Best PPT On VALVES
Best PPT On VALVES
Best PPT On VALVES
MUDASSAR AZAM
Contents
Introduction
Terminologies
Types of Control Valves
Valves Components
Valves selection
Valve
Valve plays a very important part in industries.
Valve
ACTUATOR
BONNET
VALVE BODY
ASSEMBLY
BODY
Classification of Valve
Type Category
VS Gate Valve VS BW or Flanged
VD Globe Valve VS SW or Threaded
VR Plug Valve VD BW or Flanged
VB Ball Valve VD SW or threaded
VDR Check Valve VR or VB BW or Flanged
VR or VB SW or threaded
VDR BW or Flanged
VDR BW or Threaded
STANDARD ABBREVIATIONS
IPS: IRON PIPE SIZE
ISNRS: INSIDE SCREW NON-RISING
STEM
ISRS: INSIDE SCREW RISING STEM
NRS: NON-RISING STEM
RS: RISING STEM
SIB: SCREWED BONNET
SW: SOLID WEDGE
TYPES OF VALVES
BASIC TYPES OF VALVES
GLOBE BUTTERFLY
GATE BALL
DIAPHRAGM PLUG
Rotary Types
Advantages
Low weight
Simple design
High relative CV
More reliable
Friction-free packing
Low initial cost.
Rotary Types of Control Valves
Disadvantage
Leakage problem.
Linear and Rotary Motion
Can be
Single seated
Double seated
GLOBE VALVE
SALIENT FEATURES
- Flow Control Element is Disc
CLOSE
-14
Corrosive service
CLASSIFICATION (GLOBE VALVE)
Directionless valve
BASED ON STEM
Rising Stem Gate Valve
None Rising Stem Gate Valve
- Suitable for:
- Slurries
- Viscous Fluids - Smooth Flow Path
- Absence of Pockets
- Gases
- Vapors Soft Sealing point
- Corrosive Fluids
Minimum Exposed Components
- Clean Fluids
Lining and Elimination of Dirt
Diaphragm Valve
BUTTERFLY VALVES
SALIENT FEATURES
- Suitable for:
- Gases
- Vapors
- Slurries (Only Lined Valve)
Easy operation
Quick opening
SALIENT FEATURES
- Flow Control Element is Ball
- Very Little Resistance to Flow When Open
- Suitable for:
- Slurries
- Viscous Fluids
- Gases
- Vapors
- Corrosive Fluids
- Clean Fluids
BALL VALVE
SALIENT FEATURES
- Flow Control Element is Plug
- Very Little Resistance to Flow When Open
- Suitable for:
- Slurries
- Viscous Fluids
- Gases
- Vapors
- Corrosive Fluids
- Clean Fluids
Plug
Quick Opening
Linear
(Conical)
Plug Equal Percentage
(Tapered)
Plug Quick Opening
(Flat)
Different Shapes of Plugs
Characteristics of Different Plugs
Cv
Linear 30 70 100
Equal % 8 33 100
V-Port 6 30 100
Valve Characteristic
100
Percent of Rated Flow Coefficient
0
0 Percent of Rated Travel 100
CV
The number of U.S. gallons of water
at 60 F which will pass per minute
through a given flow restriction with
a pressure drop of 1 PSI
Solving for Cv
Rearranging the Equation - Until now, the discussion has centered on
calculating a flow rate through a restriction. In valve sizing, of coarse,
the objective is to calculate a Cv from a required flow rate. To
accomplish this, the basic equation can he rearranged to solve for Cv
as shown below.
Rearrange to
Solve for Cv
where:
Q =Flow Rate, gpm
CV =Valve Flow Coefficient
P= P2- P1
G= Fluid Specific Gravity
Visual Features
Square-edge window bottoms
Applications
Relief
On-Off
Dump
Hi-gain linear at low lifts Quick Opening Cage
Linear Cage
Visual Features
Pear-shaped windows
Applications
Constant pressure drop applications
Linear Cage
Equal Percentage Cage
Equal Percentage
Equal increments of change in stem
position produce an equal percentage
change from the existing Cv,
Visual Features
Alternately offset pear-shaped windows
Applications
Many pressure and flow where
P decreases as flow rate increases
At Pump Discharges
Check Valve
Isolation Valve
Pump A Pump B
CHECK VALVE - APPLICATIONS
Check Valve
NH3 CO2
PINCH VALVES
PINCH VALVE
THE WORKING ELEMENT OF A PINCH VALVE IS AN
ELASTOMER TUBE OR SLEEVE WHICH CAN BE SQUEEZED
AT ITS MID SECTION BY SOME MECHANICAL SYSTEM
UNTILL TUBE WALLS ARE PINCHED TOGETHER PRODUCING
FULL CLOSURE OF FLOW PATH
OTHER THAN MECHANICAL MECHANISM, HYDRAULIC OR
AIR PRESSURE INJECTED DIRECTLY INTO THE BODY OF THE
VALVE TO OPERATE IT
Continued
WITH REGULATED FLUID PRESSURE, VALVE MAY BE USED
FOR THROTTLING AS WELL AS SHUT-OFF SERVICE
PARTICULAR ADVANTAGE OF FLUID OPERATED PINCH
VALVE IS ITS TIGHT CLOSURE OVER ENTRAPPED SOLIDS
THESE ARE PARTICULARLY SUITABLE FOR HANDLING
COROSIVE MEDIA, SOLIDS IN SUSPENSION & SLURRIES
THESE HAVE UNRESTRICTED BORE AT FULL OPENING
CAN HANDLE ALL TYPES OF FLUIDS
Continued
VALVES WITH MECHANICAL MECHANISM ARE OPERATED
BY HANDWHEEL, SCREW MECHANISM IN SMALL SIZES
AND WITH POWERED MECHANISM IN LARGE SIZES
ALSO OPERATED BY PNEUMATIC AND HYDRAULIC
ACTUATORS
VARIOUS LOW HARDNESS, HIGH TENSILE ELASTOMER
COMPOUNDS ARE USED FOR TUBES. CHOICE DEPENDS ON
CHEMICAL/ ABRSION RESISTANCE AND SERVICE
TEMPERATURE
SIZES COMMONLY AVAILABLE ARE UPTO 12
PINCH VALVES
NEEDLE VALVE
SOV
Positioner
Regulator
3 to 15 PSI Signal
NRV
Supply
Capacity Tank
SOV
Energized De-Energized
Bleed
3 3
Precautions
Plug
Seat Ring
Cage
Gaskets
Bottom Guide
Valve Body
Valves Body Family
Body Types
Angle
Plug
Diaphragm
Y-Style
Valve Body
Valve Body Components
Packing
Bonnet
Body
Stem
Guide Bushing
Retainer or Cage
Plug
Seat Ring
Valve Body
Valve Body
Bonnet
Valve Body
Valve Body
Ball Valve
Jacketed Valve
Single Seated-Top Guided
Direct Action Double Seated
Reverse Action Double Seated
Reverse Action Single Seated
Cage
Double Seated Top & Bottom Guided
Single Seated -Top Guided
Single Seated
Linear Valve
3 Way Valve
Ball Type
Body Types
Ball
V-Notch Ball Valves
THREE WAY BODY
Valve Trim
Those parts of valve which comes in direct
contact of fluid
Trim Comprises of:
Plug
Seat Ring
Stem
Cage Guide Bushing
Stuffing Box
Valve Bonnets
The valve bonnet or top closure is the removable upper portion of
the valve body sub-assembly and is normally connected to the
body by high strength bolting.
It is a pressure-carrying part and is, therefore, subject to the same
design requirements as the valve housing.
Removal of the valve bonnet generally provides access to the valve
trim.
Some low-pressure valves, particularly in sizes below 2 inches,
have a threaded bonnet connection which is more economical than
a flanged joint.
The upper portion of the bonnet contains the valve packing.
Types of Bonnets
Bonnet
Standard
Extended
or Plain
Standard Bonnet
Extended Bonnet
Extended
Packing box Bonnet
Thermal Radiation Fins Bonnet
Radiation
Fins
Bellows Seal Bonnet
In applications where stem leakage cannot be tolerated, or when
conventional packing.- is not sufficient to, guarantee zero stem
leakage, a bellows seal bonnet may be selected.