border in terms of the path loss from the serving cell.
LOLHYST : Hysteresis for the path-loss criterion during
evaluations for the OL sub-cell coverage.
DTCB : Distance to cell border threshold. It defines the OL sub-
cell coverage border in terms of the signal strength difference
between the active channel and the strongest neighboring
BCCHs.
DTCBHYST : Hysteresis for the DTCB criterion during
TAOL : Timing advance threshold. It defines the OL sub-cell
timing advance border.
TAOLHYST : Hysteresis for the timing advance criterion during

Commands
RLOLC:CELL=cell,LOL=lol,LOLHYST=lolhyst,TAO
L=taol,TAOLHYST=taolhyst, DTCBN=dtcbn,
DTCBHYST=dtcbhyst;
The following command is an attempt to distribute traffic connections

from the underlaid subcell to the overlaid subcell
RLLLC:CELL=cell,SCLD=on/off,SCLDLUL=scldlul,
SCLDLOL=scldlol, SCLDSC=UL;

CELL LOAD
SHARING
(CLS)
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Cell Load Sharing Consists
of the Following Activities:
The traffic load in the cells are monitored

If a cell has too high load, MSs close to the cell
Border are made to perform a handover
The handovers are carried out if the receiving
cell has Low enough load

There are two levels:
CLSLEVEL
if the amount of idle traffic channels is equal to or
decreases below CLSLEVEL in a cell, that cell
tries to rid itself of some traffic by initiating load
sharing handover to neighboring cells
CLSACC
if the amount of idle traffic channels is above load
CLSACC in a cell, that cell is prepared to accept
incoming load sharing handovers from other
cells.

Conditions for neighboring
cell
The cell belongs to the same BSC

The cell belongs to the same HCS-layer
Incoming CLS handovers are allowed
(HOCLSACC=ON)

CLS Parameters
Clsacc : Cell Load Sharing level above which a
cells traffic must remain if its to accept
handovers due to Cell Load Sharing.
Clslevel : Cell Load Sharing level at which a
cells traffic will cause Cell Load Sharing
evaluation.
Clsstate : State of Cell Load Sharing in the
cell : ACTIVE or INACTIVE.
Hoclsacc : Handover due to Cell Load
Sharing accepted : ON or OFF.

Command
<RLLCP:CELL=ALL; !CELL LOAD SHARING DATA!
CELL CLSSTATE CLSLEVEL CLSACC HOCLSACC RHYST CLSRAMP

CellID1 INACTIVE 20 40 OFF 75 8
CellID2 INACTIVE 20 40 ON 75 8
CellID3 INACTIVE 20 40 OFF 75 8
RLLCC:CELL=HLM2,HOCLSACC=ON;
RLLCC:CELL=HLM3,HOCLSACC=ON;
RLLCI:CELL=HLM1&HLM2&HLM3;
RLLSI;

Result after Activation of CLS

CHANNEL ADMINISTRATION
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The capability of the feature channel
Administration is to select and allocate one or
more suitable channels in each traffic
situation the requires a set of cannels.
If several types of channels are possible to
allocate in a specific traffic situation, the
order in which the different types are
preferred is defined.

Channel Administration
There are three main situations in which a set of
channels is allocated:
Immediate assignment when a connection is to be
established, a channel for signaling has to be
allocated. Depending on the traffic situation and the
chosen CHAP, the channel could be either a Stand
alone Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH) or a Traffic
Channel (TCH).
Assignment - after an Immediate assignment on
SDCCH, when a channel for speech/data is needed, a
TCH has to be allocated.
Handover - when a connection in use is to be changed, a
new channel has to be allocated.

Channel Administration Processing
A CHAP is a list of all possible Selection Type (STs). Each ST is assigned

one Resource Type Priority List (RTPL). There are eleven profiles to
choose among by the parameter CHAP. Each profile represents a
specific channel allocation strategy.

Selection Type
The following data is needed to select a suitable channel:
Traffic Case
e.g. Assignment, Inter/Intra cell handover, Subcell change etc.
Preferred Subcell
Overlaid or Underlaid Subcell
Channel Mode
Speech/data or signaling
Channel Service
A list of channel type and speech versions/data rates in order of
preference
Multislot Data
Number of channels requested etc.

Resource Type (RT)
An RT is a unique type of channel. It is a

combination of subcell, channel type and rate.
An MS can be assigned 6 different Resource
Types (RTs):
RT1.1 OL/TCH/FR
RT1.2 OL/TCH/HR
RT2.1 UL/TCH/FR
RT2.2 UL/TCH/HR
RT3 OL/SDCCH
RT4 UL/SDCCH
Immediate Assignment on TCH / SDCCH
Immediate assignment on SDCCH

If signaling => remains on SDCCH
If speech/data => assignment to TCH
Immediate assignment on TCH
If SMS => transferred by the SACCH part
If signaling (LU, supplementary services etc.) =>
transferred by the FACCH part
If speech/data => change of channel mode at
assignment

CHAPs
CHAP 0: Immediate Assignment on TCH is not allowed
CHAP 1: Immediate Assignment on TCH, SDCCH First
CHAP 2: Immediate Assignment on TCH, TCH First, GSM phase 2 MS,
Channel Needed provided by MSC
CHAP 3: Immediate Assignment on TCH, TCH First, GSM phase 2 MSs,
Channel Needed not provided by MSC
CHAP 4: Immediate Assignment on TCH, TCH First, GSM phase 1 MSs,
Channel Needed not provided by MSC
CHAP 5: Overlaid Subcell as last resort
CHAP 6: Immediate Assignment on TCH, SDCCH First, Overlaid Subcell as
last resort
CHAP 7: Operators choice
CHAP 8: BCCH in Overlaid subcell
CHAP 9: Inter cell handover and Assignment to other cell, restricted to
underlaid
CHAP 10: Inter cell handover and Assignment to other cell, overlaid subcell
as last resort

CHAP 5
and
CHAP 6
CHAP 5: This profile provides a channel allocation strategy similar to the

default profile. However, if an UL subcell is preferred, and there is no
available idle channel in the UL subcell, an attempt is made to allocate a
channel from the OL subcell as a last resort. The purpose of this strategy
is to avoid unsuccessful handovers or blocked calls when the UL subcell is
congested, but there are available idle channels in the OL subcell. The
drawback is that the OL subcell may serve MSs outside its defined serving
area, which might lead to excessive interference.
CHAP 6: This profile combines the Immediate assignment allocation
strategy in profile 1 and the OL subcell as last resort strategy in profile 5.

CONNECTION OF CELL TO CHANNEL ALLOCATION PROFILE
DATACONNECTION OF CELL TO CHANNEL ALLOCATION PROFILE DATA
(Command)
RLHPC:CELL=cell, CHAP=3;
RLHPP:CELL=cell;

HIERARCHICAL CELL STRUCTURE
(HCS)
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HCS Discription
The HCS feature provides the possibility and

flexibility to give priority to cells that are not
strongest but provide sufficient received signal
strength. The priority of a cell is given by associating
a layer to the cell. Each layer is also belonging to a
HCS band. The lower the layer (and HCS band), the
higher the priority. The layer and band definition
should take consideration in several factors like:
Traffic distribution strategy among different cells;
Maximum traffic capacity for the cells;
Influence of interference on the cells, etc.
Up to eight layers (in up to eight bands) may be defined using
HCS

CELL LOCATING HIERARCHICAL DATA
RLLHP:CELL=cellID;
CELL TYPE LAYER LAYERTHR LAYERHYST PSSTEMP PTIMTEMP FASTMSREG
CellID INT 2 75 2 10 5 OFF
HCSIN HCSOUT
0 100

Example of HCS Band and Layers
Technical Description
The layer threshold decides if the cell should be prioritized over stronger cells
of the same HCS band.
The band threshold decides if the cell should be prioritized over stronger cells
from other HCS bands

Fast Moving Mobiles
To prevent fast moving mobiles form doing

HO to lower layer cells, a penalty is used
PSSTEMP : penalty SS offset
PTIMTEMP : penalty duration
The first time a cell is reported as a neighbor
to the serving cell of the fast moving mobile,
the cell is punished with PSSTEMP dB and
the punishment lasts for PTIMTEMP seconds

AMR
(ADAPTIVE MULTI RATE)
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Why AMR?
Improve speech quality at low C/I

The robust FR channel that provides high
speech quality at low C/I , then apply tighter
frequency reuse in a network with high AMR
Possible to change speech codec during the
call , depending on interference conditions
The enhanced speech quality also provides
better coverage at the edges of the cell, thus
making it possible to increase the coverage
area.
AMR General Information
Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) is a new speech and channel
codec for both half rate and full rate channels. By adapting
the codec rate to the radio conditions the speech quality is
enhanced. At low C/I, a large amount of channel coding is
applied and less speech coding. When the C/I increases the
speech coding is increased and the channel coding is
decreased.
Both the BTS (uplink ) and the MS (downlink) continuously
measures the radio quality (C/I) and based on these
measurements the codec rate is changed. AMR requires
support in all network nodes, i.e. MSC, BSC, BTS and MS
and AMR is only supported in cells where all TRUs are AMR
capable.

AMR FR/HF performance

Concepts
Speech Version
FR SPV 1 = normal Full Rate
FR SPV 2 = enhanced Full Rate
FR SPV 3 = AMR Full Rate
HR SPV 1 = normal Half Rate
HR SPV 3 = AMR Half Rate
Channel Rate
Full Rate (22,8 kbps gross bit rate on air interface)
Half Rate (11,4 kbps gross bit rate)

Technical Behaviors of AMR
vs. EFR

RLSLP:CELL=MA0734F
CELL SCTYPE
MA0734F
ACTIVE CHTYPE CHRATE SPV LVA ACL NCH

YES BCCH 1 A1 1
SDCCH 0 A2 16
TCH FR 1 6 A3 29
TCH FR 2 0 A3 29
TCH FR 3 0 A3 29
TCH FR 5 0 A3 29
TCH HR 1 0 A3 58
TCH HR 3 0 A3 58
CBCH 0 A3 0

Activation AMR and AMR Power
Control
AMR activated in the BSC:
RAEPC:AMRSUPPORT-1;
Power Control AMR activated per Cell
RLAPI:CELL=cellID;
CELL AMRPCSTATE
CellID INACTIVE
AMRPCSTATE: AMR power control state.

DYNAMIC HR ALLOCATION
AND
DYNAMIC HR/FR
ADAPTATION

Dynamic HR Allocation and Dynamic HR/FR
Adaptation
RLDHP:CELL=CellID
CELL DHA DTHAMR DTHNAMR DTHAMRWB DHPRL DHPR
CellID ON 60 30
RLDHC:CELL=CellID, DHA=ON,DTHAMR=35,DTHNAMR=20;
DTHAMR
Dynamic HR Allocation threshold for Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) capable
mobiles Indicates a percentage value of number of de-blocked full rate Traffic
Channels (TCHs) in the cell when Dynamic HR Allocation is enabled and the
mobile supports AMR HR. When the number of idle full rate TCHs in the cell is
above or equal to the value, FR TCHs will have precedence over HR TCHs. When
the number of idle FR TCHs in the cell is below to the value, HR TCHs will have
precedence over FR TCHs.
DTHNAMR
Dynamic HR Allocation threshold for non Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) capable
mobiles performs as DTHAMR for mobile that not support AMR

BTS AND MS POWER
CONTROL
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Power Control
Power Control Capabilities are:
Interference
Battery Backup Power Consumption
Receiver Saturation
Quality and Signal Strength Impact
Power Control is fulfilled for:
Channel Power Control
TCH YES
BCCH NO
SDCCH YES

BTS Power Control consists
of three stages

Dynamic BTS
and MS Power
Controls

Power Control Parameters

Setting Parameters for Power control
RLLOC:CELL=CellID,BSTXPWR=x-5;
RLLOC:CELL=CellID,BSPWR=x-5, BSRXMIN=102,BSRXSUFF=110;
RLCPC:CELL=CellID,BSPWRB=x, BSPWRT=x;
<RLCPP:CELL=CellID;
CELL TYPE BSPWRB BSPWRT MSTXPWR SCTYPE
CellID INT 42 42 33
MSTXPWR: Maximum transmit power BSTXPWR is the BTS output power

for the Mobile Station (MS) on on all frequencies other than the
connection. BCCH frequency. It is defined at the
SCTYPE : UL (sub-cell type is under- reference point used in the locating
laid) and OL (sub-cell type is overlaid) algorithm.
BSPWRB: Base Station output power BSRXMIN: Minimum required signal
in dBm for the BCCH RF channel strength received at the BTS, at the
number. The power is specified at the reference point, to consider the cell as
Power Amplifier (PA) output. a possible candidate for handover.
immediately after the transmitter unit BSRXSUFF: Sufficient signal strength
and before the combiner. received at the BTS, at the reference
BSPWRT: Base Station output power point, to consider the cell selectable
in dBm like BSPWRB but for the NON- for further ranking according to the
BCCH RF channel number. magnitude of the path loss.
Dynamic BTS Power Control
Cell Data
RLBCC:CELL=cellID,SSDESDL=70,REGINTDL=5,SSLENDL=8,
LCOMPDL=50,QDESDL=55,QCOMPDL=30,QLENDL=20,
SDCCHREG=ON;
Desired signal strength is -70 dBm
Regulation interval, stationary, downlink is 5 SACCH periods , or
Defines the minimum interval between power order commands.
Length of downlink signal strength filter is 8 SACCH periods.
Path-loss compensator factor downlink is 50 percent , when set to
zero there is no power control towards SSDESDL.
Desired quality downlink is 55 dtqu
Quality deviation compensator factor downlink is 30 percent, When
set to zero, no quality compensation is performed.
Length of stationary quality filter downlink is 20 SACCH periods
SDCCH regulation switch is ON

Dynamic MS Power Control
Cell Data
RLPCC:CELL=cellID,SSDESUL=70,SSLENUL=5,LCOMPUL=75,
QDESUL=50,QLENUL=20,QCOMPUL=40,REGINTUL=10,DTXFUL=16;
Desired signal strength uplink is 70 dBm
Length of signal strength filter uplink is 5 SACCH periods
Pathloss compensator factor uplink is 75 percent
Desired quality uplink is 50 dtqu transformed GSM quality units
Length of quality filter uplink is 20 SACCH periods
Quality deviation compensator factor uplink is 40 percent
Regulation interval uplink is 10 SACCH periods. A new power order is issued only if the
calculated power level is different from the current MS power level.
Number of measurement periods before full measurement periods are used, uplink is 16.
The full set of measurements is performed on each TDMA frame in a basic physical
channel. The subset of measurements is performed on those TDMA frames in the basic
physical where transmission is guaranteed. The power control algorithm uses the subset
if either DTX is used on a TCH or during a time period after the call has just been
established on a TCH.

CELL SYSTEM INFORMATION
SACCH AND BCCH DATA
RLSSC:CELL=cell,ACCMIN=accmin,CCHPWR=cchpwr,CRH=crh,DTXU=dtxu,RLINKT=rlinkt;
ACCMIN : Access minimum signal level

CCHPWR: Control channel power This parameter changes the maximum Transceiver Power
Level (TXPWR) in dBm an MS may use when accessing on a Control Channel (CCH).
CHR: Cell reselect hysteresis This parameter changes the Received Signal Level (RXLEV)
hysteresis in dB for required cell reselection over location area border.
DTXU: Uplink DTX indicator. 0 The MSs may use Uplink DTX, 1 The MSs use uplink DTX and
2 The MSs do not use uplink DTX.
RLINKT: Radio link time-out on DL for non AMR This parameter changes the time before an
MS disconnects a call due to failure in decoding Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH)
messages for non Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR).
The parameter is given as number of SACCH periods (480ms).

RLAPP:CELL=CellID;
CELL AMRPCSTATE
CellID ACTIVE
SCTYPE SSDESDLAFR SSDESULAFR QDESDLAFR QDESULAFR

90 92 40 40
SSDESDLAHR SSDESULAHR QDESDLAHR QDESULAHR

90 92 30 30
SSDESDLAWB SSDESULAWB QDESDLAWB QDESULAWB

RLAPC:CELL=cell, SCTYPE =OL/UL , SSDESDLAFR = 90, SSDESULAFR=92,
QDESDLAFR =40, QDESULAFR,=40, SSDESDLAHR =90, SSDESULAHR =92,
QDESDLAHR =30, QDESULAHR = 30;
SSDESDLAFR= Desired signal strength for the

codec type AMR FR, downlink.
SSDESULAFR= Desired signal strength for the
codec type AMR FR, uplink.
QDESDLAFR=Desired quality for the codec type
Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) Full Rate (FR),
downlink.
QDESULAFR= Desired quality for the codec type
AMR FR, uplink.
The rest of parameters are defined for HR as
above.

IDLE MODE BEHAVIOR
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Idle Mode Behavior
The idle mode behavior is managed by the MS. It can be
controlled by parameters which the MS receives from the
base station on the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH). All
of the main controlling parameters for idle mode behavior
are transmitted on the BCCH carrier in each cell. These
parameters can be controlled on a per cell basis.
Idle Mode Tasks:

PLMN Selection
Cell Selection
Cell Reselection
Location Updating
Monitor PCH (Paging Channel)

Cell Priority
CBQ CB CELL SELECTION CELL RE-SELECTION
HIGH NO NORMAL NORMAL
HIGH YES BARRED BARRED
LOW NO LOW NORMAL
LOW YES LOW NORMAL
When a cell is barred it will not be camped on by an MS in idle mode but an active (i.e. an
MS in dedicated mode) can perform handover to it.
Cells can have three levels of priority; barred, normal and low. Suitable cells that are of low
priority are only camped on if there are no other suitable cells of normal priority. The
priority of a cell is controlled by the Cell Bar Qualify parameter CBQ (only valid for mobiles
supporting GSM phase 2), in conjunction with the Cell Bar Access parameter , CB. It is
probably better to set CBQ to HIGH to speed up cell selection for phase 2 MSs since CBQ
makes no difference at cell reselection.

C1 Criteria
C1>0
C1 = (received signal level ACCMIN) max(CCHPWR P, 0)
(received signal level ACCMIN) : Good enough downlink

max(CCHPWR P, 0) : To ensure good enough uplink
ACCMIN : minimum received signal in MS to allow access
CCHPWR: maximum MS power at access
P : maximum power output of MS according to its class

C2 Criterion
C2 = C1 + CRO TO * H (PT - T) if PT <> 31

C2 = C1 CRO if PT = 31
H(x) = 0 if x < 0
H(x) = 1 if x 0
CRO : Cell reselection offset
TO : Temporary negative offset
PT : Time for application of a temporary offset
T : Timer

Related Commands
RLSBP:CELL=cellID;
CELL
cellID
CB MAXRET TX ATT T3212 CBQ CRO TO PT ECSC

NO 1 32 YES 40 HIGH 0 0 0 YES
ACC
CLEAR

SOME IMPORTANT
COMMANDS
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Managed Object Commands
RXMOP : RADIO X-CEIVER ADMINISTRATION MANAGED OBJECT DATA
RXMOP:MO=RXOTG-tg;
RXMSP : RADIO X-CEIVER ADMINISTRATION MANAGED OBJECT STATUS
RXMSP:MO=RXOTG-tg;
RXCDP : RADIO X-CEIVER ADMINISTRATION MANAGED OBJECT CONFIGURATION DATA
RXCDP:MO=RXOTG-tg;
RXCAP : RADIO X-CEIVER ADMINISTRATION MANAGED OBJECT CAPABILITY
INFORMATION
RXCAP: MO=RXOCF-tg;
RXMFP : RADIO X-CEIVER ADMINISTRATION MANAGED OBJECT FAULT INFORMATION
RXMFP: MO=RXOCF-tg;
RXMFP: MO=RXOCF-tg,faulty;
RXAPP : RADIO X-CEIVER ADMINISTRATION MANAGED OBJECT Abis PATH PRINT
RXAPP:MO=RXOTG-tg;

For CELL DESCRIPTION DATA
For Create:
RLDEC:CELL=cell+,CGI=cgi,BSIC=bsic,BCCHNO=bcchno,
AGBLK=agblk,MFRMS=mfrms,BCCHTYPE=bcchtype,IRC=on/off+;
For Print
RLDEP:Cell=CellID;
CELL CGI BSIC BCCHNO AGBLK MFRMS IRC
CellID 432-11-LAC-CI 45 114 1 6 ON
TYPE BCCHTYPE FNOFFSET XRANGE CSYSTYPE

INT NCOMB 0 NO GSM900

AGBLK: Number of reserved access grant blocks. This parameter
sets the number of Common Control Channel (CCCH) blocks
reserved for the access grant channel. The remaining CCCH blocks
are used for paging channel.
MFRMS: Multi-frames period This parameter sets period of
transmission for PAGING REQUEST messages to the same paging
subgroup. This parameter is expressed as the number of CCCH multi-
frames.
FNOFFSET: Frame number offset This parameter sets the time
difference from the Frame Number (FN) generator in the Base
Transceiver Station (BTS) expressed as a number of Time Division
Multiple Access (TDMA) frames.
IRC: Interference Rejection Combining To reduce the effect of
uplink interference and to improve quality.

Resetting of one TG
RXBLI:MO=RXOTG-10,SUBORD,FORCE;
RXESE:MO=RXOTG-10,SUBORD;
RXESI:MO=RXOTG-10,SUBORD;
RXBLE:MO=RXOTG-10,SUBORD;

HandOver Definition
Internal
RLNRC:CELL=CellIDB,CELLR=CellIDA,CS=NO,AWOFFSET=10;
RLMFC:CELL=CellIDB,MBCCHNO=CellIDA_bcch,MRNIC;
RLMFC:CELL=CellIDA,MBCCHNO=CellIDB_bcch,MRNIC;
External
RLDEI:CELL=CellIDC,CSYSTYPE=GSM900, EXT;
RLDEC:CELL=CellIDC,CGI=432-11-LAC-CI,BSIC=bsic,BCCHNO=cellIDC_bcch;
RLLOC:CELL=CellIDC,BSPWR=47,
BSRXMIN=120,BSRXSUFF=0,MSRXMIN=102,MSRXSUFF=0,SCHO=OFF,MISSNM=3,AW=OFF,BSTXPWR=35
,EXTPEN=OFF;
RLCPC:CELL=CellIDC,MSTXPWR=33;
RLLHC:CELL=CellIDC,LAYER=6,LAYERTHR=75,LAYERHYST=2,PSSTEMP=10,PTIMTEMP=5,FASTMSRE
G=ON;
RLNRI:CELL=CellIDA,CELLR=CellIDC,SINGLE;
RLMFC:CELL=CellIDA,MBCCHNO=cellIDC_bcch,MRNIC;
P.S. The some parameters are different for 900 and 1800 bands , check these in ALEX and the External part
must be implement in two BSC

View of CELL RESOURCES
RLCRP:CELL=ALL;
CELL BCCH CBCH SDCCH NOOFTCH QUEUED

CellID1 1 0 16 13- 26 0
CellID2 1 0 16 37- 74 0
CellID3 1 0 16 45- 90 0
CellID4 1 0 16 13- 26 0
CellID5 1 0 16 61-122 0
CellID6 1 0 24 28- 56 0

Some important commands
RLCCC:CELL=cell,CHGR=chgr,SDCCH=sdcch,CBCH=cbch,TN=tn;
This command changes SDCCH/8 configuration data in a channel group.
RLSTC: CELL=cell, STATE=halted/active;

The command is used to change the state of a cell or channel group.
RLSTP:CELL=cell;
The command will initiate the printout CELL STATUS for the internal cell
RLLDC:CELL=cell,MAXTA=maxta,RLINKUP=rlinkup;
This command is used to handle locating disconnect data in a cell
RLLUC:CELL=cell,QLIMUL=qlimul,QLIMDL=qlimd,,QLIMULAFR=qlimulafr,
QLIMDLAFR=qlimdlafr, TALIM=talim,CELLQ=cellq;
By this command the Timing advance limit for handover and cell quality are
defined per cell

Instance MO Configuration Data
rxcdp:mo=rxotg-Tg; Examples
RXCDP:MO=RXETG-0&&-3;
Command RXCDP is used Configuration data for all managed objects
to initiate printing of within TGs 0 to 3 inclusive all related RX, TS
and TX.
managed object RXCDP:MO=RXETS-2-3-0&&-7;
configuration data for one Configuration data for all TSs connected to
or more managed object TRXC 3 within TG 2.
RXCDP:MO=RXORX-4-0;
instances.
Configuration data for the RX connected to
The answer printout TRXC 0 within TG 4.
indicates how each RXCDP:MO=RXETX-3-15;

Configuration data for TX 15 connected to
managed object specified TG 3.
in the MO parameter is RXCDP:MO=RXOTX-3-15;
configured. A printout of configuration data for the TX
connected to TRXC 15 within TG 3.

EDGE and GPRS
RLGSP : cell=CellID;
CELL GPRSSUP BVCI FPDCH GAMMA PSKONBCCH LA CHCSDL
CellID YES 2 0 ENABLED ON CS2
SCALLOC PDCHPREEMPT MPDCH PRIMPLIM SPDCH FLEXHIGHGPRS EFACTOR

UL 4 NO 2 0 0 5
RXAPP : mo=rxotg-95;
MO
RXOTG-95
DEV DCP APUSAGE APSTATE 64K TEI

RBLT2-1 1 UNDEF IDLE NO
..
RRBLT2-6 6 MPLEX16 IDLE NO

RBLT2-31 31 UNCONC SPEECH/DATA YES

All Modifying commands for
AFP
RLCHC : CELL= CellID, CHGR=channel Group ,HOP= hopping
,HSN=hopping sequence No. ,MAIO=Mobile Allocation Index Offset
RLDEC : CELL= CellID, BCCHNO=BCCH;
RLSTC : CELL= CellID, STATE=HALTED;
RLDEC : CELL= CellID, BSIC=basic;
RLDTC:CELL= CellID, CHGR=channel Group ,TSC=Training Sequence
Code ;
RLSTC : CELL= CellID, STATE=ACTIVE;
Change frequency in BAL all neighbors
( RLMFC : CELL=CellID, MBCCHNO= bcch, MRNIC;)

References
BSS INTEGRATION, EN/LZT 123 5231 R1A, Ericsson Course
GSM Radio Network Features, 03813-LZU 108 3704 Uae Rev F
Mohammad Rasoul Tanhatalab, Root Cause Analysis and New Practical Schemes for
Improving of SDCCH Accessing in Cellular Networks, IEEE ICICES 2013
RBS 6000 INFORMATION TO PRESENTERS, Commercial in confidence , 25/221 09 -
FGB 101 558 Uen, Rev C , 2012-06-28 .
GSM Radio Network Features ,STUDENT BOOK, LZT1380719 R1A

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ERICSSON

Mohammad Rasoul Tanhatalab 2013 2

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BACK TO MAIN MENU

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RBS 6000 RBS 2000 RBS 3000

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IDM (Internal Distributed

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RBBs: Radio Building

DBBs: Digital Building

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Number of Maximum Total

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Single mode allows an RBS to be configured

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Mixed mode allows nodes of different radio

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The client is connected to the

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Monitoring the cabinets

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BACK TO MAIN MENU

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BACK TO MAIN MENU

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By this Software we can

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BACK TO MAIN MENU

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RALT /RBLT 64 kbit/s device on E1, connected to PDH network

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seen in the BSC as CF

Managed Objects (MOs). IS

BLA : Blocked due to activity needed MCTR

BLL : Load in progress Transceiver

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MO RSITE COMB FHOP MODEL

SWVERREPL SWVERDLD SWVERACT TMODE

CONFMD CONFACT TRACO ABISALLOC CLUSTERID SCGR

DAMRCR CLTGINST CCCHCMD

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