D V SWATHI , et al , International Journal of Research Sciences and Advanced Engineering [IJRSAE]TM

Volume 2 , Issue 8, PP: 250 - 255 , OCT -DEC -2014.

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF PRE-ENGINEERED STEEL

FRAME
D V SWATHI 1*

1. II.M.E , Dept of Civil, Pydah College of Engg.

Abstract:- Long Span, Column free structures are the most essential in any type of industrial structures and Pre
Engineered Buildings (PEB) fulfills this requirement along with reduced time and cost as compared to
conventional structures. The present work involves the analysis and design of Pre Engineered Buildings (PEB).
Examples have been taken for the study. Wind analysis has been done manually as per IS 875 (Part III) 1987.
.

Keywords:- Pre-Engineered-Buildings; Staad Pro ; Steel Take-off; Tapered Sections.

Typical PEB Steel structure

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Vol.2 (8) , ISSN: 2319 6106 , OCT DEC 2014.

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D V SWATHI , et al , International Journal of Research Sciences and Advanced Engineering [IJRSAE]TM

Volume 2 , Issue 8, PP: 250 - 255 , OCT -DEC -2014.

I.INTRODUCTION designing, then transported to the site in
completely knocked down (CKD) condition and all
components are assembled and erected with nut-
Steel industry is growing rapidly in almost
bolts, thereby reducing the time of completion.
all the parts of the world. The use of steel structures
is not only economical but also Eco-friendly at the
time when there is a threat of global warming. Advantages of PEB
Here, economical word is stated considering time
and cost. Time being the most important aspect, Following are some of the advantages Pre-
steel structures (Pre-fabricated) is built in very engineered building structures
short period and one such example is Pre
Engineered Buildings (PEB). Pre-engineered a) Construction Time: Buildings are
buildings are nothing but steel buildings in which generally constructed in just 6 to 8 weeks
excess steel is avoided by tapering the sections as after approval of drawings. PEB will thus
per the bending moments requirement. One may reduce total construction time of the
think about its possibility, but its a fact many project by at least 40%. This allows faster
people are not aware about Pre Engineered occupancy and earlier realization of
Buildings. If we go for regular steel structures, time revenue.
frame will be more, and also cost will be more, and This is one of the main advantages of using Pre-
both together i.e. time and cost, makes it engineered building.
uneconomical. Thus in pre-engineered buildings, b) Lower Cost: Because of systems
the total design is done in the factory, and as per approach, considerable saving is achieved
the design, members are pre-fabricated and then in design, manufacturing and erection
transported to the site where they are erected in a cost.
time less than 6 to 8 weeks. c) Flexibility of Expansion: As discussed
The structural performance of these earlier, these can be easily expanded in
buildings is well understood and, for the most part, length by adding additional bays. Also
adequate code provisions are currently in place to expansion in width and height is possible
by pre designing for future expansion.
ensure satisfactory behaviour in high winds. Steel
structures also have much better strength-to-weight d) Large Clear Spans: Buildings can be
ratios than RCC and they also can be easily supplied to around 90m clear spans. This
is one of the most important advantages of
dismantled. Pre Engineered Buildings have bolted PEB giving column free space.
connections and hence can also be reused after
dismantling. Thus, pre-engineered buildings can be e) Quality Control: Buildings are
manufactured completely in the factory
shifted and/or expanded as per the requirements in under controlled conditions, and hence the
future. In this paper we will discuss the various quality can be assured.
advantages of pre-engineered buildings and also,
f) Low Maintenance: PEB Buildings have
with the help of three examples, a comparison will high quality paint systems for cladding
be made between pre-engineered buildings and and steel to suit ambient conditions at the
conventional steel structures. site, which in turn gives long durability
Pre Engineered Buildings and low maintenance coats.
g) Energy Efficient Roofing: Buildings are
Presently, large column free area is the supplied with polyurethane insulated
utmost requirement for any type of industry and panels or fiberglass blankets insulation to
with the advent of computer softwares it is now achieve required U values (overall heat
transfer coefficient).
easily possible. With the improvement in
technology, computer softwares have contributed h) Erection: Steel members are brought to
immensely to the enhancement of quality of life site in CKD conditions, thereby avoiding
through new researches. Pre-engineered building cutting and welding at site. As PEB
(PEB) is one of such revolution. "Pre-engineered sections are lighter in weight, the small
members can be very easily assembled,
buildings" are fully fabricated in the factory after

International Journal of Research Sciences and Advanced Engineering

Vol.2 (8) , ISSN: 2319 6106 , OCT DEC 2014.

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D V SWATHI , et al , International Journal of Research Sciences and Advanced Engineering [IJRSAE]TM

Volume 2 , Issue 8, PP: 250 - 255 , OCT -DEC -2014.

bolted and raised with the help of cranes. STAAD Pro software can be used for
This allows very fast construction and analyzing and designing of the pre-engineered
reduces wastage and labor requirement. buildings. It gives the Bending Moment, Axial
Forces, Shear Forces, Torsion, Beam Stresses of a
From the numerous advantages of Pre- steel structure so that the design can be done using
engineered building, in the present study, the point tapered sections and check for the safety.
b is considered for the study, i.e. to save the steel
and reducing cost. Static Analysis

II. Design Criteria

In the present work, using the Staad Pro
software. All the components of Pre-engineered
DESIGN METHOD: Allowable stress building are tapered using the in-built option of the
design method is used as per the INDIAN Software. The software provides options for
specifications. hinged, fixed, and spring supports with releases so
as to analyze as per our requirement. Herein this
DEFLECTIONS: Unless otherwise work, Pinned supports are assigned to the
specified, the deflections as per INDIAN structures. It also facilitates Linear, P-Delta
criteria and standard industry practices. Analysis, and Non-Linear Analysis with automatic
load. Multiple Analyses can also be done
PRIMARY FRAMING: Moment simultaneously which reduces the time. It also has
resisting frames with pinned or fixed an option of assigning members as tension-only
bases. members and compression-only members for truss
structures.
SECONDARY FRAMING: Cold
formed Z sections or C sections for Dynamic Analysis
purlins or girts designed as continuous
beams spanning over rafters and columns
with laps. Dynamic analysis has been done in the
present work taking wind loads into consideration.
LONGITUDANAL STABILITY: Wind The software provides automatic load generation
load on building end walls is transferred for wind forces, however, the wind loads are
through roof purlins to braced bays and calculated manually for the present work as per IS
carried to the foundations through codes. The software also provides Loading for
diagonal bracing. Joints, Members/Elements including concentrated,
Uniform, Linear, Trapezoidal, Temperature, Strain,
DESIGN SOFTWARE: The latest Support Displacement, Pre-stressed and Fixed - end
software that is used for design is STAAD Loads. It also provides the facility of Combination
2007& MBS Software. of Dynamic forces with Static loading for
subsequent design.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF PEB
EXAMPLE 1- INDUSTRIAL SHED
In this present work, Staad Pro software
has been used in order to analyze and design Pre- Statement of the Problem
engineered building structure. In the below
example, a 2D plane frame of length 50 m, width
38.1m and bay spacing 6.25 m has been designed In this Example a comparison of 2D Plane
and weight of steel is shown. Frame is made for both pre-engineered building
and conventional type. The plane frame is having
Structural Analysis and Design width 38.1 m and bay spacing 6.25 m and eave
height 8.2 m, subjected to wind load. A typical 2D
PEB frame is shown in Fig 1.

International Journal of Research Sciences and Advanced Engineering

Vol.2 (8) , ISSN: 2319 6106 , OCT DEC 2014.

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D V SWATHI , et al , International Journal of Research Sciences and Advanced Engineering [IJRSAE]TM

Volume 2 , Issue 8, PP: 250 - 255 , OCT -DEC -2014.

Calculation of Wind Loads:

Wind loads are calculated as per IS 875 Part III
(1987), in this example. For the Present work, the
basic wind speed (Vb) is assumed as 50 m/s and
the building is considered to be open terrain with
well scattered obstructions having height less than
10m with maximum dimension more than 50m and
accordingly factors K1, K2, K3 have been
calculated as per IS 875 Part III (1987).Terrain
Design Data- Category- 2, Class- C K1- Probability factor- 1.0
K2- Terrain, height and size factor- 0.93
Main Frame- K3- Topography factor- 1Design wind speed, Vz=
Frame Type - Clear Span, Rigid Frame. Vb (K1 x K2 x K3) Vz= 46.50 m/sDesign pressure,
Support- Pinned P= 0.6 Vz = 1.29 kN/m
Building Width (W) 38.10 m (C/C Steel Ratio- H/W=0.19, L/W= 0.98
Columns)
Building Length (L) 50m (C/C Steel Columns) **WIND LOADS
Bay Spacing- 6.25 @ 8 m
Clear height- 7.2 m *Wind Coefficient
Roof Slope- 1 in10 * 1 0.00 -0.95 1.40 0.45 -1.20 0.20
* 2 -1.64 -1.10 -0.24 0.30 -1.50 -0.10
Grits Type-
* 3 -1.10 -1.64 0.30 -0.24 -1.50 -0.10
Sidewall grits- Continuous
* 4 -0.95 0.00 0.45 1.40 -1.20 0.20
End wall grits- Continuous
*************************
LOAD 5 WL1
Purlin Type-
MEMBER LOAD
Roof Purlin- Continuous
6 8 10 12 UNI Y 13.29
Spacing- 1.5m c/c
7 9 11 13 UNI Y 8.92
3 4 UNI gX 7.7
Panel Type-
Roof- Galvanized sheet. Profile Length (m) Weight (t)
Tapered MembNo: 1 12.00 7.536
LOAD CALCULATIONS Tapered MembNo: 2 2.40 1.733
Tapered MembNo: 3 9.10 4.574
Calculation of static loads:
Dead loads are considered as per Table-2 Tapered MembNo: 4 8.30 5.310
of IS 875 (Part-1) 1987 Tapered MembNo: 5 24.00 13.188
Weight of the G.I sheeting = 0.05 kN/m2 Tapered MembNo: 6 5.99 4.476
(class 1 G.I sheeting, thickness 0.5 mm) *************************
Self-weight of section = 0.05 kN/m2 LOAD 6 WL2
Total weight = 0.10 kN/m2 MEMBER LOAD
Spacing of purlin = 1.5 m 1 2 UNI GX 11.35
Bay spacing = 6.25 m 6 8 10 12 UNI Y 1.95
Total weight on frame = 0.10 x 6.25 = 0.625 kN/m 7 9 11 13 UNI Y -2.43
3 4 UNI GX -3.65
Live load are considered as per Table-2 of IS 875 *************************
(Part-2) 1987 LOAD 7 WR1
Live load on the sloping roof = 0.75 kN/m2 MEMBER LOAD
Live load on rafter = 0.75 x 6.25 = 4.69 kN/m 7 9 11 13 UNI GY 13.29

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D V SWATHI , et al , International Journal of Research Sciences and Advanced Engineering [IJRSAE]TM

Volume 2 , Issue 8, PP: 250 - 255 , OCT -DEC -2014.

6 8 10 12 UNI Y 8.92
1 2 UNI GX -7.7 1.APPLICATIONS
************************* Industrial Buildings
LOAD 8 WR2
Warehouses
MEMBER LOAD
3 4 UNI GX -11.35 Commercial Complexes
7 9 11 13 UNI Y 1.95 Showrooms
6 8 10 12 UNI Y -2.43 Offices
1 2 UNI GX 3.65 Schools
*************************
LOAD 9 LW1 Indoor Stadiums
MEMBER LOAD Outdoor Stadiums with canopies
1 2 UNI GX -9.73 Gas Stations
6 8 10 12 UNI Y 12.16 Metro Stations, Bus Terminals,
7 9 11 13 UNI Y 12.16
Parking Lots
3 4 UNI GX 9.73
************************* Primary Health Centers, And many
LOAD 10 LW2 more
MEMBER LOAD CONCLUSION
1 2 UNI GX 1.62
6 8 10 12 UNI Y 0.81 Pre-engineered steel structures building
7 9 11 13 UNI Y 0.81 offers low cost, strength, durability, design
3 4 UNI GX -1.62 flexibility, adaptability and recyclability. Steel is
************************ the basic material that is used in the materials that
are used for Pre-engineered steel building. It
negates from regional sources. Infinitely recyclable,
Weight of the steel for the PEB with primary steel is the material that reflects the imperatives of
frame spacing 6.25 m sustainable development, Based on the analytical
and design results thereon of conventional and pre-
In order to calculate steel weight of PEB engineered steel buildings, the following
of primary frame spacing 6.25 m the following conclusions are drawn.
member properties are used (Table 8). For columns
and rafters Tapered I sections are assigned. For It is also seen that the weight of PEB
the purlins and girts cold formed Z sections are depends on the Bay Spacing, with the increase in
used. For bracings Indian standard angle sections Bay Spacing up to certain spacing, the weight
are used. Now using the above parameters the reduces and further increase makes the weight
lengths and weights are calculated accordingly. heavier.

Table 8 Steel take-off for the To Conclude Pre-Engineered Building

PEB with primary frame Construction gives the end users a much more
spacing 6.25 m economical and better solution for long span
otal = 36.818 structures where large column free areas are
needed.

REFERENCES

[1] IS 875 (part-1) Code of practice for

design loads (other than earthquake) for
Figure 4 Primary Frame showing Section building and structures,
Dead loads, New Delhi, 1987.

International Journal of Research Sciences and Advanced Engineering

Vol.2 (8) , ISSN: 2319 6106 , OCT DEC 2014.

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D V SWATHI , et al , International Journal of Research Sciences and Advanced Engineering [IJRSAE]TM

Volume 2 , Issue 8, PP: 250 - 255 , OCT -DEC -2014.

[2] IS 875 (part-2) Code of practice for [4] Jatin D.Thakar, P.G. Patel, Comparative
design loads (other than earthquake) for Study of Pre-Engineered Steel Structure
building and structures, by varying width of Structure,
Imposed loads, New Delhi, 1987. International Journal of Advanced
Engineering Technology, Volume IV,
[3] IS 875 (part-3) Code of practice for Issue III, sept
design loads (other than earthquake) for 2013, pp: 56-62.
building and structures,
Wind loads, New Delhi, 1987.

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