Synchronous Sequential Circuit Problems: Problem # 1

Synchronous Sequential Circuit Problems
Problem # 1: Two positive edge-triggered D flip-flops are connected as shown in the figure.
Both flip-flops are initialized to 0 at the beginning. Fill in the timing diagram for the two
outputs Q1 and Q0.
Problem # 2: Use as many as necessary of the following counter with minimal external gates
to design a counter that counts from 0 to 20.
Synchronous Sequential Circuit Problems
Question 1
Draw the Mealy state diagram and state table for a serial even parity checker. The
circuit receives a word of 4-bits serially on its single input X and produces the even
parity bit after the fourth bit is received. The single output Z remains 0 except when
the final (fourth) bit is received and the total number of 1s in the word is odd. The
machine returns to the reset initial state after the 4th input bit. Using the state
assignment heuristics, indicate a possible good state assignment (show all your work).
Question 2
A +ive edge triggered D-FF has a setup time of 2 ns and a hold time of 3 ns. If the
waveforms shown below are applied to this FF, circle the timing violations and label
them with the letters S or H depending on whether the violations are setup or hold
time violations.
CLK
1
8 2 7 9 2 2 5 2 9 2 3
A level sensitive D-latch has a setup time of 3 ns and a hold time of 2 ns. If the
waveforms shown below are applied to this FF, draw the output waveform (Q) and mark
the timing constraints you would place on the D-input to satisfy the minimum setup &
hold times. Assume that the initial FF-state is Q = 1.
CLK
D
Question 3
a) Write the excitation tables of the D and the JK Ffs
b) Design the synchronous sequential circuit whose state transition table is shown
below. Use a D-FF to implement y0 and a JK-FF to implement y1.
PS NS , out
y1 y0 Y1 Y0 , Z
x=0 x=1
0 0 01,0 01,0
0 1 11,0 00,1
1 1 01,0 10,0
1 0 11,0 01,1
Question 4
Draw the state diagram of the Moore machine which has 2 inputs (X1, X2) and one
output Z. The output of the machine is determined by the following:
Z does not change its value if X1 X2 = 00

Z becomes 1 if X1 X2 = 01
Z becomes 0 if X1 X2 = 10
Z change its value if two consecutive 11 are received at the inputs X1X2
The reset input initializes the machine to a 0 output.
Question 5 PS NS Y1, Y2 Output
The state transition table of state y1 y0 x=0 x=1 (Z)
machine with a single input x and a 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
single output Z is shown below. 0 1 1 0 1 1 1
Draw the present state variables the 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
next state variables, and the output 1 0 0 1 1 1 1
Z for the shown input waveform x.
CLK
y0
y1
Y0
Y1
Z
Question 6
Draw the Mealy state diagram and state table for a serial even parity checker. The
circuit receives a word of 4-bits serially on its single input X and produces the even
parity bit after the fourth bit is received. The single output Z remains 0 except when
the final (fourth) bit is received and the total number of 1s in the word is odd. The
machine returns to the reset initial state after the 4th input bit. Using the state
assignment heuristics, indicate a possible good state assignment (show all your work).
Question 7
A synchronous sequential circuit has two inputs X1X2 representing a binary number, N. If
the present value of N is greater than the previous value, then the two output bits Z1Z2
=10. If the present value of N is less than the previous value then the output Z1Z2 =01,
otherwise Z1Z2 =00.
Derive the Mealy state diagram (Hint: The machine needs only five states).
Derive the Moore state diagram (Hint: The machine needs at least 11 states).
Question 8
Derive the state table and state diagram of the synchronous sequential circuit shown
(X is an input to the circuit). Explain the circuit function.
SET
A D Q A
CLR
Q
X
B SET
D Q B
CLR
Q
A
CLK
Question 9
An up-down mod-4 binary counter has a single input x, such that the it counts up if
x=0 and counts down if x=1:
Draw the Mealy state diagram of the circuit.
Draw the state Moore diagram of the circuit.
Implement both circuits using negative-edge triggered D-FFs.
For the shown input waveforms, draw the present state variables, the output
variables and next state variables (D-inputs of the FFs) in both
implementations (Mealy & Moore). Assume zero propagation delay and an
initial count of 00
How the two sets of waveforms are different ? Explain.
CLK

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Synchronous Sequential Circuit Problems

Z does not change its value if X1 X2 = 00

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