CLEAN AIR

TAILOR MADE SOLUTIONS

FOR AIR TREATMENT
AIR POLLUTION
Industrial expansion, economic and population growth cause increasing emissions of hazardous pollutants into the atmosphere.
Off gases and flue gases are often polluted by particulates, aerosols, acid gases and various other chemical substances that
need to be removed before being discharged. Choosing the appropriate treatment and technology is project specific. Our tailor
made solutions for any kind of air or gas treatment problems are based on research & development, pilot plants and on-site
measurements. Our range of solutions is based on proprietary know-how and technology acquired from MECS-DuPont, BAYER,
Reither, KIMRE Inc as well as Socrematic which has become our Waterleau France competence center for air treatment, located
near Paris.

WATERLEAUS MAIN AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEMS

WATPACK
CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS ABATEMENT WATMESH
Bases, acids, sulfur, nitrogen compounds, toxic gases WATMONIA
WATTRAY

INDUSTRIAL & FERTILIZER DUST REMOVAL

Removal of dust particles from industrial gases KIMRETM SXF scrubbers
Corrosive, toxic, plugging dusts TURBULAIRE
Combined urea and ammonia abatement REITHER
BAYER REITHER
DynaWave
CALVERT
FLUE GAS TREATMENT / DESULPHURISATION
WATSPRAY chimney
Treatment of flue gases by wet processes
Treatment of dioxins

MIST PARTICLES AND AEROSOL REMOVAL B-GONTM

KON-TANETM
Removal of micron liquid particles from gases
BRINK
WATMESH

VOC TREATMENT & ODOUR CONTROL BELAIR

BIOTON
Recuperation processes and destruction of VOC emitted by solvent using industries BIOWACK
Reduction of unpleasant odors from industrial activity, waste treatment, WATPACK
wastewater treatment plants, composting plants, fish flour and rendering plants WATTRAY

BIOGAS CLEANING
BELGAS
Desulphurization of biogas using wastewater / activated sludge. Especially
appropriate for S-cleaning of CO2-containing gas streams

2
OUR TRACK RECORD OUR SERVICES
Over 45 years of experience in all fields of air treatment Feasibility studies
More than 500 references in all industries worldwide:
Pilot plants
Chemical, pharmaceutical
Oil and gas Design and engineering
Steel and construction
Printing Procurement and construction
Food and beverage
Fertilizer Maintenance and
Pulp and paper after sales services
Textiles
Waste incineration
Municipal & industrial wastewater treatment

OUR TECHNOLOGIES OUR TECHNOLOGY

Through the years, we have developed proprietary air PARTNERS/LICENSORS
treatment technology. The emphasis is on sustainable and
reliable technologies that serve both our clients and the
environment. We select from a comprehensive set of high-
performance technologies, rather than to work with one
and the same standard solution.
Collaboration with engineering companies:

-- Selected distributor of KIMRETM products for Europe

-- Distributor of MECS-DuPont products: Brink** and DynaWave**
-- Owner of REITHER* and distributor of BAYER-REITHER double venturi systems
-- Preferred vendor for STAMICARBON and UHDE Fertilizer Technology (UFT)
* REITHER is a trademark of Waterleau
** BRINK and DynaWave are registered trademarks of MECS-DuPont

WATERLEAU AIR COMPETENCE CENTER

Saint-Ouen-lAumne, France

3
 CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS ABATEMENT
Our range of packed bed scrubbers is capable of absorbing and separating chemical pollutants such as alkaline or acidic
compounds, sulfurous or nitrogenous compounds, toxic gases, solid particles as well as aerosols.

PROCESSES APPLIED
Absorption processes for chemical pollutants such as:
Alkaline: NaOH, KOH, ...
PREVENTING
Acidic: HCl, HF, HCN, HBr, H3PO4, ...
Sulfurous compounds: H2SO4, SO2, SO3, H2S, Mercaptans..
POLLUTANTS
Nitrogenous compounds: NH3, RNH2, ...
Toxic gases: CL2, BF3, SO3,
ESCAPING INTO
Separation processes for droplets and aerosols such as:
H2CrO4, H2SO4, HNO3, (NH4)2SO4, HCl, ...
THE ATMOSPHERE
Separation processes for dust and solid particles such as:
ZnO, NH4NO3, Cr2O5, TiO2, Zr2O5

APPLICATIONS
Production, storage and packaging of basic chemical compounds
Fluidized bed, prill tower, granulator, dryer, atomizers and coolers used in the production of fertilizers, sugar, alfalfa,
urea and ammonia nitrate
Degassing of reactors in fine chemistry and pharmacy
Liquid/waste incineration in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry
Metallurgy: iron and steel industries
Treatment of SO2/SO3/HF/HBr/HCl gaseous emissions
Lime kilns, paper waste
Degreasing and chroming baths, preparation and metalizing surfaces
For all these applications, operating parameters are analyzed and proper processes recommended while fulfilling legal
obligations based on following criteria: flow rate, nature of pollutant, temperature, concentration, pressure drop, emission
limits, available space, references, MOC, budget

Acid/Alkaline gases are absorbed by a vertical WATPACK or horizontal cross flow SXF-WATPACK scrubber using a corresponding
reagent and using proprietary equipment, skid mounted if requested.

TECHNOLOGIES
WATPACK packed bed scrubber: solution for gaseous pollutants absorption in a vertical counter-current flow packed bed
scrubber using WATPACK absorption packing and WATMESH demister technologies.
KIMRETM SXF* horizontal cross flow scrubber: gaseous pollutants absorption in a horizontal cross flow scrubber equipped
with specific WATPACK KON-TANE KIMRE* pads to maximize the gas/liquid contact, followed by a WATMESH B-GON mist
eliminator.
WATTRAY tray scrubber: Waterleaus vertical tray scrubber technology for pollutants absorption and dust removal.
WATSPRAY spray scrubber: Waterleaus spray tower scrubber technology using multiple spray nozzles in different stages and
WATMESH technology.
WATMESH demister: Waterleaus high performance mist eliminator using proprietary composition of different bone crimp and
mesh diameter, provided in different materials.
WATMONIA ammonia scrubber: scrubber technology for ammonia removal in fertilizer production and chemical plants
* KIMRETM is a trademark of Kimre, Inc.

4
REFERENCES

France - Food industry France - Chemical waste incineration France - Nuclear industry
WATPACK packed bed scrubber WATPACK packed bed scrubber for HCl treatment REITHER wet dedusting and HCl absorption

France - Nuclear industry France Food & beverage industry

WATPACK scrubber + BRINK mist eliminator for sodium treatment WATPACK horizontal cross flow scrubber for ammonia removal

Belgium Rendering plant Belgium - Steel galvanisation

WATPACK tray scrubber WATPACK vertical counterflow spray scrubber (H2SO4 / ZnSO4 treatment)

5
 INDUSTRIAL DUST REMOVAL
Particulate removal, conventionally called dust collection, involves the removal of coarse and fine particles from an air stream.
The emission of particulate pollutants to the atmosphere from industrial and other sources can create serious health problems
as well as economic consequences.
Particulates can have different chemical compositions depending on their origin. They are generally composed of:
Salts (nitrates, sulfates, carbonates)
Organic carbon
Trace elements such as heavy metals
Black carbon (black carbon is linked to incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass)

Atmospheric aerosols

Fog Mist Raindrop

Metallurgical dust and smoke

Cement dust

Zincoxide steam Pulverized coal

Insecticide dust Plant spore

Viruses Bacteria

Black carbon Pollens

Tobacco smoke

Cooking smoke/grease Flying ashes

0,0005 0,0001 0,005 0,01 0,05 0,1 0,5 1 5 10 50 100 500 1000 m
FINE PARTICLES

SUB-MICRON PARTICLES COARSE PARTICLES

APPLICATIONS
Liquid and solid waste incineration ELIMINATING
Tire, rubber and plastic processing
Chemical and fertilizer handling and processing THE FINEST DUST


Metal processing
Food & beverage PARTICLES UP


Petrochemical refining
Paint and coatings
TO SUBMICRON


Pharmaceutical plants
Beetpulp drying
LEVEL
Alfalfa drying

6
France - Soil incineration
DYNAWAVE flare gas desulphurisation, gypsum production
 France - Sugar and starch industry France - Fertilizer industry
WATSPRAY chimney dust removal TURBULAIRE dust removal

Iran - Fertilizer industry

TURBULAIRE urea dust removal

8
TECHNOLOGIES INDUSTRIAL DUST REMOVAL
Of all air pollution abatement technologies, wet scrubbing systems remain the most versatile and cost efficient.
Depending on particle size distribution, dust composition and dust concentration, Waterleau has developed several processes
to meet customer needs.
Gas outlet

WATSPRAY
The WATSPRAY chimney system is composed of two different sections:
WATMESH
The absorption and de-dusting section
The mist eliminator section with swirl vane and WATMESH demister Clean water

A typical application of the WATSPRAY chimney is the dust removal of pulp

Swirl vane demister

dryers in the sugar industry as well as alfalfa dryers.

Capacity
Gas flow: up to 500 000 m/h Sprayramps
Particle size distribution: > 10 m

Advantages
Extremely low pressure drop over gas side Drain
Gas inlet
Low water consumption due to maximum water recycling in the process
Low energy consumption due to low pressure to the sprayers Sample
Space saving Pump tank
point

Simultaneous absorption of gaseous pollutants possible

Pump

TURBULAIRE DUST SCRUBBER

Using liquid to collect dust particles, the TURBULAIRE dust scrubber combines a low energy variable venturi throat and high
velocity gas impaction on the liquid surface. The combination results in high efficiency dust scrubbing with a minimal amount
of energy.
The TURBULAIRE scrubber consists of a vertical cylindrical shell with conical top and conical hopper at the lower end. It is
divided into two chambers:
The agglomerator chamber with humidifying section
The eliminator chamber with swirl vane and WATMESH demister
The TURBULAIRE scrubber can be equipped if necessary with a final demister, a sub-cooling section or an absorption section.

Capacity Gas outlet

Gas flow: up to 800 000 m/h

Particle size distribution: > 1 m
Clean water
Outlet dust concentration: < 50 mg/m
Applications WATMESH

Sugar industry (lime kiln, pulp dryer, sugar dryer/cooler)

Fertilizer industry (fluidized bed dryer, cooler, granulator) Clean water

Combustion and incineration (bagasse boiler, coal or fuel oil boiler) Radial demister

Paper pulp industry (paper dust) Spray system

Atomizers in the food and beverage industry Pre-saturation of gas

Gas inlet in inlet duct

Advantages Weir box

Exemplary performances with low energy demand

Easy operation and maintenance
Large range of flow rates (up to 800 000 m/h)
System upgradable to new regulations Drain

Nearly maintenance free

No moving parts Sump tank for
recirculating liquid

Virtually no plugging risk Pump

Minimal liquid effluent blow-down rate

Reliable and economical design proven by hundreds of installations operating worldwide

9
DynaWave SCRUBBER*
The DynaWave* reverse jet scrubber is designed to solve air pollution control problems requiring reliable operation with dirty,
hot gases. Reverse Jet scrubbers are particularly reliable in dirty environments with high collection efficiencies.
The DynaWave* Reverse jet scrubber design consists of an inlet barrel equipped with one or two reverse jet injectors which are
very large bore, open throat nozzles, followed by a mist eliminator system. The feed gas stream enters the top of a vertical duct
and collides with the scrubbing liquid that is injected upward through large bore injectors. The froth zone creates a very high
rate of liquid surface renewal and efficiently quenches the gas to the adiabatic saturation temperature and absorbs dusts and
acids. Even under upset conditions, the scrubber is capable of quenching hot gases above 400C depending on the material.

Capacity Gas inlet Gas outlet

Gas flow: up to 1 000 000 m/h
Particle size distribution: > 0,5 m
Inlet dust concentration: 100 g/m

Advantages
WATMESH
Handles huge dust loads Froth zone
No plugging: large open bore liquid injectors
non-restrictive open vessel Reverse jet nozzle

Reduced bleed, by operating a high solid concentration

Reagent
in the recirculating liquid
Multiple functions in one scrubber (gas cooling,
Path of liquid
dust abatement, gaseous pollutants absorption)
Broad turndown ratio
Effluent Make-up
Low maintenance
Oxidation air
Possible use of a variety of reagents (NaOH, Ca(OH)2, (optional)

CaCO3, Mg(OH)2 , H2O2) for absorption Pump

* DynaWave is a trademark of MECS-DuPont

Belgium - Industrial & medical waste incineration France - Soil incineration France - Chemical waste incineration
DynaWave dust, HF, HCl & SO2 removal using CaCO3 DynaWave SO2 removal REITHER dust removal + WATPACK scrubber

10
REITHER & BAYER-REITHER* SCRUBBERS
The REITHER & BAYER-REITHER* scrubbers are double venturi scrubbers and particularly effective at removing dust and liquid
particles from 0,3 to 50 m at very high efficiencies. Venturi scrubbing of air particulates, aerosols and gases achieve removal
efficiencies up to 99% on particles and aerosols. At the sub-micron zone, the principle of venturi scrubbing forces the contact of
the particle with fine water droplets.

The REITHER venturi scrubber is designed for The BAYER-REITHER* venturi scrubber includes hybrid
efficient separation of the finest dust particles. nozzles which atomize the scrubbing liquid, whereby a
It is equipped with an adjustable throat cross pulsation of ejection drops is
section which maintains a constant pressure produced by installed resonance
drop across the throat, hence a constant
chambers. The scrubber achieves
separation efficiency, independent of any flow
very high efficiency separation
rate fluctuation.
of sub-micron dusts with a
Capacity REITHER low pressure drop and can
Gas flow: up to 200 000 m/h also be used as a gas absorber.
Particle size distribution: > 0.5 m
Capacity BAYER-REITHER*
Dust concentration: < 2 g/m
Gas flow: up to 30 000 m/h
Particle size distribution: > 0.3 m
Dust concentration: < 250 mg/m

Applications REITHER & BAYER-REITHER* Advantages REITHER & BAYER-REITHER*

Chemical manufacturing (incineration/boiler) Simple and compact design
Metallurgic industry (iron & steel, Cost effective
metal smelting, metal finishing & plating) High collection on superfine dusts and
Pharmaceutical plant aerosols with low pressure drop
Pesticides plant Controllable on different flow patterns, dust loads, ...
Paint & coating industry Simultaneous absorption of gaseous
pollutants possible
Food & beverage industry (atomizer, dryer)
Non-clogging
Electronics industry
Nuclear industry

* Venturi Scrubber System BAYER-REITHER is a registered trademark of Bayer, Germany

France - Waste boiler exhaust France - Chemical waste incineration

Flue gas desulphurisation REITHER & BAYER-REITHER dust removal
REITHER dust removal + WATPACK scrubber
11
 FERTILIZER DUST REMOVAL
Waterleau, previously Socrematic, has been present in the fertilizer antipollution since 1979. Today Waterleau designs and
engineers antipollution systems treating the gas exhaust of the following fertilizer plants :

PRILL TOWERS SANDVIK ROTOFORM PASTILLES

Ammonium Nitrate (AN) Urea
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) Urea + Ammonium Sulphate (UAS)
Urea
PHOSPHORIC ACID PLANTS
FLUIDIZED BED GRANULATION PLANTS Phosphoric Acid Digester Exhaust
Ammonium Nitrate (AN)
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) NAUTRALIZERS AND AIR EVAPORATORS
Urea Phosphoric Acid Digester Exhaust

In urea CAN and ammonium fertilizer plants, the main pollution to the environment originates from the prilling tower or
granulation plant. Exit air from urea prilling towers or granulators and cooler contains very fine urea dust in large quantities.
Apart from dust, the off-gas from prilling towers or granulators also contains free ammonia liberated from melt/solid urea.
The ammonia can be neutralised using WATMONIA wet scrubbing technology by injecting sulfuric acid or nitric acid into the
recirculation stream.

Waterleau counts over 40 plant references (more than 70 scrubbers) for air treatment in the fertilizer industry. Depending on
the quantity of the gas to be treated, dust concentration, ammonia, as well as gas temperature, single, double or triple staged
solutions can be designed, allowing to treat the urea abatement, the ammonia abatement as well as the cooling combined or
separately.

The Waterleau TURBULAIRE, WATTRAY, WATMONIA and KIMRETM SXF* scrubber technology are state-of-the-art and high
efficiency solutions for exhaust gas abatement in the fertilizer plant. Exhaust gas characteristics will define the technology to be
applied : scrubber design, type of demisters and the gas moisturizing/spraying system.

* KIMRETM is a trademark of Kimre, Inc.

Saudi Arabia - Fertilizer industry WATTRAY scrubber 3D

WATMONIA urea fluidized bed granulator exhaust

WATERLEAU IS A PREFERRED VENDOR OF STAMICARBON AND

UHDE FERTILIZER TECHNOLOGY (UFT) EXHAUST SCRUBBERS

12
13
TECHNOLOGIES FERTILIZER DUST REMOVAL
WATTRAY TRAY SCRUBBER
The WATTRAY tray scrubber is Waterleaus tray scrubber technology using fixed valve trays in combination with multiple layer
WATMESH bone crimp demisters and is particularly adapted for :
Urea dust removal in exhaust of fluidized bed urea granulation plants
Calcium ammonium nitrate fluidized bed and prill tower exhaust
Urea and ammonium nitrate prilling tower exhaust

KSA - Urea fluidized bed granulation plant

Double and single staged WATTRAY Urea dust + WATMONIA ammonia abatement

WATMONIA SCRUBBER
The WATMONIA scrubber is designed for the ammonia removal in fertilizer plant exhausts. In order to reduce footprint, the
WATMONIA scrubber can be integrated with the WATTRAY tray scrubber into a single staged combination for urea dust and
ammonia abatement.

KIMRETM* SXF HORIZONTAL CROSS FLOW SCRUBBER

Gaseous pollutants absorption in a horizontal cross flow scrubber equipped with specific KIMRETM B-GON and
KIMRETM KON-TANE demister pads to maximize the gas/liquid contact.
* KIMRE
TM
is a trademark of Kimre, Inc.

France - Fertilizer industry Brazil - Urea fluidized bed granulation plant

KIMRETM SXF horizontal cross flow scrubber KIMRETM SXF horizontal cross flow scrubber

14
CASE: UGAA PROJECT FOR SAFCO
SAFCO (Saudi Arabian Fertilizer Company), the worlds single largest producer and exporter of Granular Urea, started the
operation of its second ammonia and granular urea complex, located in al-Jubail Industry City in 1993. This was followed by a
third plant which began production in January 2000 as well as a fourth plant in 2004 followed by a fifth new plant.
As a proactive approach for environment protection and sustainable development, SAFCO decided to implement the Urea
Granulator Ammonia Abatement (UGAA) project for all Urea Granulators.
Waterleau designed and provided the WATMONIA scrubbers, reducing the Ammonia Emissions with over 85%.

Plants Significance Ammonia Mg/Nm TPY Result

Before UGAA 68.1 312.2 Ammonia emission from SAFCO-2
SAFCO-2 Urea Granulator Stack reduced by
After UGAA 4.95 22.5 92%

Before UGAA 100.9 410.2 Ammonia emission from SAFCO-3

SAFCO-3 Urea Granulator Stack reduced by
After UGAA 16.5 66.2 84%

BEST IN CLASS
SOLUTIONS FOR
UREA AND
AMMONIA REMOVAL

Safco, Saudi Arabia - Fertilizer industry

WATMONIA urea fluidized bed granulator exhaust

15
 FLUE GAS TREATMENT (FGT)
FLUE GAS DESULFURISATION (FGD)
Waste and sludge treatment, co-incineration and power plants
generate hot gaseous effluents or flue gases containing acid, soluble
salts and dusts mixed with heavy metals, dioxins and other pollutants.
Waterleau proposes different processes to meet the regulation MANAGING THE
emissions, in stand-alone or in combination: electrostatic precipitator
(ESP), wet and dry scrubbing, activated carbon filters for dioxins and COMPLETE AIR
furans absorption etc.
TREATMENT
PROCESS

TECHNOLOGIES
WATPACK PACKED BED SCRUBBER
Packed scrubbers are very efficient for atmospheric pollution control.
These scrubbers allow to increase the liquid-gas contact and obtain a better component mass transfer.
Acid/alkaline gases can be absorbed by our vertical counter flow WATPACK packed scrubber using the corresponding reagent.

Advantages
High pollutant mass transfer
Low pressure drop
High rangeability
Possible use of a variety of reagents (NaOH, H2O2)
Reduction or absence of bleed depending on the reagent used in the system
Low maintenance
During SO2 abatement, air can be injected into the bottom of the recirculation tank as to oxidize sulfites into sulfates.
For all the applications, operating parameters are analysed and proper processes recommended while fulfilling legal obligations
based on following criteria: flow rate, nature of pollutant, temperature, concentration, emission regulations, space available,
references, pressure drop, MOC,budget

Particular application : Regenerative flue gas desulfurization using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with sulfuric acid
(H2SO4) production
The absorption of SO2 using hydrogen peroxide is a simple method to remove SO2 from effluent gases. The reaction between
SO2 and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can be simplified as follows:

SO2 + H2O2 -> H2SO4

The main advantage of this scrubber system is avoiding liquid waste because the H2SO4 produced in the scrubber system can be
reused in the production process resulting into a zero waste treatment unit.

16
CASE: WATPACK ADISSEO Burgos
ADISSEO, a subsidiary of the BLUESTAR International group, is a worldwide expert in animal
nutrition, combining the excellence and quality of its know-how in a complete line of additives
and services.
At the Burgos site, ADISSEO equipped 2 existing thermal oxidizers of sulfurous compounds with
a new flue gas treatment. WATERLEAU supplied :
One quench tower to cool down hot gases
One WATPACK vertical scrubber using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as to produce
sulfuric acid (H2SO4) from SO2 and reusable in the ADISSEO process, avoiding liquid waste.
CASE: DynaWave INDAVER ANTWERP
Indaver offers high-quality and sustainable waste management solutions for industrial
businesses and public authorities. Indaver recycles and treats both domestic and industrial
waste and also provides advice on how to prevent waste as an integral part of their service.
At the site in Antwerp, Indaver built a new installation for the incineration of hospital and
hazardous solid and liquid waste. The main part of the solid waste is medical waste.
Waterleau supplied a rotary kiln furnace with a continuous ash extraction system and a
recovery heat steam boiler.
Waterleau also supplied the advanced flue gas treatment to meet emission regulations.
This flue gas treatment is composed of :
One electrostatic precipitator (ESP) as dust separation step
Two DynaWave scrubbers using CaCO3 as reagent to cool down the gas and absorb
acid gases and heavy metals
Four activated carbon fixed beds to absorb dioxins/furans
DynaWave* REVERSE JET SCRUBBER
In the industrial dust removal section, the performance and reliability of the DynaWave* Reverse Jet Scrubber (cfr. p.10) as a
solution for the dust abatement and cooling of large airflows were introduced. The DynaWave* technology also allows the use
of variety of reagents to absorb gaseous pollutants as CaCO3, Ca(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, ZnS, ...

Particular application : Flue gas desulfurization using limestone (CaCO3) with gypsum production
The absorption of SO2 with limestone slurry is a simple and economic method to remove SO2 from effluent gases.
The reaction between SO2 and limestone slurry (CaCO3) can be simplified as follows:

SO2 + CaCO3 + 1/2 H2O -> CaSO3* 1/2 H2O + CO2

To minimize the scaling and to enhance the filterability of the solution, the calcium sulphite must be further oxidized to calcium
sulphate.
CaSO3* 1/2 H2O + 1/2 O2 + 3/2 H2O -> CaSO4 * 2 H2O

Air is injected into the sump of the DynaWave* scrubber to complete the oxidation of the sulphite to sulphate.
After the sulphite oxidation, a blowdown stream is withdrawn from the vessel and sent to filtration as to recuperate gypsum.

REITHER & BAYER-REITHER** VENTURI SCRUBBER

Venturi scrubbers (cfr. p.11) are particularly effective at removing particles from 0.3 to 50 m with very high efficiencies. New
technology in venturi scrubbing of air particulates, aerosols and gases achieves removal efficiencies up to 99% on particles and
aerosols down to 0.3 m. At the sub-micron zone, the principle of venturi scrubbing forces the contact of the particle with fine
water droplets.
The REITHER venturi scrubber is designed for efficient separation of the finest dust aerosols. It is equipped with an adjustable
throat cross section which maintains a constant pressure drop across the throat and allowing a constant separation efficiency,
independent of any flow rate fluctuation.
Developed in association with Bayer, the BAYER-REITHER** venturi scrubber includes Hybrid nozzles which lead to dust pre-
agglomeration. In the Hybrid nozzle the scrubbing liquid is atomized by compressed air, whereby a pulsation of ejection of
drops is produced by installed resonance chambers. This scrubber achieves very high efficiency separation of sub-micron dusts
with a low pressure drop. The design allows it also to be used as a gas absorber.

Applications
Chemical manufacturing (incineration/boiler)
Pharmaceutical plant (incineration)
Pesticides plant
Electronics industry
Nuclear industry

Advantages
Simple and compact design
Extremely high turndown
Cost effective
High collection efficiency on superfine dusts and aerosols with
low pressure drop
Controllable on different flow patterns, dust loads, etc
Simultaneous absorption of gaseous pollutants possible
Adjustable venturi throat manual or automatic
Handles high inlet gas temperatures
Non-clogging
High rangeability

* DynaWave is a trademark of MECS-DuPont France - Nuclear industry

** Venturi Scrubber System BAYER-REITHER is a registered trademark of Bayer, Germany REITHER venturi scrubber

19
 MIST PARTICLE AND AEROSOL REMOVAL
In processes involving contact between liquid and flowing gas, tiny mist droplets as well as ultra fine liquid particles called
aerosols are carried away with the gas. Mist elimination or demisting can be defined as the mechanical separation of liquids
from gases. Demisters or mist eliminators are specially designed to provide a large surface area in a small volume to collect these
liquid droplets without substantially impeding gas flow.

Small mist particles are an inevitable product of many manufacturing processes. Within a process, these particles can cause
problems such as corrosion of equipment, contamination of product, fouling of heat exchangers, and damage to instruments.
When released to the atmosphere, these mist particles can cause violations of air pollution emission standards or opacity
regulations.

Mist can be formed in manufacturing processes in three different ways : Advantages

Mechanical forces may break up or atomize a liquid to form a mist Modular systems
Cooling of a gas stream may result in the condensation of vapor to form a mist Demister
Chemical reaction of two or more gases may take place at temperatures and Pollutant removal
pressures where the reaction products are mists Dedusting
Low Pressure drop
Mechanical forces typically create mists with large particles while particles formed by High-fouling applications
condensation and chemical reactions are usually small (submicron). Avoid maintenance problems
High liquid loading
Waterleau is the European distributor for KIMRETM mist eliminators with brand Excellent operational
names KIMRETM B-GON or KIMRETM KON-TANE as well as the French distributor references
for BRINK Fiber bed Mist Eliminators. For fertilizer application, Waterleau has
developed WATMESH demisters composed of metalwire mesh with different bone
crimp layers, especially manufactured for Waterleau.

TECHNOLOGIES
BRINK* FIBER BED MIST ELIMINATORS
BRINK* incorporates a special wound fiber, computer controlled quality, and a patented bi-component
design. They provide a high efficiency removal of aerosols from gas streams where they coalesce the liquid
particles collected on the individual micro fibers to form liquid films which are moved through the bed by
the gas flow, then drained off the downstream face of the bed by gravity. They excel at collecting the very-
difficult-to-remove, submicron-size mist particles that cause visible emissions.
Collection efficiencies on sub-micron particles can be designed to exceed 99.5%.

Clean gas
out

Mist laden
gas

Liquid drain

BRINK fiber bed mist eliminators

* BRINK is a registered trademark of MECS-DuPont

20
KIMRETM* MIST ELIMINATORS
KIMRETM mist eliminators consisting of a uniquely interlaced structure of a monofilament
material, are produced in a variety of thermoplastic filament material which allows continuous
service from -15C to 204C and process corrosion resistance. Various style and layers can be
combined into single pad as to meet requested efficiency.

For more than 40 years Kimre Inc. has developed different types of B-GON and KON-TANE pads with their own geometrical
texture and efficiency depending on particles and droplet sizes. The requested efficiency depends on the combination of
different pad sizes as well as fiber diameter.

147C ETFE-Tefzel

204C PFA-Teflon

117C PVDF

117C HT.PP

99C PP

KIMRETM composite pad mist eliminators: A modular system with layer specific performances.

WATMESH MIST ELIMINATORS

Our proprietary WATMESH mist eliminators consist of co-knitted multiple layers with metal wire mesh having different bone-
crimp. They come in multiple zones each with a specific surface and density and are especially designed for fertilizer application
using an elaborated spray system.

The WATMESH type 1996 consists of multiple zones each with a specific surface area and density. This unique mesh
build-up ensures an improved drainage and is especially designed for use in Urea applications.
The WATMESH pad type 2007 consists of multiple zones each with a specific surface area and density. This unique mesh
build-up ensures an improved drainage resulting in an increased capacity compared to a traditional single-zone mesh
pad and is therefore often applied in case of space constraints, e.g. retrofits. It is the high capacity equivalent of type
351U and has a slightly elevated pressure drop and high removal efficiency.
The WATMESH pad type 2014 consists of a bottom metal mesh drainage zone and a co-knit high-efficient top zone
consisting of metal wires and PTFE fibers. The PTFE fibers are added to increase the surface area which boosts the
removal efficiency.

100%

90%

LAYER 3 80%

70%

LAYER 2 GASFLOW 60%

50%

LAYER 1 40%

30%

20%
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

WATMESH type 1996, 2007 and 2014 mist eliminator and type efficiencies

21
 VOC TREATMENT + ODOUR CONTROL
VOC TREATMENT
VOCs and, in particular, solvents, constitute one of the primary elements of air pollution in the industry.
These compounds are used for their capacity to evaporate after utilizing them, amongst others, for cleaning purposes, mixing
purposes and pigment applications.
Depending on the VOC concentration and recovery cost, VOC can be recuperated when the VOC has a significant reclaim value.
When, for economic reasons, VOC concentration does not justify recovery, VOC can be destroyed using biological, thermal or
chemical destruction systems.
Waterleaus BIOWAVE, BIOTON and BELAIR VOC destruction technology makes uses of biological oxidation processes where
VOCs are degraded by micro-organisms using the VOC as carbon and energy source.

ODOUR CONTROL
Biological oxidation processes are also used to treat unpleasant odours
coming from wastewater treatment plants, composting, platforms, meat
rendering or fish meal plants. These odours may disturb the surroundings
of a site, even if the concentrations in the ambient are minimal. This is the ELIMINATING
case with polluted air containing nitrogen or sulphur-based compounds
as mercaptans, amines, hydrogen sulphur, ammonia, aldehydes, ketones, CAUSES OF
acrylates and organic acids.
DISCOMFORT
Because of relatively low operating costs compared to other abatement
technologies, biofiltration often offers the most economical solution.

Voc/odour control

recovery destruction

thermal oxidation biological oxidation physico - chemical treatment

bioscrubber biofilter biotrickling

BIOWAVE WATPACK BIOTON BELAIR

22
TECHNOLOGIES VOC TREATMENT + ODOUR CONTROL
BIOTON BIOFILTER
BIOTON biofilter is Waterleaus proprietary biofilter, acquired from MECS-DuPont. Before entering the biofilter compartment,
the off gas is led to a humidifier in order to cool off the gas and in order to remove dust particulates and contaminants. Due
to intensive contact between the air and the BIOTON filtration media in the biofilter compartment, the VOC and inorganic
compounds will be absorbed in the biofilm where the biological oxidation into harmless end products will proceed (H2O, CO2,
and new bacteria).

BELAIR BIOFILTER with BIOWACK biofilter material

The contaminated gases are passed through a BIOWACK material that has a water phase in which the micro-organisms are
immobilized. Typically, the BIOWACK material consists of organic material, containing difficult to degrade components such
as cellulose and lignin, accompanied by a large amount of cell matter, dead and alive. This provides a source of nutrients for
the micro-organisms, as well as serving as a matrix to support the water phase. Ideally, to minimize power consumption, the
filter material should have a low resistance to gas flow. The BIOWACK has a high capacity to retain water without becoming
saturated, a low bulk density, structural integrity, a capacity to buffer acidification of the filter material and the ability to buffer
peak concentrations of contaminants. The water phase, which is stationary, is formed by water absorbed in the BIOWACK
material. Equally importantly, the material should not be expensive as it often has to be used in large quantities.

Heat
Pollutants
+ O2 Extra products + CO2
(carbon & energy source)
Cellular development

Advantages
Relatively low capital cost
Very low operating cost
High VOC and odour destruction
Environment friendly technology no chemicals or supplemental fuels required
Proven technology (>120 references)
High availability
Air outlet

Humidifier

BIOWACK
WATMESH
biofilter
material
Humidifier
Air inlet

Fan BELAIR biofilter

Water recirculation
Water supply

SATURATION STAGE BIOABSORPTION STAGE

23
The Netherlands - Cosmetics industry France - Cosmetic industry
BELAIR biofilter TURBULAIRE + BELAIR VOC removal

Belgium - Painting industry France - Plastics processing

BELAIR biofilter BELAIR biofilter

France - Cosmetic industry France - Composting

BELAIR biofilter BELAIR biofilter

4 TYPES OF BIOFILTER CONSTRUCTIONS:

CONCRETE - CONTAINER - SEMI-BURIED - WOOD

24
WATPACK
The WATPACK packed bed scrubber is used for the absorption of nitrogen- and sulphur-based compounds in a vertical counter-
current flow packed bed using combined WATPACK absorption packing and WATMESH demister technology.

Advantages Biofilter Applications

Relatively low capital cost Municipal wastewater treatment

Low operating cost Waste handling
Proven technology (>120 references) Composting
High availability Tobacco
Solvent users
Pet food processing
Oilseed processing
Cannery plants
Rendering

France - Municipal wastewater treatment

WATPACK odour treatment

Morocco - Municipal wastewater treatment Mauritius - Food industry

WATPACK odour treatment WATPACK odour treatment

25
 BIOGAS TREATMENT
BELGAS
Desulphurization of biogas will increase life duration of combustion engines. Waterleau has developed a simple, flexible,
reliable and high-capacity technology for the desulphurization of extraction and biogas. The BELGAS scrubber technology uses
activated sludge as a washing liquid available from the aerobic wastewater treatment. The BELGAS scrubber design reduces
the amount of H2S in gasses to levels below 500ppm. The robust BELGAS scrubber technology is safe, smart and efficient, while
low in operation and maintenance costs.

Compared to low pH fixed bed reactors and high pH caustic scrubbers, the BELGAS scrubber has multiple advantages:

Advantages
Outlet (bio)gas with low H2S
pH neutral values
No H2SO4 accumulation
No scaling Washing liquid from bio flash
No slurry production aeration tank
Compact footprint
No chemicals required
Low maintenance Packing material
Low CAPEX and OPEX
Inlet (bio)gas
with high H2S
Final effluent

CASE STUDY- CARGILL MAINZ: EXTRACTION GAS

In an agro industry plant located
in Mainz Germany, a rape seed KEY DATA CARGILL MAINZ
crushing and extration facility of
Capacity 150 m/h
an oil pressing plant makes use of
Waterleaus stand-alone BELGAS H2S removal > 99,5 %
technology for S and odour removal Organic sulphur
from extraction gases. Washing 73%
compounds removal
liquid from the dedicated Bio-Flash
Di-methyl sulfide
Aeration Tank is therefore available 58%
removal
24/7. The BELGAS scrubber has
proven to be an excellent solution
for desulphurisation. A 4-stage
BELGAS scrubber with a capacity
of 150 m/h removes up to 2,5 kg Scrubber
S/h from the extraction gases. The Holding tank
BELGAS scrubber has high removal
efficiencies for hydrogen sulfide Steel structure
and organic sulphur compounds.
Bio Flash
Aeration
Tank

INLET OUTLET
20.000 - 30.000 ppm H2S < 50 ppm H2S
2,500 g H2S/h < 20 g H2S/h

26
 SOME OF OUR REFERENCES

Enriching lives through innovation

27
 WATERLEAU FRANCE HAS OVER
45 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IN ALL
FIELDS OF AIR TREATMENT AND
MORE THAN 500 REFERENCES
IN ALL INDUSTRIES Previously

SOCREMATIC

DESIGN PROTECTING THE 4 ELEMENTS

ENGINEERING
CONSTRUCTION
OPERATION
MAINTENANCE
We all have the responsibility to handle our natural resources in a
careful and sustainable way. Waterleau develops environmental
technologies and offers sustainable solutions for water, air and waste
treatment, as well as for energy recovery. As an EPC contractor and
operator, Waterleau counts more than 1000 references for municipal
and industrial clients around the world.

21 Avenue des Gros Chevaux, ZI du Vert Galant

BP 77008 Saint Ouen LAumne, France 95050 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex
t. +33 1 34 35 11 50 - f. +33 1 34 35 11 51
waterleau.france@waterleau.com - www.waterleau.com