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  • Review: Stress: Defined As The Force Applied Per Until Area. Normal Stresses: Shear Stresses

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    Gaurav Agarwal
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    This document defines key concepts related to stress, strain, and failure in engineering materials. It discusses normal and shear stresses, Hooke's law relating stress and strain, principal stresses and Mohr's circle method for determining principal stresses. It also covers principal shear stresses, stress concentrations around geometric discontinuities, and the use of stress concentration factors.

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    Lect-2

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    This document defines key concepts related to stress, strain, and failure in engineering materials. It discusses normal and shear stresses, Hooke's law relating stress and strain, principal stresses and Mohr's circle method for determining principal stresses. It also covers principal shear stresses, stress concentrations around geometric discontinuities, and the use of stress concentration factors.

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    20 views11 pages

    Review: Stress: Defined As The Force Applied Per Until Area. Normal Stresses: Shear Stresses

    Uploaded by

    Gaurav Agarwal
    This document defines key concepts related to stress, strain, and failure in engineering materials. It discusses normal and shear stresses, Hooke's law relating stress and strain, principal stresses and Mohr's circle method for determining principal stresses. It also covers principal shear stresses, stress concentrations around geometric discontinuities, and the use of stress concentration factors.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 11

    Review: Stress

    Defined as the force applied per until area.


    Normal and Shear Components:

    Normal Stresses:
    Axial
    Bending

    Shear Stresses:
    Direct Shear
    Bending Shear
    Torsional Shear

    S. Waldman MECH 323


    Review: Stress

    Normal Stresses Shear Stresses

    S. Waldman MECH 323


    Review: Strain
    Defined as the amount of deflection per until length
    under an applied load (or stress).

    Hookes Law:
    Linear relationship between stress and strain (within the
    elastic region)

    Normal stresses: = E

    Shear stresses: = G

    S. Waldman MECH 323


    Review: Principal Stresses
    For any combination of stresses, the resultant stress field is
    continuous and the normal and shear stresses vary with direction in
    the material.

    There exists a set of planes where the shear stresses are zero and
    the normal stresses acting on these planes (principal axes) are
    called the principal stresses.

    Also, there will be a set of planes where the shear stresses are
    maximal (principal shear stresses) and are oriented 45 to the
    principal axes.

    S. Waldman MECH 323


    Review: Mohrs Circle
    One commonly used technique to determine the
    principal stresses for a 2D stress state.

    S. Waldman MECH 323


    Review: Mohrs Circle (3D)
    If one of the principal stresses are zero (i.e. state of
    plane stress), then Mohrs circle can also be used to
    determine the principal stresses in 3D.

    S. Waldman MECH 323


    Review: Principal Stresses
    Principal Stresses:

    x + y x y
    2

    a , b = + xy 2 (in the x-y plane)


    2 2

    c = 0 (plane stress)

    these stresses are then ordered (by convention):

    1 > 2 > 3

    Direction of Principal Axes (in the x-y plane):


    2 xy
    tan 2 p =
    x y

    S. Waldman MECH 323


    Review: Principal Shear Stresses
    Principal Shear Stresses (in the x-y plane):

    y
    2

    1 , 2 = x + xy 2
    2

    Principal Shear Stresses (3D):


    1 2
    12 =
    2
    2 3
    23 =
    2

    1 3
    13 = (maximum principal shear stress)
    2

    S. Waldman MECH 323


    Example

    S. Waldman MECH 323


    Review: Stress Concentrations
    In the basic stress equations (bending, etc.) it is assumed that no
    geometric irregularities exist within the material under
    consideration.

    Quite often this is not the case and geometric discontinuities must
    be incorporated into the parts design (e.g. shoulders, keyways,
    holes).

    Such discontinuities alter the stress field within the vicinity of the
    discontinuity and act to amplify the stresses (i.e. stress raisers or
    stress concentrations).

    S. Waldman MECH 323


    Review: Stress Concentrations
    A stress concentration factor is used to relate the actual
    maximum stress at the discontinuity to the nominal
    stress.
    max
    Normal stresses: Kt = or max = K t o
    o

    Shear Stresses: K ts = max or max = K ts o
    o

    S. Waldman MECH 323

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