Lec-1 Scope of Power Converters

Lecture-1
Prof. Dr. Tahir Izhar

Signal Electronics
Electronic circuits process signals
Electronic circuits contain electronic-devices
Dominant application of Electronics is to
process information.
The biggest user of semiconductor Electronic
devices is the computer industry.
Next user is the consumer electronics.
The primary function is to process information.
Power Electronics
Power Electronic circuits process electric
power
Power electronics uses electronic devices
that can handle large power.
Processing of Electric Power is known as
Power Conditioning.
Power Semiconductor devices are
operated in switching mode to get higher
efficiencies.
All electronic systems are operated by
power from a wall plug or battery
It is needed to convert electrical energy
from the form supplied by the source to
the form required by the load.
In some cases the power circuit converts
electric energy to the form required by
the electromechanical system, such as an
electric motor.
Power Converters in Micro-grid
Power electronic converters provide the necessary adaptation
functions to integrate all different micro-grid components into a
common system.
Systems & Signal
Control theory processing
Circuit Simulation &
theory computing
Electric Power
machines Electronics
electronics
Power Solid state

systems physics
Electromagnetics
Power electronics is currently the most active

discipline in electric power engineering
worldwide.
Electric power is used in almost every aspect and everywhere of
modern human society.
Electric power is the major form of energy source used in modern

human society.
The objective of power electronics is exactly about how to use

electric power, and how to use it effectively and efficiently, and how
to improve the quality and utilization of electric power.
Power electronics and information electronics make two poles of

modern technology and human society information electronics is
the brain, and power electronics is the muscle.
Application of
fast-switching
Invention of fully-controlled
Thyristor semiconductor
devices GTO
GTR IGBT
Mercury arc rectifier Power diode Power MOSFET Power MOSFET
Vacuum-tube rectifier Thyristor Thyristor Thyristor
Thyratron (microprocessor) (DSP)
1900 1957 mid 1970s late 1980s
Pre-history 1st phase 2nd phase 3rd phase
The thread of the power electronics history precisely follows

and matches the break-through and evolution of power
electronic devices
Industrial
Transportation
Utility systems
Power supplies for all kinds of electronic
equipment
Residential and home appliances
Space technology
Other applications
Motor drives
Electrolysis
Electroplating
Induction heating
Welding
Arc furnaces and
ovens
Lighting
Trains & locomotives
Subways
Trolley buses
Magnetic levitation
Electric vehicles
Automotive
electronics
Ship power systems
Aircraft power
systems
High-voltage dc
transmission(HVDC)
Flexible ac
transmission(FACTS)
Static var compensation &
harmonics suppression: TCR,
TSC, SVG, APF
Custom power & power quality
control
Supplemental energy sources :
wind, photovoltaic, fuel cells
Energy storage systems
Telecommunications
Computers
Office equipment server

computer
Instruments
Mobile electronics
Telecommunication
Lighting
Heating
Air conditioning
Refrigeration &
freezers
Cooking
Cleaning
Entertaining
Spaceship power
systems
Satellite power
systems
Spacevehicle
power systems
Nuclear reactor
control
Power systems
for particle
accelerators
Environmental
engineering
It is estimated that in developed countries now 60% of
the electric energy goes through some kind of power
electronics converters before it is finally used.
Power electronics has been making major

contributions to:
--better performance of power supplies and better control of
electric equipment
--energy saving
--environment protection
reduction of energy consumption leads to less pollution
reduction of pollution produced by power converters
direct applications to environment protection technology
Power Converters
AC/DC converters
DC/DC converters
DC/AC converters
AC/AC converters
Uncontrolled AC to DC converters-
Rectifiers
Semi-Controlled AC to DC converters
Fully controlled AC to DC converters
Three-Phase, 6-step AC to DC converters
12-step and 24-step AC to DC converters
Pulse Width Modulation AC to DC
converters
Linear
Series type
Shunt type
Switch mode
Non Isolated converters
Buck converters
Boost converters
Polarity inverting Converters
Isolated converters
Forward converters
Fly back converters
Square wave DC to AC converter
Quasi-Square wave DC to AC converters
Multi-step DC to AC converters
Pulse Width Modulation DC to AC
converters
Natural Sampling PWM
Regular Sampling PWM
Selective Harmonic Reduction PWM
Input is AC with fixed voltage
and frequency
Output is AC with variable
voltage and variable frequency.
Cycle-Converters
Matrix Converters
Electric isolation:
optical, magnetic
Control circuit (in a broad sense)
detection circuit Power circuit (power

Control
stage, main circuit)
circuit drive circuit
Protection circuit is also very often used in power electronic

system especially for the expensive power semiconductors.
The scope of power converters design is
discussed to process Electric Power under
high voltage -high current Scenario.
All four types of power converters are
introduced.
The use of Power converters are increasing
and main concern is the power quality.
The research in this area is mainly
addressing these power quality issues

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Lecture-1

Prof. Dr. Tahir Izhar

Power Solid state

Power electronics is currently the most active

Electric power is the major form of energy source used in modern

The objective of power electronics is exactly about how to use

Power electronics and information electronics make two poles of

Pre-history 1st phase 2nd phase 3rd phase

The thread of the power electronics history precisely follows

Arc furnaces and

Office equipment server

Power electronics has been making major

detection circuit Power circuit (power

Protection circuit is also very often used in power electronic

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