Acceleration

foot/second2, meter/second2, gal, galileo, inch/second2

1 m/s2 = 3.28084 ft/s2 = 100 cm/s2 = 39.37 inch per second squared (inch/s2)

1 ft/s2 = 0.3048 m/s2 = 30.48 cm/s2

1 g = 9.80665 m/s2 = 32.17405 ft/s2

Angle

1 circle = 360 degrees = 400 grades = 21600 minutes = 6.28318 radians = 12 signs

1 circumference = 360 degrees = 6.28318 radians

1 radian = 0.15915 circumference = 57.29578 degree = 3437.747 minute = 0.63662

quadrant = 0.15915 revolution = 206265 second

.........

Area

acre, are, barn, sq.ft., sq.in., foot2, hectare, inch2, mile2, section, meter2, township, yard2, hectares

1 m2 = 1550 in2 = 10.764 ft2 = 1.1968 yd2 = 3.86110-7 mile2

1 ft2 = 0.0929 m2 = 144 in2 = 0,1111 yd2 = 3.58710-8 mile2

1 in2 = 6.452 cm2 = 6.45210-4 m2 = 6.94410-3 ft2 = 7.71610-4 yd2 = 2.49110-10 mile2

1 yd2 = 0.8361 m2 = 1,296 in2 = 9 ft2 = 0.322810-6 mile2

1 mile2 = 2.590106 m2 = 0.40151010 in2 = 2.788107 ft2 = 3.098106 yd2=640 Acres

1 acre = 1/640 square mile = 0.404686 ha (Hectares) = 4,046.86 m2 = 43,560.174 Sq.Ft.

(Int) = 43,560 Sq.Ft. (US Survey) = 4840 Sq.Yds. = 40.46873 are

1 km2 = 102 ha2 = 106 m2 = 1010 cm2 = 1012 mm2

1 ha (Hectare) = 104 m2 = 108 cm2 = 1010 mm2 = 2.471 Acres

1 cm2 = 10-4 m2 = 0.155 in2

 1 mm2 = 1.5510-3in2

1 township = 36 square mile = 23040 acre = 36 section = 9.323957 107 m2 = 9324 hectare
= 93.24 square kilometer

1 section = 1 square mile = 2.59 106 m2 = 2.59 square kilometer = 259 hectare = 3.0976
106 square yards = 640 acre =

1 are = 0.024711 acre (Int) = 1 sq dekameter = 1076.39 sq foot = 100 sq meter =

3.8610210-5 sq mile = 119.599 sq yard

1 barn = 110-24 sq cm

1 centiare = 0.01 are = 10.764 sq foot = 1550 sq inch = 1 sq meter = 1.19599 sq yard

1 circular mil = 110-6 circular inch = 5.0670710-6 sq cm = 7.8539810-7 sq inch =

0.000507 sq mm = 0.7854 sq mill

1 hectare = 2.471 acre 0 100 are = 1108 sq cm = 107639.1 sq foot = 10000 sq meter =
0.00386 sq mile = 395.367 sq rod

Capacitance

1 abfarad = 1109 farad = 11015 microfarad = 8.987551020 statfarad

1 farad = 110-9 abfarad = 1.00049 farads (nt) = 1106 microfarad = 8.987551011

statfarad

Conductance

1 abmho = 1000 megamho = 1109 mho = 8.987551020 statmho

Current

1 abampere = 10 ampere = 1.0363810-4 faraday/sec(chem) = 2.997921010 statampere =

1 biot

1 ampere = 0.1 abampere = 1.00015 ampere (Int) = 1 coulomb/sec = 1.0363810-5

faraday/sec (chem) 1106 microampere = 1000 milliampere = 2.99792109 statampere

1 ampere (Int) = 0.99985 ampere

1 biot = 10 ampere
Density

kg/cubic meter, gram/centimeter3, lmb/cubic inch, lbm/cubic foot, slug/cubic foot, kilogram/cubic
meter, lbm/gallon (US liq)

Density Water 1,000 kg/m3 = 62.43 Lbs./Cu.Ft = 8.33 Lbs./Gal. = 0.1337 Cu.Ft./Gal.

1 lb/ft3 = 16.018 kg/m3 = 0.016 g/cm3 = 0.00926 oz/in3 = 2.57 oz/gal (Imperial) = 2.139
oz/gal (U.S.) = 0.0005787 lb/in3 = 27 lb/yd3 = 0.161 lb/gal (Imperial) = 0.134 lb/gal (U.S)
= 0.0121 ton/yd3

1 slug/ft3 = 515.379 kg/m3

1 kg/l = 62.43 lb/ft3

1 kg/m3 = 0.001 g/cm3 = 0.0005780 oz/in3 = 0.16036 oz/gal (Imperial) = 0.1335 oz/gal
(U.S.) = 0.0624 lb/ft3 = 0.000036127 lb/in3 = 1.6856 lb/yd3 = 0.010022 lb/gal (Imperial)
= 0.008345 lb/gal (U.S) = 0.0007525 ton/yd3

Electric Charge

1 abcoulomb = 0.00278 ampere-hour = 10 coulomb = 6.241511019 electronic charge =

1.0363210-4 faraday (chem) = 2.997921010 statcoulomb

1 ampere hour = 360 abcoulomb = 3600 coulomb = 0.03731 faraday (chem)

1 coulomb = 0.1 abcoulomb = 0.000278 ampere hour = 1 ampere second = 1.00015002

coulomb (Int) = 1.036310-5 faraday (chem) = 1.036010-5 faraday (phys) = 2.9979109
statcoulomb

Electromotive Force, Voltage Difference

abvolt = 0.01 microvolt = 110-5 millivolt = 110-8 volt

Energy

British Thermal Unit (Btu), calorie, joule, kilojoule, electron volt, erg, foot lbf, foot poundal,
kilocalorie, kilowatt hour, watt hour,

1 J (Joule) = 0,1020 kpm = 2.77810-7 kWh = 2.38910-4 kcal = 0.7376 ft lbf = 1 (kg
m2)/s2 = 1 watt second = 1 Nm = 1 ft lb = 9.47810-4 Btu

1 kpm = 9.80665 J = 2.72410-6 kWh = 2.34210-3 kcal = 7.233 ft lbf = 9.29510-3 Btu

1 kWh = 3.6106 J = 3.671105 kpm = 859.9 kcal = 2.656106 ft lbf = 3.412103 Btu
 1 kJ = 1 kNm = 1kWs = 103 J = 0.947813 Btu = 737.6 ft lbf = 0.23884 kcal

1 Btu (British thermal unit) = 1,055.06 J = 107.6 kpm = 2.9287510-4 kWh = 251.996
calorie = 0.252 kcal = 777.649 ft lbf = 1.05441010 erg = 0.293 watt hour = 0.999331 Btu
(Int Steam Tab) = 0.998560 Btu (mean) = 25020.1 foot-poundal = 107.514 kg force meter
= 1.0751107 gram-force cm = 0.000393 hp-hour = 10.456 liter atm = 1054.35
wattsecond

1 cal = 4.186 J

1 kcal = 4186,8 J = 426,9 kp m = 1.16310-3 kWh = 3.088 ft lbf = 3.9683 Btu = 1,000 cal

1 ft lbf (foot pound force) = 1.3558 J = 0.1383 kp m = 3.76610-7 kWh = 3.23810-4 kcal
= 1.28510-3 Btu

1 hp h (horse power hour) = 2.6846106 J = 0.7457 kWh

1 erg = 1 (g cm2)/s2 = 10-7 J

1 eV = 1.60210-19 J

1 Q = 1018 Btu = 1.0551021 J

1 Quad = 1015 Btu

1 Therm = 100,000 Btu

1 kg m = 7.233 ft lb = 0.00929 Btu = 9.806 Joule

Energy per unit mass

1 kJ/kg = 1 J/g = 0.4299 Btu/ lbm = 0.23884 kcal/kg

Flow see Volume flow

Force

dyne, kilogram force (kgf), kilopound force, kip, lbf (pound force), ounce force (avoirdupois),
poundal, newton

1 N (Newton) = 0.1020 kp = 7.233 pdl = 7.233/32.174 lbf = 0.2248 lbf = 1 (kg m)/s2 = 105
dyne = 1/9.80665 kgf

1 lbf (Pound force) = 4.44822 N = 0.4536 kp = 32.17 pdl = 4.448105 dyn

 1 dyn = 1 (g cm)/s2

1 kg has a weight of 1 kp

1 kp (Kilopond) = 9.80665 N = 2.205 lbf = 70.93 pdl

1 pdl (Poundal) = 0.13826 N = 0.01409 kp = 0.03108 lbf

Frequency

1 hertz = 1 cycle/sec

Heat flow rate

1 Btu/sec = 1,055.1 W

1 kW (kJ/s) = 102.0 kpm/s = 859.9 kcal/h = 3,413 Btu/h = 1.360 hk = 1.341 hp = 738 ft
lb/s = 1,000 J/s = 3.6106 J/h

1 kpm/s = 9.806710-3 kW = 8.432 kcal/h = 32.47 Btu/h = 0.01333 hk = 0.01316 hp =

7.237 ft lb/s

1 kcal/h = 1.16310-3 kW = 0.1186 kpm/s = 3.969 Btu/h = 1.58210-3 hk = 1.56010-3 hp

= 0.8583 ft lb/s

1 Btu/h = 2.93110-4 kW = 0.0299 kpm/s = 0.252 kcal/h = 3.98610-4 hk = 3.93910-4 hp

= 0.2163 ft lb/s

1 kcal/h = 1.1610-3 kW

1 hk (metric horse power) = 0.735499 kW = 75.00 kpm/s = 632.5 kcal/h = 2,510 Btu/h =
0.9863 hp = 542.8 ft lb/s

1 hp = 0.74570 kW = 76.04 kpm/s = 641.2 kcal/h = 2,545 Btu/h = 1.014 hk = 550.3 ft lb/s

1 ft lb/s = 1.35501 kW = 0.1382 kpm/s = 1.165 kcal/h = 4.625 Btu/h = 1.84310-3 hk =

1.81710-3 hp

Heat flux

1 Btu/ft2 = 2.713 kcal/m2 = 2.043104 J/m2K

1 Btu/ ft2 h = 3.1525 W/m2

 1 Btu/ft2 oF = 4.88 kcal/m2K = 2.043104 J/m2K

1 kcal/m2 = 0.369 Btu/ft2

1 kcal/m2K = 0.205 Btu/ft2oF

Heat generation per unit volume

1 Btu/ft3 = 8.9 kcal/m3 = 3.73104 J/m3

1 Btu/ft3 h = 10.343 W/m3

1 kcal/m3 = 0.112 Btu/ft3

Heat generation per unit mass

1 Btu/lb = 0.556 kcal/kg = 2,326 J/kg

1 kcal/kg = 1.800 Btu/lb

Heat transfer coefficient

1 Btu/ft2 h oF = 5.678 W/m2 K = 4.882 kcal/h m2 oC

1 W/m2K = 0.85984 kcal/h m2 oC = 0.1761 Btu/ ft2 h oF

1 kcal/h m2 oC = 1.163 W/m2K = 0.205 Btu/ ft2 h oF

Hydraulic Gradients

1 ftH2O/100 ft = 0.44 psi/100 ft = 9.8 kPa/100 m = 1000 mmH2O/100 m

1 psi/100 ft = 2.3 ftH2O/100 ft = 2288 mmH2O/100 ft = 22.46 kPa/100 m

Inductance

abhenry = 110-9 henry

nery = 1109 abhenry = 0.9995 henry (Int) = 1000 millihenry = 1.11310-12 stathenry

Information Storage

1 bit = 0.125 byte (computers)

 1 byte = 8 bit

Length

feet, meters, centimeters, kilometers, miles, furlongs, yards, micrometers, inches,angstrom, cubit,
fathom, foot, hand, league, light year, micron, mil, nautical mile, rod,

1 m (meter) = 3.2808 ft = 39.37 in = 1.0936 yd = 6.21410-4 mile

1 km = 0.6214 mile = 3281 ft = 1094 yds

1 in (inch) = 25.4 mm = 2.54 cm = 0.0254 m = 0.08333 ft = 0.02778 yd = 1.57810-5

mile

1 ft (foot) = 0.3048 m = 12 in = 0.3333 yd = 1.89410-4 mile = 30.48 cm = 304.8 mm

1 mm = 10-3 m

1 cm = 10-2 m = 0.3937 in = 0.0328 ft = 1108 Aangstrom = 0.03281 foot = 0.0984 hand

(horses) = 0.3937 inch = 110-5 kilometer = 0.0497 link (Gunter) = 0.0328 (Ramden) =
1000 micrometer = 1000 micron = 5.399610-6 mile (naut) = 6.213710-6 mile (US
statute) = 10 millimeter = 1107 millimicron = 393.7 mil = 2.371 picas (printers) 28.4528
point (printers) = 0.00199 rod (US Survey) = 0.01094 yard

1 mm = 0.03937 in

1 Aangstrom = 10-10 m = 110-8 cm = 3.93710-9 inch = 110-4 micrometer = 0.0001

micron = 0.1 millimicron

1 mile = 1.6093 km = 1,609.3 m = 63,346 in = 5,280 ft = 1,760 yd

1 mil (Norway and Sweden) = 10 kilometres

1 nm (nautical mile, sea mile) = 1,852 metres = 1.151 mile = 6076.1 feet = 0.016667
degree of latitude

1 yd (yard) = 0.9144 m = 36 in = 3 ft = 5.68210-4 mile

1 Furlong = 660 feet = 40 rods = 1/8 mile

1 rod = 5.5 yards

1 land league = 3 miles

 1 Fathom = 6 feet = 1.828804 meters

1 astronomical unit = 1.496108 kilometer

1 cable (UK) = 0.00167 degree latitude = 185.37 meter

1 cable length (US Survey) = 120 fathom (US Survey) = 720 foot (US Survey) = 219.456
meter

1 caliber = 0.01 inch = 0.254 mm

1 chain (Gunter or US Survey) = 2011.7 centimeter = 66.00013 foot = 66 foot (US

Survey) = 0.1 Furlong (US Survey) = 792 inch (US Survey) = 100 link (Gunter) =
66.00013 link (Ramden) = 20.117 meter = 0.0125 mile (US statute) = 4 rod (US Survey)
= 22 yard (US Survey)

1 light year = 63241.08 astronomical unit = 9.460731012 kilometer = 5.87861012 mile

(US statute) = 0.306601 parsec

Luminous Emittance (Illuminance)

1 lumen/sq ft = 1 foot candle = 1104 lux = 1 phot

1 lux = 0.0929 foot candle = 1 lumen /sq meter = 0.0001 phot

Luminous Flux

1 candle power = 12.566 lumen

1 lumen = 1 candela steradian = 0.07958 candle power (spherical) = 0.0015 watt

Luminous Intensity

1 candela = 1.091 hefner candle (Germ) = 1 lumen/steradian

Magnetic Flux Density

1 gamma flux = 110-5 gauss = 1 x10-6 gram = 1 microgram = 110-9 tesla

1 gauss = 0.9997 gauss (Int) = 1105 gamma = 1 gilbert/cm = 1 maxwell/sq cm = 1

line/sq cm = 6.4516 line/sq inch = 110-4 tesla = 110-8 weber/sq cm = 6.45210-8
weber/sq inch = 110-4 weber/sq meter
Magnitude of a Physical Quantity (Power or intensity relative to a specified or implied
reference level)

1 bel = 10 decibel

1 decibel = 0.1 bel

Mass, Weight

pounds, kilograms, grams, ounces, grains, tons (long), tons (short), tons (metric), carat, grain,
ounce mass, pound mass (lbm), slug, tonne

1 kg = 1,000 gram = 2.2046 lb = 6.852110-2 slug

1 lb = 16 oz = 0.4536 kg = 453.6 g = 7000 grains = 0.03108 slug

1 slug = 14.594 kg = 32.174 lbm

1 grain = 0.000143 lb = 0.0648 g

1 g = 15.43 grains = 0.0353 oz = 0.002205 lb

1 qt = 0.9464 liters

1 metric ton (or tonne) = 1 tonne mtrique = 1000 kg = 106 g = 109 mg = 0.907 short tons

1 short ton = 2000 lbs = 907.18474 kg

1 long ton = 2240 pounds = 1,016.0469088 kg

1 oz (ounce) = 28.35 g = 437.5 grains = 0.0625 lb = 0.0000279 long ton (UK) =

0.00003125 long ton (US) = 0.000558 long hundredweight (UK) = 0.000625 long
hundredweight (US) = 0.004464 stone = 16 dram

1 troy pound = 12 troy ounces

1 scruple = 20 grains

1 dram = 3 scruples

1 apothecary ounce = 8 drams

1 apothecary pound = 12 apothecary ounces

 1 pennyweight = 24 grains

1 Gal. H2O = 8.33 Lbs. H2O

1 cental (US) = 45.359 kilogram = 100 pound

1 carat (metric) = 3.0865 grain = 0.2 gram = 200 milligram

1 hectogram = 100 gram = 0.26769 pound (apoth or troy) = 0.2205 pound (avdp)

Density, Specific Weight and Specific Gravity An introduction and definition of density,
specific weight and specific gravity. Formulas with examples.

Mass flow rate

1 lb/h = 1.2610-4 kg/s

1 lb/s = 0.4536 kg/s

1 lb/min = 7.5610-3 kg/s = 27.216 kg/s

1 kg/s = 3,600 kg/h = 132.28 lb/min

1 kg/h = 2.77810-4 kg/s = 3.6710-2 lb/min

Moment of Inertia

1 kg m2 = 10000 kg cm2 = 54675 ounce in2 = 3417.2 lb in2 = 23.73 lb ft2

Power

horsepower, kilowatt, watt,btu/second, calorie/second, foot lbf/second, kilocalorie/second

1 W = 1 kg m2/s3 = 1 Nm/s = 1 J/s

1 kW = 1,000 Watts = 3,412 Btu/h = 737.6/550 British hp = 1.341 British hp =

103/9.80665 kgf m/s = 737.6 ft lbf/s = 103/(9.80665 75) metric hp

1 hp (English horse power) = 745.7 W = 0.746 kW = 550 ft lb/s = 2,545 Btu/h = 33.000 ft
lb/m = 1.0139 metric horse power ~= 1.0 KVA

1 horsepower (mech) = 2542.47 Btu (mean)/hr = 42.375 Btu (mean)/min = 0.7062 Btu
(mean)/sec = 6.416105 calorie/hr (termo) = 6.412105 calorie (IST)/hr = 6.4069105
calorie(mean)/hr = 10694 calorie/min (thermo) = 10686 calorie (IST)/min = 10678
 calorie (mean)/min = 10.686 calorie, kg/min (IST) = 7.457109 erg/sec = 1980000 foot
pound-force/hr = 33000 foot pound-force/min = 550 foot pound-force/sec = 0.076
horsepower (boiler) = 0.9996 horsepower (electric) = 1.0139 horsepower (metric) =
745.7 joule/sec = 0.7457 kilowatt = 0.7456 kilowatt (Int) = 0.212 ton of refrigeration =
745.7 watt

1 horsepower (boiler) = 33445.6 Btu (mean)/hr = 140671.6 calorie/min (thermo) =

140469.4 calorie (mean)/min = 140742.3 calorie (20oC)/min 9.80951010 erg/sec =
434107 foot-pound-force/min = 13.1548 horsepower (mech) = 13.1495 horsepower
(electric) = 13.3372 horsepower (metric) = 13.1487 horsepower (water) = 9809.5
joule/sec = 9.8095 kilowatt

1 horsepower (electric) = 2547.16 Btu/hr (thermo) = 2545.46 Btu (IST)/hr = 2543.49 Btu
(mean)/hr = 178.298 calorie/sec (thermo) = 641.87 calorie, kg/hr (thermo) = 7.46109
erg/sec = 33013 foot pound-force/min = 550.2 foot pound-force/sec = 1.0004 horsepower
(mech) = 0.07605 horsepower (boiler) = 1.01428 horsepower (metric) = 0.99994
horsepower (water) = 746 joule/sec = 0.746 kilowatt = 746 watt

1 horsepower (metric) = 2511.3 Btu/hr (thermo) = 2509.6 Btu (IST)/hr = 2507.7 Btu
(mean)/hr = 6.328105 calorie/hr (thermo) = 6.324105 calorie (IST)/hr = 6.319105
calorie (mean)/hr = 7.35109 ergs/sec = 32548.6 foot pound-force/min = 542.476 foot
pound-force/sec = 0.9863 horsepower (mech) = 0.07498 horsepower (boiler) = 0.9859
horsepower (electric) = 0.98587 horsepower (water) = 75 kg-force meter/sec (kg m/s) =
0.7355 kilowatt = 735.499 W = 75 kg m/s

1 horsepower (water) = 33015 foot pound-force/min = 1.00046 horsepower (mech) =

0.07605 horsepower (boiler) = 1.00006 horsepower (electric) = 1.01434 horsepower
(metric) = 0.746043 kilowatt

1 refrigeration Ton = 12,000 Btu/h cooling = 3.516 kW = 3,025.9 k Calories/h

1 cooling tower Ton = 15,000 Btu/h = 3,782 k Calories/h

1 ft lb/s = 1.3558 W

1 Btu/s = 1055.1 W

1 Btu/h = 1 Btuh = 0.293 W = 0.001 MBH

1 cheval vapeur (French) = 0.98632 horsepower

Power per unit area

1 W/m2 = 0.3170 Btu/(h ft2) = 0.85984 kcal/(h m2)

Pressure

atmosphere, centimeters of mercury, foot of water, bar, barye, centimeter of water,

dyne/centimeter2, inch of mercury, inch of water, kgf/centimeter2, kgf/meter2, lbf/foot2, lbf/inch2
(psi), millibar, millimeter of mercury, pascal, torr, newton/meter2

Standard Atmospheric Pressure 1 atm = 101.325 kN/m2 = 1.01325 bar = 101.325 kPa =
14.7 psia = 0 psig = 29.92 in Hg = 760 torr = 33.95 Ft.H2O = 407.2 In.W.G (Water
Gauge) = 2116.8 Lbs./Sq.Ft.

1 N/m2 = 1 Pa = 1.450410-4 lb/in2 = 110-5 bar = 4.0310-3 in water = 0.33610-3 ft

water = 0.1024 mm water = 0.29510-3 in mercury = 7.5510-3 mm mercury = 0.1024
kg/m2 = 0.99310-5 atm

1 Pa = 10-6 N/mm2 = 10-5 bar = 0.1020 kp/m2 = 1.0210-4 m H2O = 9.86910-6 atm =
1.4510-4 psi (lbf/in2)

1 N/mm2 = 106 Pa = 10 bar = 1.020105 kp/m2 = 102.0 m H2O = 9.869 atm = 145.0 psi
(lbf/in2)

1 mmHg = 1 torr = 0.01934 lb/in2

1 atm = 101,325 Pa (N/m2) = 1.013102 kN/m2 = 1.033104 kp/m2 = 1.033 kp/cm2 =

1.013 bar = 14.696 psi (lb/in2) = 407.1 in H2O at 62 0F (16.7 oC) = 33.9 ft H2O at 62 0F
(16.7 oC) = 10.33 m H2O at 62 0F (16.7 oC) = 29.92 in mercury at 62 0F (16.7 oC) = 760
mm mercury at 62 0F (16.7 oC) = 760 torr

1 bar = 1105 Pa (N/m2) = 0.1 N/mm2 = 10,197 kp/m2 = 10.20 m H2O = 0.98692 atm =
14.5038 psi (lbf/in2) = 1106 dyne/sq cm = 750 mmHg = 1106 barye (French) = 75.0062
cm Hg (0oC) = 33.4883 ft H2O (60oF) = 1019.72 gram-force/sq cm = 29.530 in Hg (32oF)
= 1.01972 kg-force/sq cm = 1000 millibar = 2088.54 pound-force/sq foot

1 kp/m2 = 9.81 Pa (N/m2) = 9.80710-6 N/mm2 = 10-3 m H2O = 1 mm H2O = 0.968110-4

atm = 1.42210-3 psi (lb/in2) = 0.0394 in H2O = 0.0736 mm mercury

1 psi (lb/in2) = 144 psf (lbf/ft2) = 6,894.8 Pa (N/m2) = 6.89510-3 N/mm2 = 6.89510-2 bar
= 27.71 in H2O at 62oF (16.7oC) = 703.1 mm H2O at 62oF (16.7oC) = 2.0416 in mercury at
62oF (16.7oC) = 51.8 mm mercury at 62oF (16.7oC) = 703.6 kg/m2 = 0.06895 atm = 2.307
Ft. H2O = 16 ounces

1 psf (lbf/ft2) = 47.88 N/m2 (Pa) = 0.006944 lbf/in2 (psi)

1 dyn/cm2 = 145.0410-7 lbf/in2

1 in mercury (Hg) = 3,376.8 N/m2= 0.49 lb/in2 = 12.8 in water

 1 Ounce = 1.73 In.W.C.

1 Ft.H2O = 0.4335 psi = 62.43 Lbs./Sq.Ft.

1 in water = 248.8 N/m2= 0.0361 lb/in2 = 25.4 kg/m2 = 0.0739 in mercury

1 m H2O = 9806.7 Pa = 9.80710-3 N/mm2 = 0.0987 bar = 1,000 kp/m2 = 0.09678 atm =
1.422 psi (lbf/in2)

1 mm water = 9.81 Pa (N/m2) = 1 kg/m2 = 0.0736 mm mercury = 0.967710-4 atm

1 mm mercury = 0.0193 lb/in2 = 133 N/m2 = 12.8 mm water

1 barye (French) = 1.0 dyne/sq cm = 0.10 newton/sq meter = 0.10 Pascal

Note! When using pressure units based on liquid columns (like mm Water, in Water, mm Hg )
be aware that densities of liquids varies with temperature. For more exact conversions consult
temperature density sources for the actual liquids.

Radioactivity

1 becquerel = 2.702710-11 curie = 1 disintegration/sec

Resistance, Electrical

1 abohm = 110-15 megohm = 0.001 microohm = 110-9 ohm

Rotation

revolutions,

1 r/min (rpm) = 0.01667 r/s = 0.105 rad/s

1 r/s = 60 r/min = 6.28 rad/s

1 rad/s = 9.55 r/min (rpm) = 0.159 r/s (rps)

Specific energy, enthalpy, entropy

1 Btu/lbm = 2,326.1 J/kg = 0.55556 kcal/kg = 778.2 ft lbf / lbm = 3.9 10-4 hp hr / lbm = 5.4
lbf/in2 / lbm/ft3 = 0.237 kp m / g = 5.56 10-4 kcal/g = 2.326 kJ/kg

1 J/kg = 4.29910-4 Btu/lbm = 2.38810-4 kcal/kg

 1 kcal/kg = 1.80 Btu/lbm = 4,187 J/kg

Specific heat capacity

1 J/(kg K) = 2.38910-4 kcal/(kg oC) = 2.38910-4 Btu/(lbm oF)

1 kJ/(kg K) = 0.2389 kcal/(kg oC) = 0.2389 Btu/(lbm oF)

1 Btu/(lbm oF) = 4,186.8 J/ (kg K) = 1 kcal/(kg oC)

1 kcal/(kg oC) = 4,186.8 J/ (kg K) = 1 Btu/(lbm oF)

Specific Volume

1 m3/kg = 16.02 ft3/lbm = 27680 in3/lbm = 119.8 US gal/lbm = 1000 liter/kg

1 liter/kg = 0.016 ft3/lbm = 27.7 in3/lbm = 0.12 US gal/lbm = 0.001 m3/kg

1 ft3/lbm = 1728 in3/lbm = 7.48 US gal/lbm = 62.43 liter/kg = 0.062 m3/kg

1 in3/lbm = 0.00058 ft3/lbm = 0.0043 US gal/lbm = 0.036 liter/kg = 0.000036 m3/kg

1 US gal/lbm = 0.134 ft3/lbm = 231 in3/lbm = 8.35 liter/kg = 0.0083 m3/kg

Temperature

celsius, rankine, kelvin, centigrade, fahrenheit,

1 oC = 1.8 oF

1 oF = 0.555 oC

0 oC corresponds to 32 oF, 273.16 K and 491.69 R

1 oR = 5/9 K

T(oF) = [T(oC)](9/5) + 32

T(oF) = [T(K) - 273.15](9/5) + 32

T(oC) = 5/9[T(oF) - 32]

Thermal Conductivity
 1 W/(m K) = 0.85984 kcal/(h m oC) = 0.5779 Btu/(ft h oF)

1 Btu/(ft h oF) = 1.731 W/(m K) = 1.488 kcal/(h m oC)

1 kcal/(h m oC) = 1.163 W/(m K) = 0.6720 Btu/(ft h oF)

Thermal Diffusivity

1 ft2 /s = 0.0929 m2/s

1 ft2 /h = 2.58110-5 m2/s

Thermal resistance

1 (h oF)/Btu = 1.8958 K/W

Time

year, month, day, hour, minute, second, millisecond

1 h = 3600 s = 60 min

1 ms (millisecond) = 10-3 s

1 s (microsecond) = 10-6 s

1 ns (nanosecond) = 10-9 s

1 day (mean solar) = 1.0027379 day (sidereal) = 24 hour (mean solar) = 24.06571 hour
(sidereal) = 0.0027397 year (calendar) = 0.002738 year (sidereal) = 0.002738 year
(tropical)

Torque, Moment

foot-pound torque, newton-meter

1 ft lb = 1.356 Nm

Velocity, Speed

foot/second, inch/second, meter/second, kilometer/hour, knot, mile/hour,nautical mile per hour

1 ft/s = 0.3048 m/s

 1 ft/min = 5.0810-3 m/s = 0.0183 km/h = 0.0114 mph

1 mph = 0.44703 m/s = 1.609 km/h = 88 ft/min = 5280 ft/hr = 1.467 Ft./sec. = 0.8684
knots

1 m/s = 3.6 km/h = 196.85 ft/min = 2.237 mph

1 km/h = 0.2778 m/s = 54.68 ft/min = 0.6214 mph = 0.5396 knot

1 knot (nautical mile per hour) = 0.514444444 m/s = 1.852 kilometers per hour = 1.1515
miles per hour= 1 nautical miles per hour

1 League = 3.0 Miles

1 cm/sec = 1.9685 foot/min = 0.0328 foot/sec = 0.036 km/hr = 0.0194 knots (Int) = 0.6
meter/min = 0.02237 mile/hr = 0.000373 mile/min

Viscosity Dynamic

1 lb/(ft s) = 1.4879 Pa s = 14.88 P = 1,488 cP = 0.1517 kp s/m2

1 cP (Centipoise) = 10-3 Pa s = 0.01 Poise = 1.02010-4 kp s/m2 = 6.72110-4 lb/(ft s) =

0.00100 (N s)/m2 = 0.01 gram/(cm sec) = 2.4191 lb/(ft hr)

1 kg/(m s ) = 1 (N s)/m2 = 0.6720 lbm/(ft s) = 10 Poise

1 P (Poise) = 0.1 Pa s = 100 cP = 1.02010-2 kp s/m2 = 6.72110-2 lb/(ft s) = 0.1 kg/ms

1 Pa s (N s/m2) = 10 P (Poise) = 103 cP = 0.1020 kp s/m2 = 0.6721 lb/(ft s)

1 kp s/m2 = 9.80665 Pa s = 98.07 P = 9,807 cP = 6.591 lb/(ft s)

1 reyns = 1 1bf s/in2 = 6894.76 Pa s

Dynamic, Absolute and Kinematic Viscosity An introduction to dynamic, absolute and

kinematic viscosity and how to convert between CentiStokes (cSt), CentiPoises (cP),
Saybolt Universal Seconds (SSU) and degree Engler.

Viscosity Kinematic

1 ft2/s = 0.0929 m2/s

1 ft2/ h = 2.58110-5m2/s
 1 St (Stokes) = 110-4 m2/s = 100 cSt = 1.07610-3 ft2/s

1 m2/s = 104 St = 106 cSt = 10.764 ft2/s= 38750 ft2/h

1 cSt (Centistoke) = 10-6 m2/s = 0.01 Stokes = 1.07610-5 ft2/s = 1 square mm/sec

Volume

barrel, gallon, cubic centimeter (cm3), cubic feet (foot3), cubic inch (inch3), cubic meter (meter3),
cubic yard (yard3), quarts, liters, acre foot, board foot, bushel, cord, cup, dram, fluid ounce, peck,
pint, quart, tablespoon, teaspoon,

1 ft3 = 0.02832 m3= 28.32 dm3 = 0.03704 yd3 = 6.229 Imp. gal (UK) = 7.481 gal (US) =
1,728 cu inch = 2.29610-5 acre foot = 12 board foot (timber) = 0.7786 bushel (UK) =
0.8036 bushel (US, dry) = 0.00781 cord (firewood) = 0.0625 cord foot (timber) =
28316.8 cu centimeter = 6.42851 gallon (US, dry) = 7.48052 gallon (US, liq) = 28.3168
liter = 996.614 ounce (UK, liq) = 957.506 ounce (US, liq) = 51.4281 pint (US, dry) =
59.84442 pint (US, liq) = 25.714 quart (US, dry) = 29.922 quart (US, liq)

1 in3 = 1.638710-5 m3 = 1.63910-2 dm3 (liter) = 16.39 cm3 = 16390 mm3 = 0.000579 ft3

1 Gallon (U.S.) = 3.78510-3 m3 = 3.785 dm3 (liter) = 231 in3 = 0.13368 ft3 = 4.95110-3
yd3 = 0.8327 Imp. gal (UK) = 4 Quarts = 8 Pints

1 Imp. gallon (UK) = 4.54610-3 m3 = 4.546 dm3 = 0.1605 ft3 = 5.94610-3 yd3 = 1.201
gal (US)

1 dm3 (Liter) = 10-3 m3 = 0.03532 ft3 = 1.30810-3 yd3 = 0.220 Imp gal (UK) = 0.2642
Gallons (US) = 1.057 Quarts = 2.113 Pints

1 yd3 = 0.7646 m3 = 764.6 dm3 = 27 ft3 = 168.2 Imp. gal (UK) = 202.0 gal (US) = 46,656
Cu.In. = 1616 Pints = 807.9 Quarts = 764.6 Liters

1 pint (pt) = 0.568 dm3 (liter) = 16 fl. oz. (fluid ounce) = 28.88 in3

1 km3 = 109 m3 = 1012 dm3 (liter) = 1015 cm3 = 1018 mm3

1 cm3 = 0.061 in3 = 0.00042 board foot = 2.749610-5 bushel (UK) = 2.837810-5 bushel
(US, dry) = 3.531510-5 cu foot = 0.06102 cu inch = 110-6 cu meter = 1.30810-6 cu
yard = 0.28156 drachm (UK, liq) = 0.27051 dram (US, liq) = 0.000227 gallon (UK) =
0.00027 gallon (US, dry) = 0.000264 gallon (US, liq) = 0.0074 gill (UK) = 0.00845 gill
(US) = 0.001 liter = 0.035195 ounce (UK, liq) = 0.033814 ounce (US, liq) = 0.00182 pint
(US, dry) = 0.00211 pint (US, liq) = 0.00088 quart (UK) = 0.00091 quart (US, dry) =
0.00106 quart (US, liq)
 1 m3 = 103 dm3 (liter) = 35.31 ft3 = 1.3093 yd3 = 220.0 Imp. gal (UK) = 264.2 gal (US) =
61,023 Cu.In. = 35.31 Cu.Ft = 0.1 decistere

1 Hogshead = 63 gallon = 8.42184 Cu.Ft

1 barrel (UK) = 1.5 bag (UK) = 1.41541 barrel (US, dry) = 1.37251 barrel (US, liq) = 4.5
bushel (UK) = 4.64426 bushel (US, dry) = 5.77957 cu ft = 0.16366 cu meter = 36 gallon
(UK) = 163.6592 liter

1 barrel beer = 31.5 gallons beer

1 barrel (US, oil) = 1.33 barrel (US, liq) = 5.61458 cu foot = 42 gallons (US, liq) =
158.9873 liter

1 barrel (US, dry) = 0.969696 barrel (US, liq) = 3.28122 bushel (US, dry) = 4.0833 cu ft
= 7056 cu inch = 0.11563 cu meter = 104.999 quart (US, dry)

1 barrel (US, liq) = 1.03125 barrel (US, dry) = 0.75 barrel (US, oil) = 4.2109 cu foot =
7276.5 cu inch = 0.11924 cu meter = 26.22924 gallon (UK) = 31.5 gallon (US, liq) =
119.24 liter =

1 bushel = 1.2445 Cu.Ft. = 32 Quarts (Dry) = 64 Pints (dry) = 4 Pecks

1 bushel (UK) = 0.3333 bag (UK) = 1.03206 bushel (US) = 36368.7 cu cm = 1.28435 cu
foot = 2219 cu inch = 8 gallon (UK) = 36.3687 liter

1 bushel (US, dry) = 0.30476 barrel (US, dry) = 0.96894 bushel (UK) = 35239.07 cu cm
= 1.24446 cu foot = 2150.42 cu inch = 0.03524 cu meter 0.04609 cu yard = 8 gallon (US,
dry) = 9.30918 gallon (US, liq) = 35.23907 liter = 1191.57 ounce (US, liq) = 4 peck (US)
= 64 pint (US, dry) = 32 quart (US, dry) = 37.23671 quart (US, liq)

1 quart (qt) = 2 pints = 57.75 in3 = 1/8 dry quarts

1 fluid ounce (fl. oz.) = 2 tablespoons = 1.805 in3 = 29.574 milliliters

1 cord (firewood) = 128 cu foot = 8 cord foot (timber) = 3.6246 cu meter

1 cord foot (timber) = 0.125 cord (firewood) = 16 cu foot

1 peck = 8 dry quarts

1 cup = 8 fl.oz. (fluid ounce)

1 cup (metric) = 200 milliliter

 1 cup, tea = 0.25 pint = 142.06 milliliter

1 board foot = piece of lumber 1 foot wide x 1 foot long x 1 inch thick = 2359.74 cu cm =
0.083333 cu foot = 144 cu inch

1 acre foot = 43560 cu foot = 1233.482 cu meter = 1613.33 cu yard = 3.259105 gallon
(US liquid)

1 acre inch = 3630 cu foot = 102.7901531 cu meter = 134.44 cu yard = 27154.286 gallon
(US)

1 bucket (UK) = 18184.35 cu cm = 4 gallon (UK)

1 butt (UK. liq) = 16.2549 bushel (US) = 20.2285 cu foot = 0.57281 cu meter = 151.3197
gallon (US)

1 chaldron (UK, liq) = 36 bushel (UK)

1 dram (US, liq) = 3.6967 cu cm = 0.225586 cu inch = 1.04084 drachm (UK, liq) =
0.03125 gill (US) = 3.69669 millimeter = 60 minim (US) = 0.125 ounce (US, liq) =
0.0078125 pint (US, liq)

1 fifth (US, liq) = 17.067 jigger (US, liq) = 0.75708 liter = 25.6 ounce (US, liq) = 1.6 pint
(US, liq) = 25.6 pony (US, liq) = 0.8 quartt (US, liq) = 25.6 shot (US, liq)

1 firkin (UK) = 1.125 bushel (UK) = 40914.8 cu cm = 1.44489 cu foot = 1.20095 firkin
(US) = 9 gallon (UK) = 40.91481 liter = 72 pint (UK)

1 hectoliter = 2.7496 bushel (UK) = 2.8378 bushel (US, dry) = 1105 cu cm = 3.5315 cu
foot = 26.417 gallon (US, liq) = 100 liter = 3381.4 ounce (US, liq) = 11.351 peck (US)

Volume Flow

1 dm3/s (kg/s water) = 13.20 Imp. gal (UK)/min

1 m3/s = 3,600 m3/h = 1,000 dm3(liter)/s = 35.32 ft3/s = 2,118.9 ft3/min = 13,200 Imp.gal
(UK)/min = 15,852 gal (US)/min

1 m3/h = 2.777810-4 m3/s = 0.2778 dm3(litre)/s = 9.81010-3 ft3/s = 0.5886 ft3/min (cfm)
= 3.667 Imp.gal (UK)/min = 4.403 gal (US)/min

1 m3/h = 103 dm3(litre)/h = 16.67 dm3(litre)/min = 0.27878 dm3(litre)/s

1 ft3/min = 1.7 m3/h = 0.47 l/s = 62.43 Lbs.H2O/Min.

 1 dm3(litre)/s = 10-3 m3/s = 3.6 m3/h = 0.03532 ft3/s = 2.1189 ft3/min (cfm) = 13.200
Imp.gal (UK)/min = 15.852 gal (US)/min = 792 Imp. gal (UK)/h

1 dm3(litre)/s = 60 litre/min = 3,600 litre/h

1 ft3/s = 0.0283168 m3/s = 101.9 m3/h = 28.32 dm3(litre)/s = 60 ft3/min = 373.7 Imp.gal
(UK)/min = 448.9 gal (US)/min

1 Imp.gal (UK)/min = 7.5768210-5 m3/s = 0.273 m3/h = 0.0758 dm3(litre)/s = 2.67510-3

ft3/s = 0.1605 ft3/min = 1,201 gal (US)/min

1 gal (US)/min =6.3088810-5 m3/s = 0.227 m3/h = 0.06309 dm3(litre)/s = 2.22810-3 ft3/s
= 0.1337 ft3/min = 0.8327 Imperial gal (UK)/min

sumber: www.engineeringtoolbox.com

.....

KONVERSI SATUAN

Konversi = mengubah. Kelebihan sistem Satuan Internasional (SI) adalah kemudahan

dalam pemakaiannya karena menggunakan sistem desimal (kelipatan 10) dan hanya ada
satu satuan pokok untuk setiap besaran dengan penambahan awalan untuk satuan yang
lebih besar atau lebih kecil. Misalnya, 1 centimeter = 0,01 meter atau 1 kilogram sama
dengan 1000 gram. Besaran apapun yang kita ukur, seperti panjang, massa atau
kecepatan, terdiri dari angka dan satuan. Sering kita diberikan besaran dalam satuan
tertentu dan kita kita ingin menyatakannya dalam satuan lain. Misalnya kita mengetahui
jarak dua kota dalam satuan kilometer dan kita ingin mengetahui berapa jaraknya dalam
satuan meter. Demikian pula dengan massa benda. Misalnya kita mengukur berat badan
kita dalam satuan kg dan kita ingin mengetahui berat badan kita dalam satuan ons atau
pon. Untuk itu kita harus mengkonversi satuan tersebut. Konversi berarti mengubah.
Untuk mengkonversi satuan, terlebih dahulu harus diketahui beberapa hal yang penting,
antara lain awalan-awalan metrik yang digunakan dalam satuan dan faktor konversi.
 Awalan-awalan satuan yang sering digunakan dapat anda lihat di bawah ini.
A. Konversi Satuan Ukuran Panjang
1. KM = kilo meter
2. HM = hekto meter
3. Dam = deka meter
4. M = meter
5. Dm = desi meter
6. CM = centi meter
7. MM = mili meter
8. Inci =25,4 mm
9. 1 feet =0.3048 m
10. 1 mile =1.6093m
11. 1mil laut =1.852 km
12. 1 mikron =0.000001 m
13. 1 elo lama =0.687 m
14. 1 acre =4840 yards
15. 1 cicero =48108 mm

Contoh :
1 yards = 0,9144 mr = 36 inches
1 inch= 2,54 cm
1 foot (feet) = 30,48 cm = 12 inches
1 mile = 1,609 km = 5280 feet = 1760 yard
1 ft = 12 in
1 in = 25,4 mm
1 mile = 5280 ft = 1760 yd = 1,609 km
1 km = 3281 ft = 1093,6 yd = 0,6214
 1 inch / inchi / inc / inci = 25,4 mm
1 feet / ft / kaki = 12 inch = 0,3048 m
1 mile / mil = 5.280 feet = 1,6093 m
1 mil laut = 6.080 feet = 1,852 km
1 meter = 3,281 ft
1 foot = 0,3048 m
1 mikron = 0,000001 m1 mile = 1609 m = 5280 ft
1 angstrom = 10-10 m
1 elo lama = 0,687 m
1 pal jawa = 1.506,943 m
1 pal sumatera = 1.851,85 m
1 acre = 4.840 yards2
1 cicero = 12 punt
1 cicero = 4,8108 mm
1 hektar = 2,471 acres
B. Konversi Satuan Massa/Berat
1. KG = kilo gram
2. HG = hekto gram
3. DAG = deka gram
4. G = gram
5. DG = desi gram
6. CG = centi gram
7. MG = mili gram
8. Pounds
9. Ounce

Contoh :
 1 kilogram = 2,2046 pounds (lbs) = 35,2739 ounces (oz)
1 pounds = 453,59 grams
1 ounce = 28,350 grams
1 lb = 0,4536 kg = 7000 grains
1 kg = 2,205 lb
1 kuintal / kwintal = sama dengan = 100 kg
1 ton = sama dengan = 1.000 kg
1 kg = sama dengan = 10 ons
1 kg = sama dengan = 2 pounds
1 kilogram = 103 gm = 6,85 x 10-2 slug
1 gram = 10-3 kg = 6,85 x 10-5 slug

C. Konversi Satuan Luas

1. 1 hektar = 10000 m2
2. 1 are = 1 dm2
3. kilometer persegi (Km2)
4. hectometer persegi (hm2)
5. dekameter persegi(Dam2)
6. meter persegi(m2)
7. desimeter persegi(Dm2)
8. centimeter persegi(cm2)
9. millimeter persegi(mm2)

Contoh :
1 in2 = 6,452 cm2
1 in2 =1550 in2 = 10,76 ft2 = 1,196 yd2
1 hektar / ha / hekto are = sama dengan = 10.000 m2
1 are = sama dengan = 1 dm2
 1 km2 = sama dengan = 100 hektar

D. Konversi Satuan Volume

1. Liter
2. Kubik desimeter
3. Kubik dekameter
4. Kubik
5. Desiliter
6. Centiliter
7. Sentimeter kubik
8. Millimeter kubik
9. Ekar kaki
10. Kubik halaman
11. Kakikubik
12. Quart (US)
13. Cagkir (US)
14. Pint (UK)

Contoh :
1 liter = 0,2642 US gallons = 0,2200 imperial gallons = 33,824 fluid ounces
1 cubic feet = 28,3168 liters = 7,4827 US gallon = 6,2309 imperial gallon
1 barrel of oil = 158,9873 liter = 42.0123 US gallons = 5,6146 cubic feet
1 imperial gallon = 4,544 liters = 8 pints = 4 quarts
1 US gallon = 3,7843 liter = 7,9976 pints = 15,995 cups
1 liter = 1,761 pints = 0,881 quarts
1 ft3 = 7,481 US gallon = 28,32 liter
1 in3 = 16,39 cm3
 1 US gallon = 3,785 liter
1 liter = 0,03531 ft3 = 61,02 in3 = 0,2642 US gallon
1 cubic feet = 28.3168 liter
1 barrelof oil = 158.9873 liter
1imperial gallon = 4.544 liter

E. Konversi Satuan Tekanan

1. Pascal (Pa)
2. Kilopascal (kPa)
3. HectoPascal (hPa)
4. Meganewton/millimeter persegi
5. Meganewton/meter persegi
6. Kilonewtom/millimeter persegi
7. Kilonewton/meter persegi
8. Newton/meter persegi
9. Ton/sentimeter persegi
10. Sentimeter air raksa
11. Ton (US)/kakipersegi
12. Pon/kaki persegi
13. Kaki air
14. Inc air
15. Atmosfer (Atm)
16. Millimeter air
17. Meter air
18. Inci air raksa

Contoh :
 1 bar = 1,0197 Kg/Cm = 0,689 pounds per inch = 14,5 pounds per square inch (psi)
1 bar = 100 kilopascals = 0,9869 atmospheres (atm)
1 atmospheres = 1.01325 bar
1 psi = 0,0690 bar = 0,0703 Kg/Cm2 (3000 psi = 206,89 bar)
1 psi (=1 lb/in2 ) = 0,07031 kg/cm2 = 51,71 mm Hg pada 0o C
1 kg/cm2 = 14,22 psi = 735,6 mm Hg pada 0o C = 0,9807 bar
1 atm (standart ) = 14,7 psi = 1,033 kg/cm2 = 760 mm Hg pada 0o C
1 bar = 105 N/m2 = 105 Pa = 1,0197 kg/cm2 = 14,50 psi

F. Konversi Satuan Kecepatan

1. Kph = kilometer per hour
2. Mph =mil per hour
3. Meter /second
4. Meter/menit
5. Meter/jam
6. Centimeter/second
7. Centi meter/menit
8. Kilometer /jam
9. Mil.second
10. Mil/menit
11. Mil/jam
12. Inci/menit
13. Kaki/second
14. Kaki/jam
15. Yard/second
16. Kecepatancahaya
 Contoh :
1 kph (kilometer per hour) = 0,6213 mph (mil per hour) = 0,5399 knot
1 knot = 1,852 kph = 1,151 mph
1 kph = 0,2778 meter per second = 0,911 feet per second
1 ft/s = 30,48 cm/s
1 m/s = 3,281 ft/s = 3,6 km/h
1 mile/h = 1467 ft/s = 1,609 km/h = 0,8684 knot
1 km/h = 0,278 m/s = 0,621 mil/h

G. Konversi Satuan Suhu

1. Celcius
2. Fahrenheit
3. Kelvin
4. Rankine
5. Reamur

H. Konversi Satuan Energy

1. Joule
2. Gigajoule
3. Megajole
4. Kilojoule
5. Watt second
6. Kilowatt jam (kwh)
7. Watt jam (wh0
8. Newton meter(NM)
9. Kalori
10. Kilokalori
11. Centi grade satuan panas
12. Electron volt (eV)
13. Power jam
14. Kilogram meter
15. Kaki-pon (ft.lbf)
16. Inci-pon (in.lbf)
17. Therm
18. Erg
19. Kakipoundal

Contoh :
1 J = 107 erg = 0.738 ft.lb
1 ft.lb = 1.36 J = 1.29 x 10-3 Btu = 3.24 x 10-4 kcal
1 kcal = 4.18 x 103 J = 3.97 Btu
1 eV = 1.602 x 10-19 J
1 kWh = 3.60 x 106 J = 860 kcal
1 joule = 0,7376 ft-lb = 0,239 cal = 107 ergs
1 ft-lb = 1,356 J = 0,324 cal
1 cal = 4,186 J = 3,087 ft-lb

I. Konversi Satuan Electric

1. Ampere
2. Teraamper
3. Gigaampere
4. Megaampere
5. Kiloampere
6. Miliampere
7. Mikroampee
8. Nanoampere
9. Picoampere
10. Abampere
11. Volt/ohm
12. Watt/volt
13. Coulomb/second
14. Statampere
15. Gilbert (Gi)
16. Gaussian aruslistrik
17. Franklin/second

J. SATUAN LAIN
1. Kertas
24 sheets (lembar) = 1 quire

20 quires = 1 ream

10 reams = 1 bale
2. Circular
60 seconds = 1 minute

60 minutes = 1 degree

360 degrees = 1 circumference

1 degree of the Earths surface (1 meridian) = 69.16 miles at the equator

3. Miscellaneous
12 units = 1 dozen

12 dozen = 1 gross

20 units = 1 score

1 hand = 4 inches
 1 fathom = 6 feet

1 nautical mile = 6076 feet

3 nautical miles = 1 league

1 bushel of potatoes = 60 pounds

1 barrel of flour = 196 pounds

1 cubic foot of water (7.48 gallons) = 62.425 pounds

Atmospheric pressure at sea level = 14.7 pounds per square inch

13.5 cubic feet of air = 1 pound

4. Infinite (english)
1 astronomical unit = 93 million miles = 150 million kilometers
1 light-year = 63225.80645 astronomical units = 5.88 trillion miles = 9.46 trillion
kilometers
1 parsec = 3.26 light-years = 19.1688 trillion miles = 30.8396 trillion kilometers
NOTE: An astronomical unit (AU) is the distance between the Earth and the Sun. A light-
year is the distance travelled by a photon, in vacuum, in one year. A parsec is a distance
having a PARallax of one SECond of arc, as measured from diametrically opposite points
along the Earths orbit. Try not to fall off the end of these figures.

HURUF GRADE
Huruf Yunani
Selain abjad Latin yang selalu kita gunakan, ada lagi abjad yang juga sering dipakai
dalam literature science atau teknik, khususnya dalam penulisan simbol. Seperti pada
penulisan rumus-rumus matematika, fisika, statistik, kimia, ekonometri, dll. Yaitu, abjad
Yunani, yang saya kutip dari suatu buku yang juga saya tampilkan dibawah ini.
(alfa) : Percepatan sudut.
(beta), (gamma) : Jenis radiasi nuklir, bersama-sama dengan . Dalam relativitas
khusus, berarti faktor Lorentz.
 (delta) : Fungsi delta Dirac.
(epsilon) : konstanta permitivitas listrik.
(eta) : Dalam beberapa kesempatan, berarti efisiensi.
(theta) : Sudut.
(kappa) : Modulus Bulk.
(lambda) : Panjang gelombang; rapat muatan listrik per satuan panjang.
(mu) : Momen magnetik. Juga dipakai untuk menyatakan permeabilitas
magnetik.
(nu) : Frekuensi.
(xi) : Satu jenis baryon dinamai dengan huruf besarnya ()
(pi) : Selain untuk bilangan 3,1415926535 juga untuk parity yang
berhubungan dengan simetri.
(rho) : Rapat massa atau muatan listrik per satuan volum, juga resistivitas
listrik (hambat jenis).
(sigma) : Konduktivitas listrik; rapat muatan listrik per satuan luas. Juga
untuk konstanta Stevan-Boltzmann.
(tau) : Torsi.
(phi) : Dalam huruf besarnya () berarti fluks magnet.
(chi) : Suseptibilitas. m untuk magnet dan e untuk listrik.
(psi) : Dalam fisika kuantum, digunakan untuk menyatakan fungsi
gelombang, yang menyatakan keadaan.
(omega) : Kecepatan sudut. Huruf besarnya, , untuk Ohm

Flows rate (Equivalence)

The most commonly used water flow or airflow unit today is CFM (Cubic Feet per Minute). In
countries where the metric system is more common, m3/min or m3/h is sometimes being used,
but even there, CFM is the most common unit.

Symbole SI quivalent Dsignation unit de mesure en Anglais

1 acre-ft/month = 4.69361 x 10-4 m3/s - acre foot per month
1 bbl (US, liq.)/day = 1.3801 x 10-6 m3/s - barrel (US, liq.) per day
1 bbl (US, petrol)/day = 1.84013 x 10-6 m3/s - barrel (US, petrol) per day
1 cm3/s = 1 x 10-6 m3/s - cubic centimeter per second
1 CFM, cfm, ft3/min = 4.71947 x 10-4 m3/s - cubic foot per minute
1 cfs, ft3/s = 0,0283168 m3/s - cubic foot per second
1 in3/min = 2.73118 x 10-7 m3/s - cubic inch per minute
1 in3/s = 1.63871 x 10-5 m3/s - cubic inch per second
1 m3/h = 2.77778 x 10-4 m3/s - cubic meter per hour
1 m3/min = 0,0166667 m3/s - cubic meter per minute
1 m3/s = 1 m3/s - cubic meter per second
1 yd3/min = 0,0127426 m3/s - cubic yard per minute
1 cumec = 1 m3/s - cumec (musec)
1 gal (UK)/day = 5.26168 x 10-8 m3/s - gallon (UK) per day
1 gph (UK) = 1.2628 x 10-6 m3/s - gallon (UK) per hour
1 gpm (UK) = 7.57682 x 10-5 m3/s - gallon (UK) per minute
1 gps (UK) = 4.54609 x 10-3 m3/s - gallon (UK) per second
1 gal (US, liq.)/day = 4.38126 x 10-8 m3/s - gallon (US, liq.) per day
1 gph (US) = 1.0515 x 10-6 m3/s - gallon (US, liq.) per hour
1 gpm (US) = 6.30902 x 10-5 m3/s - gallon (US, liq.) per minute
1 gps (US) = 0,00378541 m3/s - gallon (US, liq.) per second
1 l/h = 2.77778 x 10-7 m3/s - liter per hour
1 l/min = 1.66667 x 10-5 m3/s - liter per minute
1 l/s = 0,001 m3/s - liter per second

Speed (the unit speed of the S.I = meter per second)

Symbole SI quivalent Dsignation unit de mesure en Anglais
1 Bz = 1 m/s
1 cm/min = 1,66667 x 10-4 m/s - benz
1 cm/s = 0,01 m/s - centimeter per minute
1 ft/h, fph = 8,46667 x 10-5 m/s - centimeter per second
1 ft/min, fpm = 0,00508 m/s - foot per hour
1 ft/s, fps = 0,3048 m/s - foot per minute
1 furlong/fortnight = 1,66309 x 10-4 m/s - foot per second
1 in/s, ips = 0,0254 m/s - furlong per fortnight
1 km/h = 0.277778 m/s - inch per second
1 kn, knot = 0,514444 m/s - kilometer per hour
1 cm/s = 0,01 m/s - knot (noeud)
1 m/min = 166,667 m/s - kyne
1 m/s = 1 m/s - meter per minute
1 mpy = 8.04327 x 10-13 m/s - meter per second
 1 knot = 0.514444 m/s
1 mph, mi/h = 0.44704 m/s - mil per year
1 mi/min = 26.8224 m/s - mile (naut.) per hour (knot, noeud)
1 mm/min = 1.66667 x 10-5 m/s - mile (stat.) per hour
1 mm/s = 0,001 m/s - mile (stat.) per minute
1 --- = 2.99792 x 108 m/s - millimeter per minute
- millimeter per second
- speed of light

TEMPERATURE

- Conversion of the degree Celsius into Fahrenheit = degrees C x 1.8 + 32

- Conversion of the Fahrenheit into degree Celsius = (degrees F - 32.) / 1.8

A noter que le 0 degr absolu Rankine (0R) est le mme que le zro absolu Kelvin (0 K)

Point de conglation / fusion de l'eau / glace = 0C ou 32F ou 273,15 K ou 491.67R.

Point d'bullition de l'eau = 100C ou 212F ou 373,15 K ou 671.67R.

Type de conversion mode opratoire

Degrees Celsius (C) to degrees Kelvin (K) = (C) + 273.15 = (K)
Degrees Celsius (C) to degrees Fahrenheit (F) = [(C) * 1.8] + 32 = (F)
Degrees Celsius (C) to degrees Rankine (R) = [(C) * 1.8] + 491.67 = (R)
Degrees Fahrenheit (F) to degrees Kelvin (K) = [(F) * 0.555556] + 255.37 = (K)
Degrees Fahrenheit (F) to degrees Rankine (R) == (F) + 459.67 = (R)
(K) * 1.8 = (R)
Degrees Kelvin (K) to degrees Rankine (R) = [(R) - 491.67] * 0.555556 = (C)
Degrees Rankine (R) to degrees Celsius (C) = (R) * 0.555556 = (K)
Degrees Rankine (R) to degrees Kelvin (K)

FORCE

The Newton is the unit of force of the SI. A Newton is the force required to give to a mass of 1
kilogram an acceleration of 1 meter per second.

The most current force is the weight. It is a vertical force directed to the bottom, which results from
the action of gravity. Whose equivalent is : mass * 9.806 (N/kg) )

Pression (the unit of pressure of the S.I is the Pascal)

The pressure is a force per unit of area.

A Pascal corresponds to the pressure generated by a force of 1 Newton acting on a surface of 1
square meter also said Newton per square meter (N/m2). It is a rather small unit like result and it
more often used as a kilopascal [ kPa ] or in bar, equivalent to 100 000 Pascal.

Le daN is the 1/10 of N , et le daN/cm2 is equal to 1 bar.

Pound-force/sq in = 1 lbf/in2 or psi = 6,89476 kPa

Pound-force/sq ft = lbf/ft2 = 1 lbf/ft2 = 47,8803 Pa

Symbole SI quivalent Dsignation unit de mesure en Anglais

1 at = 98066,5 Pa - atmosphere (metric)
1 atm = 101325 Pa - atmosphere (standard)
1 bar = 100000 Pa - bar
1 cmHg (0 C) = 1333,22 Pa - centimeter of mercury (0 C)
1 cmH2O = 98.0638 Pa - centimeter of water (4 C)
1 dyn/cm2 = 0,1 Pa - dyne per square centimeter
1 ft H2O = 2988,98 Pa - foot of water (4 C)
1 hPa = 100 Pa - hectopascal
1 inHg (0 C) = 3386,38 Pa - inch of mercury (0 C)
1 inHg (15.56 C) = 3377,18 Pa - inch of mercury (15.56 C)
1 inH2O (15.56 C) = 248,845 Pa - inch of water (15.56 C)
1 inH2O (4 C) = 249,082 Pa - inch of water (4 C)
1 kgf/cm2 = 98066,5 Pa - kilogram force per square centimeter
1 kgf/dm2 = 980,665 Pa - kilogram force per square decimeter
1 kgf/m2 = 9,80665 Pa - kilogram force per square meter
1 kgf/mm2 = 9806650 Pa - kilogram force per square millimeter
1 kPa = 1000 Pa - kilopascal
1 kip/in2, ksi, KSI = 6894760 Pa - kilopound force per square inch
1 MPa = 1000000 Pa - megapascal
1 mH2O, mCE (15.56 C) = 9797,06 Pa - meter of water (15.56 C)
1 mH2O, mCE (4 C) = 9806.38 Pa - meter of water (4 C)
1 bar = 0,1 Pa - microbar (barye, barrie)
1 Hg (0 C) = 0,133322 Pa - micron of mercury (millitorr)
1 mbar = 100 Pa - millibar
1 mmHg, torr, Torr (0 C) = 133,322 Pa - millimeter of mercury (0 C)
1 mmH2O, mmCE (15.56 C) = 9.79706 Pa - millimeter of water (15.56 C)
1 mmH2O, mmCE (4 C) = 9.80638 Pa - millimeter of water (4 C)
1 N/m2 = 1 Pa - newton per square meter
1 Pa, N/m2 = 1 Pa - pascal
1 lbf/ft2 = 47,8803 Pa - pound force per square foot
1 psi, PSI, lbf/in2 = 6894,76 Pa - pound force per square inch
1 atm = 101325 Pa - standard atmosphere
1 tonf/cm2 (metric) = 98066500 Pa - ton force (metric) per square centimeter
1 tonf/m2 (metric) = 9806,65 Pa - ton force (metric) per square meter
 1 torr = 133,322 Pa - torr

ENERGIE, TRAVAIL ou QUANTITE DE CHALEUR

Joule (J) is equivalent to the work produced by a force of 1 Newton who's the point of application
moves of 1 m in the direction of the force.

The calorie that is still used is quantified under various values.

The general standard, it is the quantity of heat necessary to raise 1C the temperature of 1 gram of
water of 14.5 to 15.5C under the normal atmospheric pressure.

1 calorie = 4.186 J - 0.003968 Btu - 3.087 foot-pounds.

1 kg of water at 15C under 1 atm = 4.1855 kj/kg C or 1 kcal/kg C 1 kcal = 1.163 w.

The small calorie or therm, is measured of 3.5C to 4.5C (water is densest at 4C).

The intermediate value of the calorie in the range of 0C to 100C is called the average calorie; i.e.
1/100 of energy necessary to heat the water of 1 gram of water of the melting point at its point of
boiling.

Type of calorie joule equivalent

Thermochemical 4.184
International Table 4.186.8
at 15 C 4.1855
Mean of 0C to 100C 4.19012

A British thermal unit (Btu or BTU and also known as a heat unit in the United States)

BTU: It is the quantity of heat necessary to increase the temperature of a degree Fahrenheit per unit
of mass of 1 pound of water, that is to say a mass of 0.4535924 kg.

The British Thermal Unit (BTU) can also take various values and are called in a similar way to the
calorie, that is Btu (IT), (Th), etc.

One hundred thousand BTU (100 000 Btu) are called a Therm , thus its exact value depends on
which BTU is used.
Energie mesure en unit de temps (units non conventionnelles)
Le Joule tant une unit trop petite pour les besoins usuels, on utilise plutt Watt-heure (Wh) ou son
multiple le kilowatt-heure (kWh)
(C'est le cas gnral par exemple pour les calculs de bilans thermiques ou calculs de dperditions)

1 Mega-joule (MJ) = 278 Wh ou 0,278 kWh

1 Watt-heure (Wh) = 3600 Joules
1 calorie/heure (cal/h) (unit non usite) = 0,0011639 Wh

1 British thermal unit/hour (Btu/h) = 0,293 071 Wh

1 kilocalorie/heure (kcal/h) (unit non
= 1,163 Wh
usite)
Symbole SI quivalent Dsignation unit de mesure
1 bboe = 6.12 x 10^9 J - barrel oil equivalent
1 bboe = 6.12 x 10^9 J - bboe (barrel oil equivalent)
1 Btu (ISO) = 1055.06 J - British thermal unit (ISO)
1 Btu (IT) = 1055.06 J - British thermal unit (IT)
1 Btu (mean) = 1055.87 J - British thermal unit (mean)
1 Btu (therm.) = 1054.35 J - British thermal unit (thermochemical)
1 cal15 = 4.185 J - calorie (15 C)
1 cal4 = 4.2045 J - calorie (4 C)
1 Cal, kcal = 4180 J - Calorie (diet kilocalorie)
1 cal (IT) = 4.18674 J - calorie (IT) (International Steam Table)
1 calmean = 4.19002 J - calorie (mean)
1 cal (therm.) = 4.184 J - calorie (thermochemical)
1 Chu = 1899.18 J - Celsius-heat unit
1 C-V = 1 J - coulomb volt
1 ft3-atm = 2869.2 J - cubic foot atm
1 eV = 1.60218 x 10-19 J - electronvolt
1 erg = 1x10-7 J - erg
1 ft-lbf = 1.35582 J - foot-pound force
1 GeV = 1.60218 x 10-10 J - gigaelectronvolt
1 gram-cal = 4.18674 J - gram calorie
1 Hp-h = 2.68452 x 10^6 J - horsepower (550ft-lbf/s)-hour
1 in-lbf = 0.112985 J - inch pound force
1 J= 1 J - joule
1 kcal15 = 4185.5 J - kilocalorie (15 C)
1 kcal4 = 4204.5 J - kilocalorie (4 C)
1 keV = 1.60218 x 10-16 J - kiloelectronvolt
1 kJ = 1000 J - kilojoule
1 kWh = 3.6 x 10^6 J - kilowatt-hour
 1 MeV = 1.60218 x 10-13 J - megaelectronvolt
1 MJ = 1 x 10^6 J - megajoule
1 N-m = 1 J - newton meter
1therm = 1.05506 x 10^8 J - therm (EEG)
1therm = 1.0548 x 10^8 J - therm (US)
1 th15 C = 4.1855 x 10^6 J - thermie (15 C)
1 toe = 4.187 x 10^10 J - toe (tonne oil equivalent)
1 ton (TNT) = 4.18 x 10^9 J - ton TNT equivalent
1 tce = 2.929 x 10^10 J - tonne coal equivalent
1 toe = 4.187x 10^10 J - tonne oil equivalent
1 Wh = 3600 J - watt hour

CHALEUR SPECIFIQUE
Symbole SI quivalent Dsignation unit de mesure
1 Btu (IT)/lbm = 2326 J/kg - British thermal unit (IT) per pound mass
1 Btu (therm.)/lbm = 2324.44 J/kg - British thermal unit (therm.) per pound
1 cal (IT)/g = 4186.74 J/kg mass
1 cal (therm.)/g = 4184 J/kg - calorie (IT) per gram
1 J/g = 1000 J/kg - calorie (therm.) per gram
1 J/kg = 1 J/kg - joule per gram
1 Cal (IT)/kg, kcal/kg = 4186.74 J/kg - joule per kilogram
1 kWh/kg = 3.6 x 10^6 J/kg - kilocalorie (IT) per kilogram
- kilowatt-hour per kilogram

Power (the unit of power of the S.I = Watt)

The power is the unit of energy per unit of time.

1 Joule = 1 Watt during one second.

1 Joule (J) = 1 w/s or Newton meter (Nm).

1 watt/h = 3600 Joules.

C'est cette unit qui est attribue aux gnrateurs d'nergie (moteurs, chaudires, etc.) ou leurs
drivs.

1 Watt = 1 Joule pendant une seconde.

Energie (E en Joules) = W (Puissance en watt) x t (temps en secondes)

Par exemple :

Une ampoule de 100 W (puissance) sera quivalent en nergie (E) sur une heure 0,36 MJ
ou 100 Wh.

Un moteur d'une puissance de 10 ch (7,36 kw) sera quivalent en nergie (E) sur une heure
26,5 MJ ou 7,36 kWh.

Attention ceci ne signifie pas la consommation d'nergie (Il faut intgr tous les rendement et autres
pour obtenir la consommation d'nergie quivalente)

Il y a 2 units diffrentes dans l'utilisation du horse power (HP). La pemire unit (HP = 745,7 watt)
utilise au USA/UK est base sur l'nergie quivalente pour soulever un poids de 550 livres (pound)
au travers 1 pied (foot) en une seconde. La seconde unit (HP = 736 watt) utilise en Europe
continentale est base sur l'nergie quivalente en nergie soulever dun poids de 75 kilogrammes
sur 1 mtre en 1 seconde.

Dsignation unit de mesure en

Symbole SI quivalent
Anglais
1 Btu (IT)/h = 0.293071 W - British thermal unit (IT) per hour
1 Btu (IT)/min = 17.5843 W - British thermal unit (IT) per minute
1 Btu (IT)/s = 1055.06 W - British thermal unit (IT) per second
1 Btu (therm.)/h = 0.292875 W - British thermal unit (therm.) per hour
1 Btu (therm.)/min = 17.5725 W - British thermal unit (therm.) per
1 Btu (therm.)/s = 1054.35 W minute
1 cal (IT)/h = 0,00116298 W - British thermal unit (therm.) per
1 cal (IT)/min = 0,069779 W second
1 cal (IT)/s = 4.18674 W - calorie (IT) per hour
1 cal (therm.)/h = 0,00162222 W - calorie (IT) per minute
1 cal (therm.)/min = 0,0697333 W - calorie (IT) per second
1 cal (therm.)/s = 4.184 W - calorie (therm.) per hour
1 cv, HP = 735.499 W - calorie (therm.) per minute
1 dyn-cm/s = 1 x 10-7 W - calorie (therm.) per second
1 erg/s = 1 x 10-7 W - cheval-vapeur (horsepower)
1 ft-lbf/h = 3.76616 x 10-4 W - dyne-centimeter per second
1 ft-lbf/min = 0,022597 W - erg per second
1 ft-lbf/s = 1.35582 W - foot-pound force per hour
1 ft-pdl/s = 0,0421401 W - foot-pound force per minute
1 HP = 745.7 W - foot-pound force per second
1 HP = 9809.5 W - foot-poundal per second
1 BHP, hp = 745.7 W - horsepower (550 ft-lbf/s)
1 cv, HP = 735.499 W - horsepower (boiler)
1 HP = 746 W - horsepower (British)
 1 HP = 735.499 W - horsepower (cheval-vapeur)
1 HP = 746.043 W - horsepower (electric)
1 kgf-m/s = 9.80665 W - horsepower (metric)
1 kW = 1000 W - horsepower (water)
1 CTR (UK) = 3922.7 W - kilogram force-meter per second
1 CTR (US) = 3516.8 W - kilowatt
1 VA = 1 W - ton (refrigeration, UK)
1 W= 1 W - ton (refrigeration, US)
1 W = 1.00019 W - volt-ampere
1 W = 1.00016 W - watt
- watt (int. mean)
- watt (int. US)

LA PUISSANCE APPARENTE (Unit pratique de puissance lectrique apparente moteur lectrique)

Dsignation unit de mesure en
Symbole SI quivalent
Anglais
= E (V) x I (A) (mono-phas)
= 1000 x E (V) x I (A)
= E (V) x I (A) x 1,73 (tri-phas)
1 Volt Amperes (VA) = E =Tension en Volt - I Intensit en
1 Kilovolt amperes (kVA) Ampre

Dynamic viscosity (Pa.s)

Symbole SI quivalent Dsignation unit de mesure en Anglais
1 cP, cPo = 1x10-3 Pa-s - centipoise
1 dyn-s/cm2 = 0.1 Pa-s - dyne second per square centimeter
1 gf-s/cm2 = 98.0665 Pa-s - gram force second per square centimeter
1 g/cm-s = 0.1 Pa-s - gram per centimeter per second
1 kgf-s/m2 = 9.80665 Pa-s - kilogram force second per square meter
1 kg/m-s = 1 Pa-s - kilogram per meter per second
1 N-s/m2 = 1 Pa-s - newton second per square meter
1 Pa-s = 1 Pa-s - pascal second
1 P, Po = 0.1 Pa-s - poise
1 -- = 1 Pa-s - poiseuille
1 lbf-s/ft2 = 47.8803 Pa-s - pound force second per square foot
1 lbm/ft-s = 1.48816 Pa-s - pound mass per foot second
1 lbm/in-s = 17.858 Pa-s - pound mass per inch second
1 reyns (reyn) = 6894.76 Pa-s - reynolds (reyns)
 1 slug/ft-s = 47.8803 Pa-s - slug per foot second
1 slug/in-s = 574.563 Pa-s - slug per inch second

Cinematic viscosity (m/s)

Symbole SI quivalent Dsignation unit de mesure en Anglais
1 cSt = 1 x 10-6 m/s - centistokes
1 cm2/s = 1 x 10-4 m/s - square centimeter per second
1 ft2/h = 2.58064 x 10-5 m/s - square foot per hour
1 ft2/s = 9.2903 x 10-2 m/s - square foot per second
1 in2/h = 1.79211 x 10-7 m/s - square inch per hour
1 in2/s = 6.4516 x 10-4 m/s - square inch per second
1 m2/h = 2.77778 x 10-4 m/s - square meter per hour
1 m2/s = 1 m/s - square meter per second
1 St = 1 x 10-4 m/s - stokes