INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL

OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING STUDIES Volume VIII /Issue 5 / JUN 2017

Analysis and Design of Multistory Building with Grid Slab Using ETABS

CH.RAJKUMAR1, Dr.D.VENKATESWARLU2

1
M. Tech (Structural Engineering), Department of Civil Engineering, Godavari institute of engineering & technology, Village
Rajahmundry, Mandal Rajahmundry, District East Godavari, A.P., India.

2
Professor (M.Tech), Department of Civil Engineering, Godavari institute of engineering & technology, Village Rajahmundry,
Mandal Rajahmundry, District East Godavari, A.P., India.

ABSTRACT: Grid floor systems consisting of beams Grid slab: Interconnected grid systems are being
spaced at regular intervals in perpendicular directions, commonly used or supporting building floors bridge
monolithic with slab. They are generally employed for
decks and overhead water tanks slabs. A grid is a
architectural reasons for large rooms such as
planar structural system composed of continuous
auditoriums, vestibules, theatre halls, show rooms of
members that either intersect or cross each other.
shops where column free space is often the main
requirement. The rectangular or square void formed in Grids are used to cover large column free areas and
the ceiling is advantageously utilized for concealed have been constructed in number of areas in India
architectural lighting. The sizes of the beams running in and abroad. Is subjected to loads applied normally to
perpendicular directions are generally kept the same. its plane, the structure is referred as Grid. It is
Instead of rectangular beam grid a diagonal. In the composed of continuous member that either intersect
present problem G+ Building is consider and analysis and or cross each other. Grids in addition to their
design is done for both Gravity and lateral (earth quake
aesthetically pleasing appearance provide a number
and wind) loads. And this is compared with the flat slab.
of advantages over the other types of roofing
I. INTRODUCTION systems.

Building construction is the engineering deals with

the construction of building such as residential
houses. In a simple building can be define as an
enclose space by walls with roof, food, cloth and the
basic needs of human beings. In the early ancient
times humans lived in caves, over trees or under
trees, to protect themselves from wild animals, rain, Grid slab
sun, etc. as the times passed as humans being started Structure grids:
living in huts made of timber branches. The shelters
of those old have been developed nowadays into The plank and beam system described above is the

beautiful houses. Rich people live in sophisticated simplest system for creating flat, horizontal surfaces.
However, greater efficiency can be achieved by
condition houses.
designing the flooring as one integral slab and

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spanning the flooring in two directions supported by

a rectilinear grid of beams known as structural grid.

Curved surface grid

Rectangular structural grid Advantages of Grid slabs:

Skewed Grids: i. Grids are very efficient in transferring

concentrated loads and in having the entire
When the overall shape of a structural grid does not structure participate in the load carrying
approximate a square, structural and economic action.
efficiency can sometimes be gained by employing a ii. Reduce the depth to span ration of rectangular
skewed grid. grids.
iii. Reduction in depth, towers, structural and
other cost by reducing the height of the
building
Uses of Grid slabs

i. Grid slabs can be used as both ceiling and

floor slab
ii. Used in the areas where number of columns
are provided i.e., it is basically used in the
areas which has huge spans.
Skewed grid
iii. Used for specialized projects that involves
Curved surface Grids: clean rooms, spaces requiring seclusion
from low frequency vibration or those
The skewed grid can be warped to form a curved
needing low floor deflections.
surface grid and spans large distances in an efficient
iv. The concrete grid slab is often used for
manner. The structural concept of the arch is
industrial and commercial buildings while
combined with the characteristics of skewed grids to
wood and metal waffle slabs are used in
increase efficiency.
many other construction sites.
v. This form of construction is used in airports,
parking garages, commercial and industrial

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buildings, residences and other structures rectangular or square void formed in the ceiling is
requiring extra stability. advantageously utilized for concealed architectural
vi. The main purpose of employing this lighting. The sizes of the beams running in
technology is for its strong foundation perpendicular directions are generally kept the same.
characteristics of crack and sagging Instead of rectangular beam grid, a diagonal. In the
resistance. Grid slab also holds a greater present problem G+5 Building is consider and
amount of load compared with conventional analysis and design is done for both Gravity and
concrete slabs. lateral (earth quake and wind) loads. And this is
compared with the flat slab.
Features of the grid slab
S. A. Halkude, C. G. Konapure and S. P. Pasnur
i. They are used on flat sites. are investigating various parameters involved, a
ii. No beam excavation is required.
solution for optimum structural configuration can be
iii. No controlled or rolled fill is used.
found for the grid floor. The present work includes
iv. Cardboard slab panel/void formers are used.
the parametric investigation in terms of flexural
v. Slab panels are on 1 meter grids
actions such as bending moments and shear force.
(approximately).
Spacing of grid beam is one of the important
vi. Trench mesh or individual bars can be used.
parameters considered for investigations, along with
vii. Slab thickness is 85 – 100 mm.
depth of grid beam & depth of periphery beam.
viii. Internal beams are 110 – 200 mm.
Stiffness method is used for analysis which is less
ix. There is minimal concrete volume.
time consuming as compare to other analysis
x. No beam down drag from clay (above ground
methods, where spacing of grid beams i.e. (l/b) is
slab) occurs.
varied for hall size (L/B) with constant ratio. Here the
xi. Shrinkage of slab is lower than stiffened rafts
depths of periphery beams (PB) are varied, for
and footing slabs.
considered depth of periphery beams; various depths
xii. They used 30% less concrete than a stiffened
of grid beams (GB) are varied to arrive at optimum
raft. solution.
xiii. They use 20% less steel than a stiffened raft.
Coronelli, Dario was presented the grid model is
II. LITERATURE REVIEW proposed for the nonlinear behavior of flat-slab
structures. The inelastic response of the structure is
Chintha Santhosh, Venkatesh Wadki, S.Madan
concentrated in point hinges introduced into beam
Mohan, S.Sreenatha Reddy were presents Grid finite elements, modeling the response in bending,
floor systems consisting of beams spaced at regular
torsion, and shear. Both concentric punching and
intervals in perpendicular directions, monolithic with
failures with unbalanced moments and shear are
slab. They are generally employed for architectural
investigated. Static pushover analysis is used for the
reasons for large rooms such as auditoriums,
effects of gravity and lateral loads. The results are
vestibules, theatre halls, show rooms of shops where
compared to experimental studies on interior, lateral,
column free space is often the main requirement. The

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and corner slab-column connections. The effect of III. LOADS AND METHODS OF ANALYSIS
different types and arrangements of transverse LOADS
reinforcement and the influence of the gravity load The types of loads acting on structures for buildings
level on the drift capacity are shown. The formulation and other structures can be broadly classified as
with internal moments, torque, and shear is synthetic vertical loads, horizontal loads and longitudinal
and computationally light; three-dimensional (3-D) loads. The vertical loads consist of dead loads, live
spatial configurations are considered. load and impact load. The horizontal loads comprises
of wind load and earthquake load. The longitudinal
Navjot Kaur Bhatia and Tushar Golait were
loads i.e. tractive and braking forces are considered
presented modern slab systems have showed
in special case of design of bridges, gantry girders
potentials for improvement in the conventional
etc.
techniques of slab casting. Recent advances in the
field of RCC Design are linked to the use of Flat
Slabs and Grid Floors. Flat Slabs are highly versatile
elements widely used in construction, providing
minimum depth, fast construction and allowing
flexible column grids. In flat slabs, the beams used in
conventional slabs are done away and the slab is
made to rest directly over the columns. In case of
higher loads, a drop panel or a column head is
provided to reduce the intensity of loads. Flat slabs
are particularly appropriate for areas where tops of
partitions need to be sealed to the slab soffit for
acoustic or fire reasons. Grid floor systems consist of Types of loads acting on the structure are:
beams spaced at regular intervals in perpendicular
 Dead loads
directions, monolithic with slab. The rectangular or
square void formed in the ceiling is advantageously  Imposed loads

utilized for concealed architectural lighting. They are  Wind loads

generally employed for architectural reasons for large  Snow loads

rooms such as auditoriums, vestibules, theatre halls,  Earthquake loads

show rooms of shops where column free space is  Special loads
often the main requirement. This paper focuses on
Other loads and effects acting on structures
studying the behavior of conventional slab, flat slab
As per the clause 19.6 of IS 19.6 of IS 456 – 2000, in
and grid slab separately. A comparative study was
addition to above load discussed, account shall be
done to identify the best slab system
taken of the following forces and effects if they are
liable to affect the safety and serviceability of the
structure.

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One basic form of the stiffness method could be

a) Foundation movement (see IS 1904) applied to a wide range of structures, with only minor
b) Elastic axial shortening adjustments to cope with each variant. The
c) Soil and fluid pressure (see IS 875, part 5) advantages of the method can be summarized as:
d) Vibration
i. A general purpose program is easy to write.
e) Fatigue
ii. It requires a minimum of input data.
f) Impact (see IS 875, part5)
g) Impact (see IS 875, part 5) iii. It can be made automatic. Its use requires no

h) Erection loads (see IS 875, part 2) and understanding of structural mechanics.

i) Stress concentration effect due to point load

Demerits:
and the like.
The method has a major disadvantage in that no
STIFFNESS METHOD OF STRUCTURAL
account is taken of the degree of indeterminacy and
ANALYSIS
therefore there is little opportunity to benefit from the

Stiffness method or displacement method is an structural expertise of the operator. Equally this will

important approach to the analysis of structures. This be seen as an essential concomitant of the advantage

is used in its basic form for the analysis of structures listed in above. The time required performing an

that are linear and elastic although it can be adapted analysis and the amount of computer storage depends

to non linear analysis. It is generally used for the almost entirely on the number of degree of freedom

analysis of statically determine cases. This method in involved. Structures having many degrees of freedom

its basic form considers the nodal displacements of but new degree of static indeterminacy should be

the structures as unknown. much more economically analyzed by the flexibility

rather than the stiffness method.
The Direct Stiffness Method is a highly organized,
conceptually simple approach for the analysis of all STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS IN BUILDING
types of structures that is easily implemented in the
form of a computer aided analysis procedure using a Generally, a building can be defined as an enclosed

matrix formation. structure intended for human occupancy. However, a

Amongst the most far-reaching developments in building includes the structure itself and

structural engineering has been the ability to analyze nonstructural components (e.g., cladding, roofing,

automatically almost all types of structures with a interior walls and ceilings, HVAC systems, electrical

high degree of accuracy and at reasonable cost. The systems) permanently attached to and supported by

availability of digital computer has made the structure. The scope of the Provisions provides

development possible Methods of analysis that could recommended seismic design criteria for all buildings

easily be computerized were quickly developed. except detached one- and two-family dwellings
located in zones of relatively low seismic activity and
Merits: agricultural structures (e.g., barns and storage sheds)
that are only intended to have incidental human

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occupancy. The Provisions also specifies seismic METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE IN

design criteria for nonstructural components in ETABS:
buildings that can be subjected to intense levels of
The seismic analysis should be carried out for the
ground shaking.
buildings that have lack of resistance to earthquake
Basic components in building forces. Seismic analysis will consider dynamic
effects hence the exact analysis sometimes become
A building consists of following basic components
complex. However for simple regular structures
equivalent linear static analysis is sufficient one. This
 Foundation
type of analysis will be carried out for regular and
 Plinth
low rise buildings and this method will give good
 Damp proof course (DPC)
results for this type of buildings. Dynamic analysis
 Plinth beam
will be carried out for the building as specified by
 Floor
code IS 1893-2002 (part1). Dynamic analysis will be
 Walls
carried out either by Response spectrum method or
 Openings
site specific Time history method. Following
 Stairs
methods are adopted to carry out the analysis
 Roof
procedure.
 Surfaces/Finishes
 Equivalent Static Analysis:
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
 Linear Dynamic Analysis
 Bearing wall systems  Response spectrum method
 Building frame systems  Time history analysis
 Moment – resisting frame systems  Pushover analysis
 Dual systems  Non linear static analysis
 Cantilever column systems and  Non linear dynamic analysis
 Systems not specifically designed for seismic
resistance. MODEL OF BUILDING

IV INTRODUCTION TO ETABS:

BASIC DEFINITIONS:

a) Story
b) Story shear
c) Story drift
d) Center of mass
e) Center of rigidity

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V RESULTS AND ANALYSIS Graph

STORY DRIFT:

DRIFTX

STORY SHEAR (LOCATION: TOP STORY)

FOR FORCES (P, VX, VY)

Graph

DRIFTY: Graph

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FOR MOMENT (T MX MY): Graph

FOR MOMENTS (T MX MY)

Graph

Graph

STORY SHEAR (LOCATION: BOTTOM

STORY)
FOR FORCES: (P VX VY)

SUPPORT REACTIONS

FOR FX FY FZ

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Graph Graph

FOR MX MY MZ
MX MY MZ

Graph

Graph

COLUMN FORCES

FOR SUMMATION:

FX FY FZ:

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Graph

TIME HISTORY
Maximum CM displacement

Maximum story Drifts

RESPONSE SPECTRUM GRAPHS

Story shear

Maximum CM Displacement

Story overturning moments

Diaphragm Drifts

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VI CONCLUSIONS 10. Accuracy is improved by using software.

The behavior of high rise structure for both the
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reduces ton of your time in design work.

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10. P. F. Schwetz, F. P. S. L. Gastal, L. C. P.

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