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    Pain and Inflammation Med Charts

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    surviving nursing school
    Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) work by inhibiting cyclooxygenase and reducing inflammation, fever, pain, and platelet aggregation. Common NSAIDs include aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen. Acetaminophen works by slowing prostaglandin production in the central nervous system and is used for analgesia and antipyresis. Opioids act on mu and kappa receptors, producing analgesia but also respiratory depression, constipation, and sedation. Common opioids are morphine, fentanyl, meperidine, and oxycodone. Migraine medications work to prevent dilation of intracranial blood vessels and relieve migraine pain. Common classes

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    Pain and Inflammation Med Charts

    Uploaded by

    surviving nursing school
    239 views4 pages
    Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) work by inhibiting cyclooxygenase and reducing inflammation, fever, pain, and platelet aggregation. Common NSAIDs include aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen. Acetaminophen works by slowing prostaglandin production in the central nervous system and is used for analgesia and antipyresis. Opioids act on mu and kappa receptors, producing analgesia but also respiratory depression, constipation, and sedation. Common opioids are morphine, fentanyl, meperidine, and oxycodone. Migraine medications work to prevent dilation of intracranial blood vessels and relieve migraine pain. Common classes

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    NURSING NOTES

    Original Title

    89216198 Pain Med Charts

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    Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) work by inhibiting cyclooxygenase and reducing inflammation, fever, pain, and platelet aggregation. Common NSAIDs include aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen. Acetaminophen works by slowing prostaglandin production in the central nervous system and is used for analgesia and antipyresis. Opioids act on mu and kappa receptors, producing analgesia but also respiratory depression, constipation, and sedation. Common opioids are morphine, fentanyl, meperidine, and oxycodone. Migraine medications work to prevent dilation of intracranial blood vessels and relieve migraine pain. Common classes

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    239 views4 pages

    Pain and Inflammation Med Charts

    Uploaded by

    surviving nursing school
    Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) work by inhibiting cyclooxygenase and reducing inflammation, fever, pain, and platelet aggregation. Common NSAIDs include aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen. Acetaminophen works by slowing prostaglandin production in the central nervous system and is used for analgesia and antipyresis. Opioids act on mu and kappa receptors, producing analgesia but also respiratory depression, constipation, and sedation. Common opioids are morphine, fentanyl, meperidine, and oxycodone. Migraine medications work to prevent dilation of intracranial blood vessels and relieve migraine pain. Common classes

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    of 4

    Pain and Inflammation Med Charts

    Name Nonsteroidal Antinflammatory Drugs

    Mechanism inhibition of cyclooxygenase, results in decrease in platelet aggregation,


    of Action inflammation, fever, pain

    Therapeutic inflammation, mild analgesia, fever, dysmenorrhea, inhibition of platelet


    Uses aggregation (protection against stroke, MI)

    Side Effects/ GI upset, damage to gastric mucosa, renal dysfunction, increased risk of
    Precautions MI and stroke(for non ASA NSAIDS), Salicylism risk for ASA(tinnitus,
    sweating, HA, respiratory aklaosis)

    Interactions increased risk of bleeding with other anticoagulants, glucocorticoids,


    alcohol. Ibuprofen decreases antiplatelet effects of ASA

    Nursing/Pati take NSAIDS with food to decrease gastric discomfort, notify provider if
    ent teaching symptoms of salicylism occurs, concurrent use with opioids allow for lower
    dosages of opioids

    Common ASA, Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Indomethacin (Indocin), Ketorolac (Toradol),


    Drugs Meloxicam (Mobic), Colecoxib (Celebrex)

    Name Acetaminophen

    Mechanism slows production of protaglandins in CNS


    of Action

    Therapeutic analgesic, antipyretic


    Uses

    Side Effects/ acute toxicity results in liver damage (early symptoms include nausea,
    Precautions vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, abdominal discomfort)

    Interactions alcohol increases risk of liver damage, slows metabolism of warfarin

    Nursing/Pati do not exceed 4 mg/ day, acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) is antidote for


    ent teaching overdose

    Common tylenol
    Drugs

    Name Opioid Agonist

    Mechanism act on mu and kappa receptors, produces analgesia, respiratory


    of Action depression, euphoria, sedation, decreased GI motility

    Therapeutic moderate to severe pain


    Uses

    Side Effects/ respiratory depression, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, urinary


    Precautions retention, cough suppression, sedation, emesis
    Interactions CNS depressants have additive depression action. Anticholinergics,
    antihistamines, tricyclic antidepressants have additive anticholinergic
    effects. MAOIs may cause hyperpyrexic coma.

    Nursing/Pati overdose triad: coma, repiratory depression, pinpoint pupils. Administer


    ent teaching very slowly, over 4 to 5 minutes. Narcan is antidote. Do not administer
    more than 600 mg/24 hour period for meperidine (Demerol).

    Common morphine, Fentanyl (Sublimaze, Duragesic), Meperidine (Demoerol),


    Drugs Methadone (Dolophine), Codeine/oxycodone (OxyContin)

    Name Agonist - antagonist opioids

    Mechanism antagonists act on mu and kappa receptors, lower potential for abuse, less
    of Action respiratory depression, and less analgesic effect compared to pure opioid
    agonists

    Therapeutic moderate to sever pain, treament of opioid dependence, adjunct to


    Uses balanced anesthesia,,

    Side Effects/ sedation, respiratory depression, dizziness, increased intracranial


    Precautions pressure, HA, increased cardiac workload. abstinence syndrome (for those
    who are dependant on opioids)

    Interactions additive CNS depression with other CNS depressants, opioid agonists may
    antagonize and reduce analgesic effects (do not use concurrently)

    Nursing/Pati caution when undisclosed opioid use is suspected. Again, opioid agonist
    ent teaching and opioid agonist antagonist should not be used together. Naloxone
    (narcan) is antidote

    Common butorphanol (Stadol), hydrochloride (Nubain), Buprenorphine


    Drugs hydrochloride (Buprenex)

    Adjuvant Medications for Pain: used with a primary pain medication,


    usually an opioid agonist in order to reduce opioid dosage to reduce side
    effects.

    NSAIDS treats inflammation.


    side effects: bone marrow suppresion, GI distress

    Tricyclic treats depression, neuropathic pain such as cramping/aching/burning.


    antidepress (amitriptyline (Elavil))
    ants side effects: orthostatic hypotension, sedation, anticholinergic effects

    Anticonvuls neuropathic pain (carbamazepine (Tegretol), gabapentin (Neurontin))


    ants side effects: bone marrow suprresion, GI distress

    CNS analgesia, decrease sedation. (methylphenidate (Ritalin))


    stimulants side effects: weight loss, insomnia

    Antihistami decrease anxiety, prevent insomnia and relieve nausea (hydroxyzine


    nes (Vistaril))
    Bisphospho manage hypercalcemia and bone pain (etidronate (Didronel))
    nates side effects: flu like symptoms, venous irritation, renal failure

    glucocortico decrease pain from intracranial pressure and spinal cord compression.
    ids (dexamethason (Didronel))
    side effects: adrenal insufficiency, osteoporosis, hypokalemia, glucose
    intolerance, peptic ulcer disease

    Name Migraine Meds

    Mechanism prevent inflammation and dilation of the intracranial blood vessels,


    of Action relieving migraine pain

    Therapeutic stopping acute migraine attacks, prevention of chronic migrains


    Uses

    Side Effects/ depends on type (pg 473)


    Precautions

    Interactions depends on type

    Nursing/Pati avoid trigger factors that cause stress (alcohol, fatigue, tyramine
    ent teaching containing foods (aged cheese))

    Common Ergot alkaloids: ergotamine (Ergostat)


    Drugs Serotonin receptor agonist: sumatriptan (Imitrex)
    Beta Blockers: propranolol (Inderal)
    Anticonvulsants: divalproex (Depakote)
    Tricyclic antidepressants: anitriptyline (Elavil)
    Calcium channel blockers: verapamil (Calan)
    Estrogens: Estraderm
    Ergot alkaloids: Cafergot

    Name Local Anesthetics

    Mechanism decrease pain by blocking conduction of pain impulses in a specific area


    of Action

    Therapeutic dental procedures, minor surgical procedures, labor and delivery, regional
    Uses anesthesia, skin and mucous membrane disorders, minor procedures (IV
    insertion, injection, wart removal)

    Side Effects/ CNS excitation (seizures, followed by respiratory depression, leading to


    Precautions unconsciousness), hypotension, can prolong labor

    Interactions additive hypotensive effects with parenteral administration

    Nursing/ vasoconstrictors (epinephrine) often used in combination with local


    Patient anesthetic to stop the spread. topical cream applied one hour before
    teaching procedure.

    Common lidocaine (Xylocaine), tetracain (Pontocaine), procain (Novocain)


    Drugs

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