Comparative Dhammapada
Comparative Dhammapada
Comparative Dhammapada
of the
Dhammapada
nandajoti Bhikkhu
(2nd revised edition July, 2007 - 2551)
(two additional parallels: June 2011)
(additional parallel: September 2016)
ii
Table of Contents
Map.....iii
Preface.....iv
Acknowledgements.....v
Introduction.....vi
Preface
The present work gathers together all the Middle Indo-Aryan (MIA) parallels to the Pi
Dhammapada found in the surviving remains of the various Buddhist traditions, and
studies the principles underlying the way the collection has been organised and
assembled.
Part 1 of this book presents an abstract of the parallels to give a clear overview of how
the various versions relate to each other. There are detailed notes discussing such matters
as the titles of the chapters, the content and sequence of the verses, and the way the
material has been collected and organised.
Part 2 is the main portion of the book and contains the text of the Pi Dhammapada
itself, along with all the parallels that have been collected here. When presented in this
way the complex relationships between the various texts becomes evident.
There is also a complete Comparative Index to the Dhammapada verses presented here,
which acts as a kind of comparative vocabulary of the texts, showing the morphology of
the words in the various recensions of the verses.
Acknowledgements
This work was originally published on my website www.ancient-buddhist-texts.net in
2004. For the printed edition a new Introduction has been written; and the Studies have
been somewhat revised in the light of various comments I have received from readers and
scholars. The electronic edition of this text has also been updated.
I am very grateful to Professor R. S. Bucknell, who read through the Introductions and
Studies of both the main text and the Appendix, which helped me clarify the text. I am
also indebted to Dr. Andrew Glass and Ven. Anlayo who read through the Introduction
and whose scholarship helped me correct a number of oversights, and generally improve
the text.
I would also like to thank the Head of the Department of Pali and Buddhist Studies at the
University of Peradeniya, Dr. G. Somaratne, for being so supportive of the publication of
this work; and I am grateful to Mr. Kulatunga of Printel Private Limited for undertaking
to publish this work.
In compiling this work I have been greatly assisted by the labours of previous scholars,
amongst whom I should mention J. Brough (The Gndhr Dharmapada), F. Bernhard
(Udnavarga), M. Cone (Patna Dharmapada), O. von Hinber and K.R. Norman
(Dhammapada), K.L. Dhammajoti (The Chinese Version of Dhammapada), and the
unknown author of an article on The Origin of Dhammapada Verses (Buddhist Studies
Review 6, 2 - 1989), all of whom gave parallels to the various texts. During the course of
research for this work I was also able to find some other parallels that had not previously
been listed.
In preparing the main work I have had to prepare 4 major texts, and extracts from 4
others, and then compile it all. Although every care has been taken to ensure accuracy, it
v
is quite possible that there are still some mistakes in this edition. If anyone has any
corrections or additions that they could pass on, I could include them in any future
edition. Kindly write to anandajoti@gmail.com.
nandajoti Bhikkhu
September, 2006/2550
1
Introduction
Texts of the early Buddhist tradition are preserved in Pi, Gndhr, and various other
1
forms of Sanskritised Prakrit; besides being found in Chinese and Tibetan translation. Of
the MIA versions the only one that has come down to us in anything like a complete
recension is preserved in the Pi Tipiaka,2 and it is certainly the Pi texts, mainly in
modern translations, that constitute the best known version of the early teachings, which
is not surprising as they belong to a living Buddhist tradition.
Of the Pi texts the Dhammapada is perhaps the best-loved collection of the Buddhas
teachings. There have been many editions,3 and almost innumerable translations of this
ever-popular text in nearly all modern languages.4 And in countries that have a
Theravda tradition there is a copy of the book in most Buddhist homes, and many people
know at least some of the verses by heart.
Apart from the Pi Dhammapada, however, there are comparable collections of the
Dharmapadni verses available in complete, or very nearly complete, editions in three
other MIA recensions, and these parallels can often throw light on the early teachings,
and act as a complement, and sometimes also as a corrective, to the Pi verses. There are
also parallels to individual verses found in other texts belonging to the early Buddhist
traditions of other schools.5
1
This term seems to me to be preferable to the usual Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit or Mixed
Sanskrit, which makes it sound as if we are dealing with forms of Sanskrit, whereas the
languages underlying all the early texts, including Pi, are forms of Prakrit that have
been Sanskritised to a greater or lesser degree.
2
The Tipiaka, of course, contains texts of various ages, but undoubtedly in the four main
nikyas it preserves a fairly reliable recension of the original teaching.
3
The main editions in Roman script were made by V. Fausbll (1855, 2nd ed. London,
1900); S. Sumangala Thera (London, 1914); D.J. Kalupahana (Lanham, 1986); J.R.
Carter & M. Palihawadana (Oxford, 1987); O. von Hinber & K.R. Norman (Oxford,
1994). I also made a New Edition myself in 2002, which is the text used here.
4
For a survey of the Dhammapada translations up to 1989, see Russel Webb: The
Dhammapada - East and West (Buddhist Studies Review 6.2 1989: 166-175).
5
According to Bhikkhu Kuala Lumpur Dhammajoti, in The Chinese Version of
Dharmapada (Colombo, 1995, p. 26), there are "2 versions of the Dharmapada and 2
versions of the Udnavarga in Chinese ... and two or three versions of the Udnavarga
in Tibetan".
Moreover, there are parallels in the Jaina and Brahmanical traditions. Jaina Parallels
have been enumerated by W.B. Bolle, in his Reverse Index of the Dhammapada,
Suttanipta, Thera- and Thergth Pdas with Parallels from the yraga, Syagaa,
Uttarajjhy, Dasaveyliya and Isibhsiyi (Reinbek, 1983).
The Brahmanical parallels have been collected by W. Rau in his essay: "Bermerkungen
und nicht-buddhistische Sanskrit-Parallelen zum Pli-Dhammapada", which was
published in Jnamuktval. Commemoration Volume in Honour of Johannes Nobel...
edited by Claus Vogel (New Delhi, 1959).
None of these, however, have been dealt with here, as we are concerned in this work with
the relationship of the recensions of the verses in the various collections made in MIA.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 2
Of the collections, the closest to the Pi is what is now known as the Patna Dharmapada.6
All the editions are based on a manuscript found in a Tibetan Monastery by Rhula
Saktyyana some time in the 1930s.7 The photographs of this manuscript are now held
in the K.P. Jayaswal Research Institute in Patna, which is how the conventional name for
the text has arisen.
The language of the verses that have been collected in the Patna Dharmapada is very
close to the Pi version of the text. The morphology is slightly more Sanskritised, but
anyone who can read Pi, and has even a passing acquaintance with Sanskrit, should be
able to read the text.
The same cannot be said of the Gndhr Dharmapada, the scribe of which did not
regularly distinguish between short and long vowels; for the most part he didnt mark the
difference between assimilated conjuncts and the simplex, or preserve niggahta
(anusvara) either; also the phonetic values of the text are considerably different to the
other recensions. It is a desideratum that some attempt be made to restore the phonetic
values of the text, so as to clarify the true nature of the language underlying the written
remains.
The basis for this text is a set of manuscript remains that were found in the Gandhra
region in what is now Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China in the late 19th
century. There were initially a number of partial publications of this text which it appears
had been broken into three pieces and sold off to various European explorers. One part
found its way to France, another to Russia, and a third part, it appears, has been
8
irretrievably lost. According to Prof. Broughs estimate there must have been
approximately 540 verses in the text in total, but the verses in Broughs edition only
amount to 342, and many of those are very fragmentary.
6
There are 4 editions of this text at present. The first, made by N. S. Shukla under the
name The Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dharmapada, was published in Patna itself in 1979;
a much more reliable version of the text was made by G. Roth, and published as a part
of The Language of the Earliest Buddhist Tradition, ed. by Prof. Heinz Bechert
(Gttingen, 1980); the third was made by Margaret Cone as part of her doctrinal thesis,
and published in the Journal of the Pali Text Society, Volume XIII (Oxford, 1989); the
fourth was made by K. Mizuno in A Study of the Buddhist Sanskrit Dharmapada in
Buddhist Studies Vol. 11 & 19 (Hamamatsu, 1982, 1990).
7
Exactly when is not clear, but it was probably during the trip to Tibet in 1934 or 1936.
8
A transcription of the material in France was published by . Senart under the title Le
manscrit kharoh du Dhammapada: les fragments Dutreuil de Rhins (Journal
Asiatique, 1898); a 2nd edition of this material was made by B. Barua and S. Mitra in
1921, under the title Prakrit Dhammapada (University of Calcutta Press); a 3rd edition
of the same material was made in 1945 by Prof H.W. Bailey under the title The Khotan
Dharmapada (Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, volume xi,
London). But it was not until Prof. John Broughs edition, entitled The Gndhr
Dharmapada that all the remaining parts of the text were collated and published in
London in 1962 (School of Oriental and African Studies, London; reprinted by Motilal
Banarsidass in Delhi, 2001).
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 3
The third major parallel to the text is not called a Dhammapada, but is known as the
Udnavarga. However, it is clearly a recension of the same Dharmapadni material, even
if the collection has been greatly expanded. The Sanskrit remains of the text are
fragmentary, but owing to the fact that there are many fragments to compare, it has been
9
possible to restore the verses to a much greater degree than with the Gndhr.
The text is evidently much more Sanskritised than the other versions we have discussed so
far, but the degree of Sanskritisation is not standardised throughout and the text contains
something of a mixture in terms of its language. The metre of the text is also a mixture of
10
early and late forms, as I have shown in a separate study.
Of the incomplete parallels, two chapters from yet another Dharmapada have been
preserved in the Mahvastu, one of the earliest of the Sanskritised Prakrit texts; one of
the chapters is named as the Sahasravarga, and appears to be the whole of the chapter; the
other is a selection that comes from an unnamed Bhikuvarga. Parallels also exist in the
Divyvadna edited by E.B. Cowell & R.A. Neil (Cambridge 1886); the Gilgit
Manuscripts edited by Prof. Nalinaksha Dutt (Calcutta, 1950); and the Avadna-ataka,
edited by J.S. Speyer (St. Petersburg, 1902, 1906).
In re-presenting this material my primary aim has been to present matter that actually
throws substantial light on the verses in question. Because of this I have not presented
every fragment that could possibly have been parallel to each of the verses, considering
that it actually adds little to our understanding of the verses, but have normally only
admitted material when it is at least parallel to a quarter verse.12
9
Chapter xxix was published by R. Pischel in 1908; part of chapter xxii, and chapters xxix
- xxxii were published by L. de la Valle Poussin in 1912; N.P. Chakravarti in Paris in
1930 published chapters i - iii; v - xxi; and B. Pauly published chapter xxxiii in 1961; but
the first complete edition of the remains of the Sanskrit text were published by Dr.
Franz Bernhard in 1965 in Gottingen.
10
See www.ancient-buddhist-texts.net/Buddhist-Texts/S1-Udanavarga/ for two studies of
the Udnavarga relating to its prosody and to the Sanskritisation of the text.
11
Even if we could determine with certainty the relative ages of the various recensions of
the Dharmapadni material, that would tell us almost nothing about the genuineness of
the verses contained in them. It may be that a verse that has been heavily Sanskritised
reflects an authentic saying of the Buddha; and another verse in an early form of
Prkrit is intrusive. As all the recensions are in fact collections of already extant verses
we can be quite sure they contain material of various ages.
12
What counts as a parallel is often a purely subjective judgement, and no doubt others
may disagree occasionally with what has been included and what excluded; however,
there seems to be no way to avoid this. Similarly, given the great mass of material at
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 4
Similarly, I have not reproduced every parallel to every verse, which would entail an
enormous amount of redundancy, but have reproduced the parallels at the place where
they are closest to the Pi verse, so that if there is a parallel that is equal to all four lines
of one of the Pi verses, and later is found equal to three lines of another verse, it is only
reproduced on the first occasion.13
Presenting the material in this way should throw much light on the Pi verses, and the
relationship they have to the other versions. However, it does not reveal the whole
picture, as the other texts sometimes have many verses that could be regarded as parallel
to one of the Pi verses, owing to repetition of a verse with the replacement of keywords.
This applies especially to the Udnavarga.
To help rectify this situation, in the Appendix some important verses that have found
their way into the parallel versions, but are missing in the Pi recension, have been
gathered together, and are presented from four different angles. The first follows the
parallels to the Pi with their variants, then the Patna, Gndhr, and Udnavarga texts
with their parallels in turn. This shows both the texts and parallels to the verses in all the
14
editions, and also reveals how the verses have been organised in the various versions.
hand, there may be some inconsistencies in the presentation. For these failings I can
only beg the readers indulgence.
13
This was an essential policy to adopt, as there are many series of verses in all the
editions that simply extend the number of verses by substituting keywords. If every
parallel line had been printed everywhere it occurs, the situation would have been
confused, I feel, rather than clarified.
14
Time permitting, I hope to produce a similar collection using the Udnavarga as the
basis, which has the advantage of being the largest collection of verses, and therefore
offering the largest amount of material to compare.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 5
The text of the Dhammapada in this new edition has been established through a
comparison of the Sinhalese, Burmese, Thai, and European editions.
Chapter and verse numbers have been added to the parallels, alongside the sequential
numbers.
I have somewhat simplified the punctuation to bring it into line with the parallel
versions.
Patna Dharmapada edited by Margaret Cone (JPTS Vol XIII, Oxford 1989)
(reproduced by permission of PTS).
I am grateful to Prof. K.R. Norman, who sent a few small corrections to be made to the
printed text. These include the accidental omission of a half-verse (145cd), and a
repetition of a quarter-verse (149b).
Chapter and verse numbers have been added to the parallels, alongside the sequential
numbers.
The use of the avagraha (elipsis sign) in the original has been replaced with " ".
The vowel ri sign in Sanskrit is written with a ring underneath, not with a dot e.g.
d (not d).
Line breaks in the original manuscript, which were noted in the text by the first
akara being written in bold type, have been omitted.
Uncertain readings are marked with red coloured italic text.
Dr. Cone occasionally discussed uncertain readings in the notes, these discussions
have had to be omitted, and the akaras in question are marked with red coloured
italic text.
Missing words and akaras that were marked by empty square brackets " [ ] " are
here marked by elipsis " . . . "
A few characters that Dr. Cone (in private correspondence) said she thought had no
semantic meaning, have also been omitted.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 6
The Gndhr Dharmapada edited by John Brough (Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 2001)
(reproduced by permission of Motilal Banarsidass).
Chapter and verse numbers have been added to the parallels, alongside the sequential
numbers.
In his edition Brough provided titles for the last 13 vaggas of the text; he put them in
square brackets and wrote them in Sanskrit. Here the brackets have been retained, but
the Sanskrit has been replaced by Prakrit, which is more in keeping with the nature of
the work.
Uncertain readings which were marked with italic text are here marked with red
coloured italic text.
Brough sometimes entered conjectural readings into the text, and placed them in
square brackets. The square brackets have been removed here, and they have been
marked with green coloured italic text.
Brough occasionally made suggestions in his footnotes for correcting mistakes in the
readings in his footnotes; here I have inserted them into the text: they are also marked
with green coloured italic text. The footnotes themselves, which were in any case very
few in number, have had to be dropped.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 7
Changes in presentation:
The numbering of the chapter titles has been changed from Roman to Arabic
numerals (e.g. 33: Brhmaavarga, not XXXIII: Brhmaavarga), which is the way
they appear at the end of the chapters in the original edition anyway.
The sequential numbers have been omitted.
The vowel ri sign in Sanskrit is written with a ring underneath, not with a dot, e.g.
dv (not dv or div).
Uncertain readings are marked with red coloured italic text.
Verses which had 2 irreconcilable versions have been given separate numbering (as
[a], [b]), rather than printed side by side.
Divyvadna edited by E.B. Cowell & R.A. Neil (Cambridge 1886). The transliteration
of this text has been modified to accord with the other texts presented here.
Excerpts from the following have been transliterated by the present writer:
Method of Presentation
When lines in a verse of one of the parallels are not found in the Pi Dhammapada, I
have included those lines, so as to represent better the form of the original, but have
placed them in square brackets [ ], and they are written in grey coloured text.
It should also be pointed out here that a verse that is only partially paralleled in the
Dhammapada may find a complete parallel elsewhere in the Pi Tipiaka, though it
appears that normally when a verse as a whole is absent from the parallels it is also absent
from the rest of the Canon.
I have occasionally included more than one parallel where it seemed to me that the
inclusion was justified by the light it throws on the Pi verse. But normally I have only
chosen the closest parallel to the Pi verse that I could find - this applies particularly to
the Udnavarga, where there are often a number of parallels to choose from.
The layout adopted in regard to the parallels has been maintained throughout this
presentation:
Pi Patna
Gndhr Udnavarga
This layout has normally been preserved even when it leads to a lot of white space, as it
makes referencing a lot easier if one is looking for a parallel from a particular text; also
it seems useful to be able to see where no parallel exists in any of these texts.
There are a few parallels from other sources, the Mahvastu, Divyvadna,
Avadnaataka, & Mlasarvstivdivinaya; these have normally been omitted from the
table if no parallel has been found, but when they are included the layout is expanded
thus:
Pi Patna
Gndhr Udnavarga
However, occasionally when there are parallels from one of these sources but not from
the Gndhr and Udnavarga, then the layout looks like this:
Pi Patna
I have given the reference numbers by chapter and verse number to the 3 main parallels,
even though Broughs edition of Gndhr and Cones edition of Patna give only
sequential numbers,15 as this allows us to see at a glance whether verses in the parallels
are, for instance, at the beginning of a chapter.
15
In these cases I give the sequential numbers also; Udnavarga has sequential numbers,
but these have been omitted here, as any quotation can easily be found under the chapter
and verse number.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 10
In the Gndhri Dharmapada there are 26 chapters, of which a number are absent or
fragmentary. Prof. Brough gives 344 extant verses, some of which are in a fragmentary
state, and estimates that the collection would originally have stood at 540 verses or
thereabouts.
In the Udnavarga there are 33 chapters, having 1050 verses in Dr. Bernhards edition,
but many of these have irreconcilable versions (here marked with a, b), or have been
numbered A, B, C, D, etc., so that the number printed is actually considerably greater than
that (approx. 1100).
The following table gives the chapter numbers and titles of the Pi Dhammapada and the
parallels in the other collections:
16
Brough gave titles to a number of chapters that lacked them, and put them in square
brackets, in most cases the title seems certain.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 11
The Patna Dharmapada has, besides those listed, the following nine chapter titles that
find no parallel in the Pi: 5. Attha; 6. oka; 7. Kaly; 13. Saraa; 14. Khnti;
15. sava; 16. Vc; 18. Dadant; & 22. Uraga.
The Gndhr Dharmapada has, besides those listed, the following four chapters
titles: 12. Thera; [15. Bahouda]; [20. ila (?)]; [21. Kica (?)]; and Chapters 23 - 26 are lost
along with their names.
The Udnavarga, besides those listed, has the following nineteen chapters
titles: 1. Anitya; 2. Kma; 6. la; 7. Sucarita; 8. Vca; 9. Karma; 10. raddh;
11. ramaa; 13. Satkra; 14. Droha; 15. Smti; 17. Udaka; 19. Ava; 21. Tathgata;
22. ruta; 24. Peyla; 25. Mitra; 26. Nirva; & 27. Paya.
We can see from this that there are parallel chapter titles to most of the Pi chapters, and
some of the categories seem very well established, such as: 1. Yamaka; 2. Appamda;
3. Citta; 4. Puppha; 5. Bla; 8. Sahassa; 20. Magga; 24. Tah; 25. Bhikkhu; &
26. Brhmaa.
However, there are no parallels to these 4 chapters titles: 13. Loka; 14. Buddha;
19. Dhammaha; & 22. Niraya; also 6. Paita & 23. Nga may also not find parallels, as
Broughs titles are only a guess, working from the extant contents of the work.
It is interesting to note that it is clearly the opening and end chapters in the Pi that are
paralleled; and the same can be said about the Patna Dharmapada, in which the first four
chapters and three of the last four chapters find parallels in the Pi. Again with the
Gndhr Dharmapada, chapters 1-3; 5-11; 13-14; 16-19 all find parallels in the Pi; in
this case, however, we do not know how the collection closed because the material is lost.
Udnavarga breaks from this pattern in the opening, but has the last 6 chapters paralleled.
The fact that there are parallels to most of the chapter titles, however, tells us little about
what is collected within those chapters. We need therefore to look more closely at the
contents of each chapter to gain a better overall view of the collection.
17
The naming of this chapter as Prakiakavaga is only a guess by Brough, as the
remaining contents do not seem to suggest a theme.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 12
2: Contents
One of the most striking things about the Pi Dhammapada is that nearly all of its verses
(95%) are found in at least one of the other collections, and not infrequently in all of
them. Given the fragmentary nature of the Gndhr Dharmapada, and its close
resemblance to the Pi where it does exist, we could expect that the figures would be
even higher if we had more of that text available.
Below are tables covering the twenty-six chapters in the Pi Dhammapada, with the
information relating to the correspondence between chapter and verse abstracted, so that
it is possible to see at a glance the correspondences in the four main collections.18
Following each of the tables I have made a few notes highlighting certain aspects they
bring out in regard to content and sequence, together with other explanatory notes
whenever necessary.
There are certain verses in the Pi collection that find no parallel in any of the other
collections; in that case I have also inspected the Pi Canon itself to see whether they are
parallels there, and I give the findings in the notes that follow the tables.
Where the verses only partially parallel the Pi, this is noted by indicating the quarters
that are parallel (as a, b, c, d, etc). Where parts of two verses together make up a parallel,
this is also clearly indicated.
Parts of the Gndhr Dharmapada are, unfortunately, badly damaged or lost, so that
sometimes we no longer know the contents of the whole verse, and therefore how well it
parallels the Pi. The verses affected in this way have therefore been marked with an
asterick in the tables that follow.
18
Normally the information concerning the Mahvastu and the other texts is not
presented here, as they are generally not collections of verses, and only contain
incidental parallels (the Mahvastu contains a Sahasravarga, and maybe a Bhikuvarga,
and the information concerning these chapters is summarised).
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 13
The total number of verses in the Pi and the parallels in the other collections are noted
at the bottom of each table.
1. Yamakavagga
20 18 14 17
It is clear, when looking at this table, that although the Yamaka category is well
established, which verses belong to it is not. In the parallels most of the verses appear,
but roughly half of them have been collected under different rubrics.
There are no good parallels to the verses 17 - 18 of the Pi collection, and these also
find no parallel elsewhere in the Canon.
Patna is quite close to the Pi, having the first eight verses in common, albeit in
different order.
Gndhr has twenty-three verses collected in its Yamakavaga, but only ten parallels
from that chapter (it is very possible that other pairs appeared in different chapters,
the contents of which have been lost).
Udnavarga knows of all but three of the verses, but only six are in its Yugavarga.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 14
2. Appamdavagga
12 10 11 12
In the 2nd chapter the agreement is very high, there being thirty-three out of a
potential thirty-six parallels, and all but three of them belong to an Appamda
chapter.
The Pi, Patna, and Udnavarga chapters all open with the same three verses, but
after that the sequence breaks down.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 15
3. Cittavagga
11 9 6 10
All of the verses find a parallel in one or other of the collections, and nearly all are in
a Cittavagga (four are in other vaggas).
The Gndhr Dharmapada, it should be stressed, is very badly broken in its Citavaga
and may have contained other parallels that are lost.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 16
4. Pupphavagga
16 16 14 16
The collection of verses having a simile about flowers seems to have been well
established, and there are good parallels not only to the chapter name, but to the
contents also.
Patna has sixteen verses in its Pupavargga, and fifteen are parallel to its Pi
counterpart; Gndhr Pupavaga has fifteen verses and thirteen are parallel to the
verses in the Pupphavagga.
The sequence 11 - 14 finds a parallel in Patna and Udnavarga, and partly so in
Gndhr.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 17
5. Blavagga
16 13 2 16
Gndhrs Balavaga is one of the lost chapters, and there are therefore only two
verses parallel to the Pi in this chapter, that have been collected in its Paidavaga.
The sequence 6 - 9 is paralleled in Patna and Udnavarga; as is the sequence 13 - 16,
but in the latter the division of the verses does not agree with the parallels, which
however, agree with one another.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 18
6. Paitavagga
14 13 7 13
7. Arahantavagga
10 9 9
The Gndhr had an Arahavaga, but it is lost, together with all the verses it
contained.
Neither Patna nor Udnavarga know of the rubric, and the parallels are scattered
throughout those collections.
There is no good parallel to 6, but compare Udnavarga 17.12.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 20
8. Sahassavagga
16 14 11 13
9. Ppavagga
13 11 4 12
There are many parallels from the verses in the Udnavarga Ppavarga, but the
sequence is very different.
In Patna the Kalyvargga corresponds closely to the Ppavagga, and has the
opening three verses in common.
The Pavuvaga in Gndhr is one of the chapters that we know is lost, so there are
only a few parallels in that collection, coming from its Yamakavaga.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 22
10. Daavagga
17 10 2 17
In Patna there is sequential correspondence for the Pi verses 2 - 4, and it also knows
of a Daavargga.
The Udnavarga has parallels to virtually all the verses, but they are dispersed
throughout that collection.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 23
11. Jarvagga
11 5 6 10
19
Broughs suggestion that the Udnavarga Anityavarga is its equivalent to the Pi
Jarvagga does not seem to be borne out by the evidence presented here, as there are
only 4 parallels between the two collections.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 24
12. Attavagga
10 10 5 10
Both Pli and Patna have well-defined Attavaggas, with Patna being the more
extensive of the two.
Udnavarga also has an tmavarga, but only four out of twenty-six verses are parallel
to verses in the Pi Attavagga, though many of them are variations of Pi 12.4.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 25
13. Lokavagga
12 9 4 11
Here we can see that although a number of the verses are found in both Patna and
Udnavarga, the Lokavagga rubric is unique to the Pi collection.
The first two verses are found in the Apramdavargas of the other collections.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 26
14. Buddhavarga
18 14 1 16
The verses in this chapter are dispersed in the Patna and Udnavarga collections.
We might have expected more than one of the verses from the Pi Buddhavagga to
be paralleled in the Udnavarga Tathgatavarga, but such is not the case.
The fact that all but one verse is not found in Gndhr would seem to suggest that
that is one of the missing chapters from that collection.
The absence of parallels to the last two verses is striking here; they also find no
parallel in the Canon.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 27
15. Sukhavagga
12 9 9 10
16. Piyavagga
12 5 2 10
There are very few parallels in the Gndhr collection here, and it may be that a
Piyavaga has been lost.
The category is established in the Udnavarga, but absent from Patna, and there are
very few parallels from that collection.
Again we have two verses in the Pi that fail to find exact parallels elsewhere in
these collections, but perhaps it is easier to explain this time, as the verses in question
are variations of a succession of verses, which all have the same structure, with a
change of keyword. Neither of them is paralleled in the Canon either.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 29
17. Kodhavagga
14 12 9 14
Both Gndhr and Udnavarga know of a Krodhavarga, but only a handful of verses
found in the Pi are also in those chapters, the rest being scattered.
Patna doesnt have a Krodhavargga, but most of the parallels are found in its
Vcvargga.
The Pi sequence 8 - 10 is also sequential in Gndhr and Udnavarga, though the
division of the verses differs in the latter. Two of the three verses are also sequential
in Patna.
Pi sequence 11 - 14 is also found in Patna, and 11 - 13 occurs also in Udnavarga.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 30
18. Malavagga
21 13 4 12
The sequence 12 - 14 finds no parallel in the other collections, or in the Canon; nor do
they mention mala or a synonym for mala, so it very much seems that they are
intrusive here.
There is no parallel for 3, either amongst the other collections or in the Canon.
Patna is the only other collection that has a Malavarga, although it is possible that
there was also one in Gndhr, which has been lost.
The sequence 7 - 9 is also found in Patna; and the pair 10 - 11 also occurs in all three
parallel collections.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 31
19. Dhammahavagga
19.1 Dhammaha
19.2 Dhammaha
19.3 Dhammaha
19.4 Dhammaha 2.19 Apramda 7.5 Apramadu 4.21 Apramda
19.5 Dhammaha 12.1 Thera 11.11 ramaa
19.6 Dhammaha 16.12 Vc (abc)
19.7 Dhammaha 16.11 Vc 12.5 Thera 29.10 Yuga
19.8 Dhammaha 16.12 Vc (cd) 12.6 Thera (d)* 10.7 raddh (cd)
19.9 Dhammaha 13.20 araa 12.7 Thera 11.13 ramaa
19.10 Dhammaha 13.21 araa 1.1cd & 12.8cd 33.8 Brhmaa (cd)
Brammaa
19.11 Dhammaha 2.17 Bhikhu 32.18 Bhiku
19.12 Dhammaha 2.18 Bhikhu (bcd) 32.19 Bhiku (abd)
19.13 Dhammaha
19.14 Dhammaha
19.15 Dhammaha
19.16 Dhammaha 15.11 sava 2.15 Bhikhu (acd) 32.31 Bhiku
19.17 Dhammaha 15.12 sava 2.16 Bhikhu 32.32 Bhiku
17 8 10 10
We can see that none of the other versions knows of a Dhammahavagga,20 and the
verses are pretty much scattered throughout the other collections.
Again we find that some of the verses in this chapter are unrepresented in the
parallels, with two sequences of three verses being absent from the other collections.
These also find no parallel in other parts of the Canon.
20
Brough in his Introduction says that the Dhammahavagga, Theravaga, and
ramaavargas are equivalent in the 3 collections he had access to, but this is certainly
not correct.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 32
20. Maggavagga
17 15 11 16
Although the Maggavagga seems very well established and there is close agreement
between the Pi and Patna texts, the Gndhr and Udnavarga material only agrees
partially.
The sequence 5 - 8 is followed in Gndhr and Udnavarga (with an addition in the
latter), but one of the verses is missing in Patna.
The sequence 11 - 16 is followed in Patna, and the sequence in two groups in different
chapters is also followed by Udnavarga, but the verses are scattered in Gndhr.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 33
21. Pakiakavagga
16 10 14 16
It is perhaps not surprising that there is little agreement about what belongs to a
Miscellaneous chapter, which the Pi, Gndhr (perhaps), and Udnavarga
collections have.
The sequence 7 - 12 is found in Gndhr and also in Udnavarga, but there are many
additions in the latter which intervene. Three of the verses are found sequentially in
Patna also.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 34
22. Nirayavagga
14 11 8 11
None of the other collections knows of a Nirayavagga, and the verses are therefore
scattered throughout those editions.
The sequence 11 - 13 is followed in Patna.
The last verse in the Pi, which is the reverse of the preceding verse, is not paralleled
elsewhere, and is not found in the Canon either.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 35
23. Ngavagga
14 11 4 12
Gndhr may have had a Nagavaga, the fragments that remain being too few to be
certain; but the category is unknown to Patna and Udnavarga.
5 is not found in any of the other collections, and has no Canonical parallel either.
The sequence 2 - 4 agrees with Patna, and also the sequence 12 - 14, but it breaks
down in the last verse.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 36
24. Tahvagga
26 18 7 21
Although the Tah category is well-established and occurs in all the parallels
(though the Gndhr edition is fragmented at this point), again what it contains is
not.
There are four verses in the Pi that are not paralleled in the other editions, and they
are not found elsewhere in the Pi Canon either.
The sequences 2 - 4 and 23 - 26 also occur in Patna and Udnavarga,21 with the
exception of the last verse.
21
Udnavarga has 3 other parallels with the substitution of mnado, lobhado, and
tdo in the 2nd line.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 37
25. Bhikkhuvagga
25.1 Bhikkhu
25.2 Bhikkhu 4.2 Bhiku 2.2 Bhikhu (abcde) 7.11 Sucarita
25.3 Bhikkhu 4.3 Bhiku 2.3 Bhikhu 32.7 Bhiku
25.4 Bhikkhu 4.5 Bhiku 2.4 Bhikhu 8.10 Vca
25.5 Bhikkhu 13.11 araa 2.14 Bhikhu 32.8 Bhiku
25.6 Bhikkhu 4.6 Bhiku 2.11 Bhikhu 13.8 Satkra
25.7 Bhikkhu 4.7 Bhiku 2.12 Bhikhu
25.8 Bhikkhu 2.29 Bhikhu 32.17 Bhiku
25.9 Bhikkhu 4.10 Bhiku 2.20 Bhikhu 32.21 Bhiku
25.10 Bhikkhu 4.8 Bhiku 2.26 Bhikhu 26.12 Nirva
25.11 Bhikkhu 2.28 Bhikhu
25.12 Bhikkhu 2.19 Apramda 2.25 Bhikhu 31.31 Citta (bc)
(bcd)
25.13 Bhikkhu 4.13 Bhiku 2.8 Bhikhu
25.14 Bhikkhu 4.11 Bhiku 2.5 Bhikhu 32.9 Bhiku
25.15 Bhikkhu 4.12 Bhiku 2.6 Bhikhu 32.10 Bhiku
25.16 Bhikkhu 4.14 Bhiku 2.9 Bhikhu 32.26cd & 32.27ab
Bhiku
25.17 Bhikkhu 4.15 Bhiku (abcde) 2.10 Bhikhu (abcd)* 32.6 Bhiku (bcde)
25.18 Bhikkhu 8.13 Pupa 18.9 Pupa 18.11 Pupa
25.19 Bhikkhu 4.4 Bhiku 32.24 Bhiku
25.20 Bhikkhu 17.19 tta
25.21 Bhikkhu 17.17 tta 19.14 Ava (abd)
25.22 Bhikkhu
25.23 Bhikkhu 16.7 Prakiraka
23 18 17 17
We can see again here the close connection between the Pi and Gndhr
collections, with fifteen verses in the latter also being found in its Bhikhuvaga,22 and
only one from elsewhere in that collection.
Udnavarga also has a Bhikuvarga, but only about half of its parallels occur in that
23
chapter, even though it has no fewer than eighty-two verses.
The two verses that find no parallel also have no parallels in the Canon, but the 1st
verse is paralleled in Mahvastu, which also has parallels to the following verses: 2, 3,
5, 9, & 10.
22
The Gndhr Bhikhuvaga has 39 verses, but the extra verses are mainly parallel to
what is now the Uragasutta of Suttanipta in Pi.
23
26 of these parallel the Uragasutta, but that still leaves a large collection of verses, of
course.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 38
26. Brhmaavagga
(cd)
26.35 Brhmaa 33.45 Brhmaa
26.36 Brhmaa 33.44 Brhmaa
26.37 Brhmaa 1.44 Brammaa 33.48 Brhmaa
(abd)
26.38 Brhmaa 1.43abd & 1.26cd 33.46 Brhmaa
Brammaa (abd)
26.39 Brhmaa 1.34 Brammaa 33.29A Brhmaa
(acd)* (acd)
26.40 Brhmaa 1.41 Brammaa 33.50 Brhmaa
(bcd)*
26.41 Brhmaa 1.5 Brammaa 33.47 Brhmaa
(abcd) (abcdf)
41 15 30 39
The last chapter in the collection is also the one showing the strongest correspondence
in chapter title and contents in the parallels, with only one verse being found under
another rubric, Udnavargas parallel to 26.6.
Patnas Brhmaavargga is comparatively small, having only sixteen verses, but
fourteen of them are parallel to the Pi.
Udnavargas Brhmaavarga, is its largest collection of verses, having eighty-three
verses in that chapter. Only two parallels to the Pi are missing here, and one of
those is found in its related ramaavarga.
Perhaps surprisingly, no sequences seem to occur in the parallels.
We can summarise the tables thus: the Pi Dhammapada has 423 verses, of which 23 do
not find a parallel (5%); it is interesting that all of the verses which fail to find a parallel
in the other editions also have no parallel in the rest of the Canon.
There are 304 parallels in the Patna Dharmapada, of which 29 are partial; 214 in
Gndhr, of which 41 are partial; & 370 in the Udnavarga, of which 56 are partial. That
gives a total of 888 parallels of which 126 are partial (14%).
Or, to put it another way, there is a close resemblance in the parallels for 86% of the
verses. Many of the others differ only by a line or so. In fact 165 verses (39%) find
parallels in all the other collections, despite the fact that the Gndhr collection is
fragmentary.
3: Collocation
Below I examine the chapters where collocation seems to occur on the keyword occurring
in the title, and will discuss the other chapters in the next section on Themes. In what
follows the verses that do not have the keyword are placed in brackets, and are discussed
in the notes that follow.
Special attention has been paid to the grouping of the verses in the commentary and the
parallels in this section, as this throws light on how a verse that is lacking a keyword has
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 40
entered into the collection. I also discuss the verses which seem to be intrusive, and
wherever possible offer explanations for their appearance in the collections.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 41
2. Appamdavagga: 1ac; 2b; (3); 4d; 5a; 6c; 7c; 8a; 9a; 10ac; 11a; 12a.
3 does not mention appamda but it is in the sequence 1 - 3 which occurs in the
commentary, and also in Patna, and Udnavarga, and has come into the chapter
through that connection.
3. Cittavagga: 1a; 2c; 3cd; 4cd; 5c; 6a; 7a; 8b; (9); 10c; 11c.
Citta doesnt occur in 9, but its synonym via does, and its subject matter (the
fragility of the body) is similar to 8, so that they seem quite naturally to form a pair,
even though they are not joined together in the other collections or in the
commentary.
4. Pupphavagga: 1d; 2d; 3c; 4a; 5a; 6a; (7); 8a; 9a; 10a; 11a; (12); (13); (14); (15); (16).
The verse 7 seems a bit intrusive as it doesnt mention puppha, or have anything to do
with flowers; nor does it appear to be part of a sequence, although the pair 6 - 7 is
paralleled in Udnavarga.
The verses 11 - 14 are a sequence occurring also in Patna (where they open the
Pupphavargga); and Udnavarga (three of the verses are also paralleled in
Gndhr), and have been attracted into the collection by the word puppha occurring
in the 1st verse of the sequence.
Similarly, 15 & 16 are a pair, occurring in all editions; the mention of a lotus
(paduma) is the link to flowers in this case, but puppha is not mentioned, so that it
appears that these verses have come into the chapter through having thematic
24
connection.
5. Blavagga: 1c; 2d; 3b; 4acd; 5a; (6); 7a; (8); (9); 10ad; 11b; 12c; 13bc; (14); 15e; (16).
5 & 6 are a pair occurring together in all the collections, though they are treated
separately by the commentary.
7 - 9 is a sequence, the first verse of which has bla in its opening line, and occurs also
in Patna, and Udnavarga (the Balavaga is known to have existed in Gndhr, but
the verses are missing from the extant collection).
13 - 16 are a sequence also occurring in Patna and Udnavarga, bla occurring in 2 of
the verses.
6. Paitavagga: 1d; (2); (3); 4d; 5d; 6d; 7d; 8d; (9); (10); (11); 12b; 13d; (14).
1 - 3 are not found in sequence in the other collections, and are separated by the
commentary, but they are certainly thematic, and seem to have formed a group in the
Pi tradition. The keyword occurs in the first of these verses.
9 - 11 appear to be intrusive. 9 might have been better collected under the
Dhammaha rubric, dealing as it does with the righteous man (dhammika); 10 & 11,
which are a pair in the commentary, and also in the Patna and Udnavarga
collections, might have been better placed in the Arahantavagga, given thematic
considerations.
12 - 14 form a sequence in both the commentary and in Patna (but are absent from
Gndhr, and dispersed in Udnavarga).
24
This chapter, then, is on the borderline between being classified here as having been
organised through collocation; and in the next section, organised by theme.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 42
9. Ppavagga: 1bd; 2ad; (3); 4abcd; 5a; 6a; (7); 8d; 9d; 10c; 11b; 12d; (13).
2 & 3 and 6 & 7 are pairs occurring in all the parallels.
12 & 13 are also a pair, differing from each other only in their closing line; however,
they are separated in Udnavarga.
12. Attavagga: 1a; 2a; 3a; 4ac; 5a; 6c; 7b; 8f; 9abcd; 10ac.
There is clear collocation on the word atta in all the verses here.
13. Lokavagga: 1d; 2d; 3d; 4c; 5a; 6c; 7c; 8a; 9c; 10c; 11a; 12c.
There is collocation on loka throughout.
14. Buddhavagga: 1c; 2c; 3d; 4d; 5d; 6b; 7f; (8); 9d; (10); (11); 12a; (13); (14); (15); 16a;
17b; (18).
8 & 9 form a pair, both in the parallels and in the commentary.
The sequence 10 - 14 is found in Udnavarga and Patna (where one of the verses in
missing), and in the commentary, though they would seem to belong more naturally to
a Saraavagga as in Patna, than to a Buddhavagga. They have presumably come into
the collection at this point owing to the mention of the Buddha in 12.
15 doesnt mention Buddha, but has the synonymous epithet Purisjaa.
17 & 18 form a pair in the commentary, though they are both absent from the
parallels.
15. Sukhavagga: 1a; 2a; 3a; 4a; 5c; 6d; 7d; 8d; (9); 10bd; 11e; (12).
9 seems to be intrusive here as it is not in a pair, a sequence, or concerned with sukha
in any way.
10 - 12 occur as a sequence in Patna, Gndhr, and the commentary, and 2 of the
verses also occur as a pair in Udnavarga, so it seems that 12 has come into the
collection through that connection, though it does not mention sukha.
16. Piyavagga: 1c; 2abcd; 3abd; 4abc; (5); (6); (7); (8); 9d; (10); (11); 12d.
4 - 8 are part of a sequence which is the same verse with a change of keyword (all
synonyms for piya in this context: pema; rati; kma; tah).
There seems to be no particular reason why 10 appears under this rubric.
11 - 12 are a pair, occurring as such in the commentary and also in their only parallel
in Udnavarga.
25. Bhikkhuvagga: (1); 2e; 3d; 4a; 5c; 6c; 7a; 8d; 9a; 10a; 11c; 12a; (13); 14b; (15); 16b;
(17); 18d; 19c; 20d; (21); 22a; 23a.
1 & 2 are a pair in the commentary, though the first verse doesnt appear in any of the
parallels.
The commentary groups all the verses 9 - 17 together under one story. As the verses
appear to be quite disparate, it is no surprise that this ordering is not followed in the
parallels.
14 & 15, however, do appear as a pair in all the other collections.
16 & 17 are also a pair in both Patna and Gndhr.
20 & 21 are a pair in the commentary, but not in Patna, which has both verses but
separated.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 43
26. Brhmaavagga: 1bd; 2b; 3d; 4d; 5d; 6a; 7abc; 8a; 9d; 10d; 11bd; (12); 13a; 14af;
verses 15 - 41 all end with the refrain tam-aha brmi brhmaa (which also
closes verses number 3, 4, & 9).
The only verse to account for in the concluding chapter, then, is verse 12, which
clearly forms a pair with verse 11, even though they are treated separately by the
commentary. They appear as a pair in Patna, and in reverse order in Udnavarga.
From this we can see that once pairs of verses and sequences are accepted the mode of
collection in these chapters has clearly been keyword collocation, and that this method of
organisation accounts for the following chapters, which amount to exactly half the
chapters in the Pi collection:25 Appamda, Citta, Puppha, Bla, Paita, Ppa, Atta,
Loka, Buddha, Sukha, Piya, Bhikkhu, Brhamaa.
Obviously then, keyword collocation was a very strong organising principle in the minds
of the redactors, and in most of the remaining chapters the same will be seen to hold true.
This is so even though those chapters are more loosely collected, and may better be
termed thematic collections, though of diverse types as we shall see as we deal with them
in order.
4: Themes
7. Arahantavagga: (1); (2); (3); (4); (5); (6); (7); (8); 9c; (10).
There is no keyword collocation at all in the Arahantavagga, and the word only occurs
once, in verse 9, but the theme is clear enough, as they all describe the character of the
Arahant. Not surprisingly, there is no parallel to this chapter title in the other collections,
and the parallels to the verses, where they exist, are dispersed throughout the various
chapters.
8. Sahassavagga: 1a; 2a; (3); 4a; (5); (6); 7a; (8); (9); (10); (11); (12); (13); (14); (15); (16).
The verses 3, 8, and 11 - 16 all include the number 100 (-sata, in vassasata), and so are
included here through thematic considerations (they also all occur in Patnas
Sahasravargga).
5, 6 & 10 seem to be intrusive, as no numbers are mentioned, and they do not form a
pair or a sequence.
8 & 9 are a pair occurring also in Patna and Gndhr (the two verses, though clearly
related, are separated by a long sequence of verses in Udnavarga).
25
My study of the Udna produced the same result, with half the chapters being
organised through collocation.
Although I havent analysed the other Dharmapada collections as yet, there is no doubt
that the same will hold true for them also.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 44
10. Daavagga: 1a; 2a; 3b; 4b; 5d; (6); 7a; (8); 9a; (10); (11); (12); (13); 14c; (15); (16);
(17).
5 & 6 are grouped as a pair by the commentary, though they are separated by another
verse in both Patna and Udnavarga.
8 is thematic to the idea of punishment.
9 - 12 are grouped together by the commentary; they also occur together in
Udnavarga, though in a different order.
15 - 16 are concerned with being hit with a whip (kas), which is linked by theme to
the rod or punishment (daa).
17 is intrusive, not mentioning a rod, nor being concerned with punishment.
The theme running throughout this chapter is that of punishment or retribution, and
nearly half the verses have collocation on the word daa.
11. Jarvagga: (1); (2); (3); (4); 5c; 6b; (7); (8); (9); (10); (11).
3, 7 and 10 contain words related in their root to jar.
What has brought the famous verses beginning anekajti sasra into this chapter
is not quite clear, unless it be the syntactic association of jti with jar.
Some of the verses seem to have come in because they concern the decline of the body,
even though jar as such is not mentioned; cf. 2, 3, 4; but this is one of the loosest themes
in the collection. It is surprising, therefore, that Gndhr also has a Jaravaga, and one
that is more than twice the size of the Pi, though there are only 5 parallels to the Pi
verses.
17. Kodhavagga: 1a; 2a; 3a; (4); (5); (6); (7); (8); (9); (10); (11); (12); (13); (14).
Collocation exists only in the first 3 verses of the chapter, though a Kodhavagga
seems well-established, occurring in Gndhr and Udnavarga.
4 has the root connected verb kujjhati.
5 & 6 are hard to account for in a Kodhavagga, and as we might expect, occur in
different chapters in the parallels. They might have been better collected under the
Arahanta rubric.
The verses 7 -10 are vaguely thematic, having a sequence concerned with blaming
(nindati).
11 - 14 are a sequence obviously related to the main theme, being concerned with
kopa, which also means anger.
Collocation is weak in this chapter, though the theme has, for the most part, been
maintained.
18. Malavagga: (1); 2c; (3); 4c; 5d; 6a; 7c; 8abc; 9abcd; (10); (11); (12); (13); (14); (15);
(16); (17); (18); (19); (20); (21).
1 - 4 are a sequence in the commentary, and are connected by repetition, but they
dont occur in the parallels.
10 & 11 are a pair occurring in all the parallels; corruptions (sakiliha) in 10 is the
connection with stains (mala).
12 - 14 are not found in the parallels, but occur as a group in the commentary; the
listing of various vices, summarised as bad things (ppadhamma) in 14 is the
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 45
Although there is good collocation in the first half of this chapter, it continues according
to the theme of stains or defilements.
19. Dhammahavagga: 1a; 2d; (3); (4); (5); (6); (7); (8); (9); (10); (11); (12); (13); (14;
(15); (16); (17).
1 & 2 are a pair in the commentary but are not found in the parallels. They are the
only verses to mention the righteous person (Dhammaha).
The other verses, however, describe the same thing under different names, which we
can enumerate here (pairs are grouped together according to the commentary. 7 & 8;
9 & 10; 11 & 12 also occur as pairs in one or more of the parallels): 3ad; paita; 4ae
Dhammadhara; 5a & 6d thera; 7c & 8d sdhurpa; 9ad & 10d samaa; 11ad & 12d
bhikkhu; 13a & 14bd muni; 15ad ariya.
16 & 17 are a pair in the commentary and in the parallels, concerned with the proper
course of practice for a bhikkhu who is mentioned at 17c.
The theme in this collection is very loose, and one cant help thinking that a number of
the verses belong under different rubrics, as indeed they are found in the parallels, which
have no Dhammahavagga.
20. Maggavagga: 1a; 2a; 3c; (4); 5d; 6d; 7d; 8d; 9d; (10); (11); (12); 13c; (14); (15); (16);
17c.
4 is part of the sequence 1 - 4, which is grouped by the commentary; they are not
found in sequence in any of the parallels.
10 mentions the road (patha), which is the connection to path (magga).
11 & 12, which are a pair in the commentary and in all the parallels, speak about
clearing away the (metaphorical) forest (vana), thereby presumably clearing a path
for oneself, which must be the connection here.
14 - 16 are a sequence in 2 of the parallels, but are separated by the commentary;
One cant help feeling that 14 really belongs in the Blavagga.
Neither 15 nor 16 mention a path, and are really concerned with death, and might
have been better placed in Jarvagga through thematic considerations.
22. Nirayavagga: 1a; 2d; (3); 4d; (5); 6d; (7); (8); (9); 10f; (11); (12); (13); (14).
3 is only vaguely thematic to this rubric, and may have been joined to the 2nd verse
by asaata which occurs in both (2b & 3d). It is not grouped together in a pair or a
sequence.
4 & 5 are a pair in the commentary, Patna, and Udnavarga (Gndhr is damaged at
this point, and only one of the verses appears).
6 - 8 are a sequence in the commentary and appear as a sequence in reverse order in
Udnavarga.
9 seems a little out of place, despite its mention of pacch tapati, being tormented
later, but it is probably this that has brought it into the collection at this point.
11 and 12 mention duggati, which is a synonym of niraya.
13 & 14 which are a pair, mention duggati in the first verse, and the contrasting
suggati (sic, m.c., = sugati) in the second.
The theme is well-established in this chapter, even though niraya itself in mentioned in
only 5 of the verses.
23. Ngavagga: 1a; (2); 3c; (4); 5d; (6); (7); (8); (9); 10d; 11d; (12 ); (13); (14).
1 - 3 are a sequence in the commentary, and 2 & 3 appear as a pair in Patna and
Udnavarga.
4 may also be part of the sequence joined not by nga, but by the theme of control
(danta).
6 appears to have no connection with the main theme of the chapter, and maybe
would have been better placed in the Blavagga (with its mention of the synonymous
manda); or the Pakiakavagga.
7d mentions hatthi, a synonym for one of the meanings of nga.
8d has kujara, another synonym.
9 - 11 are a sequence in the commentary, and in Patna - it is interesting to note that
they appear in the Jamavargga in that collection, even though they are a sequence of
3 verses and not a pair as would be expected.
12 - 14 seeem completely out of place in a Ngavagga, having no connection to the
main theme; they mention sukha in every line of all 3 verses and, one would think,
they might have been better collected in the Sukhavagga.
The theme here is elephants, which accounts for 10 of the verses in this chapter.
24. Tahvagga: 1b; 2b; 3b; 4c; 5c; (6); (7); (8); (9); (10); (11); (12); (13); (14); (15); 16c;
(17); 18b; 19a; 20c; 21d; 22c; (23); (24); (25); (26).
5 - 10 form a sequence in the commentary, though not in the parallels. They all deal
with the theme of craving, even though the word doesnt always appear; its root
synonym tasia occurs at 9a and 10a.
11, 12 & 13, and also 16 & 17 (both pair of verses appear as such in the commentary
and the parallels) include the word bandhana (bondage), which seems to imply that
the redactors took it as a synonym for tah.
14 is connected to tah by the mention of rga.
15 seems out of place here, and with its mention of jtijara may have found a better
home in the Jarvagga.
16 & 17 are a pair in the commentary and in Udnavarga.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 47
The theme of craving seems to have been loosely maintained, through including
synonyms for tah on the one hand and manifestations of tah on the other.
We can see from this that some of the chapters have well-established themes, and even
though collocation doesnt always occur, nevertheless the theme prevails; on the other
hand some of the chapters are very loose. Quite a number of the verses might have found
better homes under diffferent rubrics.
1. Yamakavagga: the title is normally translated as The Pairs, but in fact when
examining it, it is clear that the verses are comprised not simply of pairs, but of opposites,
and ethical opposites at that. It is therefore the grouping of contrasting pairs of verses
that has served as the underlying organisational principle in this chapter. On a cursory
examination, this also appears to be the case in the parallel chapters in the other
collections.
21. Pakiakavagga:
There is no theme, of course, in a miscellaneous chapter!
But it is interesting to note that the first 2 verses mention sukha no less than 5 times,
and might have been better placed in the Sukhavagga.
3 & 4 are a pair in all the collections. The chapters they are collected in have different
names sava (Patna), Kica ? (Gndhr, Brough adds a question mark as the chapter
title is unsure) and Apramda (Udnavarga), presumably because of the occurrence of
pamatta in 3c).
5 & 6, which are a pair, are concerned with the aloofness of the true Brhmaa, and
might have been better placed in the Brhmaavagga.
7 - 12 form a sequence in Pi, Gndhr (Maguvaga), & Udnavarga (Smtivarga),
and the last 3 verses are a sequence in Patna (Khntivargga). As the first verse
mentions contemplation of the Buddha, it might have been possible to place them in
the Buddhavagga.
16, with its mention of damayam attna, could have found a place in the Attavagga.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 48
Although there is some correspondence between the chapter titles in the four collections,
there is virtually no agreement, and certainly no regular agreement, about the contents of
27
the chapters. As with the Udna, it appears that the two main guiding principles must
28
have been word-collocation and secondarily, thematic considerations. Half of the
chapters show keyword collocation, provided we accept that verses sometimes come into
the collections in pairs or even longer sequences, and a number of the others have
collocation as a subsidiary organisational principle.
We can note that a collection of Dhamma verses does seem to be well-established, as well
as the idea of collecting them under rubrics and dividing them into vaggas. It appears,
therefore, that there must originally have been the idea of a collection of Dhamma verses,
grouped around certain general themes, which were perhaps at first suggested by a
number of the verses having keyword collocation. They must then have been collected
and organised by different readactors working more or less independently in the different
schools.
To reinforce this, we may note that some of the chapters in the Pi, like the Lokavagga
and Buddhavagga, which show collocation throughout, do not appear as chapter titles in
the other collections;29 and on the other hand some of the chapter headings that show
poor collocation in their contents, such as the Tahvagga & Maggavagga, appear in all
the collections.
26
See his Introduction to The Gndhr Dharmapada, pg 26 ff. Brough only had the Pi,
Gndhr and Udnavarga to compare, but his conclusions still hold true after the
publication of the Patna Dharmapada.
27
See my Comparison of the Pi Udnas and the Sanskrit Udnavarga www.ancient-
buddhist-texts.net\Buddhist-Texts\C2-Udana-Parallels\index.htm.
28
These are not the same thing, though they do, of course, overlap - very often the verses
collected by collocation do not have a theme as such running through them, whereas
those collected by theme do not necessarily have a keyword repeated in the verses.
29
That is, as we now have them, it is possible that Gndhr did contain one or both of
these rubrics, but that they have been lost.
A Study of the Dhammapada Collection - 49
It is interesting in this regard to compare the Dhammapada with some of the other
collections in the Tipiaka, where the criterion has sometimes been length (Dgha,
Majjhima), or theme (Sayutta), or numbers (Aguttara), but where the exact contents
that have been collected and organised under these rubrics appears to have been similarly
fluid amongst the various schools that arose after the parinibbna of the Buddha.
In the light of this it may be suggested that what was established at the 1st Council was
not a Canon as such, but a set of baskets (piaka) for the collection of the materials that
were being memorised and passed on from teacher to pupil; and that the eventual
contents of these baskets, was very much according to the recensions made in the various
schools, which were more or less separated in time and location.
nandajoti Bhikkhu,
November 2004
50
Pi Patna
Namo tassa Bhagavato Arahato siddha nama
Sammsambuddhassa sarvabuddhadharmmryyasaghebhya
Udnavarga
siddham
1. Yamakavagga
30
no canonical parallel found
(quoted:) Netti PTS 129
(quoted:) Peak PTS 24
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 51
31
no canonical parallel found
(quoted:) Netti PTS 133
(quoted:) Peak PTS 165
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 52
32
MN 128. Upakkilesasutta PTS 3.154
Ja 371. Dghtikosalajtaka PTS 3.212
Ja 428. Kosambiyajtaka PTS 3.488
Vin Mv PTS 1.349
33
MN 128. Upakkilesasutta PTS 3.154
Ja 371. Dghtikosalajtaka PTS 3.212
Ja 428. Kosambiyajtaka PTS 3.488
Vin Mv PTS 1.349
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 53
Mlasarvstivdivinaya
(Gilgit III.ii.183)
pare tra na vijnanti
vayam atrodyammahe |
atra ye tu vijnanti
te myanti medhak ||
34
MN 128. Upakkilesasutta PTS 3.154
Ja 371. Dghtikosalajtaka PTS 3.212
Ja 428. Kosambiyajtaka PTS 3.488
Vin Mv PTS 1.349
35
MN 128. Upakkilesasutta PTS 3.154
Thag Sabhiyattheragth PTS 52
Thag Mahkaccyanattheragth PTS 52
Vin Mv PTS 1.349
Ja 428. Kosambiyajtaka PTS 3.488
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 54
36
no canonical parallel found
37
no canonical parallel found
(quoted:) Netti PTS 64
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 55
40
Pi 11 [1.11] Yamaka Patna 171 [10.15] Mala
asre sramatino asre sramatino
sre csradassino, sre c srasaino |
te sra ndhigacchanti te sran ndhigacchanti
micchsakappagocar. micchasakappagocar ||
38
Thag Phussattheragth PTS 88
Ja 221. Ksvajtaka PTS 2.198
Ja 514. Chaddantajtaka PTS 5.50
39
Thag Phussattheragth PTS 88
Ja 221. Ksvajtaka PTS 2.198
Ja 514. Chaddantajtaka PTS 5.50
40
no canonical parallel found
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 56
Pi 17 [1.17] Yamaka
idha tappati pecca tappati,
ppakr ubhayattha tappati,
ppa me katan ti tappati,
bhiyyo tappati duggati gato.
Pi 18 [1.18] Yamaka
idha nandati pecca nandati,
katapuo ubhayattha nandati,
pua me katan ti nandati,
bhiyyo nandati suggati gato.
Yamakavaggo pahamo.
2. Appamdavagga
yogakemam anuttaram ||
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 61
Pi 27 [2.7] Appamda
m pamdam anuyujetha
m kmaratisanthava,
appamatto hi jhyanto
pappoti vipula sukha.
Pi 30 [2.10] Appamda
appamdena maghav
devna sehata gato,
appamda pasasanti,
pamdo garahito sad.
Appamdavaggo dutiyo.
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 65
3. Cittavagga
........ puyappaprahasya
......... nsti durgatito bhayam ||
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 68
Pi 42 [3.10] Citta
diso disa yanta kayir
ver v pana verina
micchpaihita citta
ppiyo na tato kare.
Pi 43 [3.11] Citta
na ta mt pit kayir
ae v pi ca tak
sammpaihita citta
seyyaso na tato kare.
Cittavaggo tatiyo.
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 70
4. Pupphavagga
Udnavarga 6.18 la
alpamtro hy aya gandho
yo ya tagaracandant |
yas tu lavat gandho
vti devev apha sa ||
Pupphavaggo catuttho.
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 76
5. Blavagga
Pi 61 [5.2] Bla
cara ce ndhigaccheyya
seyya sadisam attano,
ekacariya daha kayir,
natthi ble sahyat.
Mlasarvstivdivinaya
(Gilgit III.ii.185)
cara cen ndigaccheta
reya sadam tmana |
ekacary dh kuryn
nsti ble sahyat ||
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 77
Pi 62 [5.3] Bla
putt matthi dhanam matthi
iti blo vihaati,
att hi attano natthi
kuto putt, kuto dhana.
Divyvadna p. 490
yo blo blabhvena
paitas tatra tena sa |
bla paitamn tu
sa vai bla ihocyate ||
Pi 69 [5.10] Bla
madhuv maati blo,
yva ppa na paccati,
yad ca paccati ppa,
atha (blo) dukkha nigacchati.
na so buddhe prasdasya
kalm arghati oa ||
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 82
Blavaggo pacamo.
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 85
6. Paitavagga
Pi 80 [6.5] Paita
udaka hi nayanti nettik,
usukr namayanti tejana,
dru namayanti tacchak,
attna damayanti pait.
Paitavaggo chaho.
7. Arahantavagga
na nikete ramanti te |
hasavat palvala hitv
hy okam ogha jahante te ||
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 92
Pi 95 [7.6] Arahanta
pahavisamo no virujjhati,
indakhlpamo tdi subbato,
rahado va apetakaddamo,
sasr na bhavanti tdino.
Arahantavaggo sattamo.
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 95
8. Sahassavagga
yo caika bhvittmna
muhrtam api pjayet |
s ekapjan reyo
na ca varaata huta ||
Sahassavaggo ahamo.
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 106
9. Ppavagga
Divyvadna p. 561
naivntarke na samudramadhye
na parvatn vivara praviya |
na vidyate sa pthivpradeo
yatra sthita na prasaheta karma ||
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 112
Ppavaggo navamo.
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 113
10. Daavagga
ea prpto si nirva
sarambhas te na vidyate ||
Daavaggo dasamo.
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 122
11. Jarvagga
ko nu haro ko nu nando
eva prajvalite sad |
andhakrasmi prakipt
[loka na prakatha] ||
Divyvadna p. 561
ynmnyapaviddhni
[vikiptni dio daa] |
kapotavarnyasthni
tni dveha k rati ||
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 124
aneka jtisasra
sadhvitv puna puna |
ghakrakaiamas tva
dukh jti punah puna ||
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 126
Jarvaggo ekdasamo.
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 128
12. Attavagga
Attavaggo dvdasamo.
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 133
13. Lokavagga
Avadnaataka 1 p. 220
dharma caret sucarita
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 134
Lokavaggo terasamo.
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 138
14. Buddhavagga
Mahvastu iii. p. 91
yasya jita ntha jvati
jitam asya na jinti antako |
ta buddham anantagocara
apada kena padena neyatha ||
Mahvastu iii. p. 92
yasya jlin samhat
t nsya kahi pi netrik |
ta buddham anantavikrama
apada kena padena neyatha ||
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 139
svacittaparydpana
etad buddhnusana ||
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 141
Divyvadna p. 224
na krpaavarena
tpti kmeu vidyate |
alpsvdn bahudukhn
kmn vijya paita ||
Divyvadna p. 224
api divyeu kmeu
rati naivdhigacchati |
tkaye rato bhavati
samyaksabuddharvaka ||
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 143
Divyvadna p. 164
bahava araa ynti
parvat ca vanni ca |
rm caityavk ca
manuy bhayavarjit ||
Divyvadna p. 164
na hyetaccharaa reha
naitac charaam uttamam |
naitac charaam gamya
sarvadukht pramucyate ||
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 144
Divyvadna p. 164
yas tu buddha ca dharma ca
sagha ca araa gata |
ryasatyni catvri
payati prajay sad ||
Divyvadna p. 164
dukha dukhasamutpanna
nirodha samatikramam |
rya cgika mrga
kema nirvagminm ||
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 145
Divyvadna p. 164
etac charaa reha
etac charaam uttamam |
etac charaam gamya
[sarvadukht pramucyate] ||
Buddhavaggo cuddasamo.
Pahamakabhavra.
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 147
15. Sukhavagga
Avadnaataka 1 p. 57
jayo vaira prasavati
dukha ete parjita |
<upanta> sukha ete
hitv jayaparjayam ||
Sukhavaggo paarasamo.
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 152
16. Piyavagga
Avadnaataka 1 p. 191
priyebhyo jyate oka
priyebhyo jyate bhayam |
priyebhyo vipramuktn
nsti oka kuto bhayam ||
chandajto hy avasrv
manasnvilo bhavet |
kmeu tv apratibaddhacitta
rdvasroto nirucyate ||
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 156
Piyavaggo soasamo.
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 157
17. Kodhavagga
kyaducarita hitv
kyena sukta caret ||
Kodhavaggo sattarasamo.
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 163
18. Malavagga
samdhim adhigacchati ||
Malavaggo ahrasamo.
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 170
19. Dhammahavagga
mharpo aviddasu,
yo ca tula va paggayha
varam dya paito,
Dhammahavaggo eknavsatimo.
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 176
20. Maggavagga
Udnavarga 6.20 la
[ea kemagamo mrga
ea mrgo viuddhaye] |
pratipannak prahsyanti
dhyyino mrabandhanam ||
Udnavarga 6.15 la
[etad dhi dv iketa]
sad leu paita |
nirvagamana mrga
kipram eva viodhayet ||
Maggavaggo vsatimo.
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 184
21. Pakiakavagga
Pakiakavaggo Ekavsatimo.
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 192
22. Nirayavagga
katt hi ocante
narakeu samarpit ||
Nirayavaggo dvvsatimo.
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 198
23. Ngavagga
Mlasarvstivdivinaya
(Gilgit III.ii.185)
sa cel labheta nipaka sahyika
srdhacara sdhuvihridhram |
abhibhya sarvi parisravi
careta tenttaman pratismta ||
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 202
Mlasarvstivdivinaya
(Gilgit III.ii.185)
no cel labheta nipaka sahyika
srdhacara sdhuvihridhram |
rjeva rra vipula prahya
eka caren na ca ppni kuryt ||
Mlasarvstivdivinaya
(Gilgit III.ii.185)
ekasya carita reyo
na tu ble sahyat |
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 203
Ngavaggo tevsatimo.
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 206
24. Tahvagga
Udnavarga 3.9 T
ya et sahate grmy
t loke sudustyajm |
oks tasya nivardhante
hy avav bra yath ||
Udnavarga 3.10 T
yas tv et tyajate grmy
t loke sudustyajm |
oks tasya nivartante
udabindur iva pukart ||
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 207
Udnavarga 3.16 T
yathpi mlair anupadrutai sad
chinno pi vka punar eva jyate |
eva hi tnuayair anuddhtair
nivartate dukham ida puna puna ||
Udnavarga 3.5 T
saritni vai snehitni vai
saumanasyni bhavanti jantuna |
ye stasit sukhaiias
te vai jtijaropag nar ||
Udnavarga 3.6 T
tbhir upaskt praj
paridhvanti a va vgurm |
sayojanai sagasakt
dukha ynti puna puna cirartram ||
Udnavarga 3.6 T
tbhir upaskt praj
paridhvanti a va vgurm |
[sayojanai sagasakt
dukha ynti puna puna cirartram] ||
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 210
Udnavarga 3.1 T
vitarkapramathitasya jantunas
tvrargasya ubhnudarina |
bhyas t pravardhate
gha hy ea karoti bandhanam ||
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 212
Udnavarga 3.2 T
vitarkavyupaame tu yo rato
hy aubh bhvayate sad smta |
[t hy ea prahsyate
sa tu khalu ptikaroti bandhanam] ||
Tahvaggo catuvsatimo.
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 217
25. Bhikkhuvagga
Bhikkhuvaggo pacavsatimo.
A Comparative Edition of the Dhammapada - 229
26. Brhmaavagga
Brhmaavaggo chabbsatimo.
249
Comparative Dhammapada
Word Index
(Indian order of letters)
In this index the reference number for the parallel
refers to the Pi verse number.
For example to find the 1st word in this index
Patna: aa, 165 go to Pi verse 165, and check the Patna parallel.
Only words identified as being in a parallel line have been indexed here,
therefore words in lines printed in square brackets have not been included.
A I U E O
KA KHA GA GHA
CA CHA JA JHA A
A HA A HA
TA THA DA DHA NA
PA PHA BA BHA MA
YA RA LA VA SA HA
Comparative Dhammapada Word Index - 250
api, 20, 65, 100, 101, 107, 121, 122, 151, appauto, 152 Patna
187, 224, 259, 284, 346 Udnavarga appasattho, 123 Pi
api, 65, 100, 101, 106, 107, 187 Patna appasttho, 123 Patna
api, 65, 100, 101, 106, 107, 187, 196 Pi appassd, 186 Pi
apicha, 404 Gndhr appassutya, 152 Pi
apha, 19, 56 Udnavarga app, 224 Patna
apu, 121, 122 Gndhr appmtro, 56 Patna
apualbha, 309 Patna appssd, 186 Patna
apualbho, 310 Patna appik, 310 Patna
apualbha, 309 Pi appiccha, 404 Patna
apualbho, 310 Pi appiccha, 404 Pi
apuyalbha, 309 Udnavarga appiyna, 210 Pi
apuyalbha, 310 Udnavarga appiyehi, 210 Pi
aputhujjanasevita, 272 Pi appiyo, 77 Pi
apthagjanasevita, 272 Mahvastu & appussuko, 330 Patna
Other Texts appo, 174 Pi
apthujjanasevita, 272 Patna appossukko, 330 Pi
apekh, 345 Patna apraassa, 372 Patna
apekh, 345 Pi aprakabhia, 245 Gndhr
apetakaddamo, 95 Pi apraasa, 372 Gndhr
apetadamasauratyo, 9 Udnavarga apratibaddhacitta, 218 Udnavarga
apetavinyo, 41 Patna aprate, 272 Gndhr
apetavio, 41 Pi apraduasya, 125 Udnavarga
apeto, 9 Patna apraduassa, 125 Patna
apeto, 9 Pi apramata, 21 Gndhr
appa, 20 Patna apramatasa, 24 Gndhr
appak, 85 Patna apramatu, 29 Gndhr
appak, 85 Pi apramato, 27 Gndhr
appaibaddhacitto, 218 Pi apramatta, 27, 29 Udnavarga
appatto, 272 Pi apramattasya, 24 Udnavarga
appaduhassa, 125 Pi apramattassa, 24 Patna
appaduhesu, 137 Pi apramatt, 21 Patna
appabodhati, 143 Pi apramatt, 21 Udnavarga
appam, 20, 259 Pi apramatt, 23 Udnavarga
appam, 259 Patna apramatto, 29 Patna
appamattassa, 24 Pi apramada, 26, 30 Gndhr
appamatt, 21 Pi apramadarada, 327 Gndhr
appamatto, 27, 29, 56 Pi apramadaradu, 31, 32 Gndhr
appamda, 30 Pi apramadaviharia, 57 Gndhr
appamda, 26 Pi apramadasa, 22 Gndhr
appamdamhi, 22 Pi apramadi, 22 Gndhr
appamdarat, 327 Pi apramadu, 21 Gndhr
appamdarato, 31, 32 Pi apramadea, 25, 28, 30 Gndhr
appamdavihrina, 57 Pi apramda, 22, 26, 30 Udnavarga
appamde, 22 Pi apramdagaru, 31, 32 Patna
appamdena, 28, 30 Pi apramdan, 26 Patna
appamdo, 21 Pi apramdamhi, 22 Patna
appalbho, 366 Patna apramdarat, 327 Patna
appalbho, 366 Pi apramdarat, 327 Udnavarga
Comparative Dhammapada Word Index - 257
361, 363, 369, 375, 377, 385, 389, 391, candim, 172, 173, 208, 382, 387 Pi
393, 398, 399, 405, 407, 410, 412, 418, candram, 172, 208, 387 Patna
419, 423 Udnavarga candram, 172, 173, 382, 387 Udnavarga
cako, 1 Gndhr candro, 413 Udnavarga
cakka, 1 Pi capala, 33 Patna
cakkhun, 360 Pi capala, 33 Pi
cakkhum, 273 Patna capala, 33 Udnavarga
cakkhum, 273 Pi cayi, 290 Gndhr
cakra, 1 Udnavarga cara, 49 Gndhr
cakram, 1 Patna cara, 61 Mahvastu & Other Texts
caku, 360 Mahvastu & Other Texts cara, 61 Udnavarga
cakum, 273 Udnavarga cara, 61 Pi
cakhuma, 273 Gndhr carati, 267 Pi
cakhkuma, 279 Gndhr carati, 294 Patna
caje, 290 Patna caratha, 243 Patna
caje, 290 Pi caradi, 267 Gndhr
cahagika, 191 Pi caranti, 66 Patna
cata, 13 Gndhr caranti, 66 Pi
catuttha, 309 Patna caranti, 66 Udnavarga
catuttha, 309 Pi caram, 305 Pi
catubbhgam, 108 Patna caro, 144 Patna
catubhgam, 108 Pi cari, 168, 169 Gndhr
caturo, 273 Patna carita, 330 Mahvastu & Other Texts
caturo, 273 Pi carita, 330 Patna
caturtham, 309 Udnavarga carita, 330 Pi
caturbhga, 108 Gndhr carita, 330 Udnavarga
caturbhga, 108 Patna care, 49, 168, 169, 231, 232, 233, 329, 330,
caturbhga, 108 Pi 365 Pi
caturbhga, 108 Udnavarga care, 49, 168, 169, 231, 232, 233, 365 Patna
caturbhgam, 108 Mahvastu & Other carea, 142 Gndhr
Texts caret, 107, 169 Mahvastu & Other Texts
caturbhgam, 108 Udnavarga caret, 49, 168, 169, 231, 232, 233
cattri, 190, 309 Patna Udnavarga
cattri, 190, 309 Pi careta, 142, 144, 328 Udnavarga
cattro, 109 Pi careta, 328 Mahvastu & Other Texts
catvari, 109, 309 Gndhr caretha, 142 Mahvastu & Other Texts
catvri, 190 Mahvastu & Other Texts cared, 330 Mahvastu & Other Texts
catvri, 190, 309 Udnavarga cared, 330 Udnavarga
catvry, 273 Udnavarga caren, 329 Mahvastu & Other Texts
cadubhaku, 108 Gndhr caren, 329, 330 Udnavarga
caddhag, 302 Pi carey, 142, 328 Patna
cadrimu, 208, 387 Gndhr careyya, 142, 328 Pi
cana, 5 Udnavarga cavadhivadida, 320 Gndhr
canaa, 54 Gndhr cavala, 33 Gndhr
canda, 413 Pi c, 11 Patna
candana, 54, 55 Patna cktaja, 97 Udnavarga
candana, 54, 55 Pi ctmabhi, 66 Udnavarga
candanc, 55 Udnavarga ctmna, 103, 209 Udnavarga
candand, 54 Udnavarga ctra, 99 Udnavarga
Comparative Dhammapada Word Index - 277
cdhimuktnm, 226 Udnavarga citta, 13, 14, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 88, 89,
cnimitta, 92, 93 Udnavarga 116, 371 Patna
cnupdya, 414 Udnavarga citta, 13, 14, 33, 34, 35, 42, 43, 89, 116
cnupdyam, 89 Udnavarga Udnavarga
cnusmara, 364 Udnavarga cittakata, 147 Pi
cptikr, 156 Udnavarga cittakkhepa, 138 Pi
cptikhitt, 156 Pi cittaklesehi, 88 Pi
cptipatite, 320 Patna cittakepam, 138 Udnavarga
cpto, 320 Pi cittam, 40, 326 Pi
cpd, 320 Udnavarga cittam, 40, 326, 371 Udnavarga
cpdhikinno, 156 Patna cittam, 40, 327 Patna
cpi, 142 Mahvastu & Other Texts cittasya, 35 Udnavarga
cpi, 55, 63, 142, 172, 306 Patna cittassa, 35 Pi
cpi, 8, 55, 142, 421 Udnavarga cittassa, 35, 374 Patna
cpy, 7, 12, 228, 394, 412 Udnavarga citte, 154 Udnavarga
cprjo, 140 Udnavarga citra, 171 Udnavarga
cbhayadaino, 317 Patna citrakta, 147 Udnavarga
cbhayadassino, 317 Pi cid, 108, 179, 390, 408, 409 Udnavarga
cbhinandanti, 219 Udnavarga cira, 248 Pi
cbhirametryo, 88 Udnavarga cira, 342 Patna
cbhu, 228 Patna cirappavsi, 219 Pi
cya, 104 Pi cirapravsina, 219 Udnavarga
cyujya, 209 Udnavarga cirartram, 342 Udnavarga
crati, 418 Udnavarga cirya, 342 Pi
crika, 326 Pi cuti, 419 Pi
crik, 326 Udnavarga cuttaribhvaye, 370 Pi
creta, 142 Mahvastu & Other Texts cudi, 419 Gndhr
cryasatyni, 190 Udnavarga cbhaya, 404 Patna
cvajjadassino, 318 Pi cbhaya, 404 Pi
cvajjasaino, 318 Patna ce, 1, 2, 19, 20, 61, 64, 65, 100, 101, 102,
c, 410 Udnavarga 106, 107, 117, 118, 124, 142, 157, 159,
cgika, 191 Mahvastu & Other 229, 267, 290, 308, 313, 329, 366 Pi
Texts ce, 19, 20, 64, 65, 100, 117, 118, 124, 157,
cgika, 191 Udnavarga 158, 290, 329, 366 Patna
csabhyc, 77 Udnavarga cet, 20, 117, 118, 136, 157, 382 Udnavarga
csradassino, 11 Pi ceta, 250 Patna
csrasajina, 11 Udnavarga ceta, 250, 263, 336 Pi
csmi, 353 Udnavarga cetarahi, 228 Patna
csya, 72, 124 Udnavarga cetarahi, 228 Pi
cha, 306 Pi cetas, 79 Pi
cha, 396 Pi cetas, 79 Udnavarga
chu, 228 Pi cetas, 79, 234 Patna
ci, 180 Patna cet, 336 Patna
ci, 363, 409 Gndhr ced, 64, 396 Udnavarga
cic, 312 Udnavarga cedaso, 79 Gndhr
cit, 74, 133 Udnavarga cen, 61 Mahvastu & Other Texts
cita, 14, 33, 371 Gndhr cena, 118 Patna
citta, 13, 14, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 42, 43, 89, ceyam, 104 Udnavarga
116, 154, 171, 371 Pi cel, 328, 329 Mahvastu & Other Texts
Comparative Dhammapada Word Index - 278
dhro, 28, 122, 177, 193, 207, 261, 290 Pi 393, 397, 401, 405, 409, 410, 420, 421
dhro, 28, 177, 290 Patna Udnavarga
dhro, 28, 418 Udnavarga na, 3, 6, 70, 106, 107, 108, 127, 141, 146,
dhuva, 147 Pi 179, 186, 189, 193, 266, 271, 329, 330, 364
dhorayhasla, 208 Pi Mahvastu & Other Texts
dhorekaila, 208 Gndhr na, 8, 9, 14, 19, 21, 50, 54, 57, 70, 76, 81, 83,
dhoreyalavratamantam, 208 Patna 84, 106, 107, 108, 117, 121, 122, 141, 146,
dhynaprast, 181 Udnavarga 151, 158, 166, 167, 168, 172, 179, 193,
dhyyato, 110 Mahvastu & Other Texts 224, 227, 228, 259, 260, 266, 271, 280,
dhyyante, 155 Udnavarga 288, 291, 306, 316, 345, 348, 364, 367,
dhyyina, 386 Udnavarga 389, 390, 393, 396, 401, 405, 409, 420
dhyyina, 111 Udnavarga Gndhr
dhyyino, 276 Udnavarga na, 1, 2, 117, 157, 158, 162, 169, 230, 392
dhyy, 27, 387, 414 Udnavarga Patna
dhruvasthiti, 147 Udnavarga na, 1, 2, 42, 43, 157, 162, 169, 230 Pi
dhvki, 244 Udnavarga nakara, 150 Gndhr
na, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 14, 19, 21, 38, 43, 50, 54, 57, nako, 320 Gndhr
64, 67, 69, 70, 71, 76, 78, 81, 83, 84, 90, nakkhattapatha, 208 Pi
91, 95, 99, 105, 106, 107, 108, 117, 119, nakkhattapathe, 208 Patna
120, 121, 122, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, nakatrapatha, 208 Gndhr
132, 134, 136, 141, 146, 151, 152, 154, nagara, 150 Udnavarga
158, 166, 167, 169, 170, 177, 179, 184, nagara, 150, 315 Pi
186, 193, 196, 211, 224, 225, 228, 235, nagara, 315 Patna
237, 238, 249, 256, 258, 259, 260, 262, nagarpama, 40 Pi
264, 266, 268, 270, 271, 280, 281, 284, nagaropama, 40 Patna
286, 288, 291, 293, 302, 304, 306, 309, nagaropama, 40 Udnavarga
310, 312, 316, 323, 324, 330, 345, 348, nagra, 415 Udnavarga
364, 367, 385, 389, 390, 393, 396, 397, naggacariy, 141 Patna
401, 405, 410, 411, 420 Pi naggacariy, 141 Pi
na, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 14, 19, 21, 38, 50, 54, 57, 70, nagnacary, 141 Mahvastu & Other Texts
71, 76, 78, 81, 83, 84, 90, 91, 99, 105, 106, nagnacary, 141 Udnavarga
107, 108, 117, 119, 120, 121, 122, 129, naea, 365 Gndhr
130, 131, 132, 134, 141, 146, 152, 166, nautapadi, 314 Gndhr
167, 168, 169, 170, 172, 177, 179, 184, nauvadadi, 221 Gndhr
186, 189, 193, 211, 224, 225, 227, 228, natthao, 274 Pi
235, 249, 259, 262, 264, 266, 271, 280, natthi, 39, 61, 62, 92, 124, 147, 171, 176,
281, 284, 286, 288, 291, 293, 306, 316, 180, 200, 202, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215,
330, 345, 348, 364, 385, 389, 393, 401 216, 227, 237, 251, 254, 255, 288, 330,
Patna 367, 372, 391, 421 Pi
na, 3, 5, 8, 14, 19, 21, 27, 38, 43, 50, 54, 57, natvahedu, 84 Gndhr
64, 67, 69, 70, 71, 76, 77, 78, 81, 83, 90, nadimaadi, 366 Gndhr
91, 99, 105, 106, 107, 108, 117, 119, 120, nadimaea, 365 Gndhr
124, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 134, nad, 251 Pi
136, 141, 146, 151, 154, 158, 166, 167, nad, 251 Udnavarga
168, 170, 172, 177, 179, 184, 186, 193, naddhi, 398 Pi
211, 224, 225, 228, 238, 259, 260, 262, naddhr, 398 Udnavarga
264, 266, 271, 280, 281, 284, 286, 288, nadhi, 398 Gndhr
291, 293, 304, 308, 312, 329, 330, 345, nadhikachadi, 11, 365 Gndhr
348, 353, 355, 364, 385, 389, 390, 391, nanadi, 16 Gndhr
Comparative Dhammapada Word Index - 292
Pi mamyita, 367 Pi
manas, 1, 2, 233, 234, 281, 361, 391 mamyitam, 367 Udnavarga
Udnavarga mameva, 74 Patna
manas, 1, 2, 233, 281, 361, 391 Patna mameva, 74 Pi
manas, 361 Mahvastu & Other Texts mayam, 6 Pi
manasnvilo, 218 Udnavarga may, 275 Patna
manaso, 390 Pi may, 275 Pi
manaso, 390 Udnavarga may, 275 Udnavarga
manpassavan, 339 Pi maraa, 243 Patna
manujasya, 334 Udnavarga maraanta, 148 Pi
manujassa, 334 Patna maratta, 148 Patna
manujassa, 334 Pi maranta, 148 Udnavarga
manuj, 103 Mahvastu & Other Texts marasa, 46 Gndhr
manujau, 306 Udnavarga mariyi, 46 Gndhr
manuy, 188 Mahvastu & Other Texts marcika, 170 Patna
manuy, 188 Patna marcika, 170 Pi
manuy, 188, 321 Udnavarga marcikm, 170 Udnavarga
manuy, 321 Udnavarga marcidhamma, 46 Patna
manuyeu, 85, 197, 198, 199 Udnavarga marcidhamma, 46 Pi
manuyesu, 85, 197, 199, 321 Patna marcidharma, 46 Udnavarga
manussapailbho, 182 Pi maro, 57 Gndhr
manuss, 188 Pi margamargasa, 403 Gndhr
manussesu, 85, 197, 198, 199, 321 Pi martya, 141 Udnavarga
mano, 116, 300, 301 Pi martyam, 220 Udnavarga
mano, 96, 116, 300, 301 Patna martyena, 53 Udnavarga
mano, 96, 390 Udnavarga mala, 388 Gndhr
manojav, 1, 2 Patna mala, 240, 241, 242, 243, 388 Pi
manojav, 1, 2 Udnavarga mala, 243 Patna
manoduccarita, 233 Patna mala, 240 Udnavarga
manoduccarita, 233 Pi malagua, 53 Gndhr
manoducarita, 233 Udnavarga malatara, 243 Patna
manopakopa, 233 Pi malatara, 243 Pi
manopubbagam, 1, 2 Pi malam, 239 Patna
manoprvvagam, 1, 2 Patna malam, 239 Pi
manomay, 1, 2 Pi malam, 239 Udnavarga
manorama, 58 Patna mal, 242, 243 Pi
manorama, 58 Pi maln, 388 Udnavarga
manoramam, 58 Udnavarga malia, 54 Gndhr
manoreh, 1, 2 Patna malitthiy, 242 Pi
manoseh, 1, 2 Pi malua, 162 Gndhr
mantabh, 363 Pi malut, 162 Patna
mant, 241 Pi male, 243 Patna
mantbh, 363 Patna malo, 240, 241, 242 Patna
mandabh, 363 Udnavarga mavadi, 272 Gndhr
mandam, 325 Udnavarga masamasi, 106 Gndhr
mando, 325 Pi masuru, 363 Gndhr
manyate, 69 Udnavarga mahagghaso, 325 Pi
manyeta, 121, 122 Udnavarga mahaddhano, 123 Patna
manyey, 122 Patna mahaddhano, 123 Pi
Comparative Dhammapada Word Index - 315
yas, 10, 56, 172, 190, 222, 259, 265, 267, yvaj, 333 Udnavarga
336, 409, 412 Udnavarga yvaj, 64, 333 Patna
yas, 190 Mahvastu & Other Texts yvajvam, 64 Pi
yasa, 162, 367, 372, 385, 390, 420, 421 yvajjva, 64 Udnavarga
Gndhr yvat, 69, 119 Udnavarga
yasobhivahati, 24 Pi yvat, 258, 259, 266 Pi
yasobhogasamappito, 303 Pi yvat, 259, 260, 266, 284 Udnavarga
yasya, 179, 180 Mahvastu & Other Texts yvat, 259, 266, 284 Patna
yasya, 391, 407 Gndhr yvat, 266 Mahvastu & Other Texts
yasya, 67, 68, 147, 173, 179, 180, 250, 367, yvad, 72 Patna
385, 391, 392, 393, 407, 410, 420, 421 yvad, 72 Pi
Udnavarga yvad, 72, 120 Udnavarga
yasylayo, 411 Udnavarga yvanta, 337 Udnavarga
yasyendriyi, 94 Udnavarga yvantettha, 337 Pi
yassa, 67, 68, 89, 162, 179, 180, 250, 339, yi, 163, 168, 169, 228, 371 Gndhr
385, 391 Patna yiha, 108 Pi
yassa, 67, 68, 93, 147, 162, 173, 179, 180, yu, 315, 337 Gndhr
250, 263, 339, 367, 385, 389, 391, 407, yukta, 8 Udnavarga
410, 420, 421 Pi yukto, 224 Udnavarga
yasslay, 411 Pi yuji, 209 Gndhr
yasssav, 93 Pi yujya, 209 Udnavarga
yassindriyni, 94 Pi yujyate, 382 Udnavarga
yassendriyi, 94 Patna yujati, 382 Pi
y, 104, 331, 345 Pi yujam, 209 Pi
y, 331 Mahvastu & Other Texts yujiyttna, 209 Patna
y, 345 Patna yudhyeta, 40 Udnavarga
y, 345 Udnavarga yuv, 280 Patna
y, 100, 101 Mahvastu & Other Texts yuv, 280 Pi
ycito, 224 Patna yumbhir, 276 Udnavarga
ycito, 224 Pi yuha, 404 Gndhr
yti, 29 Patna ye, 21, 164, 347 Gndhr
yti, 29, 179, 294, 295 Pi ye, 3, 4, 21, 85, 86, 92, 181, 341
yti, 29, 294, 295, 321 Udnavarga Udnavarga
ynimni, 149 Pi ye, 3, 4, 6 Mahvastu & Other Texts
ynmny, 149 Udnavarga ye, 3, 4, 6, 21, 37, 50, 74, 85, 86, 89, 92, 159,
ynmnyapaviddhni, 149 Mahvastu & 165, 181, 225, 341 Patna
Other Texts ye, 3, 4, 6, 21, 37, 85, 86, 89, 92, 181, 225,
ynehi, 323 Pi 347 Pi
ynti, 126, 175, 188, 225 Patna yeti, 280 Patna
ynti, 175, 188, 225, 342 Udnavarga yena, 270 Pi
ynti, 188 Mahvastu & Other Texts yena, 326 Udnavarga
yma, 157 Pi yenattha, 256 Pi
yma, 157 Udnavarga yenassa, 260 Pi
ymna, 157, 158 Patna yenicchaka, 326 Pi
yya, 408 Pi yenecchaka, 326 Udnavarga
yya, 56 Pi yeva, 47 Gndhr
yva, 119, 120 Patna yeva, 48, 106, 107 Pi
yva, 69, 119, 120, 284, 333 Pi yea, 200, 293, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301
yvat, 337 Patna Gndhr
Comparative Dhammapada Word Index - 320
ye, 92, 93, 200, 211, 293, 296, 297, 298, yoekamatrasabhamu, 396 Gndhr
299, 300, 301 Udnavarga yotivkya, 321 Pi
yes, 89 Udnavarga yodha, 267, 409, 412, 415, 416 Pi
yesa, 92 Pi yodhetha, 40 Pi
yesa, 92, 93 Patna yodheya, 40 Patna
yesa, 200, 211, 293 Patna yonija, 396 Pi
yesa, 89, 92, 200, 211, 296, 297, 298, 299, yonija, 396 Udnavarga
300, 301 Pi yonias, 326 Udnavarga
yesa, 293 Pi yoniso, 326 Pi
yes, 93 Patna yobbane, 155, 156 Pi
yes, 92, 299, 300, 301 Patna yoya, 56 Patna
yo, 63, 103, 106, 107, 110, 112, 113, 114, yovvane, 155, 156 Patna
115, 267, 368 Mahvastu & Other Texts yauvane, 155, 156 Udnavarga
yo, 9, 10, 31, 32, 76, 84, 102, 103, 106, 107, rasanti, 99 Patna
110, 112, 113, 114, 115, 118, 172, 222, rasyante, 99 Udnavarga
229, 259, 265, 267, 290, 291, 306, 363, raka, 369, 377 Gndhr
366, 368, 389, 390, 399, 401, 402, 405, rakarata, 347 Gndhr
409, 412, 415, 419, 423 Gndhr raku, 7, 8, 13, 14 Gndhr
yo, 9, 10, 56, 63, 97, 102, 103, 106, 107, 110, rako, 150, 407 Gndhr
111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 125, 131, 132, rakkhat, 241 Patna
137, 143, 164, 172, 190, 222, 246, 247, rakkhati, 26 Patna
249, 256, 259, 265, 267, 268, 269, 306, rakkhati, 26 Pi
336, 344, 350, 363, 368, 382, 397, 399, rakkhato, 241 Pi
401, 402, 405, 414, 419, 423 Pi rakkhatha, 315 Patna
yo, 9, 10, 56, 63, 97, 102, 103, 106, 107, 110, rakkhe, 40 Patna
111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 125, 131, 132, rakkhe, 40 Pi
164, 172, 190, 249, 259, 265, 267, 281, rakkhetha, 36 Pi
291, 306, 321, 336, 344, 363, 368, 401 rakkheya, 36 Patna
Patna rakkhey, 157, 158, 231, 232, 233 Patna
yo, 9, 56, 63, 70, 97, 103, 106, 107, 110, 112, rakkheyya, 157, 231, 232, 233 Pi
113, 114, 115, 125, 131, 132, 137, 162, rakati, 26 Udnavarga
249, 259, 267, 321, 322, 325, 344, 350, rakadi, 26 Gndhr
368, 397, 399, 401, 405, 408, 411, 415, raketa, 231, 232, 233 Udnavarga
419, 423 Udnavarga raked, 40, 157 Udnavarga
yoaseva, 209 Gndhr rakhka, 7 Gndhr
yoi, 280 Gndhr raja, 313 Pi
yoga, 417 Pi raja, 125, 313 Udnavarga
yogakkhema, 23 Pi rajatasyaiva, 239 Udnavarga
yogakemam, 23 Udnavarga rajatasseva, 239 Patna
yogacchema, 23 Patna rajatasseva, 239 Pi
yogamhi, 209 Patna rajo, 125 Patna
yogasmi, 209 Pi rajo, 125 Pi
yog, 282 Patna rajocela, 141 Patna
yog, 282 Pi rajojala, 141 Mahvastu & Other Texts
yogd, 282 Udnavarga rajomala, 141 Udnavarga
yoge, 209 Udnavarga raha, 84, 294, 329 Pi
yojana, 60 Patna rahapia, 308 Pi
yojana, 60 Pi raha, 294 Gndhr
yojanam, 60 Udnavarga rahapia, 308 Gndhr
Comparative Dhammapada Word Index - 321
lavantasya, 110 Mahvastu & Other Texts eti, 168, 169, 201 Patna
lavantassa, 110 Patna ete, 169, 201 Mahvastu & Other Texts
lav, 84 Patna ete, 79, 168, 169, 201 Udnavarga
lavratamtrea, 271 Mahvastu & Other edi, 169 Gndhr
Texts enti, 156 Patna
lavratamtrea, 271 Udnavarga enti, 156 Udnavarga
lavrateneva, 271 Patna ela, 8 Gndhr
lena, 303 Udnavarga ela, 8 Patna
leu, 229, 289 Udnavarga elu, 81 Gndhr
lehi, 10 Patna elo, 81 Patna
uat, 92, 93 Patna aika, 45 Udnavarga
ukrgga, 72 Patna ailam, 8 Udnavarga
ukre, 87 Patna ailo, 81 Udnavarga
ukl, 87 Udnavarga oio, 28 Gndhr
ukla, 72 Udnavarga oka, 212 Mahvastu & Other Texts
ucikammassa, 24 Patna oka, 212, 214, 215 Udnavarga
ucigandha, 58 Patna ok, 212, 335, 336 Patna
ucigandhi, 58 Udnavarga oks, 335, 336 Udnavarga
ucigavei, 245 Patna okini, 28 Patna
ucigavei, 245 Udnavarga okin, 28 Udnavarga
ucir, 393 Udnavarga oko, 214 Udnavarga
uce, 110 Udnavarga ocati, 315 Patna
uakare, 373 Gndhr ocati, 15, 207, 225 Patna
uddhasya, 125 Udnavarga ocati, 15, 225 Udnavarga
uddhassa, 125 Patna ocate, 367 Udnavarga
uddhjvi, 366 Patna ocante, 315 Udnavarga
uddhjv, 376 Patna ott, 100, 102 Patna
uddhjvena, 245 Patna ottna, 82 Patna
uddhjvena, 245 Udnavarga otria, 294 Gndhr
uddhjvo, 376 Udnavarga oddh, 165 Patna
uddho, 413 Udnavarga odheta, 141 Udnavarga
udhayiva, 376 Gndhr odhenti, 141 Patna
udhayivu, 366 Gndhr oyadi, 15, 315, 367 Gndhr
udhayivea, 245 Gndhr oyiu, 207 Gndhr
unyat, 92, 93 Udnavarga raddhapalbho, 333 Patna
unygra, 373 Udnavarga raddh, 249, 333 Udnavarga
unyo, 41 Udnavarga raddh, 333 Patna
ubh, 281 Udnavarga raddhya, 144 Patna
ubhnudarina, 7 Udnavarga raddho, 303 Patna
ubhnudarina, 349 Udnavarga ramaa, 142 Mahvastu & Other Texts
ubhnupai, 7 Patna ramaa, 142, 264, 388 Udnavarga
ubhubham, 229, 409 Udnavarga ramao, 142 Mahvastu & Other Texts
uyigameio, 245 Gndhr ramao, 142 Patna
uhaupai, 7 Gndhr ramao, 142 Pi
uhauhu, 229, 409 Gndhr ramao, 142, 184, 254, 255 Udnavarga
eadi, 168 Gndhr ramao, 142, 265, 388 Gndhr
ekho, 45 Patna rddhas, 144, 177 Udnavarga
ehi, 26 Gndhr rddh, 303 Udnavarga
eho, 273 Gndhr rntasya, 60 Udnavarga
Comparative Dhammapada Word Index - 332
sata, 54, 151 Pi sad, 79, 104, 299, 300, 301 Patna
satata, 76, 280, 353 Udnavarga sadtthaparamo, 166 Patna
sat, 54, 77, 151 Udnavarga sadi, 288 Gndhr
sat, 77, 206 Patna sadii, 32, 224, 372 Gndhr
satn, 54 Patna sadisam, 61 Pi
satna, 293 Pi sadu, 383 Gndhr
satn, 293 Patna saduhi, 204, 375 Gndhr
sati, 146 Patna sadam, 61 Mahvastu & Other Texts
sati, 146 Udnavarga sadevaka, 44, 45 Gndhr
sati, 146, 293, 296, 297, 298, 299 Pi sadevaka, 44, 45 Patna
satim, 379 Patna sadevaka, 44, 45 Pi
satim, 379 Pi sadevakam, 44, 45 Udnavarga
sat, 293, 299 Patna sadaiva, 280 Udnavarga
satmata, 181 Pi sado, 146, 151 Gndhr
satmat, 181 Patna saddha, 8 Pi
satmato, 24 Patna saddhamam, 38, 60 Patna
satmato, 24 Pi saddhamma, 38, 60 Pi
satmanto, 91 Patna saddhammadesan, 194 Pi
satmanto, 91 Pi saddhammasavana, 182 Pi
satm, 328 Patna saddhamm, 364 Pi
satm, 328 Pi saddharma, 82 Udnavarga
sato, 350 Pi saddharmam, 38, 60 Udnavarga
satkra, 73, 75 Udnavarga saddharmn, 364 Mahvastu & Other Texts
satktyaina, 392 Udnavarga saddh, 333 Pi
satt, 316, 317, 318 Patna saddhya, 144 Pi
satt, 316, 317, 318, 319 Pi saddhicara, 328, 329 Pi
sattna, 419 Pi saddho, 303 Pi
satpurua, 54 Udnavarga sadya, 71 Udnavarga
satpuru, 83 Udnavarga sadhamaramaa, 182 Gndhr
satya, 224, 393 Udnavarga sadharma, 364 Gndhr
satyata, 273 Udnavarga sadhu, 163, 361 Gndhr
satyavdinam, 217 Udnavarga sadhujivao, 217 Gndhr
satyena, 223 Udnavarga sadhua, 223 Gndhr
satva, 316, 317 Gndhr sanadhu, 387 Gndhr
satvaa, 419 Gndhr sanantano, 5 Pi
satv, 316 Udnavarga santana, 5 Mahvastu & Other Texts
satvnm, 419 Udnavarga santana, 5 Udnavarga
satsanasagapamao, 280 Gndhr santano, 5 Patna
satsu, 151 Udnavarga santa, 96, 368, 381 Pi
sada, 30, 79, 151, 206 Gndhr santa, 83, 304 Udnavarga
sadaa, 54, 293, 398 Gndhr santakyo, 378 Pi
sadaeu, 406 Gndhr santacittassa, 373 Pi
sadatthapasuto, 166 Pi santarabhira, 315 Pi
sadaruvu, 262, 263 Gndhr santav, 378 Pi
sad, 146, 190 Mahvastu & Other Texts santavco, 378 Pi
sad, 21, 27, 30, 75, 110, 111, 165, 181, 187, santassa, 60 Pi
206, 289, 338, 350, 376, 411 Udnavarga sant, 96 Pi
sad, 30, 79, 206, 226, 296, 297, 298, 299, santi, 288 Patna
300, 301, 350 Pi santi, 288 Pi
Comparative Dhammapada Word Index - 336