Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 179 views

    3 Heat Calc

    Uploaded by

    NITIN

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    3 Heat Calc

    Uploaded by

    NITIN
    179 views7 pages

    Original Title

    3HeatCalc.xls

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    XLS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as xls, pdf, or txt
    179 views7 pages

    3 Heat Calc

    Uploaded by

    NITIN

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as xls, pdf, or txt
    of 7
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The document discusses the properties and composition of natural gas as well as how its heat of combustion varies with temperature. It also provides the heat of combustion values in different units.

    The main components of natural gas are methane, ethane, propane, butanes and hydrogen with methane making up the vast majority at 94.1% by volume.

    The heat of combustion of natural gas becomes more negative as temperature increases, meaning it requires more energy to fully combust the gas at higher temperatures.

    Note: text box appearance may vary with different Windows and Excel versions.

    HeatCalc is a
    Thermart Software
    HeatCalc
    program. 2012
    by Arthur E. Morris.
    www.thermart.net
    A Natural Gas Heat of Combustion Calculat
    Calculations based on combustion of 1 gram-mole of natural gas.
    SI Units
    pressure: atm or bar
    volume: m3
    Nat Gas Heat of C
    amount: g-mol Offgas
    Na
    Burner CO2, H2O, N2
    mass: g or kg Oxidant
    energy: kJ

    Enter/Edit values in blue-bordered cells only!

    Natural Gas Properties


    Species Mol. mass Vol % Mass % Mass, g DHcomb
    Methane CH4 16.04 94.10% 87.76% 15.10 -754.99
    Ethene C2H4 28.05 0.50% 0.82% 0.14 -6.62
    Ethane C2H6 30.07 1.60% 2.80% 0.48 -22.84
    Propane C3H8 44.10 0.90% 2.31% 0.40 -18.40
    Butanes & higher C4H10 + 58.12 0.50% 1.69% 0.29 -13.28
    Hydrogen H2 2.02 0.20% 0.023% 0.004 -0.48
    Carbon monoxide CO 28.01 0.10% 0.16% 0.03 -0.28
    Carbon dioxide CO2 44.01 1.10% 2.81% 0.48 0.00
    Nitrogen (by diff.) N2 28.01 1.00% 1.63% 0.28 0.00

    Molecular mass of NG 17.20 DHcomb, kJ/g-mol NG -816.90

    moles mass
    CO2 produced by combustion 1.031 28.88
    H2O produced by combustion 2.003 36.09
    O2 required for combustion 2.033 65.04

    Table I. Molar DHformation at 25 C Table II. Molar DHreax at 25 C


    kJ/g-mol Reaction to form H2O(g)
    CH4 -74.81 2O2 + CH4 CO2 + 2H2O(g)
    C2H4 52.47 3O2 + C2H4 2CO2 + 2H2O(g)
    C2H6 -84.68 3O2 + C2H6 2CO2 + 3H2O(g)
    NG constituents C3H8 -103.85 5O2 + C3H8 3CO2 + 4H2O(g)
    C4H10 -126.15 6O2 + C4H10 4CO2 + 5H2O(g)
    H2 0.00 O2 + H2 H2O(g)
    CO -110.53 O2 + CO CO2
    CO2 -393.51 Reaction to condense water vapor
    Combustion products H2O(g) -241.81 H2O(g) H2O(liq)
    H2O(liq) -285.83
    HeatCalc Operation
    The heat of combustion of natural gas is calculated at 298.15 K in SI units,
    stion Calculator to eleven other units. Data in Tables I and II are from the FREED database. C
    for one gram-mol of natural gas burned completely to CO2 and H2O. Cells H35
    -mole of natural gas. the oxygen required for stoichiometric combustion of 1 gram-mol of NG.
    The calculator contains a sample system. Changing any blue-bordered cel
    result in recalculation of all other dependent values. The molar DHcomb is calcu
    Heat of Combustion of H2O(g) as a combustion product and posted in cell I30. The Lower Heating Val
    Natural Gas obtained by changing the sign of the DHcomb and posting this value to cell K15.
    other units are calculated in column K by using conversion factors.
    LHV HHV Units The Higher Heating Value (HHV) is calculated in cell L15 by taking into acco
    816.90 905.07 kJ/g-mol condensation of water vapor (cell K48). Values for other units are calculated in
    195.24 216.32 kcal/g-mol using conversion factors.
    351,438 389,370 Btu/lb-mol The non-SI energy units are thermochemical in nature. 1 kcalth is equal to 4
    47,489 52,615 kJ/kg Btuth is equal to 1054.35 J. The definition of STP for standard volumes is listed
    11,350 12,575 kcal/kg boxes near cell N24. For SI, the standard temperature is 0 C.
    Worksheet HofReax vsT examines the variability of DHcomb with temperatu
    20,430 22,636 Btu/lb
    13.19 14.62 kwh/kg
    36,446 40,380 kJ/scm
    Pstd = 1 atm
    8,711 9,651 kcal/scm References
    35,969 39,852 kJ/scm 1. Wikipedia contributors, "Heat of combustion", "Standar
    Pstd = 1 bar
    8,597 9,525 kcal/scm 2. Fact-Web programs, http://www.crct.polymtl.ca/factweb
    926.10 1026.1 Btu/scf STP = 1 atm & 60 F 3. NIST Chemistry WebBook, http://webbook.nist.gov/che
    4. Thermart Software, http://www.thermart.net/
    Element Balance
    moles mass
    C 1.042 12.514
    H 4.006 4.038
    O 0.023 0.368
    N 0.02 0.280

    reax at 25 C
    kJ/g-mol
    -802.33
    -1323.1
    -1427.8
    -2043.9
    -2657.0
    -241.81
    -282.98
    -44.02
    lated at 298.15 K in SI units, and converted
    om the FREED database. Calculations are
    y to CO2 and H2O. Cells H35:H36 display
    of 1 gram-mol of NG.
    anging any blue-bordered cell value will
    s. The molar DHcomb is calculated for
    l I30. The Lower Heating Value (LHV) is
    posting this value to cell K15. Values for
    nversion factors.
    n cell L15 by taking into account the heat of
    r other units are calculated in column L by

    nature. 1 kcalth is equal to 4.814 J, while 1


    or standard volumes is listed in the text
    ature is 0 C.
    ity of DHcomb with temperature.

    "Heat of combustion", "Standard enthalpy of formation", Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, July 2012, http://
    ttp://www.crct.polymtl.ca/factweb.php. Use Reaction-Web.
    ook, http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/
    p://www.thermart.net/
    Heat of Combustion vs. Temperature

    WordPad Document
    Please read Data: Heat of Formation, J/g-mol

    T (K) 300 320 340 360 380 400


    CH4 -74,865 -75,474 -76,089 -76,704 -77,314 -77,917
    C2H4 52,408 51,773 51,144 50,525 49,917 49,323
    C2H6 -84,777 -85,788 -86,784 -87,759 -88,712 -89,640
    C3H8 -103,970 -105,296 -106,590 -107,848 -109,067 -110,246
    C4H10 -126,317 -127,845 -129,354 -130,838 -132,292 -133,713
    H2O(g) -241,831 -242,032 -242,234 -242,436 -242,639 -242,841
    CO2 -393,509 -393,523 -393,538 -393,552 -393,568 -393,585
    H2O(liq) -285,773 -284,509 -283,239 -281,937 -280,574 -279,097

    Calculations: Molar DHCombustion, kJ/g-mol at different temperatures.


    Reaction to form H2O(g)
    temp, K 298.15 300 320 340
    2O2 + CH4 CO2 + 2H2O(g) -802.33 -802.31 -802.11 -801.92
    3O2 + C2H4 2CO2 + 2H2O(g) -1323.1 -1323.1 -1322.9 -1322.7
    3O2 + C2H6 2CO2 + 3H2O(g) -1427.78 -1427.7 -1427.4 -1427.0
    5O2 + C3H8 3CO2 + 4H2O(g) -2043.94 -2043.9 -2043.4 -2043.0
    6O2 + C4H10 4CO2 + 5H2O(g) -2656.96 -2656.9 -2656.4 -2656.0
    O2 + H2 H2O(g) -241.81 -241.83 -242.03 -242.23

    Reaction to condense water vapor


    H2O(g) H2O(liq) -44.02 -43.94 -42.48 -41.01
    360 380 400
    -801.72 -801.53 -801.35
    -1322.5 -1322.3 -1322.2
    -1426.7 -1426.3 -1426.1
    -2042.6 -2042.2 -2041.9
    -2655.6 -2655.2 -2654.8
    -242.44 -242.64 -242.84

    -39.50 -37.93 -36.26

    You might also like