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    Logic Gates

    Uploaded by

    Mehar Gupta
    1. The document describes an experiment to study logic gates using integrated circuits. Basic gates like AND, OR, NOT, NAND, and NOR are realized using IC 7400, 7404, 7408, and 7432. 2. Key logic gates like AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and EX-OR are described along with their truth tables. Circuit diagrams show how to realize the gates using discrete ICs. 3. The experiment is conducted by connecting the ICs according to the circuit diagrams. Logic inputs of 0 and 1 are fed and the outputs are observed on LEDs to verify the truth tables. Realization of basic gates using only NAND and NOR gates are also

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    Logic Gates

    Uploaded by

    Mehar Gupta
    168 views6 pages
    1. The document describes an experiment to study logic gates using integrated circuits. Basic gates like AND, OR, NOT, NAND, and NOR are realized using IC 7400, 7404, 7408, and 7432. 2. Key logic gates like AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and EX-OR are described along with their truth tables. Circuit diagrams show how to realize the gates using discrete ICs. 3. The experiment is conducted by connecting the ICs according to the circuit diagrams. Logic inputs of 0 and 1 are fed and the outputs are observed on LEDs to verify the truth tables. Realization of basic gates using only NAND and NOR gates are also

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    1. The document describes an experiment to study logic gates using integrated circuits. Basic gates like AND, OR, NOT, NAND, and NOR are realized using IC 7400, 7404, 7408, and 7432. 2. Key logic gates like AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and EX-OR are described along with their truth tables. Circuit diagrams show how to realize the gates using discrete ICs. 3. The experiment is conducted by connecting the ICs according to the circuit diagrams. Logic inputs of 0 and 1 are fed and the outputs are observed on LEDs to verify the truth tables. Realization of basic gates using only NAND and NOR gates are also

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    168 views6 pages

    Logic Gates

    Uploaded by

    Mehar Gupta
    1. The document describes an experiment to study logic gates using integrated circuits. Basic gates like AND, OR, NOT, NAND, and NOR are realized using IC 7400, 7404, 7408, and 7432. 2. Key logic gates like AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and EX-OR are described along with their truth tables. Circuit diagrams show how to realize the gates using discrete ICs. 3. The experiment is conducted by connecting the ICs according to the circuit diagrams. Logic inputs of 0 and 1 are fed and the outputs are observed on LEDs to verify the truth tables. Realization of basic gates using only NAND and NOR gates are also

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are the different types of logic gates and their truth tables, as well as how to realize basic gates using NAND and NOR gates.

    The different types of logic gates discussed are NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR and EX-OR gates.

    Basic logic gates can be realized using NAND and NOR gates, which are called universal gates because any logical function can be implemented using only one type of gate.

    Objectives:

    1. Study of logic gates using ICs.


    2. Realization of basic gates using NAND & NOR gates (Universal gates).

    Apparatus:

    1. IC 7400, IC 7404, IC 7408, IC 7432, IC 7486 - 1No. each


    2. Connecting patch chords
    3. IC Trainer Kit.

    Theory:

    A logic gate performs a logical operation on one or more logic inputs and produces a single logic output. The logic is
    normally performed as Boolean logic and is most commonly found in digital circuits.

    The different types of logic gates are:

    i. NOT gate
    ii. OR gate
    iii. AND gate
    iv. EX-OR gate
    v. NAND gate
    vi. NOR gate

    Inverter or NOT gate:

    The inverter is a logic gate which has only one input & one output. In inverter a low input produces a high output and a
    high input produces a low output.

    Logic equation is: Digital IC for NOT: IC 7404.

    AND gate:

    AND gate is a logic gate Which can have two or more inputs. But there is only one output. The output of AND gate is high
    only if all inputs are high. Even if one input is low, the output will be low.

    Logic equation is: Y = AB Digital IC for AND: IC 7408.

    OR gate:

    An OR gate is a logic gate Which can have two or more inputs and a single output. The output of an OR gate is high if any
    of the inputs or all inputs are high. The output is low only if all the inputs are low.

    Logic equation is: Y= A + B Digital IC for OR: IC 7432.

    NAND gate:

    NAND gate is a combination of AND & NOT gates. Thus NAND gate is the inverse of AND gate. The output is low when
    all inputs are high. The output is high for all the remaining combinations.

    Logic equation is: Digital IC for NAND: IC 7400.


    NOR gate:

    NOR gate is a combination of OR & NOT gates. Thus NOR gate is the inverse of OR gate. When all or either of the
    inputs are high output is low. The output of NOR gate is high only when all inputs are low.

    Logic equation is: Digital IC for NOR: IC 7402.

    EX-OR gate:

    In EX-OR gate if either of the inputs is high, output will be high. If both the inputs are high output will be low. If both inputs
    are low then also output will be low.

    Logic equation is: Digital IC for EX-OR: IC 7486.

    Table. 1 Logic gates symbols and truth tables


    Circuit diagrams:

    Fig .1 NOT gate (IC 7404) Fig .2 AND gate (IC 7408)

    Fig .4 OR gate (IC 7432) Fig .5 NAND gate (IC 7400)

    Fig .6 NOR gate (IC 7402) Fig 7 EX-OR


    OR gate (IC 7486)
    Realization of basic gates using NAND gates:

    Realization of basic gates using NOR gates:

    OR GATE
    EXTRA:( Do not write in you lab record)

    Implementation of Half Adder and Full Adder using logic gates:

    Half Adder:

    Circuit Diagram Truth Table

    A B S C
    0 0 0 0
    0 1 1 0
    1 0 1 0
    1 1 0 1

    Full Adder:

    Circuit Diagram Truth Table


    A B Ci S Cout
    0 0 0 0 0
    0 0 1 1 0
    0 1 0 1 0
    0 1 1 0 1
    1 0 0 1 0
    1 0 1 0 1
    1 1 0 0 1
    1 1 1 1 1
    Procedure:

    1. Connect the NOT gate using digital ICs as shown in the figure .1.
    2. Use +5V for logic 1 and 0V for logic 0.
    3. Feed the logic signals 0 or 1 from the logic input switches at the inputs A & B.
    4. Monitor the output using LED indicators and verify its truth table.
    5. Repeat step l to 4 for all the remaining gates.

    Inference: Truth tables of all logic gates are verified.

    Viva Questions:

    1. Why NAND & NOR gates are called universal gates?


    2. Realize the EXOR gate using minimum number of NAND gates.
    3. Give the truth table for EX-NOR (EX-OR+NOT) and realize using NAND gates.
    4. Explain the operation of NAND gate when realized using discrete components.
    5. What are the logic low and High levels of TTL ICs and CMOS ICs.
    6. Compare TTL logic family with CMOS family.
    7. Which logic family is called fastest and which logic family is called low power dissipated.
    8. Explain the operation of OR, NOR gates when realized using discrete Components.
    9. Why the transistor operates as NOT gate.
    10. What is fan-in and fan-out?

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