Helical Gears

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Helical Gears

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 pn pn
pt = pt =
Helical Gears cos sin
tan n
pt
Terminologies cos =
tan t
A
B
px

pt

t
pn
A

B
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 Interference of Helical Gears

For a Given mG , the smallest tooth number

NP =
2k cos
(1 + 2mG ) sin t
2
(
1 + 1 + (1 + 2mG ) sin 2 t )
The smallest pinion The largest gear can run with a
runing with a rack helical-spur geartooth number N P

4k cos N P2 sin 2 t 4k 2 cos 2

NP = NG =
2 sin 2 t 4k cos 2 N P sin 2 t

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 Example:
Given: normal pressure angle 20, the helix angle is 30, gear ratio is 1

Find: the smallest tooth number of a full-depth helical-spur pinion

NP =
2k cos
(1 + 2mG ) sin 2 t
(1 + 1 + (1 + 2mG ) sin 2 t )
Solution:

n = 20o , = 30o tan n

cos = tan 20o
mG = 1, k = 1 tant t = tan
1
= 22.8o
o
cos 30

NP =
2(1) cos 30 o
(1 + 2 1) sin 22.8
2 o
(
1 + 1 + (1 + 2 1) sin 2 22.8o )
= 8.48 = 9 teeth (answer)
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 Worm Gears

Worm

L
L = px N w tan =
Worm d w
Gear

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 Worm Gears

dW

N G pt
dG =

dG

C 0.875 C 0.875
dw
Worm gear

3.0 1.7

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 Forces on Gears

Movie courtesy: UWA

Tool systems table

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 Forces on Spur Gears
Driven gear
Gear FAG
A
A
G
G TAG

FtPG
FrPG
B FpG
FrGP FGP

p FtGP
p TBP
Pinion
B
Driving gear

dP FBP
r
FGP = FGP
t
tan TBP = FGP
t

2 9

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 Forces on Helical Gears

Ft F t+ F a F

Fr
n Fa
z Fa
F r F t+ F a + F r Ft

n F t+ F a

Fa = Ft tan

Ft
Fr = tan n = Ft tan t
cos 10

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 Example
Forces on Spur Gears

The gears shown in the figure

have a module of 2 mm and a
20 pressure angle.

The pinion rotates at 1800

rev/min counterclockwise and
transmits 200 kW through the
idler pair to gear 5 on shaft c.

What forces to gears 3 and 4

transmit to the idler shaft?

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 Example

Solution:
Given:
m = 2 mm,
nP = 1800 rev/min ccw,
N2 = 18T,
N3 = 32T,
N4 = 18T,
N5 = 48T.

Pitch Diameters: di=Nxm

d2 = 18x2 = 36 mm;
d3 = 32x2 = 64 mm;
d4 = 18x2 = 36 mm;
d5 = 48x2 = 96 mm.
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 Example
Solution (cont.):
Pitch Diameters: d = N m Given:
m = 2 mm,
d2 = 18x2 = 36 mm; nP = 1800 rev/min cw,
d3 = 32x2 = 64 mm; H = 200kW
d4 = 18x2 = 36 mm;
d5 = 48x2 = 96 mm. F32 F32r
t
2n2 F32t d 2 n2 F32
H = Ta 22 = ( F r ) t
32 2=
60 60

H: Power, W a
F32t : tangential load on the pinion, N
d2 : diameter of the pinion, m
n2: speed of the pinion, rev/min 2
Ta2: Torque from shaft a to gear 2
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 Example

Solution (cont.):
Given:
60 H 60 200 103
m = 2 mm,
F32t = = nP = 1800 rev/min cw,
d 2 n2 36 10 3 1800 H = 200kW
= 58946 N F32 F32r
F32t
d
Ta 2 = F32t 2 = 1061 Nm
2
F32r = F32t tan a

= 58946 tan 20 o = 21455 N

2
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 Example
Solution (cont.):
Given:
F23t = F32t = 58946 N m = 2 mm,
nP = 1800 rev/min ccw,
Since shaft b is an idler shaft H = 200kW
Tb 3 = Tb 4
d3 d
Tb 3 = F23t Tb 4 = F54t 4 4
F54r
2 2 b
d
F54t = F23t 3 = 104792 N 3 F54t F54
d4 F23t
F54r = F54t tan = 38141 N F23
F23r

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 Example

Answers:
F32t = 58946 N

F32r = 21455 N
4
F54r
= 104792 N
t
F54 b

F54r = 38141 N 3 F54t

F23t

F23r

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 Summary

Helical gears

Worm gears

Forces on gears

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