Lec 7
Lec 7
MODULE 6
HUMIDIFICATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
LECTURE NO. 7
The other design characteristics are pump horsepower, fan horsepower, source
of make-up water and drift eliminators.
Nomenclature
a contact area/tower volume, m2/m3 L Water flow rate, kg/m2s
cwL Heat capacity of liquid (water), kJ/kg.K V active cooling volume/plan
area, m3/m2
Gs Air rate, kg dry air/m2s Y/ Humidity, kg moisture/kg
dry air
hG Heat transfer coefficient of air film, Yw/ Saturation humidity,
kJ/m2.s.K kg moisture/kg dry air
hL Heat transfer coefficient of liquid z Cooling tower height, m
(water), kJ/m2.s.K
kG Mass transfer co-efficient of moisture λw Latent heat of vaporization
transport, kg/m2.s (pA) of water, kJ/kg
KY/ Overall mass transfer co-efficient, H Humid volume, m3/kg dry
air
kg/m3.s
References
1. Treybal, R. E., “ Mass-Transfer Operations”, 3rd Eddition, McGraw-Hill,
1981
2. Geankoplis, C.J., “Transport Processes and Separation Process
Principles”. 4th Edition, Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, 2005.
3. Dutta, B.K., “Principles of Mass transfer and Separation Processes”.
Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, 2007.
HUMIDIFICATION PROBLEM
Solution 6.1:
TG1=30ºC
Tw=Tas=25ºC
Y1/ 0.019 [From psychrometric chart]
(iii)
H / (1.005 1.88 Y / ) (TG T0 ) 2500 Y / ; Here, reference temperature,
T0 is 0ºC.
lnPv
T (Antoine pv Y' H'
(ºC) Equation) (bar) (kg moist/kg dry air) kJ/kg dry air
21 -3.694517 0.024859 0.0156487 60.84463
23 -3.572406 0.028088 0.0177391 68.22991
25 -3.452184 0.031676 0.0200784 76.26473
27 -3.333809 0.035657 0.0226937 85.02109
29 -3.217237 0.040066 0.025615 94.57904
31 -3.102429 0.04494 0.028876 105.0278
33 -2.989343 0.05032 0.0325139 116.4669
35 -2.877943 0.05625 0.0365707 129.0081
37 -2.76819 0.062776 0.0410932 142.7765
39 -2.660049 0.069945 0.0461344 157.9135
41 -2.553483 0.07781 0.0517539 174.5789
43 -2.448459 0.086427 0.0580195 192.9541
45 -2.344944 0.095853 0.0650086 213.2463
47 -2.242905 0.10615 0.0728098 235.6928
Draw a tangent to the equilibrium line through Q. Slope of the tangent is 8.78.
L cWL
Gs ,min
slope
5500 4.187
8.78
=2623 kg/h.m2
Actual air rate =Gs,min×1.25
=2623×1.25 kg/h.m2
=
3279 kg/h.m2
Slope of the operating line
5500 4.187
Slope 7.02
3279
L cWL (TL 2 TL1 ) Gs( H 2/ H 2/ )
H 2/ 184 kJ/kg
Now, locate point P (TL2, H 2/ ) (Upper terminal of the operating line) at P (45, 184)
on TL-H/ plane.
We have,
hLā=0.059L0.51Gs
=0.059(5500)0.51(3279) kcal/m3h.K
=15637.9 kcal/m3hK=15637.9 ×4.187 kJ/m3h.K
=65,475.9 kJ/m3hK
hL a 65475.9
Slope of tie line= /
11.4
kY a 5743.5
Equilibrium line
250 Operating line
240
230
220
210
200
190
180
170 '
P(TL2,H2)
H (KJ/kg)
160
150
140
130
'
120
110
100
90
80
70 '
60
Q (TL1,H1)
Approach Range
50
22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50
Tas TL1 TL2
0
TG, TL ( C)
A set of tie lines of this slope is drawn from several points on the operating line.
These tie lines meet the equilibrium line at (TLi, H i/ ). Hence, the points (H/, H i/ )
1
are obtained. The values of are plotted against TL and the integral
(H H / )
i
/
TL 0
dTL
N tG (H
TLi i
/
H/)
is evaluated graphically.
1
(H H / )
/ 0.070 0.090 0.096 0.104 0.104 0.085 0.068
i
0.10
0.08
1
( H i/ H / ) 0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
0
TL ( C)