Modul Latih Tubi PT3

SPECIAL OPS
ENGLISH
MODULE
FOR PT3
1
SPECIAL OPS ENGLISH 2017
OH! MY
GRAMMAR
2
TEST 1 Adjective
Tenses
Preposition
Pronouns
Article
I have some herbs in the house. Well boil them and make her drink the water. Pak
Lebai, I dare not go back 11 ___________ ( alone , lonely , lone , loneliness) . Do you mind
coming to my house to fetch them? My husband 12 _______ (was, were, is, are) at home
with my two daughters. He is sick. Tell him Im staying here tonight, said one of the 13
_______ (woman, women, womans, womens). Jeliahs husband stood without taking his
eyes 14 ______ (near, out, off, of) his wife. He knew it was going to happen but he was
helpless.15 _______(It, Its, Its, Its) was their first baby. They had been married for five
years and they were looking forward to 16 _____ (having, have, has, had) the baby. Jeliah
had been sick because she was not eating well. She did not 17 _____ (liking, liked, likes,
like) boiled tapioca or boiled bananas. She wanted to eat good food. That morning on
18______ (they, their, her, his) way to the river to wash clothes, she had 19 ______ (fall, fell,
fallen, falling). Lebai Bakar and Tok Janggut came back with 20 ______ (any, the, an, a) milk
and medicine. Quickly, the ladies got to work. They wrapped Jeliah with sack cloth, old
sarongs and a small mattress to keep her warm.
TEST 2 Tenses
Adjective of comparison
Article
determiner
The goldfish 11 ____________(was, were, are, is) a member of the carp family , and
is 12__________(closer, closing, closely, close) related to the crucian carp of eastern
Europe. Like the crucian carp, the goldfish 13_________ (have, had, having, has) a saw-like
edge to the spine on its dorsal (back) fin, and no barbells (feelers) on its lips but its scales
are 14___________(largerly, largest, larger, larger) than those of the crucian carp and the
dorsal fin is 15___________(a, an, the) different shape.
Southern China was the first home of the goldfish, and wild specimens, brownish
green 16__________(in, with, of, on) colour , are still to be 17 ___________(find, finds,
found, founded) there. As 18___________(early, earlier, earliest, first) as the 4th century
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A.D. the Chinese recorded that were red-scaled fish among the others. The Chinese, and
later the Japanese, 19__________ (breeding, breeds, breed, bred) goldfish so as to produce
20___________(much, any, a little, many) remarkable kinds. In the 18th century, goldfish
were brought to Europe.
Note: Modal Verbs ~ followed by root words

Modal Verbs + be ~ followed by past participle
Subject-verb-agreement
TEXT 1
Keeping students interested in a lesson is very important. What makes a lesson
interesting? There ___1___ ways to improve on ones teaching methods.
Teacher should be innovative and creative. It is good to use varieties of teaching
techniques when the students attention disappears. Other activities could ___2___ dramas,
speeches and presentations where students ___3___ and speak out in the classroom.
Another quality is that the teachers must ___4___ a passion for teaching. They are
responsible for inculcating love and patriotism for the country, the king and towards the
elders. The positive values must be ___5___ in their students so that they grow up to be
good citizens. They are like the students parents while at school. They are role models in
every aspect. Students may ___6___ them.
Besides, experience also ___7___ an important role. The new teaching techniques
and methods must be ___8___ by the teacher so that students do not get bored. A singing
lesson might ___9___ the students to be active again. Remember, a boring lesson can
___10___students become dull and unresponsive towards teaching. So, be adaptable to
changes!
1 A is 2 A including
B are B included
C was C includes
D were D include
3 A interact 4 A has
B interacts B had
C interacted C have
D interacting D having
5 A instilling 6 A imitate
B instilled B imitates
C instils C imitated
D instil D imitating
7 A play 8 A adapt
B plays B adapts
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C played C adapted
D playing D adapting
9 A encouraging 10 A make
B encouraged B made
C encourages C makes
D encourage D making
TEXT 2
The Interact Club of SMK Bukit Kecil recently organized a three-day outing to
Redang Island. Twenty members and three teachers went on the trip. They ___1___ the trip
to be interesting and educational.
On the first day of their arrival, they went scuba diving and snorkeling. The water
___2___ crystal clear and everyone had a wonderful moment ___3___ a rare glimpse of the
superb coral and marine life. The club members could ___4___ a variety of neon coloured
fish and ___5___ some sea urchins lying at the bottom of the sea floor.
On the second day, they went for a boat ride round the island. They managed to see
the whole island and took pictures of the beautiful scenery. They stopped by at a fishing
village to ___6___ about the life style of the local fishermen. They saw the fishermen came
in with their catch and helped them to pull their boat ashore. Some of the students had
___7___ the opportunity to interview the fishermen on how to catch fish. By evening, they
went back to their hotel to ___8___ up.
On the final day of the trip, the participants went swimming. They also played beach
football and made several sandcastles. Some of them managed to ___9___ some seashells
along the shore. Finally, at twelve noon, everyone had a sumptuous lunch before ___10___
their luggage to go home.
1 A find 2 A is
B finds B are
C found C was
D finding D were
3 A catch 4 A see
B caught B saw
C catches C sees
D catching D seeing
5 A spotting 6 A learn
B spotted B learnt
C spots C learns
D spot D learning
7 A take 8 A washing
B took B washed
C taken C washes
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D taking D wash
9 A collecting 10 A pack
B collected B packs
C collects C packed
D collect D packing
GRAMMAR EXERCISE
1. VERBS
A. to-infinitive
1. Parents need to plan where to ________ (take/took/takes/taken) their children for a
break, after months of studies.
2. Another alternative would be to _______ (enjoying/enjoyed/enjoys/enjoy) an

energetic game of badminton or football.
3. The various races are able to ________ (live/lives/lived/living) in peace and harmony.
4. Most importantly, you must not forget to _______(bring/brings/brought/bringing)

enough food and clean water.
B. SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT
1. School holidays ________(is/are/has/have)perfect for parents to spend quality time

with their children
2. Not everyone in the family ______(has/had/have/having)the same interests and

needs
3. There ______ (were/was/are/is) also many interesting ways to exercise. Martial art
skills _______(help/helps/helped/helping) you to keep trim while teaching you the art
of self-defence
4. Hence, it is not surprising that Malaysia __________ (is/are/was/were) a paradise for

those who love food
5. Many people enjoy camping as a recreation. It _________ (is/are/was/were) quite an

experience to spend in a tent with only basic supplies.
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6. If the weather ________ (permit/permits/permitted/permitting), you can sleep

outdoors with the sky above as the roof.
7. It is caused by viruses and normally ______ (take/takes/taken/taking) two to five

days to recover.
8. Viruses causing common colds are very contagious and_______ (is/are/was/were)

spread by sneezes and coughs.
9. Today, I am here to speak on an issue which _______ (is/are/was/were) close to our

hearts- the safety of our children.
10. It is better if there is an adult who ________(accompany/accompanies/accompanied/

accompanying)them or takes them to their destinations, for example to tuition or
religious classes.
C. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
1. They should however, be careful about how they _______ (deal/dealt/deals/dealing)

with their children.
2. They __________ (celebrating/celebrated/celebrates/celebrate) many religious and
cultural festivals throughout the year.
3. They (play, plays) badminton every week.
4. We (have, has) English lessons everyday.
5. Suhaimi rarely (watch, watches) television at home.
6. He (travel, travels) overseas frequently.
7. The gardener (water, waters) the plants every morning.
8. Gaik Fong (does, do) her homework every afternoon after lunch.
9. Annie usually (eat, eats) a slice of papaya after lunch.
10. The parents (come, comes) to school annually to collect their childrens report cards.
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D. MODALS
1. One can ________(explore/explores/explored/exploring) tropical rainforests, hill

resorts, beach resorts or historical sites.
2. If you have never gone camping, you ________(can/may/need/must)want to try it out

as a weekend getaway.
3. In fact, they should __________(avoid/avoids/avoided/avoiding)them.
4. You must ___________(pay/pays/paid) your grandmother a visit.
5. She will ___________(continue/continued/continues) her work tomorrow.
*Can / could / may / might / must / will / would / shall / should

- always followed by root word / based form of verb
E. GERUNDS
1. _______ (Deciding/Releasing/Talking/Giving) positive comments will help build right

attitudes among teenagers.
2. __________ (Spent/Spend/Spends/Spending) time with Mother Nature is a good way

to release stress.
*Starting your sentence : Verb + ing
2. ARTICLES
1. I went to a)______ swimming pool yesterday. b)_____ little boy fell over and had to
have c)______ treatment on his leg. d)_______assistant said that he would be OK.
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2. I can meet you tomorrow. Have you got a)______ time? Yes. Ive got b)______
appointment with c)______ builder at eleven, but I can change d)______ time.
3. - Dont be late for a)_____ work, or b)______ manager will be angry with you. -
OK, I will use c)_____ alarm clock and also ask d)_______ friend to give me a
wake-up call at six oclock.
4. - I bought a)_____ blue guitar on Wednesday.- The one I saw? Super! Can you play
it? - No, but Im having b)_______ few lessons with c)_______ old guy called
d)______ Barry.
5. - Do you like a)_____ Copenhagen?- Yes, I do. b)_____ first time I came here I
stayed in c)_______ tiny guest house. The owner had d)_______ enormous dog!
6. I read a)______ good book last week. b)______ book was by Alfredo Montessauri.
He is c)______ Italian writer. I got a lot of d)_______pleasure from it.
7. a)______ Sarah works at b)______ bank. c)_______ bank is forty miles from her
home. She has d)_______ eighty-minute commute each way.
8. I really love a)______ fish, and b)______ fish in this restaurant is superb. Im
looking forward to eating c)______ big juicy fish in d)_____ hour from now!
3. CONJUCTIONS
1. Therefore, planning _______ (so/or/but/and) consulting every member of the family is

vital.
2. _________ (Meanwhile/However/Although/Hence), self-confidence is a quality that
needs to be developed.
3. You could take up jogging ______ (so /or/ for/but) even brisk walking.
4. The coach (but, as well as) his players are confident of winning the game tonight.
5. Lets have a party (since, and) it is the last day of school.
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6. Angeline is hardworking, (although, therefore) she does well in her studies.
7. Mr. Surjit stopped working (besides, because) of his ill health.
8. Jasmine can sew skirts (but, as well as) she cannot sew blouses.
9. James insisted on going to work (so, although) he did not sleep well last night.
10. It was cold (as well as, so) she switched off the fan.
11. (Besides, Although) my piano lesson, I have to go for my taekwondo class.
12. The littlt girl is pretty ( since, and ) charming.
4. PRONOUNS
A. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
1. (That/Those) are the houses that belong to the rich man.
2. (That/Those) is my friend; the one in the red dress.
3. My teacher asked us to bring down (that/those) posters and put (this/these) one up.
4. Communication (this/these) days is easier and faster.
5. (This/These) are the girls who bullied (that/those) boy over there.
6. You will become more confident if you read (this/these) books.
7. My sister cooked (this/these) dish but Mum baked (that/those) cake.
8. Water in (that/those) river is so polluted.
9. Please arrange (this/these) chairs behind (that/those) tables over there.
10. (This/These) belongs to the teacher whereas (this/these) belong to the students
B. PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Fill in the gaps using I, me, my, mine, or myself:
1. My colleague forgot to leave the documents for _______________.
2. Tommy told me to book the plane tickets _______________.
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3. Can you tell _______________ what happened, please?
4. I gave them a lift in _______________ car.
5. _______________ live in Manchester.
6. It was _______________ decision to get a divorce.
7. Alison forgot her guitar so I lent her _______________.
8. This is _______________ donut.
9. I need to weigh _______________.
10. _______________ dont know how to play the piano.
11. All the pictures on the wall were _______________.
12. I usually make _______________ something to eat when I get home.
13. Please tell Joanne that those dolls are _______________.
14. Theresa asked _______________ for advice.
15. _______________ am going to the shops in a minute.
Fill in the gaps using they, them, their, theirs, or themselves:
1. _______________ will discuss the problem with you tomorrow.
2. I didnt hire these DVDs the twins borrowed them ______________.
3. Please pop _______________ in the post box on your way home.
4. The birds on the bird table are feeding _______________.
5. Theyve taken _______________ brother to the beach for the day.
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6. _______________ didnt allow Jamie to use the photocopier.
7. Annie and Charlie were watching _______________ favourite programme.
8. I saw _______________ coming out of the cinema.
9. I thought _______________ had never eaten Italian food before.
10. Can you remember whether these books are _______________?
Fill in the gaps using we, us, our, ours, or ourselves:
1. Thats _______________ in the photo behind the gate.
2. The science experiment that went wrong had to be _____________, didnt it?
3. _______________ ve been waiting for you here all day.
4. We painted the whole wall _______________.
5. Its _______________ turn to play on the tablet!
6. Dora put her song online, so Ive uploaded _______________ too.
7. On Tuesday _______________ re going to Cromer.
8. We had taught _______________ to read German.
Fill in the gaps using she, her (op), her (pa), hers, or herself:
1. _______________ likes reading and rock climbing, but not at the same time!
2. The problem was with Laura _______________, not anybody else.
3. She wont say why _______________ left Gerald.
4. Mrs Lyndhurst usually washes the curtains _______________.
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5. The decision about quitting her job was entirely _______________.
6. I was talking to _______________ for about half an hour.
7. _______________ is upstairs getting ready.
8. Those earrings dont really suit _______________.
Fill in the gaps using he, him, his (pa), his (pp), or himself:
1. _______________ has just told me what you said.
2. I dont trust _______________.
3. _______________ loves Mozart.
4. The zookeeper took _______________ uniform out of the locker.
5. I showed _______________ my new smartphone.
6. I didnt like _______________ performance.
Fill in the gaps using you (sp), you (op), your, yours, or yourself:
1. Is that red car _______________?
2. Im pleased for _______________.
3. Take good care of _______________.
4. I put _______________ sandwiches in my bag.
5. Your teacher was looking for _______________.
6. If you want some crisps you can buy them _______________.
7. This plate is mine and the blue one is _______________.
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8. Dont lose _______________ keys, will you?
C. RELATIVE PRONOUNS
1. Those _______ (which/whose/whom/who) like shopping can go to open-air markets

or shopping complexes.
2. Besides the tent, remember to pack a first aid kit and medicine
_________(what/when/which/where) you might need.
3. Many incidents have happened recently ________(where/when/which/whose)pose

threat to our children.
4. _________ is the boys name and __________ was he with?
5. __________ did you watch the movie and __________ was the main action?
6. __________ did you get for her birthday?
7. __________ ate the last piece of cake?
8. __________ is that over there? Is that Rajus motorcycle?
9. __________ told the teacher that we have too much homework to do?
10. __________ is the correct answer? Is it A or B?
11. __________ attended the talk? What was it about?
12. __________ of these books would you prefer?
13. __________ house is bigger? Mr. Lees or Encik Johans.
6. DETERMINERS
1. There are also __________ (more/most/much/many) theme parks and nature parks.
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2. Therefore, tourists will be able to visit the_________( some/many/much/few)

interesting places here.
3. __________(All/Less/Few/Some)people also suffer from sore throat, headache and

fever.
7. PREPOSITIONS.
1. Besides, they would not be discouraged________ (by/on/ to /in) their failures.
2. Malaysians enjoy a diversity ________ (at/of/along/between) cultures and traditions.
3. One can get anything _________ (in/with/from/for) traditional food to international

cuisine.
4. So look around ______ (off/for/by/at) firewood.
5. Preventive measures can be taken to avoid being bitten ________(by/from/with/in) a

cold bug.
6. If you suffer __________( of/for/with/from) a cold, you should rest.
7. I am Inspector Hasrul Mishak of the Crime Prevention Department

___________(at/of/for/with) The Royal Malaysian Police.
8. Last ______(or/so/but/and) not least ,make sure that they are under adult
supervision at all times.
Fill the newspaper article below with the suitable prepositions.
KOTA MARUDU: Slowly, but surely, SK Sungai Magandai is churning out educated youths
1(______) remote villages located deep in the forests here.
A total of 151 children from seven villages attend the primary school here. One-third
2(______) them live in a RM 1 million hostel built last year.
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A preschool building is also being built in the area, spelling hope 3(______) the
community made up largely 4(______) the Kadazandusun Sonsogon sub-tribe.
Former volunteer tutor Basil Imah said education had come a long way for the people
5(______) the remote area, who are mostly farmers.
Not many of us attended school in the area 6(______) a makeshift school was built
here 7(______)1996, he said, referring to a small wooden building.
The facility, an initiative of the Sabah Journalist Association, today serves as a

resource centre for SK Sungai Magandai.
In 1999, a primary school was built 8(______) the government, which has 9(______)
expanded with 13 teachers and a hostel sponsored by Astro.
I no longer teach but 10(______) the years, I have seen a lot of improvement
11(______) the help from people we dont even know, said the 40-year old farmer.
12(______)the school was built, the nearest school was SK Samparita, which takes
13(______)two days to reach on foot from Sungai Magandai.
Back then, most children would stay 14 (______) homes and help their families. I
was one of the few lucky ones, said Basil, who studied up 15(______) Form Five.
Transporter Kenny Leong, who uses a four-wheel drive to shuttle people to remote
locations, said it took nearly four hours 16(______)reach the school 17(______)the town.
He recently ferried a group of volunteers and teachers 18 (______) a special

programme organised by Astro for pupils sitting the Ujian Pencapaian Sekolah Rendah
examination. Under the Astro Kasih programme, 21 Year Six pupils here were given
intensive tutoring.
8. ADJECTIVES
1 That old man can walk much _______ than his friends.
A fast
B faster
C fastest
D very fast
2 This road is __________ than it used to be ten years ago when my family lived here.
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A busy
B as busy as
C busiest
D busier
3 The rose is a flower with __________ thorns but __________ smell.

A soft, long
B dry, high
C short, rough
D sharp, sweet
4 The carpenter pulled out the __________ nail and threw it away.
A rusty
B heavy
C short
D expensive
5 Mr Sheng is the __________ man I have ever met. He always helps the __________
in his housing estate.
A kind, poor
B kindest, poor
C kinder, poorest
D kindest, poorest
6 Johan was carrying the __________ parcel of all and Hock Lian has __________.
A big, smallest
B bigger, smaller
C bigger, smallest
D biggest, the smallest
7 The mango is a fruit with __________ skin and a __________ seed.

A thorny, sharp
B hairy, soft
C rough, hard
D smooth, hard
8 Among the teachers, the headmaster has the __________ car.

A expensive
B less expensive
C most expensive
D more expensive
9 The __________ animal in the world is the blue whale.

A large
B larger
C largest
D as large as
10 The watermelon is a __________ fruit with __________ skin.

A heavy, thorny
B tiny, rough
C heavy, smooth
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D small, long
11 You should not wear ___________ shirt because there are germs on it.
A big
B old
C dirty
D expensive
12 Ramesh is as __________ as his father and follows his foot step to be a surgeon.
A intelligent
B more intelligent
C most intelligent
D very intelligent
13 The movie was so __________ that my little brother closed his eyes almost
throughout.
A dull
B exciting
C surprising
D frightening
14 The eagles have a clear and __________ vision.

A heavy
B light
C sharp
D bright
15 It is _____________ to live in the countryside than in the city.

A best
B good
C better
D as good as
9. CONNECTORS
A. LOGICAL CONNECTORS
1. There are also many interesting ways to exercise. For instance, dance your way to
good health by attending aerobics classes. _________( Moreover/However/Although/
Despite), you could also consider musical stretch-outs and line dancing.
2. Set up your tent when you reach the campsite. ____________, (Meanwhile/However/
Finally/Then), organise the things that you have carried along with you.
B. SEQUENCE CONNECTORS
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1. Firstly, avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth with your hands.__________,
(Finally/Later/Next/Soon), always cover your mouth when sneezing.
WORD POWER
19
break bring
break down fail to function bring about cause to happen
have a physical or mental bring forth give birth to

collapse
break in interrupt a discussion bring forward draw attention to something
burgle bring on cause to happen or appear
soften with use (shoes) bring round persuade
break off discontinue (therapy, cause to recover consciousness

relationship)
break out escape from prison, begin bring up rear, educate a child
suddenly
break up end a relationship mention
vomit
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call carry
call back return a phone call carry away remove
call for require inspire, affect emotionally
call in communicate by phone carry off take away (by force)
consult a specialist win
call off cancel remove, degrade (earth)
call out read names aloud carry on continue
order workers to strike carry out accomplish, make
call on request somebody to do carry through complete

something
call up reach by phone bring out of difficulties
summon for military services
come come
come about happen, to be achieved come down to mean, signify
come across find/meet by chance come down with fall sick with
come after follow come in enter, be received
come at attack prove to be
reach, discover come in for receive, be object of (criticism)
come back return come off become detached
come by pass, go past, visit come out become known, be published
buy, get be removed (stain)
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come down fall (price) come over come from a distance
come come
come round visit somebody come up with produce an idea
recover consciousness
come to amount to do
arrive/reach a place do away with abolish
come up be mentioned/discussed kill
(problem) arise do up dress up
come up against be faced with (problems) fasten, secure (clothing)
come upon find/meet by chance do with need
come up to match (a standard) do without not require
fall fall
fall apart fall into pieces fall out with quarrel with
fall behind fail to keep up pace fall through fail, miscarry
fall for be in love with fall to start an activity eagerly
be deceived by
fall in with meet by chance
coincide with
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fall off decrease
drop from
fall out quarrel
get get
get across communicate (an idea) get out disembark (car, taxi)
get along be in good terms with get over recover (illness, upset)
somebody
get away escape get through pass (an exam)
get away with escape (punishment) be connected on the phone
get by manage, cope get to reach
get down to turn one's attention to get up rise from bed after sleeping
something
get in enter (car, taxi)
get off disembark (bus, train etc.)
get on enter (bus, train etc.)
go go
go against be contrary to (principles, go off explode

rules)
go along with take the same view deteriorate (food)
go away depart begin to sound (alarm)
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go down become less go out leave the house
decrease in price strike
sink (ship) go over inspect the details of something
set (sun) go past pass
go for pick up, go and get go round visit informally
go on continue
go keep
go through deal with keep away prevent from / avoid being near
discuss in detail keep back withhold
experience something (usually keep down not to increase

bad)
go up increase in price keep off avoid (a topic)
explode stay away
go with match keep on not stopping doing something
keep up continue, carry on
keep up with not to fall behind somebody
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look look
look after take care of look through pretend not to see
look down on regard with a feeling of examine the contents of

superiority something
look for seek look up consult a reference book
look forward to anticipate with pleasure look up to respect
look into investigate (a crime)
look on be a spectator
regard
look out be careful
look over inspect hastily
make put
make for have/produce a particular put across express in an understandable

effect way
make off run away put back put something to its proper place
make out recognise, distinguish lay money aside for the future
make up constitute, form move back the hands of a clock
invent a lie put by save for later use
put together, prepare put down repress
apply cosmetics write down
make up for compensate store (food)
regain (time) put down to give as a reason, attribute to
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put put
put forward move forward the hands of a put up build

clock
suggest, propose raise (hand)
put in for be a candidate for an election provide accommodation for
put on dress oneself with offer for sale
tease put up with tolerate, accept
gain (weight)
put off postpone
put out extinguish (a fire, light)
put through connect somebody by phone
run run
run after chase run out of exhaust one's stock
run away escape, flee run over overflow
run down knock down, collide with study quickly
feel weak due to overwork pass over, knock down
run in imprison run up against meet with difficulties
run into meet by chance
run off escape, flee
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run out run outside
become used up
set take
set aside reserve for later use take after follow somebody as an example
set back hinder, slow down a progress resemble in appearance
set down write down take down write down
set off cause to explode take in understand (meaning)
start a journey deceive
set up start business take off undress
begin flight (plane)
take to develop a habit
take up with begin to associate with
turn take
turn down diminish the intensity take up continue, proceed
reject become interested in
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turn in hand in
turn off switch off
turn on switch on
turn out switch off
turn over bring the reverse side up
turn up increase the intensity
make an appearance
SYNONYMS FOR WORDS COMMONLY USED IN STUDENT'S WRITINGS
1.Amazing
- incredible, unbelievable, improbable, fabulous, wonderful, fantastic, astonishing, astounding,
extraordinary
2.Anger
- enrage, infuriate, arouse, nettle, exasperate, inflame, madden
3.Angry
- mad, furious, enraged, excited, wrathful, indignant, exasperated, aroused, inflamed
4.Answer
- reply, respond, retort, acknowledge
5.Ask
- question, inquire of, seek information from, put a question to, demand, request, expect, inquire,
query, interrogate, examine, quiz
6.Awful
- dreadful, terrible, abominable, bad, poor, unpleasant
7.Bad
- evil, immoral, wicked, corrupt, sinful, depraved, rotten, contaminated, spoiled, tainted, harmful,
injurious,unfavorable, defective, inferior, imperfect, substandard, faulty, improper, inappropriate,
unsuitable, disagreeable,unpleasant, cross, nasty, unfriendly, irascible, horrible, atrocious,
outrageous, scandalous, infamous, wrong, noxious,sinister, putrid, snide, deplorable, dismal, gross,
heinous, nefarious, base, obnoxious, detestable, despicable,contemptible, foul, rank, ghastly,
execrable
8.Beautiful
- pretty, lovely, handsome, attractive, gorgeous, dazzling, splendid, magnificent, comely, fair,
ravishing, graceful, elegant, fine, exquisite, aesthetic, pleasing, shapely, delicate, stunning, glorious,
heavenly, resplendent, radiant, glowing, blooming, sparkling
9.Begin
- start, open, launch, initiate, commence, inaugurate, originate
28
10.Big
- enormous, huge, immense, gigantic, vast, colossal, gargantuan, large, sizable, grand, great, tall,
substantial, mammoth, astronomical, ample, broad, expansive, spacious, stout, tremendous, titanic,
mountainous
11.Brave
- courageous, fearless, dauntless, intrepid, plucky, daring, heroic, valorous, audacious, bold,
gallant, valiant, doughty, mettlesome
12.Break
- fracture, rupture, shatter, smash, wreck, crash, demolish, atomize
13.Bright
- shining, shiny, gleaming, brilliant, sparkling, shimmering, radiant, vivid, colourful, lustrous, luminous,
incandescent, intelligent, knowing, quick-witted, smart, intellectual
14.Calm
- quiet, peaceful, still, tranquil, mild, serene, smooth, composed, collected, unruffled, level-headed,
unexcited, detached, aloof
15.Come
- approach, advance, near, arrive, reach
16.Cool
- chilly, cold, frosty, wintry, icy, frigid
17.Crooked
- bent, twisted, curved, hooked, zigzag
18.Cry
- shout, yell, yowl, scream, roar, bellow, weep, wail, sob, bawl
19.Cut
- gash, slash, prick, nick, sever, slice, carve, cleave, slit, chop, crop, lop, reduce
20.Dangerous
- perilous, hazardous, risky, uncertain, unsafe
21.Dark
- shadowy, unlit, murky, gloomy, dim, dusky, shaded, sunless, black, dismal, sad
29
TEST YOUR WORD POWER
Exercise 1.
The school committee has designed a new uniform for the school. The nice a.
girl in Form 3 Al Batani who leads the Art Club actually drew it. Her teacher
thought it was nice, so that she passed it on to the committee. They were b.
not too happy about the collar, which was quite large, and they reduced it.
Now it looks quite nice. c.
Her parents saw it last night in a fashion parade. Two models, one male and
the other female, walked nicely in front of the crowd. The students and d.
parents decided that it was a nice idea to have a new uniform. We shall put a e.
nice article about it in the next edition of the school newsletter. f.
Exercise 2.
Fireman Faizal has been awarded the highest medal for bravery. In May last year,
the Kerteh fire brigade was called to put out fire in a primary school. By the time
the fire brigade got there, the fire was well alight. The team of firemen were well a.
qualified to put out the fires. Their equipment had been improved so that it was
b.
very good at putting out fires. A teacher came up to the firemen and told them
that one boy was missing. He had been with the group when they left the c.
classroom. Fireman Faizal immediately put on the breathing gear and followed the
good directions of the teacher.
d.
First of all, he went into the blazing classroom, but he could see nothing. He raced
out into the corridor and behind all the smoke, he thought he saw an object on the
floor. Quickly, the good fireman raced down the corridor to the object. It was the
e.
young boy. His clothes and body were blackened but he was not burnt. He had
stayed close to the ground and followed the good instructions he had received on
f.
fire evacuation. He had simply lost consciousness. Fireman Faizal picked him up in
his arms and carried him out to the waiting crowd. They gave a good cheer when
30
they saw Faizal carrying the missing student. g.
As soon as he was out of the building, Fireman Faizal ripped off his breathing
31
32
33
PHRASAL VERBS
A.Complete the sentence with the right word.
34
1. We're looking ______O)a new house
2. ______ off your jacket and sit down.
3. I usually get ______ at 7.00.
4. Please ______ that noisy music down.
5. I need to ______ up a word in the dictionary.

6. Turn______your computer and have your lunch.
7. I'm going to throw ______these old papers.
8. Go and try______this lovely jacket.

9. I sometimes look ______ the dog.
10. I'll call Arif ______ tomorrow.
B. Choose the correct particle to complete the sentence.
1. Can you call me BACK/ DOWN when you get this message?
2. Slow BACK/ DOWN ! Now, tell me again what happened.
3. You should cut OUT/ DOWN on the amount of work you do at the weekend and spend more time
with your family.
4. I'll try one more time. If that doesn't work, I give UP/ DOWN.
5. My sister broke UP/ DOWN with her boyfriend last month, but they're back together now.
6. Where's the milk? I must have left one of the bags OUT/ BEHIND in the supermarket.
7. They've knocked OUT/ DOWN five shops to build a huge new cinema complex.
8. Please put the butter BACK/ OUT in the fridge when you've finished with it.
9. We were all sitting quietly when Khalid suddenly burst ALOUD/ OUT laughing.
10. Watch UP/OUT! That bike nearly hit us.
11. I never want to see you in my house again. Get OUT/ OFF !
12. A couple of our local shops have closed UP/DOWN. They weren't making a profit.
13. She carried ON/OUT playing for a year after the injury, but she was never the same player.
14. We'll need to set AWAY/ OFF early if we want to miss the traffic
Synonyms
35
Synonyms are words that have almost the same meaning.
Synonyms for big: large, huge, gigantic
A.Circle the 2 synonyms for each set of words.
1. toasty chilly cool comfortable
2. walk crawl stroll run
3. argue scare confuse frighten
4. bravery honesty courage winner
5. cook drink eat munch
6. record paint draw sketch
B.Write a synonym for each word.
7. thin _____________________ 8. tiny _____________________
9. store _____________________ 10. fall _____________________
11. see _____________________ 12. friendly _____________________
13. tasty _____________________ 14. silent _____________________
15. smelly _____________________16. smile _____________________
17. think _____________________ 18. break _____________________
Synonyms
36
C.Choose the correct synonym for each underline word below.
1. Bob was looking for the correct answer to this problem.
A. rejoin B. reply C. ask D. borrow
2. I like studying about animals the most.
A. hate B. absent C. enjoy D. difficult
3. I chose to study the differences between alligators and crocodiles for a project at school.
A. decide B. made C. bought D. washed
4. My goal is to become a naturalist.
A. thought B. reward C. study D. desire
5. The best learning comes through observing things in nature.
A. changing B. seeing C. hearing D. touching
6. I like going into the wild to study.
A. lab B. city C. ocean D. outdoors
7.The project worked exactly as planned.
A. found B. arranged C. made D. worked
8. I recorded my findings in a journal.
A. taped B. used C. locked D. wrote
9. Then I compared what I had observed with what books had to say.
A. matched B. questioned C. changed D. mailed
10. If there was any difference, I consulted my teacher.
A. yelled B. directed C. asked D. begged
11. Together we explored possible theories.
A. ideas B. facts C. answers D. questions
SLOT 2 (OH! MY GRAMMAR)
37
ANSWERS:
Pg 15 : Test 1 8.D 3.CONJUCTIONS
11. alone 9.D 1.and
12.is 10.D 2. hence
13. women 3.or
14.of
15.if GRAMMAR EXERCISES 4.PRONOUNS
16.have BASED ON THE PAST YEAR
17.like QUESTIONS ( 200-2011) A.DEMONSTRATIVE
18.their 1.VERBS PRONOUNS
19.fallen A. to infinitive 1. that
20.the 1. take
2.enjoy B. PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Page 15 : Test 2 3. live 1. them
11.is 4. bring 2. it
12.closely
13.has B. SUBJECT-VERB- C. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
14.larger AGREEMENT 1. themselves
15.the 1. are
16.in 2. has D.RELATIVE PRONOUNS
17found 3.are 1.who
18.early 4.help 2.which
19.breed 5.is 3.which
20.many 6.is
7.permits 5.LINKERS
Pg 16 : Text 1 8.it 1. however
1.B 9.are 2. how
2.D 10.is 3.easily
3.A 11. accompanies 4. anywhere
4.C
5.B C. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 6. DETERMINERS
6.A 1. deal 1. many
7.B 2.celebrate 2.many
8.C 3.some
9.D D. MODALS
10.A 1. explore 7. PREPOSITIONS
2. may 1. by
Page 17 : Text 2 3.avoid 2.of
1.C 3.from
2.C E. GERUNDS 4.for
3.D 1. giving 5.by
4.A 2.spending 6.from
5.D 2.ARTICLES 7.Of
6.A 1. the 8.but
7.C
38
8.ADJECTIVES b. attractive 1. drop out

1. suitable c. smart 2. eat out
d. pleasantly/proudly 3.figure out
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES e. good 4. find out
1.your f. respectable 5. hand- out
2.your 6. iron out
3.your Exercise 2 7.leave out
a. thoroughly/very much 8. pass out
9.CONNECTORS b. fully 9. put out
c. effective 10. ask out
A.LOGICAL CONNECTORS d. accurate 11.bear out
1.morever e. brave/courageous 12. break out
2.then f. precise/proper 13.carry out
g. loud/appreciate 14. check out
B. SEQUENCE CONNECTORS h. deep 15. count out
1. next i. hearty 16.come out
17.die out
Pg.23 : Prepositions PHRASAL VERB PYRAMID 18.draw out
1.from 1.on
2.of 2. up EXERCISE (pg.39)
3.for 3.out A.1. for
4.of 4.off 2.take
5.in 5.away 3.up
6.until 6.down 4.turn
7.in 7.aside 5.look
8.by 8.under 6.off
9.since 9.across 7.away
10.over 10.behind 8.on
11.with 11.forward 9.after
12.before 12.through 10.back
13.about 13.together
14.at B.1.back
15.to 2.down
16.to 3.down
17.from 4.up
18.for 5.up
6.behind
7.down
8.back
SLOT 3(TEST YOUR 9.out
POWER) 10.out
Exercise 1 PHRASAL VERBS FLASH 11.out
a. helpful/artistic CARDS 12.down 13.on 14.off
SYNONYMS
A.
39
1.chilly, cool
2.walk,stroll
3.scare,frighten
4.bravery,courage
5. eat ,munch
6.draw,sketch
B.
7.slim/lean/slender
8.small/little/petite
9.supply/provide/equip
10.drop/go down/collapse
11.view/look/discover/observe
12.kind/pleasant/amicable
13.savoury/palatable/delicious
14.quiet/mute/still/noiseless
15.fetid/stinking/foetid
16.grin
17.consider/imagine/suppose
18.crack/fracture/smash
C.
1.B
2.C
3.A
4.D
5.B
6.D
7.B
8.D
9.A
10.C
11.A
40
SENTENCE
BUILDER
Varying Sentence Structure
41
To make your writing more interesting, you should try to vary your sentences in terms of length and
structure. You can make some of your sentences long and others short.
Read the paragraphs below. Choose the paragraph that is more effective.
1) I love living in the city. I have a wonderful view of the entire city. I have an apartment. I can
see the Golden Gate Bridge. I can see many cargo ships pass under the bridge each day. I
like the restaurants in San Francisco. I can find wonderful food from just about every
country. I dont like the traffic in the city.
2) I love living in the city of San Francisco. I have a wonderful view of the entire city from my
apartment window. In addition, I can see the Golden Gate Bridge under which many cargo
ships pass each day. I also like San Francisco because I can find wonderful restaurants with
food from just about every country; however, I dont like the traffic in the city.
How do you vary sentence structure?
You will want to use a variety of sentence structures in your writing. There are three types of
sentences we will study in this lesson:
- Simple Sentence
- Compound Sentence
- Complex Sentence
1. The Simple Sentence
A simple sentence has one independent clause (one subject and a verb):
I live in San Francisco.
Subject verb
2. Compound Sentence
A compound sentence contains two independent clauses that are joined together.
She works in the city, but she lives in the suburbs.
Independent Clause Independent Clause
You can make a compound sentence by joining two logically related independent clauses by
using
1) a semicolon - ( Independent Clause ; Independent Clause )
42
Eg: I love living in the city ; there are so many things to do.
2) a coordinating conjunction
(Independent Clause ,coordinating conjunction Independent Clause)
Eg: He couldnt watch the show , so he decided to record it.
coordinating conjunction
Coordinating Conjunctions
Logical Relationship Coordinating Conjunction
Addition And
Contrast But, yet
Choice Or, nor
Cause For
Result So
Another way to remember these is
For F
And A
Nor N
But B
Or O
Yet Y
So S
### FANBOYS
CAUTION! Do NOT use a comma every time you use the words and, or, but, nor, for, so, yet. Use a
comma only when the coordinating conjunction joins two independent clauses
Eg: The necklace was beautiful but expensive. (Simple Sentence)
Independent Clause No comma- not an independent clause
43
3) a transition ( Independent Clause ; transition , Independent Clause )
Eg : I love San Francisco ; however, I hate the traffic
; transition ,
LISTS OF TRANSITIONS.
Relationship Transition
Addition Moreover
Complex
Furthermore
Sentences
In addition
Besides A complex
sentence
Contrast However On the contrary
contains at least
In contrast On the other hand
one
Result or Effect Consequently Accordingly independent
Thus Hence clause and one
Therefore As a result dependent
clause.
Reinforcement/Emphasis Indeed
In fact Eg : John
cannot set up his
Exemplification For example typewrter
For instance because the
In particular wall has no
outlet.
Time Meanwhile (at the same time)
Subsequently (after)
Thereafter (after)
Indepen
Reinforcement/Emphasis Indeed dent Clause
In fact
Depend
ent Clause Subordinating Conjunction
44
Eg: She will go to school in the city until she finds a job.
Independent Clause Dependent Clause
Subordinating Conjunction
### Use a comma after a dependent clause if it begins the sentence.
Eg : When I first moved to the city , I was afraid to drive the steep and narrow streets.
Subordinating Conjunction Use a comma if the dependent clause Independent Clause

is the first part of the sentence.
Exercises
A. Underline the two independent clauses in each of these compound sentences. Circle or box the
coordinating conjunction that joins them.
1. The dangers of smoking are well known, yet many people continue to smoke anyway.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. It's important to put your goals in writing, but you must also be committed to achieving them.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. An assignment notebook helps you stay organized, so you should consider using one.
______________________________________________________________________________
45
4. You will be able to see better if you sit at the front of the classroom, and you will also be able to
hear better.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. He must have lost his key, for he knocked on the door for us to let him in.
______________________________________________________________________________
B. Directions: Use a coordinating conjunction to join each pair of the independent clauses into a
compound sentence.
Example:
The dictionary contains definitions of words.

It also contains a great deal of other information.
-The dictionary contains definitions of words, and it also contains a great deal of other information.
-The dictionary contains definitions of words, but it also contains a great deal of other information
1. Spelling is hard for many people. There are techniques for improving spelling.
_____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Tony is an excellent student. He received a scholarship.

______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. The library is a quiet place to study. Many students prefer to study at home.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Some rivers are endangered. Many people are working to protect them.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Wear your seatbelt. You might be injured.

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
C : Combine these ideas to make create a single sentence from each set. You will need to use
conjunctions, along with commas and semicolons. Some sets of sentences can be combined more
than one way.
Examples ; Mega loves ballets , tap and jazz. She majored in accounting raher than dance.
46
- Although Mega loves ballets , tap and jazz , she majored in accounting raher than dance.
OR
- Mega loves ballets , tap and jazz , but she majored in accounting raher than dance.
1. There are many theories about why dinosaurs disappeared. One theory is that the climate
became too cold.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. It's important to check the repair record of a new car you are considering buying. It can
save you from buying a lemon.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Independence Day is celebrated July 4. Many people call the holiday the Fourth of July.
______________________________________________________________________________
4. A word's etymology is its origin and history. It can be found at the end of the dictionary
entry for a word.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Leopards eat birds, monkeys, and reptiles. This means they have to be able to hunt in
trees as well as on the ground.
______________________________________________________________________________
6. The life a person leads leaves clues in the body. Researchers are often able to figure out
how ancient people lived, what they ate, their occupation, and perhaps the cause of death.
______________________________________________________________________________
7. Workers used to retire at age 65. Many of them now find that they cannot afford to stop
working.
______________________________________________________________________________
8. Aesop is known for the fables. Fables are stories designed to teach a lesson or moral.
______________________________________________________________________________
9. Writing takes time. No one produces a perfect, finished copy on the first try.
______________________________________________________________________________
10. Noise is an external stress. Worry is an internal one.
______________________________________________________________________________
Construction of the Passive Voice

The structure of the passive voice is very simple:
subject + auxiliary verb (be) + main verb (past participle)
47
The main verb is always in its past participle form. Look at these examples:
Subject auxiliary verb (to be) main verb (past participle)
Water is Drunk by everyone.
100 people are Employed by this company.
I am Paid in euro.
We are not Paid in dollars.
Are they Paid in yen?
Use of the Passive Voice

We use the passive when:
we want to make the active object more important

we do not know the active subject
subject Verb object
give importance to active object President by Lee Harvey

was killed
(President Kennedy) Kennedy Oswald.
has been
active subject unknown My wallet ?
stolen.
Conjugation for the Passive Voice

We can form the passive in any tense. In fact, conjugation of verbs in the
passive tense is rather easy, as the main verb is always in past participle form
and the auxiliary verb is always be. To form the required tense, we conjugate
the auxiliary verb. So, for example:
present simple: It is made

present continuous: It is being made
present perfect: It has been made
Here are some examples with most of the possible tenses:
Infinitive to be washed
48
present It is washed.
past It was washed.
Simple
future It will be washed.
conditional It would be washed.
present It is being washed.
Past It was being washed.
Continuous
Future It will be being washed.
conditional It would be being washed.
Present It has been washed.
Past It had been washed.
perfect simple
Future It will have been washed.
conditional It would have been washed.
Present It has been being washed.
Past It had been being washed.
perfect It will have been being
continuous Future
washed.
It would have been being
conditional
washed.
Hadrian's Wall
Fill the gaps with the correct tenses (active or passive voice).
49
1. In the year 122 AD, the Roman Emperor Hadrian (visit) his provinces in
Britain.
2. On his visit, the Roman soldiers (tell) him that Pictish tribes from
Britain's north (attack) them.
3. So Hadrian (give) the order to build a protective wall across one of the
narrowest parts of the country.
4. After 6 years of hard work, the Wall (finish) in 128.
5. It (be) 117 kilometres long and about 4 metres high.
6. The Wall (guard) by 15,000 Roman soldiers.
7. Every 8 kilometres there (be) a large fort in which up to 1,000 soldiers
(find) shelter.
8. The soldiers (watch) over the frontier to the north and (check)
the people who (want) to enter or leave Roman Britain.
9. In order to pass through the Wall, people (must go) to one of the small
forts that (serve) as gateways.
10. Those forts (call) milecastles because the distance from one fort to
another (be) one Roman mile (about 1,500 metres).
11. Between the milecastles there (be) two turrets from which the soldiers
(guard) the Wall.
12. If the Wall (attack) by enemies, the soldiers at the turrets (run)
to the nearest milecastle for help or (light) a fire that (can /
see) by the soldiers in the milecastle.
13. In 383 Hadrian's Wall (abandon) .
14. Today Hadrian's Wall (be) the most popular tourist attraction in northern
England.
15. In 1987, it (become) a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
50
RALAT SLOT 4 SENTENCE BUILDER
Use of Passive
Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not
known; however, who or what is performing the action.
Example: My bike was stolen.
Form of Passive
Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs)

Example: A mistake was made.
Irregular Verbs List
This is a list of some irregular verbs in English. Of course, there are many others, but
these are the more common irregular verbs.
V1 V2 V3
Base Form Past Simple Past Participle
awake Awoke Awoken
be was, were Been
beat Beat Beaten
become Became Become
begin Began Begun
bend Bent Bent
bet Bet Bet
bid Bid Bid
bite Bit Bitten
blow Blew Blown
break Broke Broken
bring Brought Brought
broadcast Broadcast Broadcast
build Built Built
burn burned/burnt burned/burnt
51
buy Bought Bought
catch Caught Caught
choose Chose Chosen
come Came Come
cost Cost Cost
cut Cut Cut
dig Dug Dug
do Did Done
draw Drew Drawn
dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt
drive Drove Driven
drink Drank Drunk
eat Ate Eaten
fall Fell Fallen
feel Felt Felt
fight Fought Fought
find Found Found
fly Flew Flown
forget Forgot Forgotten
forgive Forgave Forgiven
freeze Froze Frozen
get Got got (sometimes gotten)
give Gave Given
go Went Gone
grow Grew Grown
hang Hung Hung
52
have Had Had
hear Heard Heard
hide Hid Hidden
hit Hit Hit
hold Held Held
hurt Hurt Hurt
keep Kept Kept
know Knew Known
lay Laid Laid
lead Led Led
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt
leave Left Left
lend Lent Lent
let Let Let
lie Lay Lain
lose Lost Lost
make Made Made
mean Meant Meant
meet Met Met
pay Paid Paid
put Put Put
read Read Read
ride Rode Ridden
ring Rang Rung
rise Rose Risen
run Ran Run
53
say Said Said
see Saw Seen
sell Sold Sold
send Sent Sent
show Showed showed/shown
shut Shut Shut
sing Sang Sung
sit Sat Sat
sleep Slept Slept
speak Spoke Spoken
spend Spent Spent
stand Stood Stood
swim Swam swum
take Took taken
teach Taught taught
tear Tore torn
tell Told told
think Thought thought
throw Threw thrown
understand Understood understood
wake Woke woken
wear Wore worn
win Won won
write Wrote written
54
Answers for Hadrian's Wall
Fill the gaps with the correct tenses (active or passive voice).
1. In the year 122 AD, the Roman Emperor Hadrian visited his provinces in Britain.
2. On his visit, the Roman soldiers told him that Pictish tribes from Britain's north had
attacked them.
3. So Hadrian gave the order to build a protective wall across one of the narrowest
parts of the country.
4. After 6 years of hard work, the Wall was finished in 128.
5. It was 117 kilometres long and about 4 metres high.
6. The Wall was guarded by 15,000 Roman soldiers.
7. Every 8 kilometres there was a large fort in which up to 1,000 soldiers found shelter.
8. The soldiers watched over the frontier to the north and checked the people
who wanted to enter or leave Roman Britain.
9. In order to pass through the Wall, people had to go to one of the small forts
that served as gateways.
10. Those forts were called milecastles because the distance from one fort to
another was one Roman mile (about 1,500 metres).
11. Between the milecastles there were two turrets from which the soldiers guarded the
Wall.
12. If the Wall was attacked by enemies, the soldiers at the turrets ran to the nearest
milecastle for help or lit a fire that could be seen by the soldiers in the milecastle.
13. In 383 Hadrian's Wall was abandoned.
14. Today Hadrian's Wall is the most popular tourist attraction in northern England.
15. In 1987, it became a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Passive Voice - Exercises on Form
Write passive sentences in Simple Present.
1. the documents / print
2. the window / open
3. the shoes / buy
4. the car / wash
5. the litter / throw away
6. the letter / send
7. the book / read / not
8. the songs / sing / not
55
9. the food / eat / not
10. the shop / close / not
Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.
1. He opens the door.

Eg: The door is opened by him.
2. We set the table.

___________________________________________________
3. She pays a lot of money.

___________________________________________________
4. I draw a picture.
____________________________________________________
5. They wear blue shoes.
_____________________________________________________
6. They don't help you.
______________________________________________________
7. He doesn't open the book.
______________________________________________________
8. You do not write the letter.
_______________________________________________________
9. Does your mum pick you up?
_______________________________________________________
10. Does the police officer catch the thief?
______________________________________________________
56
Complete the sentences (Active or Passive Voice). Use Simple Present.
1. He (sell) cars.
2. The blue car (sell) .
3. In summer, more ice-cream (eat) than in winter.
4. She (call) her grandparents every Friday.
5. The letters (type) .

6. He (take) his medicine every day.
7. Jane (take / not) to school by her father.
8. We (go) to school by bus.
9. She (work / not) for a bank.

10. Milk (keep) in the refrigerator.
Write passive sentences in Simple Past.
1. the test / write
2. the table / set
3. the cat / feed
4. the lights / switch on
5. the house / build
6. dinner / serve
7. this computer / sell / not
8. the car / stop / not
9. the tables / clean / not
10. the children / pick up / not
57
Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.

1. She sang a song.
The song was sung by her.
2. Somebody hit me.
____________________________________________________
3. We stopped the bus.
____________________________________________________
4. A thief stole my car.
____________________________________________________
5. They didn't let him go.
____________________________________________________
6. She didn't win the prize.
____________________________________________________
7. They didn't make their beds.
_____________________________________________________
8. I did not tell them.

_____________________________________________________
9. Did you tell them?
_____________________________________________________
10. Did he send the letter?
_____________________________________________________
Complete the sentences (Active or Passive Voice). Use Simple Past.

1. They (visit) their granny.
2. We (visit) by our teacher.
3. My friend Paul (bear) in Dallas.
4. She (go) to school in Boston.
5. Antony (grow up) in the country.
6. The new shopping centre (build) last year.
7. The film (produce / not) in Hollywood.
8. Barbara (know) James very well.
58
9. The jewels (hide / not) in the cellar.

10. We (spend / not) all day on the beach.
SLOT 5
59
LETS WRITE 1
60
SOME INFORMATION AND GUIDELINES IN GIVING RESPONSE TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF

ESSAYS
1. Letter Writing Informal letter a letter to relative (2006)

2. Article (2009)
3. Narrative (2007 & 2010)
4. Descriptive account (2005)
5. Report (2005)
6. Argumentative (2011)
SPEECH
Greet your audience in a correct manner (based on the situation stated in the question)
Do not use non-Eng words
Use present tense throughout the essay
Mention the topic and the purpose of delivering the speech in the introduction paragraph.
End your speech politely
ARTICLE
Is published normally in the newspapers, bulletins, magazines and etc.
Is written to give information to the readers.
Write an interesting introduction to capture the interest of the reader
End your article with a suitable conclusion
The tense used is based on the question
Example of the question:

1. Write an article on A Healthy Lifestyle to be published in the newspapers.
2. Write an article on your visit to The Old Folks Home recently.
DESCRIPTIVE
Describe own experience/Describe an event/incident
Account write a normal essay (single picture)
Recount sequence of events writing a diary or journal (series of pictures)
Should be as interesting as possible
Should be written in past tense
Example of the questions:

1. Describe your experience going on a trip .
2. Describe an interesting event happened in your school that you have experienced recently.
3. Imagine that you are a person in a picture. Describe what had happened.
NARRATIVE
Act as a narrator 3rd person
Should be creative and interesting to capture the interest of the reader
Narrate a story of the given subject matter
Should be written in past tense
Example of the questions:

1. From the picture(s) given, write a story
2. From the rubrics given, write a story and give a suitable title.
3. From the pictures given, write a story and create the ending as interesting as possible.
REPORT
Is a piece of writing which gives information about something that has happened.
It almost the same as a recount/account, only that it has format; normally you as a secretary
or one of the members ~ acts as representative.
Is written in past tense
61
Example of the question

1. The Geography Club of SMK Lembah Bidong had made a trip to Langkawi recently.
As a secretary of the club, write a report about the trip.
2. Using the pictures and notes below, write a report for the school news bulletin about
Teachers Day celebration in your school.
WRITE BETTER FOR BETTER GRADE
Note:
Be familiar with the format so that your essay will be penalized or marked down.
Frequent errors made are usually on Subject Verb Agreement, modals , past tense form and
spelling. Therefore, spend the least 5-10 minutes to check for these mistakes if any.
Always plan before writing
Write an interesting introductory paragraph to get good impression from the readers.
FOCUS: A SPEECH
Pay attention to the greeting and the audience stated in the question.
It is important to state the purpose of your speech clearly.
End your speech with a closing statement. Thank the audience.
Below are some of useful expressions in the introductory paragraph of a speech.
a A very good morning to our Principal, Tn Hj Amir Ismail, teachers and all my friends. Must be error
First of all, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to Mrs Wong for giving me free !
this opportunity to speak today. The title of my speech is
b Good morning everyone. Today I would like to share with you some knowledge that I
have gained during a seminar/talk/course on how ..
c Good morning, Madam Mariam, the principal, teachers and students. I am the
President of Club/Society. The topic of my speech today is .
d Good morning , ladies and gentlemen. I am the President of Club/Society and I

would like to thank everyone for giving me the chance to speak today. The topic of my
speech is
e Good morning to our Principal, Madam Maria , teachers and students. Thank you for
giving me this opportunity to talk about
Some interesting sentences you can use as the ending.
a Well, I hope my speech has given you some ideas of how toThank you for
listening.
b Thank you for lending me your ears. I hope you have gained some ideas/knowledge from my
speech.
62
c. I hope you have found my speech informative/useful. Thank you for listening/Thank you for
lending me your ears.
d I hope my speech has enlightened you on how Thank you for listening.
e All in all, I hope my speech has helped enlighten all of you on the .Let us
work together to make it happen. Thank you.
Read sample Band A essay (A well-developed and an interesting essay )
Good morning , ladies and gentlemen. I would like to thank everyone for giving me the -interesting
chance to speak today on a serious topic which is about dengue fever. As we all know opening
the Ministry of Health Malaysia is giving serious attention to the rising cases of dengue
fever over the last few years. It is known that the dengue infection spread through the bite purpose is
of the Aedes mosquito. Therefore, preventing the spreading of dengue requires stated
cooperation of the community which needs to be further strengthened. Today I will tell you a
number of ways that we must or must not do to overcome this problem.
Ladies and gentlemen,
Cases of dengue occur at home or at places with high breeding areas of mosquitoes. 2nd paragraph
We need to ensure that our houses are free from the Aedes mosquito breeding. This can Main idea
be done by clearing the breeding areas of the mosquitoes. Owners of premises must spare What can be
at least 10 minutes a week to inspect and destroy any Aedes breeding at their own done?
premises. Moreover, awareness campaign on the danger of Aedes needs to be extended to
Suggestion
the schools and private agencies so that each and every one will take responsibility in
hindering the dengue fever.
Aedes mosquito breeds easily during the rainy seasons but can flourish in domestic 3rd paragraph
fresh water, for instance in water that is stored in plastic bags, cans, flowerpots and old
Where?
tyres. Thus, leaving old tyres, empty cans and other unused containers in the garden
must be avoided to eliminate any sources that may contain stagnant water. This will
Why?
encourage mosquitoes to easily breed there.
If we have fish ponds at home, make sure to clean them regularly. If you have a 4th paragraph
pond, you should breed small mosquito-eating fishes to kill the mosquito larva.
Main idea
insecticides can prevent mosquitoes breeding for several weeks. Our surroundings must
also be cleaned all the time. Always clean and check drains to ensure they are not blocked How?
especially during the rainy season. Clear the tall grass and shrubs around our compound to Additional
avoid them from becoming the nest for mosquitoes. information/
Suggestions
Ladies and gentlemen,
In conclusion, follow the above given tips to effectively protect you from the 7th paragraph
problem of dengue. It pays to always be on the safe side by having you and your loved ones Ending-
shielded from the bites of dengue-carrying mosquitoes. Remember, prevention is better
than cure! Thank you for listening.
63
Lets practice
As the President of your schools Club, you have been asked to give a speech during the school
assembly about Losing Weight the Healthy Way.
Use the pictures below to help you talk about the various ways on how to lose weight.
Balanced diet- food pyramid less- fat- drink- enough water
Regular exercise-walking - cycling stick to diet-think positive-
64
Now,lets write the speech
Introductory ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
paragraph ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Main idea
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
& elaboration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Connectors
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Main idea
& elaboration --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Connectors ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
65
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Main idea ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

& elaboration ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Connectors ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ending ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
66
Note: Dont forget to go through the essay to check any mistakes on spelling, SVA and others.
Activity 1
Interesting expressions Choose a few expressions in the box
Use your sensory details see, hear, feel, smell, taste and use them in sentences.
1. _____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
____________
2. _____________________________________
_____________________________________
A. At the beach/ at the seaside / _____________________________________
near a waterfall/ near a picnic area ____________
_____________________________________
- magnificent scenery - breath-taking view ____
- build sandcastles - crystal clear water
- big, shady tree - collect seashells 3. _____________________________________
- tranquillity - white sandy beach _____________________________________
-salt water, fresh water -barbecue _____________________________________
-jungle trekking ____________
4. _____________________________________
____
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
1. _____________________________________
________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
________________
2. _____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
B. Sports Day /1 Malaysia Run _____________________________________
________________
67
3. _____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
-kicked off -march past

-launched by -field events
-starting /finishing line - track events
-officiate the opening ceremony - contingents
- cheering supporters -salute
- cultural performance
Scope: - splendid performance
campaign on cleanliness
1. __________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
________
2. __________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
____________
3. __________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
____________
4. __________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
Scope: Natural disaster-Flood ___________
5. __________________________________
__________________________________
___________________
1. ________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
_________
2. ________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
68
_________
3. ________________________________
Scope: Charity Drive

( Helping the needy) 1. ___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
_________
2. ___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
_________
3. ___________________________________
___
___________________________________
___________________________________
______
4. ___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
_________
5. ___________________________________
Scope : Recycling programme
___________________________________
1. ___________________________________
______
___________________________________
___________________________________
_________
2. ___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
_________
3. ___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
_________
69
4. ___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
_________
SLOT 6
LETS WRITE 2
70
71
72
SECTION A: Writing a recount Point to remember: Identify all the verbs in the notes
given and change them into past tense form!
Writing the introduction : Rephrasing the rubrics. Rubric :. You and your friends went for
a trip to the National Park recently.Based on the pictures and notes below, write a
recount about your experience there.
Writing the content / body of the composition.
Step 1 : Writing main ideas (complete sentences for each point given)
Picture 1 :
arrive - chalet checked-in- unpacked
1. We arrived / checked-in at the chalet

2.We unpacked our things.
.
Picture 2 :
Boat ride crossed river visited Orang Asli settlement
1. We enjoyed the boat ride

2. We crossed the river.
3. We visited the Orang Asli Settlement.
Picture 3 :
Cave explored waterfall - swam
1. We explored the cave.
2. We swam at the waterfall.
Picture 4 :
Jungle trekking flora and fauna took photographs- returned
1. We went jungle trekking.
2. We saw various type of flora and fauna.
3. We took some photographs.
4.We returned to our chalet
73
Writing the conclusion / ending
I really hope that I can go to another trip with my friends again in the future.
74
Step 2 : Writing the sentences in paragraphs:
We arrived / checked-in at the chalet.We unpacked our things. We enjoyed the boat ride
We crossed the river. We visited the Orang Asli Settlement. We explored the cave. We
swam at the waterfall. We went jungle trekking. We saw various type of flora and fauna.
We took some photographs. .We returned to our chalet .I really hope that I can go to
another trip with my friends again in the future.
Step 3 :Add in some details (e.g.: adjectives, adverbs, proper nouns) and use
simple and compound structures or do some organisation of the sentences.
Recently, during the school holidays, my friends and I went on a trip to the National
Park in Pahang. We took a bus to the park . After one and a half hours, we arrived at
our destination.
After that, we checked-in at the chalet and later unpacked our things. As it was a very
tiring journey, we decided to rest for the whole evening.
On the following day, we had our first boat ride to visit the Orang Asli Settlement. We
enjoyed the beautiful scenery while crossing the river. One hour later, we arrived at the
settlement. We were welcomed by the villagers with their tribal dance. We were
served food and drinks by the ladies. Then, after lunch, we had a golden
opportunity to explore the nearest cave.. It was a very memorable experience
looking at the painting on the caves wall. We took some photographs for our
memories. Then, some of us enjoyed swimming at the waterfall near the cave. After a
joyful moment at the waterfall, we returned to our chalet.
The next day, we continued with our next activity which was jungle trekking. There
were many type of flora and fauna which had not been seen by most of us before.
We also enjoyed the amazing view in the unspoiled forest while taking some
photographs. Overwhelmed with Gods creation, we did not notice that it was already
almost dusk. We decided to return to our chalet. After refreshing ourselves, we went to the
cafe to have dinner. Since we were very hungry, we really ate to our hearts content. Then,
we returned to our room and rested for the whole night.
After spending three precious days at the park, we returned home. It was indeed a
new experience to us as we really enjoyed ourselves doing lots of fun activities
there. I really hope that I can go to another trip with my friends again. . Though I had blue
and black all over my body, I really had the most enjoyable time and still treasure the
precious new experience I gained from the trip.
Still can be improved? What can be done?

1. Elaborate more and use more descriptive words and expressions.
2. Always be alert with use of grammatical items.
3. Have a style in your writing! How? Use a variety of structures.
75
An article on the experience at an old folks home
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SPECIAL OPS

Note: Modal Verbs ~ followed by root words

2. Another alternative would be to _______ (enjoying/enjoyed/enjoys/enjoy) an

4. Most importantly, you must not forget to _______(bring/brings/brought/bringing)

B. SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT

1. School holidays ________(is/are/has/have)perfect for parents to spend quality time

2. Not everyone in the family ______(has/had/have/having)the same interests and

4. Hence, it is not surprising that Malaysia __________ (is/are/was/were) a paradise for

5. Many people enjoy camping as a recreation. It _________ (is/are/was/were) quite an

6. If the weather ________ (permit/permits/permitted/permitting), you can sleep

7. It is caused by viruses and normally ______ (take/takes/taken/taking) two to five

8. Viruses causing common colds are very contagious and_______ (is/are/was/were)

9. Today, I am here to speak on an issue which _______ (is/are/was/were) close to our

10. It is better if there is an adult who ________(accompany/accompanies/accompanied/

C. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

1. They should however, be careful about how they _______ (deal/dealt/deals/dealing)

3. They (play, plays) badminton every week.

4. We (have, has) English lessons everyday.

5. Suhaimi rarely (watch, watches) television at home.

6. He (travel, travels) overseas frequently.

7. The gardener (water, waters) the plants every morning.

9. Annie usually (eat, eats) a slice of papaya after lunch.

1. One can ________(explore/explores/explored/exploring) tropical rainforests, hill

2. If you have never gone camping, you ________(can/may/need/must)want to try it out

3. In fact, they should __________(avoid/avoids/avoided/avoiding)them.

4. You must ___________(pay/pays/paid) your grandmother a visit.

5. She will ___________(continue/continued/continues) her work tomorrow.

*Can / could / may / might / must / will / would / shall / should

1. _______ (Deciding/Releasing/Talking/Giving) positive comments will help build right

2. __________ (Spent/Spend/Spends/Spending) time with Mother Nature is a good way

*Starting your sentence : Verb + ing

1. Therefore, planning _______ (so/or/but/and) consulting every member of the family is

5. Lets have a party (since, and) it is the last day of school.

6. Angeline is hardworking, (although, therefore) she does well in her studies.

7. Mr. Surjit stopped working (besides, because) of his ill health.

11. (Besides, Although) my piano lesson, I have to go for my taekwondo class.

12. The littlt girl is pretty ( since, and ) charming.

1. (That/Those) are the houses that belong to the rich man.

2. (That/Those) is my friend; the one in the red dress.

4. Communication (this/these) days is easier and faster.

6. You will become more confident if you read (this/these) books.

7. My sister cooked (this/these) dish but Mum baked (that/those) cake.

8. Water in (that/those) river is so polluted.

9. Please arrange (this/these) chairs behind (that/those) tables over there.

1. My colleague forgot to leave the documents for _______________.

2. Tommy told me to book the plane tickets _______________.

3. Can you tell _______________ what happened, please?

4. I gave them a lift in _______________ car.

5. _______________ live in Manchester.

6. It was _______________ decision to get a divorce.

7. Alison forgot her guitar so I lent her _______________.

8. This is _______________ donut.

9. I need to weigh _______________.

10. _______________ dont know how to play the piano.

11. All the pictures on the wall were _______________.

12. I usually make _______________ something to eat when I get home.

13. Please tell Joanne that those dolls are _______________.

14. Theresa asked _______________ for advice.

15. _______________ am going to the shops in a minute.

4. _ is the boys name and __ was he with?

3 The rose is a flower with thorns but smell.

7 The mango is a fruit with skin and a seed.

10 The watermelon is a fruit with skin.