1903

This article is about the year 1903. For the rie, see
M1903 Springeld.

1903 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thurs-

day (dominical letter D) of the Gregorian calendar and a
common year starting on Wednesday (dominical letter E)
of the Julian calendar, the 1903rd year of the Common
Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 903rd
year of the 2nd millennium, the 3rd year of the 20th cen-
tury, and the 4th year of the 1900s decade. As of the
start of 1903, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead
of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use
until 1923.

1 Events

1.1 January
Main article: January 1903
February 15: rst teddy bear.

January 19 The rst westeast transatlantic radio

broadcast is made from the United States to England
(the rst eastwest broadcast having been made in
1901).

1.2 February

Main article: February 1903

February 11 The Oxnard strike of 1903 becomes

the rst time in U.S. history that a labor union is
formed from members of dierent races.

February 15 Morris and Rose Michtom introduce

the rst teddy bear in the United States.

February 17 El Yunque National Forest in Puerto

Rico becomes part of the United States National
January 1: Edward VII becomes Emperor of India.
Forest System as the Luquillo Forest Reserve.

January 1 Edward VII is proclaimed Emperor of February 23 Cuba leases Guantnamo Bay to the
India. United States in perpetuity.

1
2 1 EVENTS

1.3 March May 18 The port of Burgas, Bulgaria opens.

Main article: March 1903 May 22 The White Star Liner, SS Ionic, is
launched.
May 24 The ParisMadrid race for automobiles
March 2 In New York City, the Martha Wash- begins, during which at least eight people are killed.
ington Hotel, the rst hotel exclusively for women,
opens. May 29 (O.S.) In the May coup d'tat, Alexander
I, King of Serbia, and Queen Draga, are assassinated
March 3 The British Admiralty announces plans in Belgrade by the Black Hand (Crna Ruka) organi-
to build a naval base at Rosyth. zation.
March 4 Beikta J.K. founded.
March 5 The Ottoman Empire and the 1.6 June
German Empire sign an agreement to build
the ConstantinopleBaghdad Railway. Main article: June 1903

March 12 The University of Puerto Rico is

founded.
March 14 The HayHerrn Treaty, granting the
United States the right to build the Panama Canal, is
ratied by the United States Senate. The Colombian
Senate later rejects the treaty.

1.4 April

April 29: The Frank Slide occurs

June 11: Alexander I
April 26 Atletico Madrid, as well known for pro-
fessional football club in Spain, ocially founded.[1]
June 11 Serbian King Alexander Obrenovi and
April 29 A 30-million-m3 landslide kills 70-90 in Queen Draga are assassinated.
Frank, Alberta.
June 14 The town of Heppner, Oregon, is nearly
April 29 The 7.0 Ms Manzikert earthquake aects destroyed by a cloud burst that resulted in a ash
eastern Turkey, leaving 3,500 dead. ood that kills an estimated 238 people.
June 27 19-year-old American socialite Aida de
1.5 May Acosta becomes the rst woman to y a powered
aircraft solo when she pilots Santos-Dumont's mo-
May 4 The leading Macedonian Bulgarian revo- torized dirigible, No. 9, from Paris to Chteau de
lutionary Gotse Delchev is killed in a skirmish with Bagatelle in France.[2]
the Turkish army.
1.10 October 3

September 14 Joseph Chamberlain resigns as

British Colonial Secretary, in order to campaign
publicly for Imperial Preference.

September 15 Grmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense

is founded in Porto Alegre, Brazil

September 24 Edmund Barton steps down as

Prime Minister of Australia and is succeeded by
Alfred Deakin.

September 27 The Wreck of the Old 97 Fast Mail

train at Stillhouse Trestle near Danville, Virginia
kills 11 people and inspires a ballad.[4]

September 29 Prussia becomes the rst locality to

require mandatory drivers licenses for operators of
motor vehicles.
July 23: 1903 Ford Model A.

1.10 October
1.7 July
October Frank Nelson Cole proves that 267 1
July 1July 19 First Tour de France bicycle race, is composite by factoring it as 193,707,721 *
won by Maurice Garin. 761,838,257,287 after trying every Sunday for 3
July 7 The British take over the Fulani Empire. years.

July 23 Dr. Ernst Pfenning of Chicago becomes October 1 First modern World Series: The Boston
the rst owner of a Ford Model A. Red Sox defeat the Pittsburgh Pirates.

July 29 Explosion of a United States Cartridge October 6 The High Court of Australia sits for the
Company magazine destroys 70 homes killing 22 rst time.
residents of Tewksbury, Massachusetts.[3]
October 10 The Womens Social and Political
July 30August 23 (July 17August 10, O.S.) Union is founded in the UK.
Second Congress of the All-Russian Social Demo-
cratic Labour Party held in exile in Brussels, trans-
ferring to London. 1.11 November

1.8 August
August 1 Famous frontierswoman and professional
scout Calamity Jane dies.
August 2 The IlindenPreobrazhenie Uprising, or-
ganized by the Secret Macedonian-Adrianople Rev-
olutionary Organization, breaks out in the Ottoman
provinces of Macedonia and Adrianople.
August 4 Pope Pius X succeeds Pope Leo XIII as
the 257th pope.
August 10 Paris Mtro train re takes place.
December 17: The rst ight by Orville Wright.
August 25 The Judiciary Act is passed in the Aus-
tralian parliament.
November 3 With the encouragement of the
United States, Panama proclaims itself independent
1.9 September from Colombia.

September 11 The rst stock car event is held at November 13 The United States recognizes the
the Milwaukee Mile. independence of Panama.
4 2 BIRTHS

November 17 The Russian Social Democratic January 12 Igor Kurchatov, Soviet physicist (d.
Labour Party splits into two groups; the Bolsheviks 1960)
(Russian for majority) and Mensheviks (Russian
for minority). January 16

November 18 The HayBunau-Varilla Treaty is Peter Brocco. American actor (d. 1992)
signed by the United States and Panama, giving the William Grover-Williams, French race car
U.S. exclusive rights over the Panama Canal Zone. driver and war hero (d. 1945)

November 23 Colorado Governor James Hamil- January 17 Warren Hull, American actor (d.
ton Peabody sends the state militia into the town of 1974)
Cripple Creek to break up a miners strike.
January 22 Fritz Houtermans, Polish physicist (d.
1966)
1.12 December January 23 Jorge Elicer Gaitn, Colombian
politician (d. 1948)
December 16 The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel in
Bombay opens its doors to guests. January 27 John Eccles, Australian neuropsychol-
ogist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or
December 17 Orville Wright ies an aircraft with
Medicine (d. 1997)
a petrol engine at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina in the
rst documented, successful, controlled, powered,
heavier-than-air ight. 2.2 February
December 30 Iroquois Theatre re in Chicago kills
600.

1.13 Date unknown

The LincolnLee Legion is established to promote
the American temperance movement and signing of
alcohol abstinence pledges by children.
The rst box of Crayola crayons is made and sold
for 5 cents. It contains 8 colors; brown, red, orange,
yellow, green, blue, violet and black.
Osea Island o Maldon, Essex, England, is bought
by Frederick Nicholas Charrington to provide an ad-
diction treatment centre.
Royal Eneld starts making Motor Cycles.
Texas State University in San Marcos, TX opens its
doors as Southwest Texas Normal School.
Foundation of the National Association for
Womens Surage (Sweden).

2 Births
Giulio Natta

2.1 January
February 2 Bartel Leendert van der Waerden,
January 6 Maurice Abravanel, Greek-born con- Dutch mathematician (d. 1996)
ductor (d. 1993)
February 3 Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 14th Duke
January 10 Barbara Hepworth, English sculptor (d. of Hamilton, Scottish nobleman and pioneering avi-
1975) ator (d. 1973)
January 11 Alan Paton, South African author and February 4 Alexander Imich, American parapsy-
anti-apartheid, activist. (d. 1988) chologist and chemist (d. 2014)
2.3 March 5

Raymond Queneau, French poet and novelist

(d. 1976)
February 22
Morley Callaghan, Canadian writer and media
personality (d. 1990)
Ain-Ervin Mere, Estonian Nazi (d. 1969)
Frank P. Ramsey, English mathematician (d.
1930)
February 24 Vladimir Bartol, Slove author (d.
1967)
February 26 Giulio Natta, Italian chemist, Nobel
Prize laureate (d. 1979)
February 27 Grethe Weiser, German actress (d.
1970)
February 28 Vincente Minnelli, American director
(d. 1986)

2.3 March

Tunku Abdul Rahman

February 6 Claudio Arrau, Chilean-born pianist

(d. 1991)
February 8
Greta Keller, Vienna-born cabaret singer and
actress (d. 1977)
Tunku Abdul Rahman, rst Prime Minister of
Malaysia (d. 1990)
February 10
Waldemar Hoven, German physician (d.
1948)
Matthias Sindelar, Austrian footballer (d.
1939)
February 11
Rex Lease, American actor (d. 1966)
Hans Redlich, Austrian composer (d. 1968)
February 13 Georges Simenon, French writer (d.
1989)
Adolf Butenandt
February 14 Stuart Erwin, American actor (d.
1967)
March 4
February 16 Edgar Bergen, American ventrilo-
quist (d. 1978) Luis Carrero Blanco, Spanish statesman (d.
1973)
February 21
William C. Boyd, American immunochemist
Anas Nin, French writer (d. 1977) (d. 1983)
6 2 BIRTHS

Dorothy Mackaill, British-born American ac- Doc Edgerton, American electrical engineer-
tress (d. 1990) ing (d. 1990)
John Scarne, American magician and card ex- April 9 Gregory Goodwin Pincus, American biol-
pert (d. 1985) ogist and researcher (b. 1967)
March 6 Empress Kjun, Empress consort of April 12 Jan Tinbergen, Dutch economist, Nobel
Japan (d. 2000) Prize laureate (d. 1994)
March 10 April 15 John Williams, English-born actor (d.
Bix Beiderbecke, American jazz musician (d. 1983)
1931) April 17
Clare Boothe Luce, American publisher and
writer (d. 1987) Gregor Piatigorsky, Russian cellist (d. 1976)
Morgan Taylor, American athlete (d. 1975)
March 11
April 19 Eliot Ness, American treasury agent (d.
Ronald Syme, New Zealand-born classicist 1957)
and historian (d. 1989)
Lawrence Welk, American television musician April 24 Jos Antonio Primo de Rivera, Spanish
(d. 1992) politician (d. 1936)

March 14 Mustafa Barzani, Kurdish politician (d. April 25 Andrey Kolmogorov, Russian mathe-
1979) matician (d. 1987)

March 18 Gian Galeazzo Ciano, 2nd Count of

Cortellazzo and Buccari, Italian aristocrat and diplo- 2.5 May
mat (d. 1944)

March 20 Edgar Buchanan, American actor (d.

1979)

March 21 Frank Sargeson, New Zealand writer (d.

1982)

March 24

Adolf Butenandt, German chemist, Nobel

Prize laureate (d. 1995)
Malcolm Muggeridge, English journalist (d.
1990)

March 25 Nahum Norbert Glatzer, Jewish-

American scholar (d. 1990)

March 27 Betty Balfour, English screen actress (d.

1977)

March 28 Rudolf Serkin, Austrian pianist (d.

1991)
Bing Crosby
March 31 H. J. Blackham, British humanist and
author (d. 2009)
May 2 Benjamin Spock, American pediatrician (d.
1998)
2.4 April
May 3 Bing Crosby, American singer and actor (d.
April 5 Hilda Bruce, British zoologist (d. 1974) 1977)

April 6 May 4 Luther Adler, American actor (d. 1984)

Mickey Cochrane, American baseball player May 6 Toots Shor, New York restaurateur (d.
(d. 1962) 1977)
2.6 June 7

Bakht Singh

Bob Hope

May 8 Fernandel, French actor (d. 1971)

May 10 Hans Jonas, German-born philosopher(d.

1993)

May 11 Charlie Gehringer, baseball player (d.

1993)

May 18 Frits Warmolt Went, Dutch botanist (d.

1990)

May 24 Lofton R. Henderson, American naval avi-

ator, died in the Battle of Midway (d. 1942)

May 25 Binnie Barnes, English actress (d. 1988)

May 29 Bob Hope, English-born American come-

dian and actor (d. 2003)

2.6 June
June 1 Vasyl Velychkovsky Ukrainian bishop (d. Theo Lingen
1973)

June 6 June 10 Theo Lingen, German actor (d. 1978)

Aram Khachaturian, Armenian composer (d. June 12 Emmett Hardy, American musician (d.
1978) 1925)
Bakht Singh, Indian evangelist, well-known
bible teacher and preacher (d. 2000) June 15 Huldreich Georg Frh, Swiss composer
(d. 1945)
June 8 Marguerite Yourcenar, Belgian-French au-
thor (d. 1987) June 18
8 2 BIRTHS

Jeanette MacDonald, American singer and ac-

tress (d. 1965)
Raymond Radiguet, French author (d. 1923)
June 19
Lou Gehrig, American baseball player (d.
1941)
Wally Hammond, English cricketer (d. 1965)
June 20 Eddie Laughton, British-born American
lm actor (d. 1952)
June 21 Al Hirschfeld, American caricaturist (d.
2003)
June 22
John Dillinger, American bank robber (d.
1934)
Jiro Horikoshi, Japanese aircraft designer (d.
1982)
Ben Pollack, American jazz drummer and Alec Douglas-Home
bandleader (d. 1971)
Ben Robertson, American novelist, journalist, July 4 Corrado Bale, Italian Catholic cardinal (d.
and war correspondent (d. 1943) 2005)
June 23 Frances Dewey Wormser, American stage July 6 Hugo Theorell, Swedish scientist, recipient
actress, entertainer and vaudeville performer (d. of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
2008) 1982)
June 25
July 10 lida Grubba, Brazilian supercentenarian
Pierre Brossolette, French journalist and resis- (d. 2016)
tance ghter (d. 1944)
July 11 Tae Ito, Japanese supercentenarian
George Orwell, English author (d. 1950)
July 13 Kenneth Clark, English art historian (d.
June 26 Big Bill Broonzy, American blues singer 1983)
and composer (d. 1958). Some sources give his year
of birth as 1893 July 14 Thomas D. Clark, American historian (d.
2005)
June 28 Olga Yvonne Agar, Mauritian supercente-
narian July 21 Roy Neuberger, American nancier and
art collector (d. 2010)
June 29 Alan Blumlein, British electronics engi-
neer (d. 1942) July 27 Michail Stasinopoulos, 1st President of
Greece (d. 2002)

2.7 July
2.8 August
July 1 Amy Johnson, English aviator (d. 1941)
August 3
July 2
Habib Bourguiba, former President of Tunisia
Harwell Hamilton Harris, American architect
(d. 2000)
(d. 1990)
Fahri Korutrk, former President of Turkey
Alec Douglas-Home, Prime Minister of the
(d. 1987)
United Kingdom (d. 1995)
King Olav V of Norway (d. 1991) August 6 Virginia Foster Durr, American civil
rights activist (d. 1999)
July 3 Ace Bailey, Canadian hockey player (d.
1992) August 7
2.9 September 9

Rudolph Ising, cartoon animator (d. 1992)

Louis Leakey, British archaeologist (d. 1972)

August 13 Chubby Johnson, American actor (d.

1974)

August 14 Lodewijk Bruckman, Dutch painter (d.

1995)

August 17 Delphine Gibson, oldest living Ameri-

can, since February 5, 2017. And 16th oldest living
person

August 19 James Gould Cozzens, American writer

(d. 1978)

August 24 Graham Sutherland, English artist (d.

1980)

August 26 Ian Dalrymple, British screenwriter,

lm director and producer (d. 1989)

August 31

Arthur Godfrey, American radio and televi-

sion host (d. 1983)
Hugh Harman, cartoon animator (d. 1982) Claudette Colbert

September 7
2.9 September
Dorothy Marie Donnelly, American poet (d.
1994)
Shimaki Kensaku, Japanese author (d. 1945)
John Kloza, Polish professional baseball player
and manager (d. 1962)

September 8 Jane Arbor, British writer (d. 1994)

September 9

Lev Shankovsky, Ukrainian military historian

(d. 1995)
Edward Upward, English author (d. 2009)
Phyllis Whitney, American mystery writer (d.
2008)

September 10 Cyril Connolly, English critic and

writer (d. 1974)

September 11 Theodor Adorno, German philoso-

pher (d. 1969)

September 13 Claudette Colbert, American ac-

tress (d. 1996)

September 15
Theodor Adorno Roy Acu, American country musician (d.
1992)
September 2 Fred Pratt Green, British Methodist Yisrael Kristal, Israeli supercentenarian, last
minister and hymn writer (d. 2000) known living man, born in 1903
10 2 BIRTHS

September 17 Karel Miljon, Dutch boxer (d. October 26 Bill Allington, American baseball
1984) player and manager (d. 1966)

September 21 Preston Tucker, American automo- October 28 Evelyn Waugh, English writer (d.
bile designer (d. 1956) 1966)
September 22 Joseph Valachi, American gangster October 29 Vivian Ellis, English composer and
(d. 1971) lyricist (d. 1996)
September 25

Abul A'la Maududi, Pakistani journalist, the- 2.11 November

ologian, and philosopher (d. 1979)
Mark Rothko, Latvian-born painter (d. 1970)

September 30 Lyle Goodhue, American chemist,

inventor and entomologist (d. 1981)

2.10 October
October 1 Vladimir Horowitz, Russian pianist (d.
1989)

October 4 John Vincent Atanaso, American

computer engineer (d. 1995)

October 5 M. King Hubbert, American geophysi-

cist (d. 1989)

October 6 Ernest Walton, Irish physicist, Nobel

Prize laureate (d. 1995)

October 9 Walter O'Malley, American baseball

executive (d. 1979)
Konrad Lorenz
October 10 Bei Shizhang, Chinese biologist and
educator (d. 2009)

October 16 Cecile de Brunho, French storyteller November 1 Max Adrian, Northern Irish actor (d.
(d. 2003) 1973)

October 18 Lina Radke, German athlete (d. 1983) November 2 Edgard Potier, Belgian spy (d. 1944)
October 22 November 3
George Wells Beadle, American geneticist, re- Walker Evans, American photographer (d.
cipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or 1975)
Medicine (d. 1989)
Charles Rigoulot, French weightlifter (d.
Zlatyu Boyadzhiev, Bulgarian painter (d.
1962)
1976)
Jerome Curly Howard Horwitz, American November 4 Watchman Nee, Chinese preacher
comedian and actor (The Three Stooges) (d. and church leader (d. 1972)
1952)
November 6 Carl Rakosi, German-born poet (d.
October 23 Thaddeus B. Hurd, American architect 2004)
and historian (d. 1989)
November 7 Konrad Lorenz, Austrian zoolo-
October 25 gist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine (d. 1989)
Katharine Byron, American politician (d.
1976) November 8 Alfred Thambiayah, Ceylon Tamil
Harry Shoulberg, American painter (d. 1995) businessman and politician (d. )
 11

November 11 Blessed Victoria Dez Bustos de John von Neumann, Hungarian-born mathe-
Molina, Spanish teacher and religious woman (d. matician (d. 1957)
1936)
December 31 Nathan Milstein, Ukrainian violinist
November 19 Nancy Carroll, American actress (d. (d. 1992)
1965)

November 25 DeHart Hubbard, American

Olympic athlete (d. 1976)
3 Deaths
November 27 Lars Onsager, Norwegian chemist, 3.1 JanuaryJune
Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1976)

November 29 E. Harold Munn, American temper-

ance movement leader and presidential candidate (d.
1992)

2.12 December
December 4

Lazar Lagin, Soviet writer (d. 1979)

A. L. Rowse, English historian (d. 1997)

December 5

Johannes Heesters, Dutch singer and actor (d.

2011)
Cecil Frank Powell, British physicist, Nobel
Prize laureate (d. 1969)

December 12

Dagmar Nordstrom, American composer and

pianist (d. 1976)
Yasujir Ozu, Japanese lm director (d. 1963)

December 13 Ella Baker, American civil rights ac-

tivist (d. 1986)

December 16 Harold Whitlock, British Olympic

athlete (d. 1985) Saint Gemma Galgani
December 17 Erskine Caldwell, American author
(d. 1987) January 3 Alois Hitler, Austrian civil servant, fa-
December 19 George Davis Snell, American ge- ther of Adolf Hitler (b. 1837)
neticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology January 4 Alexandr Aksakov, Russian writer (b.
or Medicine (d. 1996) 1832)
December 22 Haldan Keer Hartline, American January 5 Prxedes Mateo Sagasta, Spanish politi-
physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1983) cian, former Prime Minister (b. 1825)
December 24 Joseph Cornell, American sculptor January 17 Quintin Hogg, British philanthropist
(d. 1972) (b. 1845)
December 26 Elisha Cook Jr., American actor (d. January 28
1995)
Augusta Holms, French composer (b. 1847)
December 28
Robert Planquette, French composer (b.
Earl Hines, American jazz pianist (d. 1983) 1850)
12 3 DEATHS

Apolinario Mabini

Josiah Willard Gibbs

Paul Gauguin King Alexander I of Serbia

February 1 Sir George Gabriel Stokes, Irish math- February 14 Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of
ematician and physicist (b. 1819) Austria (b. 1831)

February 7 James Glaisher, English meteorologist February 22 Hugo Wolf, Austrian composer (b.
and aeronaut (b. 1809) 1860)
3.2 JulyDecember 13

February 26 Richard Jordan Gatling, American in-

ventor (b. 1818)

March 4 Joseph Henry Shorthouse, English nov-

elist (b. 1834)

March 5 Gaston Paris, French scholar (b. 1839)

March 13 George Granville Bradley, English vicar

and scholar (b. 1821)

March 16 Roy Bean, American pioneer (b. 1825)

March 28 mile Baudot, French telegraph engi-

neer (b. 1845)

April 4 Margaret Ann Neve, supercentenarian (b.

1792)

April 11 Gemma Galgani, Italian mystic and

Catholic saint (b. 1878)

April 13 Moritz Lazarus, German philosopher (b.

1824)

April 19 Oliver Mowat, Canadian politician (b. Pope Leo XIII

1820)

April 28 Josiah Willard Gibbs, American physical

chemist (b. 1839)

April 29 Stuart Robson, American stage actor and

comedian (b. 1836)

May 4 Gotse Delchev, Bulgarian revolutionary (b.

1872)

May 8 Paul Gauguin, French painter (b. 1848)

May 13 Apolinario Mabini, Filipino political the-

oretician and Prime Minister (b.1864)

June 9 Gaspar Nez de Arce, Spanish poet (b.

1834)

June 11

Nikolai Bugaev, Russian mathematician (b.

1837)
Draga Main, Serbian queen consort (b. 1861)
Alexander I, King of Serbia (b. 1876)

June 19 Herbert Vaughan, English Catholic cardi-

nal and archbishop (b. 1832)

Lord Salisbury
3.2 JulyDecember
July 2 Ed Delahanty, American baseball player and July 11 William Ernest Henley, English poet,
MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1867) critic, and editor (b. 1849)

July 3 Harriet Lane, Acting First Lady of the July 13 Bni Kllay, Austro-Hungarian statesman
United States (b. 1830) (b. 1839)
14 4 NOBEL PRIZES

July 20 Pope Leo XIII, Italian Roman Catholic

Pope (b. 1810)

August 1 Calamity Jane, American frontier-

swoman (b. 1852)

August 5 Phil May, English artist (b. 1864)

August 8 Adolf Schiel, German-born ocer in

Boer armed forces (b. 1858)

August 11 Eugenio Mara de Hostos, Puerto Rican

philosopher and sociologist (b. 1839)

August 17 Hans Gude, Norwegian painter (b.

1825)

August 22 Lord Salisbury, Prime Minister of the

United Kingdom (b. 1830)

August 23 Fray Mocho, Argentine writer (b.

1858)

September 13 Carl Schuch, Austrian painter (b.

1846)

September 18 Alexander Bain, Scottish philoso-

pher (b. 1818)
Theodor Mommsen
October 4 Otto Weininger, Austrian-Jewish author
(b. 1880)

October 20 Thomas Vincent Welch, American

politician (b. 1850)

October 22 William Edward Hartpole Lecky, Irish

historian and member of the House of Commons (b.
1838)

November 1 Theodor Mommsen, German writer,

Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1817)

November 13 Camille Pissarro, French painter (b.

1830)

November 25 Sabino Arana, Spanish Basque

writer and nationalist (b. 1865)

December 8 Herbert Spencer, English philosopher

(b. 1820)

4 Nobel Prizes
Physics Antoine Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie,
and Marie Curie

Camille Pissarro Chemistry Svante August Arrhenius

Medicine Niels Ryberg Finsen

Literature Bjrnstjerne Bjrnson

July 17 James McNeill Whistler, American
painter (b. 1834) Peace William Randal Cremer
 15

5 References
[1] Atletico Madrid Club History. AtleticoFans. Retrieved
2017-01-16.

[2] Women in Transportation Changing Americas History:

Reference Materials (PDF). United States Department of
Transportation. March 1998. p. 10. Retrieved 2012-08-
21.

[3] U.S. Cartridge Company (PDF). Lowell Land Trust.

Retrieved 2013-02-06.

[4] Scott, Alfred P. (1965). Wreck of the Old 97: The Ori-
gins of a Modern Traditional Ballad (pdf). Retrieved
2011-11-25.

Gilbert, Martin (1997). 1903. A History of the

Twentieth Century, Volume One: 1900-1933. New
York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-688-10064-3.
16 6 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

6 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

6.1 Text
1903 Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903?oldid=769021634 Contributors: 0, Magnus Manske, The Epopt, Derek Ross, Mav,
Bryan Derksen, Koyaanis Qatsi, Jeronimo, Arcade~enwiki, Karl E. V. Palmen, Eclecticology, Danny, Enchanter, Deb, SimonP, Pri-
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Spliced, Looxix~enwiki, Synthetik, Rlandmann, , LittleDan, Salsa Shark, Hectorthebat, JASpencer, RodC, Zoicon5, As-
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calBender, Dimadick, MK~enwiki, Robbot, NightCrawler, RedWolf, Macarenaman, Elbibop48, Mirv, Rholton, Auric, Timrollpicker-
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MacInnis, Grunt, Lacrimosus, EugeneZelenko, Rich Farmbrough, Guanabot, Mjpieters, Guanabot2, Bender235, VMORO, Vanished user
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Thebeginning, Ben davison, Billlund, Stephen Turner, Jaardon, Noodhoog, Ksnow, Dismas, Falcorian, Woohookitty, ScottDavis, Jpers36,
TheoClarke, Ardfern, Marudubshinki, Emerson7, Graham87, Island, Enzo Aquarius, Angusmclellan, Tim!, Tangotango, Watcharakorn,
FlaBot, TheMidnighters, JYOuyang, CrazyC, Chobot, Noble Skuld the Legend Killer, DBD, Gaius Cornelius, CambridgeBayWeather, Roy-
albroil, Badagnani, LiniShu, ToddC4176, Wknight94, KevG, Lt-wiki-bot, David Justin, GrinBot~enwiki, Burnwelk, SmackBot, Mkjuon,
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sky, SchftyThree, Droll, Akanemoto, Darius Dhlomo, J. Spencer, Colonies Chris, GoodDay, Zvar, Zdravko mk, DMacks, Ugur Basak
Bot~enwiki, SashatoBot, Xdamr, FunkyFly, BrownHairedGirl, Axem Titanium, Prof02, J 1982, Soumyasch, Acumen76, Ludahai, Ned-
dyseagoon, Peteboro, Clarityend, Longshot14, Dlohcierekim, Ouishoebean, Dgw, Future Perfect at Sunrise, Kanags, Thijs!bot, Anyo
Niminus, Wikid77, 2Pac, Willworkforicecream, Figureground, Einbierbitte, Missvain, Ronald W Wise, Ackatsis, JustAGal, Jonny-mt,
AgentPeppermint, D.H, Ludde23, Nick Number, Blathnaid, Dawnseeker2000, Escarbot, Sbandrews, Histrydude, Brendandh, JAnDbot,
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plimek, Sasajid, Rrostrom, Numbo3, Salmon1, Thaurisil, Skinman06, NewEnglandYankee, Juliancolton, DorganBot, CekoMK~enwiki,
Almeida.rs, Idioma-bot, Pkocovski, VolkovBot, Aciram, Kyle the bot, HHHTWW, Barneca, TXiKiBoT, Cosmic Latte, Leonidaa,
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tle Mountain 5, Pm61d, Addbot, JackUKElliott, Jtyroler, Blue954, CarsracBot, Chzz, Favonian, Mdnavman, Tassedethe, Numbo3-bot,
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prove, FoxBot, Trappist the monk, SeoMac, EmausBot, John of Reading, Yggdrasilius, WikitanvirBot, NO nAmE BG, Werieth, HiW-Bot,
ChuispastonBot, ClueBot NG, ATX-NL, Movses-bot, Editr, Frietjes, Pluma, Krin5292, Vagobot, Jahnavisatyan, JuniperRed, Tamravid-
hir, HotdogPi, Changeful, EvergreenFir, Ersene, Bogdan Kosar, SaucyJimmy, Bob3458, GeoreyT2000, Michael0986, Slimdog45, Toliuz,
Marintosalla, Bariubaro, PseudoSkull, Barimarta, Strimpinola, LarinoBabis, NCTb, I2padams, Librarian22 and Anonymous: 265

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18 6 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

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