International Journal for Research in Technological Studies| Vol.

2, Issue 11, October 2015 | ISSN (online): 2348-1439

A Brief Review on Green Engine

Prakhar Bajpayee Gopal Sahu2 Prakash Kumar Sen3 Ritesh Sharma4 Shailendra Bohidar5
1
1
Student 2,3,4,5Lecturer
1,2,3,4,5
Department of Mechanical Engineering
1,2,3,4,5
Kirodimal Institute of Technology, Raigarh (C.G.)
Abstract Green Engine the name itself reveals it is well Today world is facing the many problems regarding energy
suited for the atmosphere and it is pollution free. The green crisis. Along with this we are facing major environmental
engine is the most interesting discoveries of the new troubles due to increase in harmful gases which are evolved
millennium. It has many unique features. And it has high from now where else but the combustion of this
efficiency compared to the other type of engine. It has some conventional energy sources. Major portion of the fuel is
features like high expansion ratio, strong swirling, burnt in the engine. Used for the various purposes like main
sequential variable compression ratio, direct intake etc. automobiles, generators and power plants etc. statistics
And also the exhaust emissions are near zero. The show that, the daily consumption of the petroleum all over
significance of the engine lies in the efficiency when the the world today is 40 million barrels of which about 50% is
present world conditions of limited resources of the energy used for automobile purpose.
are considered. Generators have been produced with the
green engine. III. GLOBAL ISSUES
Keywords Piston Less, Efficiency, Exhaust, Generators Everyday radios, newspapers, televisions and the internet
warn us of energy exhaustion, atmospheric pollution and
I. INTRODUCTION hostile climatic conditions. After few hundred years of
The paper describes about the green engine, which is one of industrial development, we are facing these global problems
the most interesting discoveries of the new millennium. It while at the same time we maintain a high standard of
has got some unique features when compared to other living. The most important problem we are faced with is
contemporary engines. This engine is one of the piston less whether we should continue developing or die.
with features like High expansion ratio, strong swirling,
sequential variable compression ratio, direct intake etc. The IV. TECHNICAL FEATURES
efficiency of this engine is very high and also the exhaust Compared to conventional piston engines, operated on four
emissions are near zero. The significance of the engine lies phases, the Green engine is an actual six phase internal
in the efficiency when the present world is facing some combustion engine with much higher expansion ratio. Thus
serious problems regarding energy crisis. Various researches it has six independent or separate working processes: intake,
on this engine is being carried out and yet to find the compression, mixing, combustion, power and exhaust,
demerits of this engine. Generators have been produced by resulting in the high air charge rate. Satisfactory air-fuel
using green engine. Hence the green engine is the engine of mixing, complete burning, high combustion efficiency and
future. The engine s prototype have been recently full expansion. The most important characteristic is the
developed and also because of the unique design, expansion ratio being much bigger than the compression
Limitations have been to any extent but even in the face of ratio. Therefore, an engine having extremely high thermal
limitations if any , the green engine have sure to serve the efficiency, near-zero emissions, quietness, light and small,
purpose to large extent. lower cost with capability of burning of various fuels has
come into being.
II. NEED TO INVENT
A. Direct Air Intake
Direct air intake means that there is no air inlet pipe, throttle
and inlet valves on the air intake system. Air filter is directly
connected to the intake port of the engine, and together with
the less heating effect of air intake process, benefited from
lower temperature of independent intake chamber, a highest
volumetric efficiency which makes engine produce a high
torque of output on all speed range is achieved. The pump
loss which consumes the part of engine power is eliminated.
Also fuel measuring facilities are built-in, and parts are
saved.
B. Strong Swirling
As a tangential air duct in between combustion chamber and
compression chamber, a very swirling which could lost until
gas port is opened, can be formed while air is pumped into
the combustion chamber. Consequently, the air-fuel mixing
and the combustion process can have a satisfying working
condition.
Fig. 1: Energy Crisis

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 A Brief Review on Green Engine
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C. Sequential Variable Compression Ratio V. CONSTRUCTION

This greatly revolutionary innovation can provide the most The engine comprises a set of rotors which houses a number
suitable compression ratio for the engine whatever operation of small pot-like containers that compression, mixing,
mode it works on with burning variety of fuels. Therefore, combustion are carried out .The engine also contains two air
an excellent combustion performance is attained. intake ports and a pair of fuel injectors and spark plugs. The
spark plugs are connected in such a system so as to
D. Direct Fuel Injection
deactivate them, when a fuel which does not need sparks for
Direct fuel injection can provide higher output and torque, ignition is used. The rotor is made of high heat resistance
while at the same time it also enhances the response for and low expansion rate material such as ceramic. Whereas
acceleration. the metal used is an alloy of steel, aluminium and
E. Super Air-Fuel Mixing chromium.
Since the independent air-fuel mixing phase is having
enough time for mixing air and fuel under strong swirling VI. WORKING
and hot situation, the engine is capable to burn any liquid or As earlier mentioned, the Green engine is a six phases,
gas fuels without modifications. An ideal air-fuel mixture internal combustion engine with much higher expansion
could delete CO emission. Also centrifugal effect coming ratio. The term phase is used instead of stroke because
from both strong swirling and rotation of the burner makes Stroke is actually associated to the movement of the piston.
the air-fuel mixture denser near the spark plug. The travelling of the piston from bottom dead centre to the
top dead centre or vice versa is termed a stroke. But, in this
F. Constant Volume Combustion engine pistons are absent and hence, the term phase is
The fuels can generate more energy while the combustion used. The six phases are: intake, compression, mixing,
occurs on the constant volume. Also, the constant volume combustion, power and exhaust.
combustion technology can allow the engine to have a stable
combustion when the lean burning is managed. Moreover,
more water can be added in to make the much higher
working pressure and drop down the combustion
temperature, so power is added; heat losses and NOx
emissions are decreased.

Fig. 3: Construction and Working of Green Engine

A. Intake
The air arrives to the engine through the direct air intake
port in the absence of an air inlet pipe, throttle and inlet
valves on the air intake system. A duct is provided on the
sides of the vane and rotor. The duct is so shaped that when
Fig. 2: P-V diagram for green engine the air moves through, strong swirls generate when it gets
compressed in the chamber. The air pushes the vane blades
G. Multi-Power pulses which in turn impart a proportionate rotation in the small
The green engine operates on multi-power pulses with a rotor which houses the chambers. The inlet air duct ends
small volume of working chamber contrasted to the with a very narrow opening to the chamber.
conventional engine dose on the single power pulse with a
large working chamber. Obviously, a small volume of B. Compression
chamber only needs little space, resulting in compact The rushing air from the duct is pushed by the blades into
structure and limited size. the small chambers is comparatively very small. Naturally
the compression obtain by such a procedure is very
H. High Expansion Ratio satisfactory. As earlier mentioned, the compressed air is in a
High expansion ratio can make the burnt gases to release swirling state, ready to be mixed with the fuel which will be
much more power. In other words, the waste gases while injected into the chamber when it will be place before the
they run out of the engine are only bringing much less injector by the already rotating rotor.
energy with them. Therefore, the engine has high efficiency.
C. Mixing
I. Vibration Free As soon as the chamber comes in front of the fuel injector,
As major moving parts, vanes which are counted in little the injector sprays fuel into the compressed air. Because the
mass and operated symmetrically, the performance of the shape of chamber, the fuel mixes well with the compressed
engine is very smooth. Hence, vibrations are eliminated. air. The importance of ideal mixing leads to deletion of CO

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 A Brief Review on Green Engine
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emission. And also because of the strong swirling, a well. Also it would be ideal to coal powder if special
centrifugal effect is exerted in the air-fuel mixture. antiwearing material is employed.
Moreover, the rotation of the burner, makes this centrifugal
E. Near Zero Emission
effect all the more effective. Mixing phase has enough time
to produce an ideal air-fuel mixture as the spark Plug is With perfect air-fuel mixture, complete combustion under
positioned towards the other end of the rotor or burner. lower peak temperature and free of quenching effect, the
emission of CO, HC and NOx could be near zero thereby, a
D. Combustion catalytic convertor could be not required at all.
As the chamber rotates towards the end of its path, it is
F. Smooth-Operation
positioned before the spark plug. A spark flies from the plug
into the air-fuel mixture. Because of the mixing phase, the Due to inherence of good dynamic and static balance the
air-fuel mixture is denser near the spark plug, thereby, performance of the Green engine is as smooth as an electric
enabling lean-burning of the charge and also a uniform motor.
flame front. As soon as the whole charge is ignited, the G. Fast Accelerating Response
burner rotates to position itself in front of the narrow exit.
Direct injection, little rotating inertia and deleted
E. Power reciprocating motion can characterize the green engine with
The expanded gas rushes out of the chamber through the operating at a very fast accelerating response.
narrow opening, thereby pushing the name in the process. H. Low Cost
The sudden increase in volume ensures that more power is
Limited parts, small in size, light in weight and depending
released. Or in other words, the thermal energy is fully
utilized. upon current mature materials and manufacturing
technologies, mean that it would be done at much lower cost
F. Exhaust on manufacture, transportation, installing to other devices,
As the thermal energy is fully utilized, the exhaust gases and maintenance.
bring along comparatively less heat energy. This mainly I. Highly Reliable
helps in the thermal efficiency of the engine. It raises the
As there are fewer moving parts operating smoothly, no
engines thermal efficiency and also because of the
complete burning of the charge, poisonous gases like CO are crankshaft, valves, connecting rods, cams and timing chains
absent in the exhaust emissions. and intakes and exhaust actions are accomplished directly
by the motion of the vanes. Thus, it is highly reliable.
VII. ADVANTAGES J. Quietness and Low Exhaust Temperature
As obvious from the technical features which include Burst out under small amount of mixtures, free of vibrations,
effective innovation, the advantages of the green engine and high expansion ratio make the Green engine much
over the contemporary piston engines are many. quieter. It is really environment-friendly. Green engine
vehicles could transport troops on the battlefield of the
A. Small Size and Light Weight future, and could serve as a vital source of auxiliary power
As Green engine is very compact with multi-power pulses, in combat. This is because these engines are quiet, flexible
the size and weight could be 1/5 to 1/10 of the conventional and operate at low temperature, making them ideal for use in
piston engines on same output. Its power to weight ratio stealth vehicle.
Could be more than 2 hp per pound without supercharge or
turbo charge. VIII. APPLICATION OF GREEN ENGINE
B. Limited Parts 1) Like normal engine green engine can be employed
There are only some dozens of parts easy to be in automobile and in aircrafts too.
manufactured in the engine structure. 2) Engineering application.
3) Military use.
C. High Efficiency 4) Mines.
Because many great innovations are being employed in the 5) Electrical generators.
engine design such as: direct air intake, sequential variable 6) Ships and submarines.
compression ratio, super mixing process, constant volume
combustion, controllable combustion time, high working IX. CONCLUSION
temperature of the burner, high expansion ratio and self- The green engines prototype has been recently developed,
adapting sealing system etc., the thermal efficiency of the and also because of the unique design, limitation have not
engine could be potentially as high as 65 %, even more if been determined to any extent. But even in the face of
water add-in technology is to be considered. limitation if any, the green engine is sure to serve the
D. Multi-Fuels purpose to a large extent. Create less smog in the air, reduce
Due to six phases of working principle, super air fuel mixing the risk of health problem as heart dieses and lung cancer.
process and constant volume combustion with controllable
time, the Green engine becomes the only real multi-fuel REFERENCE
engine on our planet; any liquid or gas fuels can be burnt [1] Sibley, Brian (1995). The Thomas the Tank Engine
Man. London: Heinemann. ISBN 0-434-96909-5.

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 A Brief Review on Green Engine
(IJRTS/Vol. 2/Issue 11/Oct. 2015)

[2] ^ "The Real Stories Database book 23, story 2".

(Real life events that inspired the Rev W Awdry). The
Real Lives of Thomas the Tank Engine. Retrieved 22
October 2010.
[3] http://www.greenenginetech.com
[4] http://www.streamauthors.com
[5] http:// www.slideshare.com
[6] Introduction to internal engines by Richard Stone.
[7] Internal Combustion Engines by K.K. Ram lingam.

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