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    Fowler Index

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    Leon Kukkuk
    This document is the report of the Panel of Experts on Violations of Security Council Sanctions Against UNITA. It finds that UNITA has engaged in extensive sanctions busting related to arms, petroleum, diamonds, finances, representation and travel. It provides details on how UNITA has procured each of these goods and assets despite the sanctions. It concludes that the sanctions have not been fully effective and makes 39 recommendations to strengthen the sanctions regime.

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    Fowler Index

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    Leon Kukkuk
    20 views5 pages
    This document is the report of the Panel of Experts on Violations of Security Council Sanctions Against UNITA. It finds that UNITA has engaged in extensive sanctions busting related to arms, petroleum, diamonds, finances, representation and travel. It provides details on how UNITA has procured each of these goods and assets despite the sanctions. It concludes that the sanctions have not been fully effective and makes 39 recommendations to strengthen the sanctions regime.

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    This document is the report of the Panel of Experts on Violations of Security Council Sanctions Against UNITA. It finds that UNITA has engaged in extensive sanctions busting related to arms, petroleum, diamonds, finances, representation and travel. It provides details on how UNITA has procured each of these goods and assets despite the sanctions. It concludes that the sanctions have not been fully effective and makes 39 recommendations to strengthen the sanctions regime.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views5 pages

    Fowler Index

    Uploaded by

    Leon Kukkuk
    This document is the report of the Panel of Experts on Violations of Security Council Sanctions Against UNITA. It finds that UNITA has engaged in extensive sanctions busting related to arms, petroleum, diamonds, finances, representation and travel. It provides details on how UNITA has procured each of these goods and assets despite the sanctions. It concludes that the sanctions have not been fully effective and makes 39 recommendations to strengthen the sanctions regime.

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    of 5

    UNITED

    NATIONS
    S
    Security Council
    Distr.
    GENERAL

    S/2000/203
    10 March 2000

    ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

    LETTER DATED 10 MARCH 2000 FROM THE CHAIRMAN OF THE SECURITY


    COUNCIL COMMITTEE ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO RESOLUTION 864 (1993)
    CONCERNING THE SITUATION IN ANGOLA ADDRESSED TO THE PRESIDENT
    OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL

    I have the honour to transmit herewith the final report of the Panel of
    Experts established by the Security Council pursuant to resolution 1237 (1999)
    of 7 May 1999.

    I would be grateful if this report were circulated to members of the


    Security Council for their information and issued as a document of the Security
    Council.

    (Signed) Robert R. FOWLER


    Chairman
    Security Council Committee established
    pursuant to resolution 864 (1993)
    concerning the situation in Angola
    S/2000/203
    English
    Page 2

    Annex I

    Letter dated 28 February 2000 from the Chairman of the Panel of


    Experts established by the Security Council pursuant to
    resolution 1237 (1999) addressed to the Chairman of the Security
    Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 864
    (1993)
    concerning the situation in Angola

    I have pleasure in submitting the report of the Panel of Experts


    established by the Security Council pursuant to resolution 1237 (1999) (see
    enclosure).

    (Signed) Anders MOLLANDER


    Ambassador
    Chairman, Expert Panel

    /...
    S/2000/203
    English
    Page 3

    Enclosure

    REPORT OF THE PANEL OF EXPERTS ON VIOLATIONS OF SECURITY COUNCIL


    SANCTIONS AGAINST UNITA

    CONTENTS

    Paragraphs Page

    INTRODUCTION ................................................ 1 - 12 6

    I. SANCTIONS BUSTING ON ARMS AND MILITARY EQUIPMENT ...... 13 - 58 9

    A. Findings relating to arms and military equipment .. 14 - 50 10

    1. How UNITA procured arms and military equipment 15 - 38 10

    2. The source of origin of UNITA's arms and


    training ...................................... 39 - 46 17

    3. Types of arms and military equipment used and


    imported by UNITA ............................. 47 - 49 19

    4. Military cooperation with UNITA in the


    Democratic Republic of the Congo .............. 50 20

    B. Conclusions relating to arms and military equipment 51 20

    C. Recommendations relating to arms and military


    equipment (recommendations 1-7) ................... 52 - 58 20

    II. SANCTIONS BUSTING ON PETROLEUM AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS . 59 - 74 22

    A. Findings relating to petroleum and petroleum


    products .......................................... 60 - 68 22

    1. The supply of petroleum products to UNITA


    1993-1998 ..................................... 61 - 63 22

    2. The supply of petroleum products to UNITA from


    January 1999 .................................. 64 - 66 23

    3. Refuelling of aircraft coming from UNITA-


    controlled areas .............................. 67 24

    4. Commercial smuggling of petroleum into UNITA-


    controlled areas .............................. 68 24

    B. Conclusions relating to petroleum and petroleum


    products .......................................... 69 25

    CONTENTS (continued)

    /...
    S/2000/203
    English
    Page 4

    Paragraphs Page

    C. Recommendations relating to petroleum and petroleum


    products (recommendations 8-12) ................... 70 - 74 25

    III. SANCTIONS BUSTING ON DIAMONDS ......................... 75 - 114 26

    A. Findings relating to diamonds ..................... 76 - 105 27

    1. The significance of diamonds for UNITA ........ 77 27

    2. How UNITA comes to possess diamonds ........... 78 - 79 27

    3. How UNITA exchanges diamonds for commodities or


    cash .......................................... 80 - 81 27

    4. Where UNITA goes to sell its diamonds ......... 82 - 86 28

    5. Easy access of smuggled diamonds into


    international markets ......................... 87 - 93 30

    6. The problem within Angola ..................... 94 - 98 31

    7. Diamonds as a tool for buying friends and


    supporters .................................... 99 - 104 32

    8. Diamonds as a means of stockpiling wealth ..... 105 34

    B. Conclusions relating to diamonds .................. 106 - 108 34

    C. Recommendations relating to diamonds


    (recommendations 13-18) ........................... 109 - 114 35

    IV. SANCTIONS BUSTING ON UNITA FINANCES AND ASSETS ........ 115 - 128 36

    A. Findings relating to UNITA finances and assets .... 116 - 123 36

    1. The sources of UNITA's financing .............. 117 36

    2. How UNITA holds its assets .................... 118 - 119 37

    3. Efforts by UNITA to circumvent the financial


    sanctions ..................................... 120 - 123 37

    B. Conclusions relating to UNITA finances and assets . 124 - 125 38

    C. Recommendations relating to UNITA finances and


    assets (recommendations 19-21) .................... 126 - 128 39

    /...
    S/2000/203
    English
    Page 5

    CONTENTS (continued)

    Paragraphs Page

    V. SANCTIONS BUSTING ON UNITA REPRESENTATION AND TRAVEL


    ABROAD ................................................ 129 - 162 39

    A. Findings relating to UNITA representation and


    travel abroad ..................................... 130 - 154 39

    1. Why the representation and travel sanctions are


    important to UNITA ............................ 131 40

    2. How UNITA offices abroad operate .............. 132 - 135 40

    3. What UNITA's representatives abroad do ........ 136 41

    4. How UNITA personnel travel .................... 137 - 138 42

    5. The key UNITA representation centres abroad ... 139 - 154 42

    B. Conclusions relating to UNITA representation and


    travel abroad ..................................... 155 - 156 46

    C. Recommendations relating to UNITA representation


    and travel abroad (recommendations 22-27) ......... 157 - 162 47

    VI. RELATED MATTERS ....................................... 163 - 181 48

    A. The role of transport in sanctions busting ........ 163 - 167 48

    B. The shooting down of the United Nations aircraft .. 168 - 169 50

    C. Recommendations on related matters


    (recommendations 28-39) ........................... 170 - 181 50

    CONCLUSION ............................................ 182 - 184 53

    /...

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