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    Centre of Mass

    Uploaded by

    Aditya Nanda
    The center of mass of an object is the single point where the entire mass of the object can be considered to be concentrated. It is defined by the vector sum of the position vectors of the individual particles of the object multiplied by their respective masses. For continuous objects, the summation is replaced by integration. The center of mass moves such that the total linear momentum of the system is conserved. The acceleration of the center of mass is equal to the total external force divided by the total mass. A body is in translational or rotational equilibrium when the net external force or torque on it is zero. Equilibrium can be stable, unstable, or neutral depending on how the body responds to small disturbances.

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    Centre of Mass

    Uploaded by

    Aditya Nanda
    342 views4 pages
    The center of mass of an object is the single point where the entire mass of the object can be considered to be concentrated. It is defined by the vector sum of the position vectors of the individual particles of the object multiplied by their respective masses. For continuous objects, the summation is replaced by integration. The center of mass moves such that the total linear momentum of the system is conserved. The acceleration of the center of mass is equal to the total external force divided by the total mass. A body is in translational or rotational equilibrium when the net external force or torque on it is zero. Equilibrium can be stable, unstable, or neutral depending on how the body responds to small disturbances.

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    The center of mass of an object is the single point where the entire mass of the object can be considered to be concentrated. It is defined by the vector sum of the position vectors of the individual particles of the object multiplied by their respective masses. For continuous objects, the summation is replaced by integration. The center of mass moves such that the total linear momentum of the system is conserved. The acceleration of the center of mass is equal to the total external force divided by the total mass. A body is in translational or rotational equilibrium when the net external force or torque on it is zero. Equilibrium can be stable, unstable, or neutral depending on how the body responds to small disturbances.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    342 views4 pages

    Centre of Mass

    Uploaded by

    Aditya Nanda
    The center of mass of an object is the single point where the entire mass of the object can be considered to be concentrated. It is defined by the vector sum of the position vectors of the individual particles of the object multiplied by their respective masses. For continuous objects, the summation is replaced by integration. The center of mass moves such that the total linear momentum of the system is conserved. The acceleration of the center of mass is equal to the total external force divided by the total mass. A body is in translational or rotational equilibrium when the net external force or torque on it is zero. Equilibrium can be stable, unstable, or neutral depending on how the body responds to small disturbances.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Centre of Mass

    Definition:

    The centre of mass of the system is defined as the point in space, so that moment of the mass of the
    system about a reference point (origin), when whole of the system is supposed to be concentrated
    at it (centre of mass) is equal to the vector sum of the momenta of the masses, of individual particles
    around the reference point.

    If is the position vector of the centre of mass,

    Or,

    Here, M = mass of the body.

    The centre of mass after removal of a part of a body

    If a portion of a body is taken out, the remaining portion may be considered as, original mass (M) -mass of
    the removed part (m)

    = {Original mass (M)} + {- mass of the removed part (m)}


    The formula changes to:

    X (cm) = (Mx-mx') / (M-m) and Y (cm) = (My-my') / (M-m)


    Where primed ones represent the coordinate of the C.M. of the removed part.

    Continuous system:

    For a continuous distribution of mass, we can treat an element of mass dm at any position as a
    point mass and replace the summation by integration as shown below:

    Rcm = 1/M x dm
    So, we get Xcm = 1/M x dm
    Ycm = 1/M y dm
    Zcm = 1/M z dm,
    Motion of Centre of Mass

    Vcm = m1v1+m2v2/m1+m2

    Differentiating again, we can generate an expression for acceleration:

    acm = m1a1+m2a2/m1+m2

    So, (m1+m2) acm = m1a1+m2a2

    Fcm = F1+ F2 + .

    Here, Fcm = M (acm)

    Here M is the total mass of the system.

    Hence the total mass of the system times the acceleration of its centre of mass is equal to vector
    sum of all the forces acting on the group of particles.

    A rigid body is said to be in equilibrium if the forces acting on it do not change its state of rest or of
    uniform motion (linear or rotational).

    This means if a body is at rest it should remain at rest. If the body is in motion, it should keep on
    moving with uniform velocity (may be linear or angular). Accordingly the equilibrium is classified
    into following two categories:

    (a) Translatory equilibrium

    A body is said to be in translatory equilibrium if its centre of mass possess no linear acceleration
    in an inertial frame of reference. For a body to be in translatory equilibrium the basic condition is
    that the vector sum of all the external forces acting on the body should be zero. In such case a
    body at rest will remain at rest. This equilibrium is static equilibrium. A body moving with uniform
    velocity, along a straight line, will keep on doing so. This equilibrium is termed as dynamic
    translatory equilibrium.
    (b) Rotatory equilibrium

    A body is said to be in rotatory equilibrium if it possesses no angular acceleration about any axis
    in an inertial frame.

    For the body to be in rotatory equilibrium the basic condition is that the vector sum of all the external
    torques acting on the body is zero.

    For a body to be in equilibrium is must satisfy both the conditions stated above simultaneously, i.e.

    (a) The vector sum of all the external forces acting on the body should vanish.

    (b) The vector sum of all the external torque acting on the body should vanish.

    Types of equilibrium.

    Equilibrium can be classified into three categories

    (a) Stable equilibrium

    The equilibrium of a body is said to stable if, on being slightly disturbed, it tends to come back to
    its original position.

    (b) Unstable equilibrium

    The body is said to be in unstable equilibrium if on being slightly disturbed, it shows no tendency
    to come back to its original position and moves away from it.

    (c) Neutral equilibrium

    A body is said to be in neutral equilibrium if on being slightly displaced, it remains in the new
    position.

    Condition for stable equilibrium

    The degree of stability of the body depends upon the height of the centre of gravity of the body from the
    surface of support. Smaller the height of centre of gravity, greater is its stability.

    (a) The vertical drawn from centre of gravity should pass through the base.

    (b) The centre of gravity should be as low as possible.

    (c) The base should be as wide as possible.

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