Magical girl

For the Spanish lm, see Magical Girl (lm). her future daughter, Chibiusa are seen as points of dier-
ence between Sailor Moon and typical Western super-
heroines.* [5] Another notable example is Cardcaptor
Magical girls ( mah shjo, also known as ma-
hou shoujo or majokko) is a subgenre of Japanese fan- Sakura, with its manga and subsequent animated series
being highly popular in and outside Japan.
tasy anime and manga which feature girls who use magic.
After 2003, magical girl anime marketed to male au-
diences such as Magical Girl Lyrical Nanoha became a
1 Genre history prolic trend alongside the traditional female-oriented
works.* [8] The magical girl genre earned renewed pop-
ularity in the 2010s with the advent of Puella Magi
Manga and anime historians regard the Princess Knight
Madoka Magica, whose mature themes and darker ap-
manga, released in 1953, as the prototype for the mag-
* * proach earned acclaim from viewers and critics outside
ical girl genre. [1] :77 Himitsu no Akko-chan, serial-
its target audience.* [9]
ized nine years later (1962) in Ribon, is generally ac-
cepted to be the earliest magical girl manga.* [2]* :8 Sally After 2010, there was a notable increase in series por-
the Witch is regarded by historians as the rst magical traying magical boysin protagonist roles instead of
girl anime.* [1]* :78* [3] It was adapted from the Sally the the traditional supporting roles. Cute High Earth Defense
Witch manga, which was serialized in Ribon from 1966 Club Love! is a 2015 television magical boy anime series
to 1967, which was inspired by the Japanese dub versions created by Kurari Umatani and produced by Diomeda,
of the American lm Mary Poppins and the TV series which parodies tropes and cliches common to magical girl
Bewitched, which were popular among Japanese girls in anime.* [10] In Is This a Zombie?, a zombie is resurrected
the 1960s.* [4] by a necromancer after being killed by a serial killer, in-
advertently gains magical girlpowers, and is forced
Mahtsukai Chappy (1972) and Majokko Megu-chan
to become a magical boy(and thereby crossdress) in
(19741975) popularized the term majokko(little
the process.* [11]
witch) as a name for the genre. Megu-chan has been noted
for its portrayal of multiple magical girls and the friend-
ship between girls. Due to the women's lib movement in
Japan, magical girls began displaying a certain coquet-
1.1 Magical girls in non-anime works
tishnessin the 1970s.* [5]
The Italian-animated series Winx Club uses a magical
In the 1980s, Magical Princess Minky Momo (1982) and girl concept for its main characters, including transfor-
Creamy Mami, the Magic Angel (1983-1984) showed girls mations for each character.* [12]* [13] In 2014, LoliRock
transforming into a grown-up image of themselves debuted as a French anime-inuenced animation series of
. This has been linked to the increasing prominence of the genre, and contains many references to Japanese mag-
women at this time such as Doi Takako, as well as the girl ical girl franchises.* [14]* [15] Girls of Olympus, a French
band Princess Princess and idol Seiko Matsuda, and the series, portrays a trio of magical girlfriends as reincarna-
passage of the Equal Employment Opportunity Act.* [5] tions of Twelve Olympians goddesses.* [16] Miraculous
Kumiko Saito argues that magical girl anime is best un- Ladybug, another French series, blends magical girl con-
derstood as twenty-ve-minute advertisements for toy ventions with *
modern superhero action and adventure sto-
*
merchandise, highlighting the high production costs and rytelling. [17] [18]
the involvement of Bandai in Sailor Moon and Precure.
He acknowledges that despite this and the childish plots,
magical girl anime discuss gender roles and identities.* [6] 2 See also
The Sailor Moon manga and anime are considered to
have revitalized the genre in the 1990s and paved the See also: Category:Magical girl anime and manga.
way for later successful titles.* [2]* :199* [7] A key fea-
ture of the heroines of Sailor Moon is that their trans-
formations make them look more feminine, as well as Girl Heroes
make them stronger. The romantic relationship between
Usagi Tsukino and Mamoru Chiba and Usagi's care for Super Sentai

1
2 4 REFERENCES

Superheroine [11] Anime Series' Ocial Homepage. Anime Series' Of-

cial Homepage. January 21, 2011. Retrieved January
23, 2011.

3 Further reading [12] Anders, Ella (February 13, 2016).Winx Club to Receive
Live-Action Film. BSC Kids. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
Yoshida, Kaori (2002). Evolution of Female [13] Deheer, Laura (April 15, 2015). Changing Anime
Heroes: Carnival Mode of Gender Representation Trends Over Time. GoodEReader. Oakbranch Me-
in Anime. Western Washington University. Re- dia. Retrieved March 21, 2016. It is also thanks to Sailor
trieved 2007-09-22. Moon that the following ten years saw the rise of the magi-
cal girl, a genre that had always been around but rarely saw
Napier, Susan J. (1998) [1998]. Vampires, Psy- such success. In the aftermath of Sailor Moon came Card-
chic Girls, Flying Women and Sailor Scouts. In captor Sakura, Shugo Chara, Pretty Cure and the like. The
Martinez, Dolores P. The Worlds of Japanese Popu- genre even reached around the globe to other nations of
lar Culture: Gender, Shifting Boundaries and Global animation, such as Frances W.I.T.C.H. novels and Italy
Culture. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521- s popular animated series Winx Club.
63128-9. [14] Jenkins, Bob (October 1, 2013). Lolirock Gets Ready
to Rock. License! Global. Advanstar Communications.
Retrieved January 9, 2016.
4 References [15] Todesco, Bertrand (September 4, 2015). Back to 2011!
The creation of LoliRock - Part 1: Iris Genesis. Re-
[1] Gravett, Paul (2004). Manga: Sixty Years of Japanese trieved June 13, 2016 via Tumblr.
Comics (2. print. ed.). London: Laurence King. ISBN
1-85669-391-0. [16] Girls of Olympus. The Animation Band. Retrieved
March 16, 2016.
[2] Thompson, Jason (2007). Manga: The Complete Guide.
[17] Anders, Ella (July 2, 2015). Part Magical Girl, Part Su-
New York: Del Rey Books. ISBN 0345485904.
perhero; Ladybug Arrives State-Side in Fall. BSC Kids.
[3] Boren, James (September 2003).The Making of a Mag- Retrieved January 9, 2016.
ical Girl. Animerica (Viz Media) 11 (9): 31. [18] Collins, Elle (December 3, 2015). Teen French Heroes
Ladybug & Cat Noir Arrive On Nickelodeon. Comics
[4] Drazen, Patrick (2003). Anime Explosion! The What?
Alliance. Retrieved February 27, 2016. The inuence of
Why? & Wow! of Japanese Animation ([Nachdr.] ed.).
the Magical Girl genre is inescapable; when Marinettes
Berkeley, California: Stone Bridge Press. p. 281. ISBN
mother is captured in a bubble and carried o into the
1-880656-72-8.
sky, apparently along with every adult in Paris, Marinette
[5] Sugawa, Akiko (February 26, 2015). Children of transforms into Ladybug in a series of twirls and poses,
Sailor Moon: The Evolution of Magical Girls in Japanese just as Sailor Moon and other magical girls always do. She
Anime. Nippon Communications Foundation. Re- even has the guidance of some kind of talking ladybug
trieved May 28, 2016. creature, fullling another Magical Girl trope.

[6] Saito, Kumiko (2 January 2014). Magic, Shjo,

and Metamorphosis: Magical Girl Anime and the Chal-
lenges of Changing Gender Identities in Japanese Soci-
ety. The Journal of Asian Studies 73 (01): 143164.
doi:10.1017/S0021911813001708.

[7] Poitras, Gilles (2004). Anime Essentials: Every Thing a

Fan Needs to Know (4. [Ausg.] ed.). Berkely, Calif.:
Stone Bridge Press. pp. 3132. ISBN 1-880656-53-1.

[8] AnimeNation Anime News Blog Blog Archive Ask

John: Is Magical Girl Anime for Male Viewers a New
Trend?". Animenation.net. 2007-10-22. Retrieved 2014-
08-20.

[9] Ohanesian, Liz (October 22, 2012). How Puella Magi

Madoka Magica Shatters Anime Stereotypes. LA
Weekly. Retrieved August 18, 2014.

[10] Binan Koko Chikyuu Boei-bu Love Anime with High

School Boys Unveiled. Anime News Network. 2014-
09-26. Retrieved 2014-12-30.
 3

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