MTech Poly SC Eng
MTech Poly SC Eng
MTech Poly SC Eng
For
SEMESTER - II
SEMESTER IV
ELECTIVES
Elective I
Elective - II
Elective III
PTY009 - Adhesives & Surface coatings 0 0 0 3
PTY010 - Polymer Recycling & Waste Management 0 0 0 3
PTY011 Polymers for Electronics 0 0 0 3
PTY012 - Tyre Technology 0 0 0 3
Elective - IV
Laplace transform methods for one dimensional wave equation - Displacements in a string
Longitudinal vibration of an elastic bar - Fourier transform methods for one- dimentional heat
conduction problems in infinite and semi-infinite rod.
One dimensional stress deformation - global and local co-ordinates, one dimentional
problems, interpolation functions, relations between global local coordinates, requirements
for approximation functions, stress and strain relations principles of minimum potential
energy, potential energy approach for assembly.
REFERENCES:
1. Fruend John, E. and Miller, Irwin , " Probability and Statistics for Engineering " , 5th
Edition, Prentice Hall, 1994.
2. Jay, L. Devore, " Probability and Statistics for Engineering and Sciences ", Brooks/Cole
Publishing Company Monterey, California, 1982.
3. Montgomery D.C and Johnson, L.A.," Forecasting and Time Series ", McGraw-Hill.
4. Anderson, O.D., " Time Series Analysis: Theory and practice ", I. North - Holland,
Amsterdam, 1982.
5. Gupta, S.C. and Kapur, V.K." Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics ", Sultan Chand
and Sons, New Delhi, 1999.
TEXT BOOKS
Griffith's theory, stress intensity factor and fracture toughness - Toughening mechanisms -
Ductile, brittle transition in steel - High temperature fracture, creep - Larson-Miller parameter
- Deformation and fracture mechanism maps - Fatigue, low and high cycle fatigue test, crack
initiation and propagation mechanisms and Paris law - Effect of surface and metallurgical
parameters on fatigue - Fracture of non metallic materials Failure analysis, sources of
failure, procedure of failure analysis.
Motivation for selection, cost basis and service requirements - Selection for mechanical
properties, strength, toughness, fatigue and creep - Selection for surface durability corrosion
and wear resistance Relationship between materials selection and processing - Case studies
in materials selection with relevance to aero, auto, marine, machinery and nuclear
applications.
REFERENCES:
Types of mechanical deformations- stress & strains stress tensor - Elastic materials
Viscous materials Viscoelasticity effect of rate of strain, temperature and time on
mechanical behaviour of polymeric materials creep stress relaxation Boltzman principle
time temperature super position principle WLF equation.
Stress strain response of spring and dashpot viscoelstic models Maxwell element Voigt
Kelvin element response to creep and stress relaxation four-parameter model SLM
model- non linear viscoelasticity -dynamic mechanical properties behavior of Maxwell
element and relaxation spectra.
Fluid flow types of fluid flow time dependant fluids, shear rate dependant fluids,
Newtonian and Non Newtonian fluids viscosity of polymer melts shear thinning and shear
thickening zero-shear rate viscosity laminar flow of Newtonian fluids power law
general treatment of isothermal viscous flow in tubes entrance and exit effects - elastic
effects in polymer melt flow - die- swell and melt fracture Weissenberg effect normal
stress difference elongational viscosity.
Measurements of rheological properties capillary rheometers melt flow index cone and
plate viscometer torque rheometers Mooney viscometer curemeters rheo-optical
properties of polymers - rheo-optical methods as means of determining stress fields in glassy
polymers.
1. Identification of Plastics
2. PE,PS,PMMA,PVC,PET,PBT,PA6,PA66,PC,Phenolics,epoxy.
3. Identification of rubbers
4. IR, IIR, SBR, NBR, EPDM, Silicone, PU elastomers
REFERENCES:
1. Edward.L.Mc Caffery Laboratory Preparation for Macromolecular Chemistry Mc
Graw- Hill Book Company ,1970.
2. W.C.Wake , Analysis of Rubber and Rubber-like polymers 3 rd Applied Science
Publischers ,1983.
3. Billmeyer, Experiments in polymer Science, Jhon Wiley & Sons, NY 1989.
Compounding of Poly (vinyl chloride) formulations for rigid and flexible PVC products
design of formulations compounding of poly olefins polyethylenes polypropylene,
polystyrene compounding of thermosets - unsaturated polyester resins epoxy resins
compounding of moulding powders phenol lformaldehyde melamine formaldehyde.
Single screw extruders twin-screw extruders internal and external mixers - High speed
fluidized mixer and cooler -Mixing machineries for rubbers two roll mill internal batch
mixers continuous mixers banbury mixer - operations and maintenance of mixing
equipment.
Compounding formulation for Pipes, flooring, wire and cable compounds mixing and
design of formulations for footwear , hose, seals, O-rings, tyre and inner tubes.
Terminology Basis in blow moulding - Process variables Injection & stretch blow
moulding Single and multi layer. Extrusion blow moulding Extrusion heads, moulding
process controls for blow moulding Machine, process and product controls. Thermoforming
Thermoforming machinery Heating of sheet Heating cycle - Stretching Concept Heat
balance Shrinkage Trimming operations.
UNIT IV EXTRUSION 9
Principle Types of Extruders Single screw and twin-screw extruders Metering Screw
design - process control variables Types of dies Die design Extrusion of Pipes-
Extrusion profiles Extrusion line for cable industry Blown films Flat film- Cast film -
sheet film Filament Fibre extrusion.
Product design - steps - material selection - aesthetics - undercuts - fits and tolerance -
shrinkage - warpage - wall thickness - taper - fillets - sharp corners - ribs and bosses - holes -
moulded threads - inserts and fasteners - integral hinges - snap fits - moulded lettering -
surface finish - tooling aspects on product design - safety aspects on product design.
Standard mould systems- two plate mould - multi daylight mould - stack mould - Moulding
external undercuts - Splits - sliding splits - angled lift splits - side cores and side cavities -
moulding internal undercuts - form pin - split cores- stripping internal undercuts -moulds for
threaded components - Runnerless moulds - Nozzle types - hot runner moulds- insulated
runner moulds.
Types of compression moulds - flash mould -landed plunger mould - Loading shoe mould -
Positive mould - Semi positive mould -Special mould classifications -sub cavity gang mould
- removable plate mould -remoable plunger mould -swing mould -spring box mould - double
knock out rod mould - unit mould - clamping pressure- pressure pads - depth of loading
chamber - heating systems - types of heaters - calculation of heat requirement and heater
capacity -
Types of transfer moulds - pot transfer mould - top & bottom plunger transfer mould - loose
plate mould -clamping pressure - transfer pot design - Advantages and disadvantages of
compression and transfer moulds.
Types of blow moulds - extrusion, injection and stretch blow moulds - blow ratio - blow pin
and neck ring design - Pinch off design - parting line - clamping force - mould venting -
mould cooling
Extrusion die design -process characteristics of polymer melt - die geometry - die head
pressure - characteristics of land length to profile thickness - extrudate die swell -
classification of dies - dies for solid sections -dies for hollow profiles - blown film dies - flat
film dies - parison dies - wire and cable coating dies.
L = 45 hrs. T=15 hrs. Total 60 hrs.
REFERENCES:
A brief review on various available for polymers- Viscosity MFI & K-value, Acid value -
hydroxyl value - isocynate index - epoxy equivalent - spiral flow test - cup flow test - gel
time & peak exothermic temperature , Plasticity elasticity PRI - Mooney viscosity, scorch
time & cure characteristics ,Mechanical thermal rheological electrical optical -
chemical & permanence properties testing methods.
Concept of flame & retardancy. Flammability test for non rigid & self-supporting plastics
Ignition properties - oxygen index test surface burning characteristics of materials -
Flammability of cellular plastics - smoke generation tests - UL 94 Flammability testing
Meeting flammability requirements - Non destructive testing to polymers - Theory of
ultrasonic testing -Pulse echo technique - Transmission technique - Resonance technique -
Application of ultrasonic NDT in plastics Gammback scatter Betta transmission
scanning laser - X-ray fluorescence Hall effect
UNIT IV MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION, THERMAL ANALYSIS AND
VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY 9
REFERENCES:
1. Handbook of plastics testing technology Vishu Shah, John Wiley and sons, New
York(1998)
2. Handbook of polymer testing edited by Roger Brown, Marcel Dekker, Inc. New
York(1999)
3. Product Design and Testing of Polymeric materials, Nicholas p chermisonoff, Marcel
Dekker, inc. New York(1990).
4. Rubber Technology handbook, Haffman, Hanser publisher, Munich(1996)
5. Physical Testing of Rubber, Roger Brown Interscience, New york (1996).
6. Polymer characterization D Campbell & JR white, Chapman & Hall, London (1989)
7. Polymer characterization, Hunt & James, Chapman & Hal, London(1993)
REFERENCES:
1. ASTM 8.01, 8.04, 9.02.
2. ISO Handbook. on Plastics
UNIT I INTRODUCTION 5
Productivity concepts - Macro and Micro factors of productivity, Productivity benefit model,
productivity cycle.
PMI models, Edosomwan model, Moen and Nolan strategy for process improvement,
LMICIP model, NPRDC model.
Analytical and process tools and techniques - Information and communication technology -
Enabling role of IT, RE-opportunities, process redesign - cases. Software methods in BPR -
specification of BP, case study - Order, processing, user interfaces, maintainability and
reusability.
REFERENCES:
1. Sumanth, D.J., " Productivity engineering and management ", TMH, New Delhi, 1990.
2. Edosomwan, J.A., " Organisational transformation and process re-engineering ",
British Library cataloging in pub. data, 1996.
3. Rastogi, P.N. " Re-Engineering and Re-inventing the enterprise ", Wheeler pub. New
Delhi, 1995.
4. Premvrat, Sardana, G.D. and Sahay, B.S, " Productivity Management - A systems
approach ",
Narosa Pub. New Delhi, 1998.
UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9
Need for the composite materials, Matrices for composites thermoplastics and
thermosetting resins; Types of reinforcements fibers natural and synthetic fibers
classification - Glass, carbon and aramid ; Commonly used additives and fillers ; applications
of composites automotive, aerospace , marine, construction , electrical
Important processes like hand lay up, spray up, resin transfer molding , vacuum bag and
pressure bag molding, centrifugal casting , pultrusion, filament winding Moulding
compounds DMC , SMC,TMC Nano technology POSS (Polyhedral Oligomeric
silsesquioxanes ) technology
UNIT III MECHANICS OF PERFORMANCE 9
Basic concepts Hookes law for orthotropic and anisotropic materials - Characteristics of
fibre- reinforced laminates- interlaminar stresses static mechanical properties fatigue and
impact properties environmental effects fracture behaviour and damage tolerance
Governing equations for anisotropic and orthotropic plates ; Angle ply and cross ply
laminates ; Stress analysis of laminated composite beams, plates , shells ; static. Dynamic and
stability analysis for simpler cases of composite plates ; FEM and introduction to composite
analysis using software
ELECTIVE I
PTY001 BIO POLYMERS 3 0 0 3
REFERENCES:
Representation of expression for reaction rate, performance equations for batch and flow
reactors, Heat effects in reactors- Catalytic Reactions, Rate controlling steps
Kinetic analysis of Polymerisation Molecular weight distribution Smith and Ewart theory
of Emulsion polymerization Fitch thery for dispersion polymerization - copolymerization
chain growth coplymerisation graft coplymerisation. pearl polymerization solution
polymerization
REFERENCES:
High temperature and fire resistant polymers improving low performance polymers for high
temperature use polymers for low fire hazards polymers for high temperature resistance
Fluoropolymers. Aromatic polymers, polyphenylene sulphide, polysulphones, polyesters,
polyamides, polyketones, Heterocyclic polymers.
1. H.F.Mark, (Ed), Encyclopedia of polymer Science & Engineering, John Wiley &
Sons, New York, 1989.
2. Matrin.T.Goosey, Plastics for Electronics, Elsevier, Applied Science, 1985.
3. R.W. Dyson, Specialty Polymers, Chapman & Hall, 2nd edition, 1998.
4. Manas Chanda, Salil.K.Roy, Plastics Technology Hand book, 2nd edition, Marcel
Dekker, New York, 1993
5. Sanjay Palsule, Aerospace Polymers and composites, Fundamentals and Aerospace
Applications, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 1995.
6. G.F.DAlelio, J.A.Parker (Eds), Ablative Plastics, Marcel Dekker, 1971.
PTY004 FIBRE TECHNOLOGY 0 0 3
Development of synthetic fibres commercial synthetic fibres Raw materials DMT TPA
MEG caprolactum adipic acid hexamethylene diamine acrylo nitrile types of
polymers criteria for fibre forming polymers production of polyethylene terephthalate
polymer , polyamides (nylon 66 , nylon 6), Polyacrylonitrile, PP
Production of PVC fibres PVA fibres Aramid fibres -Melt spinning Polymer feed melt
spinning equipment high speed spinning spin draw processes cyrstallisation method
melt spinning of PET & PP staple fibres wet and dry spinning comparison.
Spin finishes functions of spin finish methods of application of spin finish spin finish
for polyester staple fibres spin finish for texturing process effect of spin finish on dyeing.
Measurement system in fibres Direct System Indirect System Modified Synthetic fibres
modified polyester, Nylon, PP, analysis Hydrophilic Hollow Low pilling flame
retardant.
testing raw material testing polymers testing yarns & fibres waste utilisation of
polyester nylon 6 66 acrylics PP ; Energy conservation during polymerization and
fibre production pollution control measures.
REFERENCES:
1. A.A. Vaidya, Production of synthetic fibres, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi, 1988
2. R.W.Moncrieff , Man made fibres , 6th Ed , Hey wood Books, UK 1975
3. Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Tech Vol 1-12 John Wiley and Sons 2003
ELECTIVE II
Definition - Modes of Polymer Degradation - Mechanistic Aspects - Single Step Process and
Chain Reactions - Auto Oxidation - Random and Specific Site Attack - Thermal Degradation:
Introduction - Methods for Evaluation of Heat Resistance (DTA, DSC, TGA, TMA) -
Mechanistic Aspects - Heat Resistance Polymers - Ablation Stabilization Thermal
Degradation and Recycling - Heat Effect in Bio Polymers.
REFERENCES:
Principle & basic concept of absorption of X-rays monochromatic X-ray sources X-ray
detectors Experimental technique Instrumentation Analysis by X-ray absorption.
Absorption apparatus X-ray diffraction Diffraction apparatus. Application to polymers.
Small angle neutron scattering Theory Foam factors and scattering laws Experimental
Applications of small angle neutron scattering.
UNIT IV CHROMATOGRAPHY 9
ELECTIVE III
Stress, types of joints, selection of joint detail, joint criteria, surface preparation of adherents-
metals, plastics and rubbers. Adhesive bonding process- methods for adhesives application
and bonding equipment, adhesives for specific substrates, testing of adhesives, adhesive
specifications and quality control
UNIT IV PAINTS 9
A historical introduction on the design and development of tyres of various kinds and types.
Tyre classification sizes & speed rating. Different types of tyres bias, bias belted radial,
tube type abd tubeless tyres their basic features and performance comparison. Different
components of a tyre, its geometry, basic functions. Functions of a pneumatic tyre load
carrying, vibration and noise reduction, the tyre function as a spring, contribution to driving
control and road adhesion, the tyre friction contribution to driving control, steering control
and self aligning torque.
Principles of designing formulations for various tyre components. compounding and mixing
of rubber. Tyre reinforcement materials (Textile, steel, glass etc.). Criteria of selection -
textile treatment - adhesion promoters. Tyre mould design
Tyre friction and wear hydroplaning. Caracas design, contour shape, tyre cord and their
characteristics. Cord tension. Load capacity of tyre. Stresses in Tyre. Tread design, Bead
design bead tension, Tyre wear, rubber friction and sliding mechanism, various factors
affecting friction and sliding. Tyre stresses and deformation, tyre noise, mechanism of noise
generation, effect of tread pattern, vehicle speed etc., on noise level, Tyre in plane dynamics.
High frequency properties, basic yaw and camber analysis.
Manufacturing techniques of various tyres like two wheeler and car tyres, truck tyres, OTR,
Farm tyres, aircraft tyres - different styles and construction - green tyre design principles,
methods of building green tyres for bias, bias belted, radial and tube-less tyres, green tyre
treatments. Tyre curing methods, post cure inflation, quality control tests, Tyre related
products, their design and manufacturing techniques, tubes, valves, flaps and bladders.
Different types, their feature and operation of tyre building machines, bead winding machine,
wire/glass processing machines, bias cutters, curing presses.
UNIT V MEASUREMENT OF TYRE PROPERTIES 9
Dimension and size-static and loaded, Tyre construction analysis, Endurance test wheel and
plunger tests, traction, noise measurements. Force and moment characteristics, cornering
coefficient aligning torque coefficient, load sensitivity and load transfer sensitivity, Rolling
resistance, non uniformity dimensional variations, force variations- radial force variation,
lateral force variation concentricity and ply steer. Type balance, mileage, evaluations, tyre
flaws and separations, X-ray holography etc., Foot print pressure distribution. BIS standards
for tyres, tubes and flaps.
L = 45 hrs. Total =45 hrs.
REFERENCES:
1. Samuel K. Clark, Mechanics of pneumatic Tires, National Bureau of standards,
Monograph, US Govt. printing office, 1971.
2. Tom French, Tyre Technology, Adam Hilger, New York, 1989.
3. F.J. Kovac, Tire Technology, 4th edition, Good year Tire and Rubber company,
Akron, 1978.
4. E. Robecchi, L.Amiki, Mechanics of Tire, 2 Vols, Pirelli, Milano, 1970
ELECTIVE IV
UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9
UNIT IV ULTRACENTRIFUGATION 9
REFERENCES:
Low cycle and high cycle fatigue Coffin-Mansons relation Transition life Cyclic Strain
hardening and softening Analysis of load histories Cycle counting techniques
Cumulative damage Miners theory other theories.
Physical Aspects Of Fatigue - Phase in fatigue life Crack initiation Crack
growth Final fracture Dislocations Fatigue fracture surfaces
Plastic crack tip fields - J integral testing CTOD - J dominance, J controlled crack growth -
Tearing modulus - Quasi static crack growth - Fatigue crack propagation - Basic
considerations in prediction of fatigue crack growth and life estimation Paris law
Mechanism of fatigue failure - Effect of after loading crack closure on Fatigue Crack
Propagation (FCP) Environment assisted cracking corrosion fatigue stress and strain
controlled fatigue crack closure measurement - FCP in plastics ceramics and composites
fracture surface morphology
Examples of crack growth Analysis for cyclic loading - leak before break - crack initiation
under large scale yielding thickness as a Design parameter - crack instability in Thermal or
Residual - stress fields - Applications of the concept of fracture mechanics to mechanical
design such as pressure vessels - boilers - case studies
Failure Analysis - Failure during manufacture - Damage and criteria for fracture
1. Lawn.B.R. and Wilshaw.T.R, Fracture of Brittle Solids, Cambride Univ. Press, 1974.
2. Hellan.K, Introduction to Fracture Mechanics, McGraw-Hill, 1984.
3. Parker.A.P, The Mechanics of Fracture and Fatigue - An Introduction, E &F.N.Spin,
London, 1981.
4. Knott.J.F, Fundaments of Fracture Mechanics, Butterworths, 1979.
5. Brock.D, Elementary Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 3 ed. Martinus, Nijhoff, The
Hague, 1982.
6. J.F.Knott, Fundamentals of Fracture Mechanics, Butterworth & Co., (Publishers)
Ltd., London, 1983.
Stereo Lithography apparatus (SLA) - Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) - Solid Ground Curing
(SGC) - Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) - Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
Selective powder binding (three dimensional printing TDP) Ballistic particle manufacturing
Repetitive masking and depositing.
Indirect Methods of Rapid Tooling - RTV Silicone Rubber Molds Epoxy tooling - Vacuum
Casting RIM - Wax Injection Molding - Spin Casting - Cast Resin Tooling - Spray Metal
Tooling - Sprayed Steel Rapid Solidification Process - Plaster Molds -Electroforming - Cast
Aluminum and Zinc Kirksite Tooling - Investment Cast Tooling - 3D Keltool
UNIT 5 DIRECT METHODS OF RAPID TOOLING 9
Direct tooling using stereo lithography - SLS Rapid Steel - Copper Polyamide Tooling -
Direct Metal Laser Sintering - Laminated Tooling - Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) -
Controlled Metal Build-up (CMB) Prometal
Trends In Rapid Prototyping And Tooling - Future development - Rapid prototyping and
tooling in Indian scene - advances in rapid prototyping.
REFERENCES:
Elementary quantam mechanics- atomic structures and types of bonding.- Solid state physics-
electronic and optical properties of materials- sensors electronic , magnetic and optical
behaviour of nano materials self assembled organized systems Dentrimers, liposones,
vesicles , supermolecular complexes
Low energy electron diffraction (LEED), Scanning Probe Microscopy, Auger, SEM, TEM,
XRD (Powder / single crystal), AFM, STM, EDAX, ESCA, Optical microscope, UV Photo
electron spectroscopy, Ellipsometry
UNIT IV NANO STRUCTURES AND APPLICATIONS 9
effect of environment on nanostructures corrosion oxidation biological attack -
Industrial applications of nanosized materials- Paints, catalysis, membranes , mesoporous
materials , phosphor materials, Laser materials , water purifications ; Polymer nano
composites
Nano particles and microorganisms- nano materials in bone substitutes and dentistry- Nano
particles in food and cosmetic applications- drug delivery and its applications Biosensors ,
biochips and analytical devices
L = 45 hrs. Total = 45 hrs.
REFERENCES :