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Sampling Bituminous Materials: Standard Practice For
Sampling Bituminous Materials: Standard Practice For
Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
D 140 01 (2007)
7.2 Size of Containers:
7.2.1 The size of the container shall correspond to the
required amount of sample.
8. Protection and Preservation of Samples
8.1 Sample containers shall be new. They shall not be
washed or rinsed, or wiped with an oily cloth. If they contain
evidence of solder flux, or if they are not clean and dry, they
shall not be used. Top and container shall fit together tightly.
8.2 Care shall be taken to prevent the sample from becom-
ing contaminated. Immediately after filling, the container shall
be tightly and positively sealed.
8.3 The filled sample container shall not be submerged in
solvent, nor shall it be wiped with a solvent saturated cloth. If
cleaning is necessary use a clean dry cloth.
8.4 Samples of emulsions shall be protected from freezing
by correct packaging.
NOTE 1When sampling emulsions, care should be taken not to sample
material under pressure as such resultant velocities tend to cause air
entrapment which could result in erroneous test results. Any visual
bubbling of the material is one indication air has been entrapped. In
addition, the sampling container should be completely filled to minimize
a skin formation at the air-emulsion interface.
8.5 Samples shall not be transferred from one container to
another except where required by the sampling procedure.
8.6 Immediately after filling, sealing, and cleaning, the
sampling containers shall be properly marked for identification
with a suitable marking pencil on the container itself, not on FIG. 1 Typical Submerged Sampling Device
the lid. Labels or tags also may be used for identification if they
can be securely fastened to the container in such a manner as
to ensure that they will not be lost in transit. Labels or tags
shall not be attached to containers by using the lids to secure
them. All identification materials shall maintain their integrity
at temperatures up to 200C.
9. Sampling at Place of Manufacture
9.1 Vertical Tanks Not Capable of Being Agitated (Liquid
Materials or Materials Made Liquid by Heating) (800 m3
(5000 bbl) or more capacity)Three sampling methods are
recommended (Note 2):
9.1.1 Sampling-Valve MethodValves shall be located,
with easy and safe access provided, on the side of the tank with
the first in the top third of the tank, but no higher than 1 m (3
ft) from the top; the second in the middle third of the tank; and
the third in the bottom third of the tank, but no lower than 1.1
m (3 ft) from the bottom. A recommended design of the
sampling valve is shown in Fig. 1.
9.1.1.1 A minimum of 4 L (1 gal) of the product shall be
drawn from each sample valve and discarded before taking the NOTE 1This type sampler is lowered into the tank with bottom valve
sample for test, and open (there is no top closure). When the desired depth is reached, the
9.1.1.2 One to 4 L (1 qt to 1 gal) shall be drawn from each lowering chain is given a snap tug which closes the bottom valve. The
sampler is then withdrawn from the tank and the contents transferred to
sample valve for test.
the sample container. This sampler may be used for repetitive sampling in
9.1.2 Thief Sampler Method (not suitable for asphalt the same tank.
cements)Samples shall be taken in the top, middle, and lower FIG. 2 Thief Sampler
sections at levels indicated in 9.1.1, of the tank by lowering a
thief sampler into the material. A satisfactory type with
instructions for use is shown in Fig. 2. viscous and adhesive character that, after normal emptying of a container
by pouring, the container retains enough material to cause significant
NOTE 2Most bituminous materials in the liquid state are of such contamination of any second samples secured before the container was
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D 140 01 (2007)
thoroughly cleaned. The aforementioned properties of bituminous mate- 1-gal) sample may be taken for other tests that may be required
rials also make container cleaning a difficult, tedious, and time-consuming for determining average characteristics of the material.
task. 9.2 Bulk Storage Tanks (Liquid Materials or Materials
NOTE 3The thief sampler described in Fig. 2 may be used for
repetitive sampling because significant sample contamination by previous
Made Liquid by Heating) Equipped with Mechanical Agitators
contents is avoided by the self-cleaning action provided by the passage of When the tank is equipped with operating mechanical
material through the tube-shaped thief sampler which is open at both ends. agitators which, by observation through the sampling or
The practice of raising and lowering the sampler 3 or 4 times through a inspection hatch, are performing adequate mixing of the tank
distance of a metre (several feet) at the sampling depth is recommended. contents, a single sample taken by any of the methods
9.1.3 Throw-Away Container MethodSamples shall be described in 9.1.1, 9.1.2, or 9.1.3 will be satisfactory to use for
taken at top, middle, and lower levels by lowering into the test purposes.
material a container in a suitable weighted holding device. The
essential feature of the method is to use a clean container to 10. Sampling from Tank Cars, Vehicle Tanks, Distributor
take the sample, pour this sample into another clean container, Trucks or Recirculating Storage Tanks
and throw away the container used to take the sample from the 10.1 The sample may be taken from the sample valve or tap
tank. A satisfactory type with instructions on how to use the if the tanks are provided with them. When such sampling
device is shown in Fig. 3. devices are required, they are to be built into the tank itself. A
9.1.4 The three samples from bulk storage tanks may be sampling device of this type is shown in Fig. 1. Before the
tested separately for consistency to detect stratification. They sample is taken, 4 L (1 gal) shall be drawn from the sample
may be combined, thoroughly mixed, and a 1 to 4-L (1-qt to valve and discarded.
NOTE 1This type sampler is lowered into the tank with the stopper in place. When the desired depth is reached, the stopper is removed by means
of the attached wire, cord, or chain and the container allowed to fill. Complete filling is indicated by the cessation of bubbles of air from the can at the
surface of the liquid. The sampler is then withdrawn from the tank and the contents poured into the clean sampler container. A clean can (bottle) must
be used for each sample taken.
FIG. 3 Throw-Away Container Sampler
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D 140 01 (2007)
10.2 Samples of liquid materials and materials made liquid completion of the loading or unloading, the individual 4-L
by heating may be taken by the dip method using a clean samples shall be combined, thoroughly mixed without altering
wide-mouth or friction-top can in a suitable holder as shown in its characteristics, and a 4-L sample taken therefrom.
Fig. 4. A clean container must be used to take each sample, and 12.2 When sampling tankers and barges 4000 m3 (25 000
the material sampled shall then be transferred to another new bbl), or less, capacity, at least five 4-L (1-gal) samples shall be
and clean container for retention or testing sample. taken at uniform intervals throughout the entire loading or
10.3 A detachable fitting, similar in design to the one shown unloading (4000 m3), or larger, capacity requires at least ten
in Fig. 5 may be inserted in the discharge line. Before the 4-L samples). At completion of the loading or unloading the
sample is taken 4 L (1 gal) shall be drawn from this sampling individual 4-L samples shall be combined, thoroughly mixed in
valve and discarded. a manner designed to not alter its characteristics, and a 4-L
sample taken therefrom.
11. Sampling from Tankers and Barges
11.1 For liquid materials (including all cut-backs made 13. Sampling from Drums or Barrels
liquid by heating) top, middle, and lower samples shall be 13.1 After thorough mixing, samples of liquid bituminous
taken using the methods as described in 9.1.2 and 9.1.3. material from barrels or drums shall be secured by tube or thief
11.2 For all other materials made liquid by heating, a top sampling by taking 1 L (1 qt) of material from packages
sample only shall be taken by the dip, thief, or throw-away selected at random according to Section 14.
container method.
14. Sampling Semisolid or Uncrushed Solid Materials
12. Sampling from Pipe Lines During Loading or 14.1 Drums, Barrels, Cartons, and BagsWhere the lot of
Unloading material to be sampled is obviously from a single run or batch
12.1 When tankers and barges are being loaded or unloaded of the producer, one package shall be selected at random and
samples may conveniently be taken from the pipe line through sampled as described below. Where the lot of material to be
which the material is flowing by insertion of a sampling pipe sampled is not obviously from a single run or batch of the
into a rising section of the pipe line on the discharge side of the producer, or where the single samples selected as described
pump or in a completely filled line in which gravity creates the above fails on test to conform to the requirements of the
materials flow. A suitable in-line sampling pipe is shown in Fig. specifications, a number of packages shall be selected at
5. The sampling pipe shall be not more than one eighth the random equivalent to the cube root of the total number of
diameter of the pipe line and its opening should be turned to packages in the lot. The following table is given, showing the
face the flow of the liquid. This pipe shall be provided with a number of samples to be selected for shipments of various
valve or plug cock and shall discharge into a sample receiver. sizes.
At least three 4-L (1-gal) samples shall be taken at uniform Packages in Shipment Packages Selected
intervals throughout the entire loading or unloading. At the 2 to 8 2
9 to 27 3
28 to 64 4
65 to 125 5
126 to 216 6
217 to 343 7
344 to 512 8
513 to 729 9
730 to 1000 10
1001 to 1331 11
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D 140 01 (2007)
Practice D 346. The gross sample shall be not less than 25 kg delivery units such as distributors, the samples shall be taken to
(50 lb) from which shall be selected the 1 to 2-kg (2 to 3-lb) represent a maximum of 40 m3 (10 000 gal).
sample for test. 16.3 Sampling shall be done by one of the three following
15.2 Drums, Barrels, Bags and CartonsWhere the methods:
crushed or powdered material is in barrels, drums, or bags, a 16.3.1 In accordance with Section 9.
number of packages shall be selected at random as described in 16.3.2 By bleeding through a sample valve or tap in the
Section 14. A sample at least 0.5 kg (112 lb) in mass shall be transfer line during the unloading of the approximate middle
selected from near the center of each container to yield a gross third of the load, or
sample weighing not less than 25 kg (50 lb) from which the 1 16.3.3 By means of a sampling device inserted to a level of
to 2-kg (2 to 3-lb) sample for test shall be selected as approximately the middle third of the load or tank.
prescribed in Practice D 346. 16.4 Tests for material acceptability shall be made on one of
the samples taken. The other samples are to be retained for
16. Sampling at Point of Shipment Delivery confirmation in the event the first sample tested should fail to
16.1 Sampling of bituminous materials shall be done as comply with requirements.
soon as practicable after the bituminous material has arrived at
plant site, storage site, or job destination or at the time of 17. Keywords
unloading. 17.1 bituminous materials; crushed materials; liquid as-
16.2 The required number of samples shall be taken from phalts; powdered materials; sampling; semisolid materials;
each delivery of bituminous material. In the case of small uncrushed solid materials
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