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    Hysteresis and Eddy Current Losses PDF

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    Venkata Subramanian
    1) Hysteresis loss occurs in magnetic materials due to the lag between magnetic flux density B and magnetic field intensity H during magnetization and demagnetization of the material. It can be calculated using the empirical Steinmetz formula. 2) Eddy currents are induced circulating currents within conductors exposed to changing magnetic fields according to Faraday's law of induction. They cause power losses and heating of the core. 3) Eddy current losses can be minimized by using thin laminated steel plates for the core instead of a solid block, which reduces the cross-sectional area available for eddy currents to flow.

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    Hysteresis and Eddy Current Losses PDF

    Uploaded by

    Venkata Subramanian
    612 views2 pages
    1) Hysteresis loss occurs in magnetic materials due to the lag between magnetic flux density B and magnetic field intensity H during magnetization and demagnetization of the material. It can be calculated using the empirical Steinmetz formula. 2) Eddy currents are induced circulating currents within conductors exposed to changing magnetic fields according to Faraday's law of induction. They cause power losses and heating of the core. 3) Eddy current losses can be minimized by using thin laminated steel plates for the core instead of a solid block, which reduces the cross-sectional area available for eddy currents to flow.

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    Hysteresis and eddy current losses.pdf

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    1) Hysteresis loss occurs in magnetic materials due to the lag between magnetic flux density B and magnetic field intensity H during magnetization and demagnetization of the material. It can be calculated using the empirical Steinmetz formula. 2) Eddy currents are induced circulating currents within conductors exposed to changing magnetic fields according to Faraday's law of induction. They cause power losses and heating of the core. 3) Eddy current losses can be minimized by using thin laminated steel plates for the core instead of a solid block, which reduces the cross-sectional area available for eddy currents to flow.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    612 views2 pages

    Hysteresis and Eddy Current Losses PDF

    Uploaded by

    Venkata Subramanian
    1) Hysteresis loss occurs in magnetic materials due to the lag between magnetic flux density B and magnetic field intensity H during magnetization and demagnetization of the material. It can be calculated using the empirical Steinmetz formula. 2) Eddy currents are induced circulating currents within conductors exposed to changing magnetic fields according to Faraday's law of induction. They cause power losses and heating of the core. 3) Eddy current losses can be minimized by using thin laminated steel plates for the core instead of a solid block, which reduces the cross-sectional area available for eddy currents to flow.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    SNS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, COIMBATORE.

    DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING


    EE6401-ELECTRICAL MACHINES-I

    Unit.No.:1 (Magnetic Circuits & Magnetic Materials)


    Topic. No.: 7
    Topic: Hysteresis and eddy current losses.
    Time Required: 50 Minutes

    Hysteresis Loss

    Consider a magnetic circuit with constant (d.c) excitation current I0. Flux established will have fixed
    value with a fixed direction. Suppose this final current I0 has been attained from zero current slowly
    by energizing the coil from a potential divider arrangement as depicted in Figure.1.
    Let us also assume that initially the core was not magnetized. The exciting current therefore becomes
    a function of time till it reached the desired current I and we stopped further increasing it. The flux too
    naturally will be function of time and cause induced voltage e12 in the coil with a polarity to oppose
    the increase of inflow of current as shown. The coil becomes a source of emf with terminal-1, +ve and
    terminal-2, -ve. Recall that a source in which current enters through its +ve terminal absorbs power or
    energy while it delivers power or energy when current comes out of the +ve terminal. Therefore
    during the interval when i(t) is increasing the coil absorbs energy. Is it possible to know how much
    energy does the coil absorb when current is increased from 0 to I0. This is possible if we have the B-H
    curve of the material with us.
    l
    B
    A 1 i(t) P
    B0
    + + G
    dB
    e(t)
    D.C N B
    supply dH
    -

    - 2 O H H0 H
    Figure. 2
    Figure.1

    Based on results obtained by experiments with different ferromagnetic materials with


    sinusoidal currents, Charles Steimetz proposed the empirical formula for calculating
    hysteresis loss analytically.
    n
    Hysteresis loss per unit volume, Ph = k h f Bmax

    Where, the coefficient kh depends on the material and n, known as Steinmetz


    exponent, may vary from 1.5 to 2.5. For iron it may be taken as 1.6.
    Eddy Current losses

    Look at the Figure.3 where a rectangular core of magnetic material is shown along with the
    exciting coil wrapped around it. Without any loss of generality, one may consider this to be a part
    of a magnetic circuit. If the coil is excited from a sinusoidal source, exciting current flowing will
    be sinusoidal too. Now put your attention to any of the cross section of the core and imagine any
    arbitrary rectangular closed path abcd. An emf will be induced in the path abcd following
    Faradays law. Here of course we dont require a switch S to close the path because the path is
    closed by itself by the conducting magnetic material (say iron). Therefore a circulating current
    ieddy will result. The direction
    of ieddy is shown at the instant when B(t ) is increasing with time. It is important to note here
    that to calculate induced voltage in the path, the value of flux to be taken is the flux
    enclosed by the path i.e., max = Bmax area of the loop abcd. The magnitude of the eddy
    current will be limited by the path resistance , Rpath neglecting reactance effect. Eddy current
    will therefore cause power loss in Rpath and heating of the core. To calculate the total eddy
    current loss in the material we have to add all the power losses of different eddy paths
    covering the whole cross section.

    We must see that the power loss due to eddy current is minimized so that heating of the core
    is reduced and efficiency of the machine or the apparatus is increased. It is obvious if the
    cross sectional area of the eddy path is reduced then eddy voltage induced too will
    be reduced (Eeddy area), hence eddy loss will be less. This can be achieved by using several
    thin electrically insulated plates (called laminations) stacked together to form the
    core instead a solid block of iron.

    2 2 2
    Peddy = k e f Bmax

    a c
    B(t) ieddy
    b
    Eddy current i(t)
    path
    Figure .3: Eddy current paths

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