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    R - Combine Values Into A Vector or List

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    loshude
    The c() function combines its arguments into a vector or list. It coerces arguments to a common type and removes all attributes except names. The default method combines arguments into a vector, while recursive=TRUE will combine list elements recursively. The output type is determined by the types of the input elements.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    R - Combine Values Into A Vector or List

    Uploaded by

    loshude
    78 views2 pages
    The c() function combines its arguments into a vector or list. It coerces arguments to a common type and removes all attributes except names. The default method combines arguments into a vector, while recursive=TRUE will combine list elements recursively. The output type is determined by the types of the input elements.

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    R_ Combine Values Into a Vector or List

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    R_ Combine Values Into a Vector or List

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    The c() function combines its arguments into a vector or list. It coerces arguments to a common type and removes all attributes except names. The default method combines arguments into a vector, while recursive=TRUE will combine list elements recursively. The output type is determined by the types of the input elements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    78 views2 pages

    R - Combine Values Into A Vector or List

    Uploaded by

    loshude
    The c() function combines its arguments into a vector or list. It coerces arguments to a common type and removes all attributes except names. The default method combines arguments into a vector, while recursive=TRUE will combine list elements recursively. The output type is determined by the types of the input elements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    R: Combine Values into a Vector or List http://127.0.0.1:28599/library/base/html/c.

    html

    c {base} R Documentation

    Combine Values into a Vector or List

    Description

    This is a generic function which combines its arguments.

    The default method combines its arguments to form a vector. All arguments are coerced to a
    common type which is the type of the returned value, and all attributes except names are removed.

    Usage

    ## S3 Generic function
    c(...)

    ## Default S3 method:
    c(..., recursive = FALSE, use.names = TRUE)

    Arguments

    ...
    objects to be concatenated.

    recursive
    logical. If recursive = TRUE, the function recursively descends through lists (and
    pairlists) combining all their elements into a vector.

    use.names
    logical indicating if names should be preserved.

    Details

    The output type is determined from the highest type of the components in the hierarchy NULL <
    raw < logical < integer < double < complex < character < list < expression. Pairlists are treated as
    lists, whereas non-vector components (such names and calls) are treated as one-element lists which
    cannot be unlisted even if recursive = TRUE.

    Note that factors are treated only via their internal integer codes; one proposal has been to use

    c.factor <- function(..., recursive=TRUE) unlist(list(...), recursive=recursive)

    if factor concatenation by c() should give a factor.

    c is sometimes used for its side effect of removing attributes except names, for example to turn an
    array into a vector. as.vector is a more intuitive way to do this, but also drops names. Note that
    methods other than the default are not required to do this (and they will almost certainly preserve a
    class attribute).

    This is a primitive function.

    Value

    1 of 2 18/Sep/2017, 10:50 PM
    R: Combine Values into a Vector or List http://127.0.0.1:28599/library/base/html/c.html

    NULL or an expression or a vector of an appropriate mode. (With no arguments the value is NULL.)

    S4 methods

    This function is S4 generic, but with argument list (x, ...).

    References

    Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) The New S Language. Wadsworth &
    Brooks/Cole.

    See Also

    unlist and as.vector to produce attribute-free vectors.

    Examples

    c(1,7:9)
    c(1:5, 10.5, "next")

    ## uses with a single argument to drop attributes


    x <- 1:4
    names(x) <- letters[1:4]
    x
    c(x) # has names
    as.vector(x) # no names
    dim(x) <- c(2,2)
    x
    c(x)
    as.vector(x)

    ## append to a list:
    ll <- list(A = 1, c = "C")
    ## do *not* use
    c(ll, d = 1:3) # which is == c(ll, as.list(c(d = 1:3))
    ## but rather
    c(ll, d = list(1:3)) # c() combining two lists

    c(list(A = c(B = 1)), recursive = TRUE)

    c(options(), recursive = TRUE)


    c(list(A = c(B = 1, C = 2), B = c(E = 7)), recursive = TRUE)

    [Package base version 3.4.1 Index]

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