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Frequency Division Multiplexing 1

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Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

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Frequency division multiplexing is the position of signal

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spectra in frequency such that each signal spectrum can be
separated out from all the others by filtering. FDM does
not preclude the use of other modulating methods.

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There are N signals in frequency, each is bandlimited to fm
Hz. In order to separate N signals in frequency, each is

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modulated with a carrier frequency fC1 , fC2 , , fCN. Using
DSB-LC, the spectral density of every modulated signal
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has a bandwidth of 2fm and each is centered at various
carrier frequencies fC1, fC2,, fCN. These carrier frequencies
are chosen far enough apart such that each signal spectral
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density is separated from all the others.


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Frequency Division Multiplexing 1


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Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

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f1 ( t )

fC1
f2 (t )

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fC 2

f3 ( t )

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ER fC 3

2 fm 2 fm 2 fm

f
fC 3 fC 2 fC1
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fC1 fC 2 fC 3
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Frequency Division Multiplexing 2


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Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

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f1 ( t )
@ f c1

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f2 (t )
@ fc 2

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f3 ( t )
@ fc3
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Receiver
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Frequency Division Multiplexing 3


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Y
Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

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In Telephony, the most widely used method of modulation in FDM is

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single sideband modulation, which, in the case of voice signals,
requires a bandwidth that is approximately equal to that of the original
voice signal. Each voice input is usually assigned a bandwidth of 4
KHz. The bandpass filters following the modulators are used to restrict

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the band of each modulated signal to its prescribed range. The resulting
bandpass filter outputs are combined in parallel to form the input to the
common channel.

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At the receiving terminal, a bank of bandpass filters, with their inputs
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connected in parallel, is used to separate the message signals on a
frequency-occupancy basis. The original message signals are recovered
by individual demodulators.
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Frequency Division Multiplexing 4


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Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

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CO
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ER
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Frequency Division Multiplexing 5


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Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

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ER
The first multiplexing step combines 12 voice
inputs into a basic group
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Frequency Division Multiplexing 6


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Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

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The first multiplexing step combines 12 voice inputs into a basic
group, which is formed by having the nth input modulate a carrier at

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frequency fc = 60 + 4n KHz, where n = 1,2, , 12. The lower
sidebands are then selected by bandpass filtering and combined to
form a group of 12 lower sidebands (one for each voice channel). Thus
the basic group occupies the frequency band 60 ~ 108 KHz.

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The next step in the FDM hierarchy involves the combination of five
basic groups into a supergroup. This is accomplished by using the nth

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group to modulate a carrier of frequency fc = 372 + 48n KHz, where
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n = 1, 2, , 5.
Note: fC1 = (372 + 48 ) = 420 KHz ; 420 KHz 108 KHz = 312 KHz
fC2 = (372 + 482 ) = 468 KHz ; 468 KHz 108 KHz = 360 KHz
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fC3 = (372 + 483 ) = 516 KHz ; 516 KHz 108 KHz = 408 KHz
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The supergroup occupies the frequency band 312 ~ 552 KHz. A


supergroup is designed to accommodate 60 independent voice inputs.
Frequency Division Multiplexing 7
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