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Resistance To Deformation and Cohesion of Bituminous Mixtures by Means of Hveem Apparatus
Resistance To Deformation and Cohesion of Bituminous Mixtures by Means of Hveem Apparatus
Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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TABLE 1 6.3 With the stabilometer and stage base in position on the
platen, adjust the testing machine so that the load will be
applied at the rate of 1.3 mm (0.05 in.)/min.
7. Procedure
7.1 Heat the specimen to be tested in an oven at 60 6 3C
(140 6 5F) for 3 to 4 h.
NOTE 1Bring the specimen to room temperature in the case in which
it is desired to test with whatever moisture may be present in the mixture.
7.2 Transfer the compacted specimen from the mold to the
stabilometer by means of a suitable push-out device. Make sure
that the specimen goes into the stabilometer straight, with the
tamped end up, and that it is firmly seated level on the base.
Place the follower on top of the specimen and apply a
horizontal pressure until exactly 34.5 kPa (5 psi) is recorded on
the stabilometer gage. If the testing machine has a spherically
seated type of upper head, the locking shims used during the
fabrication of the test specimen must be removed before
performing the stabilometer test. Start the vertical movement
of the press (speed of 1.3 mm (0.05 in.)/min) and record the
AAir cell. stabilometer gage readings when the vertical load is 13.4, 22.3,
BDisplacement pump. and 26.7 kN (3000, 5000, and 6000 lbf). Stop the vertical
C200-psi pressure gage.
DAmes dial.
movement of the press when the total load reaches 26.7 kN
EBase adjustment nut. (6000 lbf). Immediately reduce the vertical load to 4.45 6 0.45
FBottom of upper tapered ring. kN (1000 6 100 lbf), and then adjust the horizontal pressure to
FIG. 1 Hveem Stabilometer 34.5 kPa (5 psi). This will result in a further reduction of the
vertical load to less than 4.45 kN (1000 lbf). This is normal and
5. Test Specimens no compensation need be made. Measure the number of turns
of the pump handle required to raise the horizontal pressure
5.1 Test specimens shall be mixed and compacted in accor- from 34.5 to 689 kPa (5 to 100 psi) with the specimen in place.
dance with those procedures normally used. The procedure Turn the pump handle at approximately two turns per second
described in Practice D 1561 is a suitable procedure. when applying this pressure. The number of turns measured is
5.2 Test specimens shall be 102 mm (4 in.) in diameter. The the displacement reading, D. In measuring the displacement,
height of the test specimens should be 64 6 3 mm (2.5 6 0.1 the vertical load will increase and at times exceed 4.45 kN
in.). If this height cannot be obtained, the stabilometer value (1000 lbf). As before, these changes in load are characteristic
shall be corrected as indicated by Fig. 7. and no adjustment or compensation is required.
6. Adjustment of Stabilometer
8. Calculation
6.1 Adjust the stabilometer base so that the distance from
the bottom of the upper tapered ring (see Fig. 1) to the top of 8.1 Determine the stabilometer value of the specimen as
the base is 89 mm (3.5 in.). follows:
6.2 Place the calibration cylinder (preheated to 60C 22.2
S 5 (1)
(140F)) in place in the stabilometer. Seat it firmly on the stage, @~Ph D!/~Pv 2 Ph!# 1 0.222
hold it in place with either the hand or a vertical load of 0.45
kN (100 lbf) in the testing machine, and apply a horizontal where:
pressure of exactly 34.5 kPa (5 psi). When applying the S = stabilometer value,
Ph = horizontal pressure for corresponding Pv in kPa (or
34.5-kPa pressure, always start below or drop below this value,
psi),
then bring the pressure up to 34.5 kPa (5 psi) and gently tap the
D = displacement of specimen, and
dial to remove any slack in the system. Adjust the turns Pv = vertical pressure (typically the 2800 kPa (400 psi)
indicator dial to zero. Turn the pump handle at an approximate being applied when the vertical load is 22.3 kN (5000
rate of two turns per second until the stabilometer dial reads lbf).
689 kPa (100 psi). The turns indicator dial shall read 2.00 6
0.05 turns. If it does not, the air in the cell must be adjusted.
9. Report
Remove or add air by means of the valve and the rubber bulb,
then repeat the displacement measurement. Continue to adjust 9.1 Report the following information:
the amount of air in the system until the proper number of turns 9.1.1 Stabilometer value,
is obtained. Release the horizontal pressure and remove the 9.1.2 Test temperature, and
calibration cylinder. 9.1.3 Bitumen content.
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NOTE 1The specimen is given lateral support by the flexible sidewall, which transmits horizontal pressure to the liquid. The magnitude of the pressure
can be read on the gage.
FIG. 2 Diagrammatic Sketch of the Hveem Stabilometer
12. Procedure
12.1 Heat the specimen to be tested in an oven at 60 6 3C
(140 6 5F) for 3 to 4 h.
12.2 Preheat the cohesiometer to 60 6 3C (140 6 5F).
Clamp the test specimen firmly in the cohesiometer with the
tamped surface up, being certain that it is well centered with
the top plates parallel with the surface of the specimen. Tighten
the clamp nuts until snug using the fingers only. Delay starting
the test until the temperature within the cohesiometer cabinet
returns to 60 6 3C (140 6 5F). Allow the shot to flow into
FIG. 3 Hveem Stabilometer Placed in the Testing Machine the receiver at the end of the lever arm at a rate of flow of 1800
6 20 g/min. Stop the flow of shot when the specimen breaks or
COHESION when the lever arm deflects 13 mm (12 in.) from the horizontal,
if that occurs before the specimen breaks. Weigh and record the
10. Apparatus weight of shot in grams.
10.1 Cohesiometer A Hveem cohesiometer, as shown in
Fig. 8 and Fig. 9.4 The steel shot loading system may be 13. Calculation
replaced by any load delivery system that applies the load at
the rate of 1800 6 20 g/min. 13.1 Calculate the cohesiometer value as follows:
10.2 Steel Shot2000 g of steel shot, size No. 10, all SI Units:
passing a 2.00-mm (No. 10) sieve and retained on a 1.40-mm L
C5 (2)
(No. 14) sieve. W ~0.031H 1 0.0027H 2!
10.3 OvenAn oven capable of maintaining a temperature
of 60 6 3C (140 6 5F). Inch-Pound Units:
10.4 BalanceA balance having a capacity of 10 kg and L
C5 (3)
sensitive to 1 g or less. W ~0.20 H 1 0.044H 2!
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14. Report
14.1 Report the following information:
14.1.1 Cohesiometer value,
14.1.2 Test temperature, and
14.1.3 Bitumen content.
where:
C = cohesiometer value (g/25 mm (1 in.) of width cor-
rected to 76-mm (3-in.) height);
L = weight of shot, g;
W = diameter or width of specimen, cm (or in.); and
H = height of specimen, cm (or in.).
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15.2 The precision of these test methods depends on the Methods D 1560 for measuring the resistance to deformation
ability of the personnel performing them and the competency and the cohesion of bituminous mixtures, no statement on bias
of the equipment used. A method to check this can be found in is being made.
Specification D 3666.
15.3 BiasSince there is no accepted reference material
suitable for determining the bias for the procedure in Test
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FIG. 7 Chart for Correcting Stabilometer Values to Specimen Height of 2.5 in. [64 mm]
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