IJETR021817

International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
ISSN: 2321-0869, Volume-2, Issue-5, May 2014
Evaluation of Duplex SS as a Substitute for

Austenitic SS in the Manufacture of Pressure Vessels
Lonikar R. V., Saive H. D., Desai S. S., Hirulkar N. S.
Abstract Duplex stainless steel are family of grades

having the combination of good corrosion resis tance with II. PROJECT GOAL
high strength and ease of fabrication [1]. Their physical
properties are between those of austenitic and ferritic
To reduce the of corrosion/erosion and distortion
stainless steels[1] but Our paper provides a detailed problem of pressure vessel storing Ethylene Glucol and the
study of duplex stainless steel and its advantages in distortion problem .
manufacturing of pressure vessel. This work assumes the The keypoints of the problem definition are as
reader already has experience with the fabrication of follows :-
stainless steels; therefore, it provides data comparing Minimizing welding distortion through
the properties of duplex stainless steels to those of 300 - metallurgical evaluation of materials.
series austenitic stainless steels and to carbon steel .
Eradication of erosion and corrosion through
Therefore, process equipment manufacturers and
component suppliers can reduce lead times and provide
metallurgical upgrade of material.
better stainless steel equipment for critical service in
industrial environments as a result of information
developed in this study. III. OVERVIEW
Index Terms Mechanical simulation, distortion, residual

stress,
I. INTRODUCTION
PROBLEM STATEMENT
this program involves two major areas of endeavor,
interrelated and leading to a more fundamental
understanding and comparison of the corrosion and
distortion behavior of various grades of stainless steels as
regards their fabrication. Therefore, process equipment
manufacturers and component suppliers can reduce lead
times and provide better stainless steel equipment for critical
service in industrial environments as a result of information
developed in this study.
The following goals have been defined for this project:
Evaluation for duplex stainless steel materials and
their welds, in comparison with their austenitic
Figure 1.Tree diagram of stainless steel
counterparts, regarding microstructure, corrosion
resistance, weldability and welding distortion, and
mechanical properties. In metallurgy stainless steel, also known as inox steel or inox
Providing a solution to the problem of from French "inoxydable", which has minimum of 10.5%
corrosion/erosion faced by the client through the chromium content by mass. Stainless steel does not corrode
comparative study conducted. easily, rust or stain with water as ordinary steel does, but
unlike the name it is not fully stain-proof, most notably under
low-oxygen, high-salinity, or poor-circulation environments.
Manuscript received May 16, 2014. In a case where both the properties of steel and resistance to
Renuka Vikas Lonikar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sinhgad corrosion are required, stainless steel is used. Stainless steel
Institute of Technology, Lonavala. differs from carbon steel by the percentage of chromium
Harish Digambar Saive, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sinhgad present. When unprotected carbon steel exposed to air, it gets
Institute of Technology, Lonavala.
Sujay Sanjiv Desai , Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sinhgad rusted easily and moisture. This iron oxide film (the rust) is
Institute of Technology, Lonavala. active and helps to increse corrosion rate by forming more
Prof. N. S. Hirulkar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sinhgad iron oxide. Stainless steels contain sufficient chromium to
Institute of Technology, Lonavala. form a passive film of chromium oxide, which prevents
202 www.erpublication.org
Evaluation of Duplex SS as a Substitute for Austenitic SS in the Manufacture of Pressure Vessels
further surface corrosion by blocking oxygen diffusion to the has two phase structure (ferrite and austenite) which are
steel surface and blocks corrosion from spreading into the significantly present in the alloy. DSS possesses improved
metal's internal structure, and due to the similar size of the corrosion and mechanical properties over austenitic stainless
steel and oxide ions they bond very strongly and remain steel , hence they are considered to have higher potential in
attached to the surface. Passivation only takes place if the extending life of components. DSS has been invented since
proportion of chromium is high enough and oxygen is early 1900. Publications of the research work can be found
present. Additions of a minimum of 13% (by weight) dated from 1930s.But since 1970s that came in the most
chromium gives high corrosion resistance and up to 26% is growing alloy development and appliance.
used for harsh environments. The chromium forms a
passivation layer of chromium oxide (Cr 2O3) when exposed
to free air. The layer is too thin to be seen, and the metal
retains the lusture and smoothness. The layer is impervious
to water and air, protecting the metal beneath, and this layer
quickly reforms when the surface is scratched. This
phenomenon is called passivation and is seen in manyother
metals, like aluminium and titanium. Corrosion resistance
can have adverse effect when the component is used in a Figure 3. Geometry of Ferrite and Austenite
non-oxygenated environment, Stainless steel has high
resistance to attack from acids, but this quality depends on
the other factors such as kind and concentration of the acid,
the surrounding temperature, and the type of steel. V. SIMULATION RESULT
Figure 2.Phase indicating diagram
IV. THEORETICAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

Figure 4. Meshing Model
Grade Densit Elastic Mean Therm Spec Electrical
y modulu coefficien al ific Resistivit
(kg/m3 s t of conduc heat y
) (GPa) thermal tivity (J/kg (n-m)
expansion (W/m- -K)
(m/c) k)
SS304 8000 193 - 16.3 - 740
SS316 8000 193 15.9 16.3 500 740
Carbo 8100 190 - 4.3 450 130-125

n Steel 0
DSS 7805 200 13.7 19 450 850
Grade C Mn Si P S Cr Mo Ni N
304 0.08 2 1 0.045 0.03 18-20 0.03 8-10.5 2 Figure 5.Ansys Result
316 0.08 2 0.75 0.045 0.03 18 3 14 0.1
CS 0.12 1.6 0.6 0.045 0.03 18 0.03 5 -

5
VI. CONCLUSION
DSS 0.03 2 1 0.03 0.02 23 3.5 6.5 0.2
A review has been carried out of the corrosion performance
of austenitic and duplex stainless steels as container
materials for the storage of ethylene glycol in pressure vessel.
Duplex stainless steel is defined as the stainless steel that Two grades have been selected as representative of each
International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
ISSN: 2321-0869, Volume-2, Issue-5, May 2014
family, namely 304 and 316 austenitic stainless steels and
2205 duplex stainless steel. In general, the duplex stainless
steel offer a number of advantages over the austenitic
stainless steels, including: increased resistance of duplex
alloys to localised corrosion due to the higher N content and,
in some cases, higher Cr and Mo contents than Renuka Vikas Lonikar is a student of Department of
corresponding austenitic stainless steels. Owing to its Mechanical Engineering, Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala affiliated
to Pune University. She is a final year student of Mechanical Engineering. She is
combination of high initial hardness, work hardenability and currently working on Evaluation of Duplex SS as a Substitute for Austenitic SS
corrosion resistance. Duplex stainless steel displays very in the Manufacture of Pressure Vessels
good resistance under such erosion and corrosion condition.
The lower coefficient of thermal expansion of duplex
stainless steel, compared to austenitic stainless steel, reduces
the distortion and the associated stress.
These advantages should provide additional assurance of

accepting duplex stainless steel for manufacturing of Harish Digambar Saive is a student of Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala affiliated
Pressure Vessel containing Ethylene Glycol. to Pune University. He is a final year student of Mechanical Engineering. She is
currently working on Evaluation of Duplex SS as a Substitute for Austenitic SS
in the Manufacture of Pressure Vessels
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors want to thank Prof. Nitesh Hirulkar ,Asst.

Professor in Mechanical department, SIT, Lonavala, Pune,
for his valuable help in the execution of experiments.
Sujay Desai is a student of Department of Mechanical
REFERENCES Engineering, Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala affiliated to Pune
University. He is a final year student of Mechanical Engineering. She is
[1] J.CHARLES and S.BERNHARDSON, The duplex stainless steels: currently working on Evaluation of Duplex SS as a Substitute for Austenitic SS
materials to meet your needs. Duplex Stainless Steels 91 Conference in the Manufacture of Pressure Vessels
Beaune, France pp 3-48.
[2] Figure
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International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)

ISSN: 2321-0869, Volume-2, Issue-5, May 2014

Evaluation of Duplex SS as a Substitute for

Abstract Duplex stainless steel are family of grades

Index Terms Mechanical simulation, distortion, residual

Figure 2.Phase indicating diagram

IV. THEORETICAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

Carbo 8100 190 - 4.3 450 130-125

316 0.08 2 0.75 0.045 0.03 18 3 14 0.1

CS 0.12 1.6 0.6 0.045 0.03 18 0.03 5 -

These advantages should provide additional assurance of

The authors want to thank Prof. Nitesh Hirulkar ,Asst.

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