Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 27 views

    HW11

    Uploaded by

    Bobby Tastr
    1. Sets of measure zero cannot contain intervals. If a set A has measure zero, then any collection of intervals whose union contains A must have total length/measure equal to 0. However, if A contained an interval (c,d), then the total length would be at least d-c > 0, a contradiction. 2. If a function f is Riemann integrable over [a,b] and positive over an interval (c,d) contained in [a,b], then the integral of f over [a,b] is positive. This is because f must be continuous almost everywhere, and sets of measure zero cannot contain intervals. 3. If G is non

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    HW11

    Uploaded by

    Bobby Tastr
    27 views2 pages
    1. Sets of measure zero cannot contain intervals. If a set A has measure zero, then any collection of intervals whose union contains A must have total length/measure equal to 0. However, if A contained an interval (c,d), then the total length would be at least d-c > 0, a contradiction. 2. If a function f is Riemann integrable over [a,b] and positive over an interval (c,d) contained in [a,b], then the integral of f over [a,b] is positive. This is because f must be continuous almost everywhere, and sets of measure zero cannot contain intervals. 3. If G is non

    Original Description:

    Advanced Calculus

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    1. Sets of measure zero cannot contain intervals. If a set A has measure zero, then any collection of intervals whose union contains A must have total length/measure equal to 0. However, if A contained an interval (c,d), then the total length would be at least d-c > 0, a contradiction. 2. If a function f is Riemann integrable over [a,b] and positive over an interval (c,d) contained in [a,b], then the integral of f over [a,b] is positive. This is because f must be continuous almost everywhere, and sets of measure zero cannot contain intervals. 3. If G is non

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views2 pages

    HW11

    Uploaded by

    Bobby Tastr
    1. Sets of measure zero cannot contain intervals. If a set A has measure zero, then any collection of intervals whose union contains A must have total length/measure equal to 0. However, if A contained an interval (c,d), then the total length would be at least d-c > 0, a contradiction. 2. If a function f is Riemann integrable over [a,b] and positive over an interval (c,d) contained in [a,b], then the integral of f over [a,b] is positive. This is because f must be continuous almost everywhere, and sets of measure zero cannot contain intervals. 3. If G is non

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    HW 11

    1. Prove that sets of measure zero contain no intervals.


    A has measure zero inf{
    P
    i=1 (bi ai ) : A i=1 (ai , bi )} = 0 where inf is taken
    over all collections of countable number of intervals which their union contains A.
    Suppose there is some interval (c, d) A
    Then for any collection of intervals {(ai , bi )} i=1 containing A,


    Pi=1 (ai , bi ) A (c, d)

    i=1 (bi ai ) > (d c) > 0 for all collection of intervals {(ai , bi )}i=1 containing A,
    then measure of A would be greater than or equal to d c > 0 which is a contradiction
    to A has measure zero.
    Therefore A contains no open interval, but this also implies that A cannot contain any
    interval.

    2. Let f : [a, b] R be Riemann integrable and nonnegative, with f positive over


    Rb
    (c, d) [a, b]. Then a f dx > 0.
    By the Lebesgue theorem, f must be continuous almost everywhere (discontinuous at
    a set of measure zero).
    Since by the previous problem, sets of measure zero contain no intervals,
    p (c, d) such that f is continuous at p.
    We have f (p) > 0.
    By continuity of f , , 0 < < min{b p, p a}, such that if |x p| 6 , then
    |f (x) f (p)| < f (p)
    2
    ,
    which implies that if |x p| 6 , then f (x) > f (p) 2
    R p+ R p+ f (p)
    p
    f > p 2
    = f (p) > 0 where we use the monotonicity property of the integral.
    R p
    Since f (x) > 0 for all x [a, b], again by monotonicity property, a f > 0 and
    Rb
    p+
    f >0
    combining
    Rb R pthe three
    R p+parts,R b
    a
    f = a f + p f + p+ f > f (p) > 0

    3. Let G : [a, b] R be nondecreasing and continuous over [a, b] and differentiable


    over (a, b). Suppose g is an extension of G0 to [a, b] that is Riemann integrable. Let
    f : [G(a), G(b)] R be Riemann integrable and have a primitive F , where F :
    [G(a), G(b)] R is continuous over [G(a), G(b)] and differentiable over (G(a), G(b)).
    Then Z G(b) Z b
    f (y)dy = f (G(x))g(x)dx
    G(a) a

    Let P = [p0 , , pl ] be the partition of [G(a), G(b)] associated with the primitive F .
    Let Q = [q0 , , qm ] be the partition of [a, b] associated with the primitive G.
    Since G is not strictly increasing, the inverse of G may not be well defined.
    Still, we can choose any of the points that maps to p1 , , pl1 to be G1 (p1 ), , G1 (pl1 ),
    and let G1 (p0 ) = a and G1 (pl ) = b.
    Then since G is nondecreasing, G1 (p0 ) 6 G1 (p1 ) 6 6 G1 (pl ).
    Let G1 (P ) = [G1 (p0 ), , G1 (pl )] and R = Q G1 (P ) = [r0 , , rn ].
    Then we have that F (G) is differentiable over (ri1 , ri ) (i = 1, , n).

    1
    By the Chain Rule we have
    F (G)0 (x) = F 0 (G(x))G0 (x) = f (G(x))g(x) for every x (ri1 , ri )
    So F (G) is a primitive of f (G)g over [a, b]
    The rest of the proof is the same as the increasing case. (Proposition 3.1 in the notes).
    R G(b) Rb
    4. Find an example such that G(a) f (y)dy = a f (G(x))g(x)dx fails.

    Let 
    x for x > 0
    f (x) =
    0 for x<0
    and G(x) = x2 then g(x) = 2x
    R G(b)a = 1 andR b1 = 1
    Let
    1
    R1 R0 Rb
    G(a)
    f (y)dy = 1 f (x)dx = 0 6= 2
    = 0
    2x3 dx + 1
    0dx = a
    f (G(x))g(x)dx

    You might also like