Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                

Juu - Wings of Falling Stars

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 130

*sL;

Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH


*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

arar....
avmujuD;rSm
ajuGoGm;wJh yef;awG trsm;juD;/
tJ'DxJrSm yef;jyefyGifhwJhyef;
r&Sd1ml;vdk hxifvm;/
wcsdK hyef;yGifhawGu
wpfppD zJhacGscHvdkuf&ayrJh
yef;jyefyGifhekdifwJh owådawG &Sdw,f/

1
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(1)

tjyma&mifonf rsufpdat;p&m jzpfaomfvnf; eH&Huyf ydkpwmjuD;xJrS tjyma&mif jrpfjuD;udk jrifvdkuf&csdefwGif ol h


&ifxJrSm ylavmifoGm;onf/ wdkufwdkufqdkifqdkif þtcef;xJrSm jrpfjuD;wpfpif; &Sdaewm raumif;yg/ enf;enf;rS
raumif;wmyg/

ydkpwm"mwfyHkxJu jrpfjuD;ajumifh wpfckck ydkqdk;oGm;rSmudk olpdk;&drfrdonf/ tckudkyJ arharh rsufvHk;awGu xdkjrpfjuD;


qDodk hpdkufjunfhaejyD/ jrpfjyifrSm a&vSdKif;awG &Sdaeaomfvnf; jurf;wrf;onfh vSdKif;wHydk;awG rymkwf/ odk haomf jrpfqdk
onfuawmh us,fjyef honfh a&vSdKif;awGudk udk,fpm;jyK&ma&jyifjuD;ygyJ/

]uJ qufajymygOD; nnus rtdyf1mJ 1mk&m;csnf; xdkifxdkif &Sdcdk;aewm 1m,favmufjumjyDvJ}

]q,f&ufavmuf&SdjyDxifw,f q&m}

]ymkwfvm; 1mmjzpfvdk hrtdyf1mJ 1mk&m;csnf; &Sdcdk;aewmvJ ajymygOD;}

arar rajz/
arar ol hudk pdwfqdk;aervm;/
uGsefawmfhq&mwpfa,mufqD oGm;uefawmhcsifvdk hararvdkufcJhyg ymk ac:vmcJhonf/ xdkq&mrSm pdwfa&m*gukq&m0ef
wpfa,muf jzpfonfudkawmh rajymcJh/ ararrsm;&dyfrdaeovm;/ r&dyfrdavmufyg1ml;/ araru ynmwwfrS rymkwf1mJ/

]arar ajzvdkufav arar&J harar 1mmjzpfvdk hnrtdyfwmvJqdkwm}

]rif;odom;yJ rif;ajzvdkufygvm; igajz&if tjrD;tarmufrwJh1mJ aeOD;r,f}

]rtdyfwJhvludk,fwdkifu ajymawmh ydkwduswmaygh/ q&mhudk 1mmrS tm;emp&mr&Sd1ml;} ymk q&mu 0if ajymonf/

]uGsefr tdyf&if a&epfrSm}

]1m,fvdk a&epfrSmvJ}

]tdyfrufxJrSm a&epfrSm}

]ajom}

]jrpfjyifjuD;u tus,fjuD;yJ avawGuvnf; wdkuf a&vSdKif;awGuvnf; tjuD;juD;awG a&xJrSm uGsefrarmaejyD


'Dawmh a&epfawmhrSmaygh}

2
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

araru q&mhaemuf jrpfjuD;udk rsufpdvTJvsuf ajzonf/

]tdyfrufxJrSmvm;}

]ymkwfw,f}

]tdyfrufqdk;qdkwm tm;enf;&if pdwfylyef&if rufwwfwmyJ/ tdyfa&;00tdyf tpm;rSefrSef pm;&if tdyfrufqdk; rruf1ml;}

]'gayr,fh tJ'DjrpfjuD;udk uGsefr tdyfwdkif;rufaewm q&m/ 'gajumifh uGsefr rtdyf&Jawmhwm/ rtdyf&Jawmh uGsefr
1mk&m;xdkifxdkif &Sdcdk;aerdwmaygh}

]nrSm rtdyfawmh ae hcif;1muf tdyfvm;}

araru 1m,fvdkajz&if aumif;rvJymk pOf;pm;ymefjzifh cPjidrfoGm;cdkuf ol arharh udk,fpm; 0ifajzay;vdkufonf/

]rtdyf1ml; q&m ae hcif;usawmh araru idkidkaewmyJ}

]uJ ae hvnfawGrSm 1mmjzpfvdk hidkrdwmvJ ajymygOD;}

]atmf 'DvdkygyJ q&m&,f/ ae hcif;usawmhvJ pdwfylp&mawG 0rf;enf;p&mawG trsm;juD;}

]tJ'Dpdwfylp&mawGxJu wpfckudk ajymygOD;}

]tarh"mwfyHk usuGJoGm;w,f}

araru wHk;wdwdajzonf/

]"mwfyHk usuGJawmh 1mmudk pdk;&drfoGm;rdwmvJ}

1m,fwkef;u ajuGvkajuGcif jzpfaerSef;rod/ yef;pdkuftdk;xJu t0ga&mifESif;qDwpfyGifh\ yGifhcsyfuav;wpfck


junfhaeqJ rsufpdatmufrSmyif ajuGusoGm;onf/ 'ku©ygyJ/ EGrf;jyD; ajuGaom yef;yGifhwpfyGifhajumifh xl;xl;jcm;jcm;
0rf;enf;p&mr&SdayrJh tckwavm xd&SajuuGJvG,faeonfh rdciftwGuf wkefvSKyfp&mjzpfaerSm aocsmonf/

]tarrsm; wpfckck jzpfovm;vdk hpdk;&drfwmyg}

jzLqGwfaom pm;yGJcif;ay:rSm tckyJ ajuGusoGm;cJhaom yGifhcsyfav;/ edrdwfqdk;udk ajumufvef haeaom rdcifonf


xdkyGifhcsyfajuGav;udk ai;junfhae\/

]tareJ htwlrae1ml;vm;}

]taru ta0;juD;rSmq&m}

]taru 1m,foleJ haewmvJ/ wjcm; om;orD;awG &Sdvm;}

]tpfreJ htwlaew,f xifw,f}

3
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

aer,fxifw,f xdkpum;\ raocsmrSKudk pdwftxl;ukq&m0efjuD; a'gufwmOD;aersdK;u xl;jcm;ymefrjy1mJ tom


em;axmifaejyD;rS ar;cGef;ar;onf/

]tareJ ha&m tquftoG,frSefrSef&vm;}

xdkar;cGef;ajumifh rdcifrsufeSmysufoGm;onf/ jznf;nif;pGm acgif;,rf;vdkufaom rdcif\ rsufvHk;awG &Da0ae\/


]pmawG w,fvDzkef;awGav}

q&m htoHu yHkrSef/ araru acgif;udkom cg,rf;aeonf/

]tquftoG,fr&wm jumjyDvm;}

arar acgif;ndwfonf/

]1m,favmuf jumjyDvJ}

arar 1mmrS rajz/ ol pdk;&drfwjuD; vSrf;junfhaeqJrSmyif arar rsuf&nfawGawGusvmonf/

]jumjyD/ armifrif;OmPf&J htoufeJ htrSsyJ}

q&m ol hudk zswfceJ vSrf;junfhonf/ q&m0efjzpfjyD; oGm;wm av;ig;eSpfru jumjyDjzpfaom rif;OmPf\ toufudk
q&mcef hrSef;rdrSmaygh/ q&mhrsufeSmrSm cHpm;csufwpfckck rawG h&yg/

]uGsefawmfhtouf 27 eSpfyg q&m}

]awmfawmfjumjyDyJqdkygawmh/ tartquftoG,frvkyfwJhtcsdefrSm udk,fh1mufua&m judk;pm;jyD; rqufoG,f cJh1ml;vm;}

tcef;wpfckvHk; wpfcPwdwfqdwfoGm;onf/ arar acgif;vnf; rndwf/ pum;vnf; rajym/ vSKyfvnf; rvSKyf/


wdwfqdwfrSKudk q&mu pdwf&Snf&Snf apmifhaeaomfvnf; olu raewwf/ ararhudk wpfvSnfh pm;yGJrsufeSmjyifay:rS
eSif;qDyGifhcsyfajuGav;udk wpfvSnfh junfh&if; olxdkifae&mrSmyif vSKyfvSKyf&G&G jzpfaerdonf/ ajymvdkufav arar/
qdkzmvufwifay:wGif ol hvufawG tjidrfrae vSKyfvSKyf&G&G ymkdjcpf 'Djcpf jzpfaeonf/ q&mhudk junfhvdkuf rdcifudk
junfhvdkuf/ tckvdk wdwfqdwfaeawmh olraewwfyg/ q&mhudk tm;emaerdonf/ q&mu tjyHK;rysuf
ar;cGef;wpfckudk xyfar;onf/

]rdef;uav;udk taru pdwfqdk;aecJhvdk hvm;}

rdef;uav;wJh/
q&mu arharhudk rdef;uav;ymk juifjuifemem oHk;eSKef;vdkufonf/ rif;OmPf\araronf q&mhorD;t&G,frSsom
&Sdedkifrnfxifonf/ q&mhtoufu ckepfq,fausmfcJhjyD/

xdk haemuf arharhxHrS &SdKufoHudk jum;&awmhonf/

]araru uGsefrudk pdwfqdk;raecJhyg1ml;}

]pdwfrqdk;1mJeJ h1mmjzpfvdk horD;udk tquftoG,f rvkyfcJhwmvJ}

4
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

orD;udk/
orD;ymlaompum;vHk;ajumifharar\judkwifumuG,fxm;aom wHwdkif;juD; usdK;aygufoGm;yHk&onf/ arar idkavonf/

]1mmjzpfvdk hvJqdkawmh uGsefr 1m,frSmaerSef; tarrS rod1mJ/ uGsefr tdrfuae xGufajy;vmwm/ uGsefraojyDvdk h
tarxifoGm;rSmyg}

arareSifhq&m0efjum;wGif 1mmrSrjcm;em;awmhonfhtwGuf ol0rf;omoGm;ygonf/ arar tckvdk wpfa,mufa,mufudk


tm;udk;wjuD; &ifzGifhajymjyzdk hvdktyfaewm eSpfaygif; awmfawmfjumjyD/

]'DavmufeSpfawG tjumjuD;rSm wpfcgrS tarhudk pdwfrylcJh1ml;vm;}

]ylawmh ylwmaygh/ wpfcgwpfav awmfawmfpdwfylygw,f/ 'gayr,fh tarhem;rSm tpfr&SdrSmyJvdk hawG;cJhwm/ tpfru


tarhudk *&kpdkufr,fvdk huGsefrawG;rdawmh pdwfcsw,f}

arar rajz1mJ ol hudk vSnfhjunfh\/ olu arharhvufwpf1mufudk qkyfudkifzspfnSpfvsuf jyHK;jyvdkufonf/ araru


q&mhudk rjunfh1mJ ajzonf/

]"gwfyHkuGJoGm;vdk h}

q&m acgif;ndwfonf/

]"gwfyHkuGJoGm;awmh jrefrmxHk;wrf;"avh ,HkjunfrSKt& 'g edrdwfraumif;1ml;vdk h pdwfxifhoGm;w,faygh/ 'gu


jzpfwwfygw,f/ wpfvvHk; idkaew,fqdkawmh wpfvvHk; pdwfylaecJhvdk haygh ymkwfvm;}

]ymkwfygw,f}
]pdwfyl&if tarhqD oGm;vdk hr&1ml;vm;}

arar cP wdwfqdwfoGm;onf/

]orD;u tarhudk pdwfqdk;aevdk hvm;}

arharhudk,fcE¨m qwfceJ wkefoGm;onf/

]ymifhtif; uGsefrtarhudk1m,fwkef;urS pdwfrqdk;cJh1ml;/ uGsefr tarhudk pdwfqdk;vdk h tdrfu xGufajy;wm rymkwf1ml;av}

]'gjzifh 1mmjzpfvdk htdrfu xGufajy;vmwmvJ}

]tarhudk oem;vdk h}

]1mmajumifh oem;wmvJ}

arar rajzyg/ ararrajzwmudk q&muvnf; ZGwfrar;yg/ ar;cGef;udk vTJypfonf/

]tartck 1m,frSmaew,fvdk hodvm;}


]&GmrSmyJ &Sdcsif&Sdaer,f/ 'grSrymkwf tpfru wpfae&m&m ajymif;oGm;vdk h tarvdkufoGm;&if &GmrSm r&Sdawmh1ml;}

5
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]&Gmu a0;vm;}

]ta0;juD;yJaygh}
]1mm&GmvJ}
]1mm&GmrSef;rodvdk h cufaewmaygh}

onfwpfcgawmh q&m tHhjooGm;\/

]&Gmemrnfom od&if armifrif;OmPfudk vTwfjyD; pHkprf;cddkif;jyDaygh q&m&J h/ tckawmh &Gmemrnfudk rrSwfrdawmh uGsefr
idk&Hku vGJvdk h1mmwwfedkifrwJhwkef;}

]jrpfeJ hawmh eD;w,f rymkwfvm;}

]eD;w,f}
]]1mmjrpfvJ}
]{&m0wDjrpf}

q&mu toHxGufjyD; &,fonf/ araruvnf; vdkuf&,f\/ arharh&,foHajumifh olpdwfcsrf;omoGm;onf/

]{&m0wDu t&SnfjuD; reSif;rSKef&J h}

]uGsefrodygw,f}
tckrS wu,fhjyóemudk q&mawG;rdoGm;wm jzpfvdrfhrnf/
q&m cP wdwfqdwfoGm;jyD;rS

]aumif;jyD tck orD;pdwfxJrSm 1mmawG cHpm;ae&vJ 1mmawG jzpfcsifaevJ 1mmudk rjzpfcsif1ml;vJ q&mhudk ajym}
q&mu jyHK;vsuf ar;onf/

]uGsefr jrpfudk tdyfruf rrufcsif1ml;}

]jrpfudk tdyfrufrrufzdk huawmh vG,fygw,fAsm/ aq;av; wpfjcrf;avmuf aomufvdkuf&if &w,f}

]ymif wu,f}

]wu,fayghuG,f}
arar ol h1mufodk hapmif;iJhjunhfonf/ ymkwfedkifyghrvm; ymk om;jzpfolxHrS axmufcHcsuf awmif;aeovdk/ ol
arharhudk jyHK;jyvdkuf\/

]aq;aomufr,f rymkwfvm;}

]aomufr,f}
rdcif tenf;i,f pdwfwnfjidrfoGm;onf/

]ymkwfjyD/ jyD;awmh 1mmjzpfcsifvJ}


]tar touf&Sif&ufrS &Sdaeao;&J hvm; pdwfylw,f}

6
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]tarhemrnfa&m rSwfrd&J hvm;}

]tdk rSwfrdwmaygh/ tarhemrnfu a':av;&Sif}

araru ar;rS ar;&ufyavymlonfh rsufeSmxm;jzifh q&mhudk cyfrSKefrSKef jyHK;junfhvsuf ajzavonf/

]aemufaum pdwfylp&mawG &Sdao;vm;}

araru ol h1mufokd hvSnfhjunfhonf/

]tif; uGsefrom; rymkwfu ymkwfu rdef;rawGeJ h&oGm;rSmudk pdwfylw,f}

a0vGif/
rymkwfuymkwfurdef;r qdkaomtoHk;teSKef;ajumifh a0vGifhudk tm;emoGm;onf/ arar tJ'Dvdk rajymygeJ h/ ol h&ifxJrSm
xd&Semusifvm\/
odk haomf pdwfxdcdkufaeonfh rdcifudk ol tavSsmhay;&rnf/ ol rdcifvufudk eSpfodrfhjyHK;jzifh qGJ,lqkyfudkifrdonf/

***

7
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(2)

*&kwpdkuf toHwdk;xm;cJhayrJh w,fvDzkef;oHonf ol hem;xJrSm us,favmifaeonf/ tdyf&may:rSm tdyfaysmfcgp


ararhudk pdk;&drfwjuD; iHk hjunfhrd\/ ararrsm; edk;oGm;rvm;/
olvSpfceJ xjyD; ckwifa1m;u w,fvDzkef;qDa&mufoGm;onf/ aumufudkifzdk hymefjyifjyD;rS rudkifawmh1mJ toHudk
tqHk;xdatmif wdk;rSdefypfvdkuf\/ xdk haemuf {nfhcef;qDodk hajcazmhvsuf tajy;tvTm; xGufvmcJhonf/

{nfhcef;xJu w,fvDzkef;onf toHcyfwdk;wdk;jzifh jrnfaeqJ/ ol uref;uwef; aumufudkifvdkuf\/

]ymJvdk}
odk haomf wpf1mufu pdwfavSsmhoGm;jyD/ wdwfqdwfaeaom w,fvDzkef;udk olayawjyD; em;axmifaeao;onf/ jyD;rS
tomjyefcsvdkufonf/

a0vGifrsm;vm;/
a0vGif reufjzef jyefa&mufrnf/
avqdyfrSm vmrjudkedkifajumif; tD;ar;vfjzifh vSrf;awmifyefaom rdrdpmudk a0vGifzwfjyD; pdwfwdkvdk hvSrf;qufwm
jzpfrnfvm;/
olw,fvDzkef;udk 1m,ftcsdefrSmrsm; jyefjrnfvmOD;rvJymk arSsmfvifhwjuD; apmifhaeonf/ ig;rdepf/ q,frdepf/
w,fvDzkef;u wdwfqdwfaecJhonf/

ymefraqmif1mJ yGifhvif;pGm &,farmwwfaom a0vGifh toHudk olvGrf;onf/ olajymaeus 'óeyHkjyif twdktpwdk hudk
jyefajymygOD;ymk eSpfoufwwfaom a0vGifhrsufvHk;av;awGudk olvGrf;onf/ a0vGifpdwfaumufrSmudk awG;rd&HkeSifhyif
&ifxJu emusifvmcJhonf/

cyfidkifidkif xdkifae&mrS ol jAKef;ceJ xvdkufonf/

vufqGJtdwfxJu rSwfpkpmtkyfudk xkwfjyD; a0vGifhzkef;eHygwfudk &Smonf/ pmrsufeSmawGom ukefoGm;onf/ rawG h/


'DpmtkyfxJrSmrS ymkwf&J hvm;/ rSwfpkpmtkyfawG oHk;av;tkyfavmuf cGJxm;rdaom rdrdudk,fudk a'goxGufvsuf
pmtkyfawG tukef arTaeSmuf&SmazGonf/ aemufqHk;awmh yxrqHk;&Smonfh owday;onfhae hpGJrsm;eSifh rSwfpkpmtkyf
xJwGif oGm;awG h onf/ tavmwjuD; xlxlylyl jzpfwwfaom udk,fhtavhtusifhudk udk,frjudkufedkif/

olw,fvDzkef;udk jAKef;ceJ aumufudkifvdkufjyD; eHygwfawGudk eSdyfrdonf/ jrefrmedkifiHuae wjcm;edkifiHodk hzkef;ac:crSm


wjcm;edkifiHrS jrefrmedkifiHodk hac:onfh eSKef;xm;xuf ydkjyD; aps;juD;aomajumifh awmf&Hkwef&Hk 1m,fawmhrS zkef;rac:cJh/
tckawmh a0vGif pdwfaumufrnfh tjzpfudk olajumufavonf/ ol&ifckefpGm apmifhonf/

uHqdk;vSygvm;/

w,fvDzkef;xJrSm olem;rvnfonfhpum;awGudk rdef;roHjzifh ajymae\/ xdkif;pum;oHyJ/ t"dyÜg,fu 1mmygvdrfh/

8
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]a0vGif}
pufjzifh oGif;xm;aom toHu &yfroGm;/ ol hpum;udkvnf; 1m,folrS jum;rS rymkwfrSef; olodonf/
a0vGifhw,fvDzkef; rymkwf1ml;vm;/ zkef;u 1mmjzpfaeygvdrfh/

xdk haemuf ol hymmol &SufoGm;rdonf/ apmapmu jrnfcJhonfhzkef;udk a0vGifhqDuvdk h wpfxpfcs awG;vdkufrdwm


ygvm;/ymkwfcsifrS ymkwfrSmaygh/ ol hxHodk hntcsdefwGif w,fvDzkef;qufedik favmufonfh todrdwfaqG vkyfazmfudkifzuf
vlpm&if;u pmrsufeSm wpfrsufeSmawmif ausmfvdrfhrnf/

a0vGif/

reufjzefjyefa&mufvmawmhrnf qdkygrS ol a0vGifhudk tjyif;txef vGrf;aerdawmhonf/ reufjzef avqdyfodk hoGm;judk


&rnfhtcsdefonf ararhudk q&mOD;aersdK;u csdef;xm;onfh tcsddefeSifh uGufwdwdkufaeonf/ q&muvnf; wD*sD
av,mOfqdkufrnfh tcsdefrSmrS csdef;yJ csdef;wwfvGef;onf/ wjcm;udpöqdkvSsif &ufaemufa&T hvdkufvdk h&csif &OD;rnf/
ararh pdwfa0'emudpö jzpfavawmh wpf&ufrS ra&T hoifhyg/

ol rymDa'gwuúodkvfrSm 1mGJ hvGefwufjyD; jyefa&mufvmonfh ae hwkef;uawmh a0vGif ol hudk vmjudkcJhonf/

]OmPfhudk awG h&zkd havmuf 1m,fymmrS ta&;rjuD;yg1ml;} wJh/

oluawmh a0vGifhudk reufjzef oGm;rjudkedkif/


a0vGifhudk tm;emoGm;rd\/
ararhudk aq;cef;jy&rSmrkd hyg a0vGif&,f/ araru wdk hvdkufrydk h&if oGm;rSm rymkwf1ml;/ aq;cef;udk roGm;&if
ararha0'emu ydkjumoGm;vdrhfr,f/
a0vGifhudk judkzdk haq;cef;udk &ufa&T hcJhvSsifvnf; wpfcsdefcsdefrSm ararodoGm;cJhvSsif 0rf;enf;ajuuGJpGm emusifvdrfhrnf/
a0vGifhtwGufrkd hydkí emusifygvdrhfrnf/
***

9
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(3)

a0vGifonf vGefcJhonfh ckepfvwkef;uxuf ydk0vmonf/ e*dku jzLjzLazG;azG; wpfwpf&pf&pf udk,fcE¨mav;u


tckawmh 00upfupfav; jzpfaeonf/ a0vGif0wfxm;onfh tusF Du cyfyg;yg; teufa&mifjuyfjuyf/ a0vGifh
puwfu 'l;qpf\atmuf odyfra&mufovdkyJ/ ararh awmol rsufpdxJrSmjzifh a0vGifonf rymkwfuymkwfu
rdef;r&mxl;uae wufvmzkd h vrf;rjrif/ ol htwGufuawmh a0vGifonf junfhaumif;&Hk acwfqefonfh cspfol
rdef;uav;wpfOD;ygyJ/

]a0vGif usrf;jyKpk&wm awmfawmfyifyef;w,fxifw,f/ 0upfvdk hygvm;}


wdkufcef;wHcg;udk zGifhay;jyD;vSsifjyD;csif; ol a0vGifhuvdk paemufeSKwfqufonf/ a0vGifu cyfwif;wif;yif/
Budk;&Snf&Snf vufudkiftdwfudk pm;yGJay:zsufceJ ypfwifypfvdkuf\/
tjzLqGwfqGwf eSif;qDyef;q,fyGifhudk yvwfpwpf tjunfpjzifh pkxkyfpnf;xm;onfh yef;pnf;rSm {nfhcef;pm;yGJay:
uef hvef hwifvsufom;/ a0vGifhvufudkiftdwf teufa&mufav;u tjzLa&mifyef;yGifhawGay:odk h wpfydkif;wpfp
wifoGm;onf/

]'DrSmjunfh a0vGifhudk ay;zkd hyef;pnf;/ reufu aps;oGm;&if; wdk h0,fjyD; a&pdrfxm;cJhwm/ a0vGifhtwGufav}
olajymonfhtcg a0vGifu rsufapmif;xdk;onf/
]awmfyg/ n&Spfem&Dtxd ra&mufvmwJhvlu 1m,ftcsdefa&mufvmrSmvJ/ wdk hrS rvm&if awG hju&rSm rymkwf1ml;/
]wdk hzkef;qufw,fav}
]zkef;qufwmu vludk jrif&wmrS rymkwf1mJ}
a0vGifu rsufeSmajumwif;wif;eSifh a&mufuwnf;u enf;enf;rS rjyHK;ao;/
]wdk hvmwJhtxd apmifha&maygha0vGif&,f}
oltm;emaeawmhonf/
]1mmvJ ,l htar tdyfaysmfoGm;rS vmzdk hpOf;pm;xm;ovm;}
olacgif;yJ,rf;rdonf/
]arar aeraumif;1ml; a0vGif}
]tdyf&mxJawmh vJaewm rymkwfyg1ml;}

rdrda&mufvmcgrS {nfhcef;xJrSxjyD; 1mk&m;cef;xJ0ifoGm;onfymk a0vGifxifayvdrfhrnf/ wu,fawmh n&Spfem&Dqdk


onfrSm tckwavm arar 1mk&m;cef;0ifaeus tcsdefyJ/

10
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]aeaumif;vm; a':av;}ymk a0vGif eSKwfqufawmh ylyifaomuudk vlrodatmif wif;xm;aom tjyHK;oJhoJhjzifh


]at; aumif;ygw,f orD;&,f} ajzcJhonf/
]araru vlaeaumif;w,f/ pdwfaeraumif;wm}
]wdk hurS ydkawmif pdwfaeraumif;ao;w,f/ &l;oGm;edkifw,f odvm;/ avqdyfvJvmrjudk tdrfvJra&mufvm}
a0vGifhplwlwl ajymymefuav;udk cspfpedk;&,fcsifoGm;ojzifh ol &,fvdkufrd\/
]wdk hpdwfxJawmh a0vGifeJ hawG haewmyJ/ reufwnf;u tckxdyJ}
a0vGifhvufzsm;av;udkaxG;qkyfvsufajymrdonf/ tHhjop&maumif;vSonf/ a0vGifuol hvufav;udk &kef;xGufvdkuf
avonf/
]oGm;/ pdwfeJ hawG hvdk h&&if pdwfeJ hyJaeawmh/ vlvJ vmrxdeJ h}
a0vGifhtoHuenf;enf;us,foGm;onf/ ol heSKwfcrf;zsm;rSmvufnSdK;uyfvsuf ymef hwm;rnfjuH&G,fqJrSm1mk&m;cef;xJrS
aju;pnfoHwvGifvGifudk jum;vdkuf&onf/
aju;pnfoHu vdktyfonfxuf us,favmifaevm; rawG;aumif;ayrJh olawG;rdonf/
],lkrtm;yJaerSmpdk;vdk hwrifwe*FaEGae hudk jyefjzpfzdk hpDpOfcJhwm}
]uJyg a0vGif&,f/ tckawG hae&jyDyJ tJ'gudkarhvdkufawmhaemf}
]ymif 1m,fvdkvkyfarhvdk h&rvJ/ aq;cef;ydk h&rSmrdk hav,mOfuGif;vmrjudkwmudk wdk hem;vnf ygw,f/ wpfae hvHk;eJ h
wpfnaevHk; ra&mufvmwmudkawmh 1m,fvdkrS em;rvnfedkif1ml;}
]araru 1mk&m;pifa&S hu odyfcGmw,fr&Sd1ml;/ 1mk&m;&Sdcdk;&if; rsuf&nfawG ususaewm a0vGif&J h/ 'g yHkrSef
rymkwf1ml;av}
],l htaru wdk h1mGJ hvGefjyD;vm&if vufxyfr,fqdkwm odvm;}
a0vGifu pOf;pOf;pm;pm; ar;\/
]tif; odw,f/ ararhudk today;xm;w,f}
]tJ'gyJaygh udkOmPf&J h}
olacgif;,rf;rdonf/
]rymkwfao;1ml;/ om;vufxyfrJhtjzpfu pdwfa0'em&&avmufatmif qdk;wmrS rymkwf1mJ}
ol cyfwdk;wdk; ajymonf/
]1m,fodekdifrvJ}
ararhudk olodygonf/
]a0vGif jyefvmrJh&ufawGusrS xjzpf&ovm;}
]tJ'D avoHrsdK;eJ hrajymeJ h wdk hu a0vGifhpdwf"gwfudk av;pm;jrwfedk;aecsifwm/ tJ'Dvdk rajymygeJ h}

11
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

a0vGifu olpum;ajymrSm;oGm;rSef;udk owd&oGm;ovdk oufjyif;csonf/


]a0vGifuq&m0efrymkwfawmh rdef;rawGtoufav;q,fausmfaoG;qHk;cgeD;umvawGrSm aymmfrkef;tajymif;tvJajumifh
pdwfusa0'emawG jzpfvmwwfwmudk 1m,fodrvJ/ wcsdK htrsdK;orD;awGtwGuf aoG;qHk;umvymm awmfawmf
xdcdkufw,f a0vGif}
t&ifu pdwf"gwfcufrmcJhaom rdef;rwcsdK hawmif aoG;qHk;umvrSm t,drf;,drf;t,dkif,dkif idkvm;&,fvm; jzpfwwfju
onfudk a0vGifhtm; at;at;aq;aq;usrS &Sif;jyOD;rnfymk awG;onf/
a0vGifu rif;OmPf\ycHk;udk tomEGJ hrSDvsuf nnf;avonf/
]odyfcufwmyJaemf}
]rcufyg1ml; a0vGif/ wjznf;jznf;eJ hararjyefaeaumif;oGm;rSmyg}
1mk&m;cef;xJ arar0ifoGm;wm em&D0ufruawmh1ml;aygh/ a0vGifa&mufvmwmu n&Spfem&Dq,frdepfqdkawmh
tckudk;em&Dxdk;awmhr,f/ ol tenf;i,f pdwfylvmonf/ aju;pnfoHu vGJvdk h1mmoHrSvnf; rjum;&/
]a0vGif cPav;aemf/ ararhudk aq;wdkuf&OD;r,f/ araru aq;aomufrS tdyfaysmfrSm}
olxdkif&mrS xrnfhjyifawmh a0vGifu t&ifxonf/
]wdk hvnf; jyefr,f]
]ymm aeOD;av a0vGif/ wdk hjyefvdkufydk hrSmaygh/ um;r,lvm1ml; rymkwfvm;}
a0vGif edkifiHjcm;rS a&mufa&mufcsif; um;armif;avh r&Sdwmudk olodxm;onf/ ol tiSm;um;eSifh vdkufydk hrnfymk
pOf;pm;xm;onf/
]vdkufrydk hygeJ hudkOmPf/ ,l htar pdwfylae&vdrfhr,f/ vlygvmjyD; pdwfusef&pfcJhwJh tjzpfymm eSpfa,mufvHk;twGuf
raumif;1ml;av}
]rjzpf1ml; a0vGif/ a0vGif wpfa,mufwnf; tiSm;um;eJ hjyefrSmudk wdk hvHk;0 pdwfrcsedkif1ml;}
]'gjzifh a':av;tdyfwJhtxd apmifhay;&rSmvm;}
]rapmifh&yg1ml;/ ararhudk aq;wdkufjyD;&if tdyf&mxJydk hay;cJhr,fav}
a0vGifu pdwfroufomymefjzifh acgif;,rf;onf/
]ymifhtif; udkOmPf/ aecJhyg/ ,lpdwfrcs&if wdk hrdpkudk zkef;vSrf;qufjyD; vmjudkcdkif;vdkufr,f}
ajymajymqdkqdk ol hvufudkifzkef;av;jzifh oli,fcsif;qD vSrf;qufawmh rif;OmPf cyfawGawGyJ ai;junfhaerd\/

om;trdeSpfa,mufwnf;aecJhjuonfrSm ol htoufeSpfq,fhckepfeSpft&G,fxd a&mufcJhjyD/ ararwpfa,mufwnf;


tdrfrSm usefcJhonfhumvawGrsm;pGm &Sdonf/ ol ararhtwGuf tckvdk pdwfxifhxifheSifh ylyif&vdrfhrnfymk wpfcgrS
rawG;cJhrd/ araronf ol htwGuf avmu"Hudk &ifqdkif&mwGif a&S hrS rm;rm;rwfrwf &yfay;cJhonfcsnf;jzpfonf/

araridkdrSm arartdyf&mxJvJrSm ararpdwfa0'emcHpm;&rSm wpfcgrS awG;junfhcJhzl;onf rymkwf/ araronf ol htwGuf


ausmufaqmifjuD;yrm juHhcdkifoefpGrf;cJhonf/ arar tckvdk ,drf;,dkifonfhtcsdefwGif olu wpfjyefwpfvSnfh tm;ay;

12
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

az;r&rSmaygh/ ararpdwfxdcdkuf wkefvSKyfaewmudk ol rjrif&ufaomfvnf; eSpfodrfhay;zdk haus;Zl;wkef hjyefzdk htcGifhta&;


&vmwmudk olauseyf&ygonf/
araronf 1mk&m;pifa&S hrSm usHK husHK hav;xdkifvsuf "gwfyHkwpfyHkudk iHk hjunfhaeonf/ 1mm"gwfyHkvJymk olpOf;pm;zdk h
rvdk/ ararh tareSifh ararwdk hnDtpfr twl&kduful;xm;cJhaom "gwfyHkaygh/ xdk"gwfyHkusuGJjyD;uwnf;u
rsuf&nfawGawGus aecJhonf/
]wu,fqdk ig tarhqDudk cPwjzKwfawmh jyefoGm;cJhzdk haumif;w,f/ taru ighudk arSsmfaecJhrSm ighpdwfeJ hom
taraooGm;cJhr,fqdk&if ig i&JjuD;awmhrSm tarudk owfwJh w&m;cHjzpfawmhrSm/ tckudkyJ tar aoaejyDvm;
rodyg1ml; ym,f/ igawmh uHjuD;xdkufygjyD}
tar wwGwfwGwfajymwwfaom pum;/
]'gayr,fh &Gmu 1m,frSm&SdrSef; ararrS rodwmyJ}
]ymkwfw,fav/ tJvdk arhw,fqdkuwnf;u tymkwf rymkwfwm/ tJ'gudku uHjuD;xdkufaewm jzpfrSmaygh}
araronf ol hudk,fol tawG;awGjzifh nSif;qJaevdkufonfrSm a1m;uaejrif&ol pdwfroufomedkifp&myif jzpf\/
olu uav;rav; wpfa,muftm; ol htazu eSpfodrfhovdk ararudk &ifcGifxJaxG;ayG h vsuf acsmharmh&onf/
araru tm;udk;ovdk tjunfhrsdK;jzifh ol hudk armhjunfhwwf\/
tckawmh araronf t&ifuvdk rsuf&nfawGawGusraeawmh/ awmfygao;&J h/ q&mhaq;u xufjrufvSygonf/
aq;aomufjyD; eSpf&ufjumvSsifyif arar oufomvmonf/ aemifwawmh rajyaysmufao; odk haomf rpm;edkifrtdyfedkif
wpfcsdefvHk; idkajuG;ae&avmufatmifawmh rqdk;&Gm;/

]arar}
araru armhyJjunfhonf/ 1mmrS pum;rajym/
ol ararhvufxJrSm udkifxm;aom "gwfyHkudk tomqGJ,lvdu
k fonf/

]arar aq;aomufcsdefa&mufjyDav}

"gwfyHkrSmararidkaeus t1mGm;eSifhararwdk h\"gwfyHkrymkwfojzifholpdwfoufomoGm;onf/ ol rymDa'gwuúodkvf rSm


Public Health(jynfol husef;rma&; rymm1mGJ h) oGm;wufwkef;u &dkufxm;cJhonfhyHkjzpfonf/
]cef hnm;w,faemf arar}
ol ararhudk xHkpHtwdkif; paemufzdk hjudk;pm;onf/ cgwdkif;qdkvSsif cef hnm;w,faemf arar ymk paemufvSsif arar
tjrJ&,farmavh&Sdonf/ tckawmh arar jyHK;yif rjyHK;vm/
olxyfjudk;pm;junfhonf/
]arar rSdK&wJhrsufeSmqdkwm tJ'DrsufeSmaygh arar&J h/ paumvm;&Spf&wJh ydkufqHeJ h avmufatmifvdk hrSdKawGcsnf; ymif;csdK
csufpm;ae&wJhrsufeSmav}
araru tm;emyg;em judk;pm;jyHK;&Smonf/

]q&mu ighudk pOf;pm;cdkif;vdkufwmawG trsm;juD;yJ om;&J h/ Ak'¨yml;ae hus&if ajymjy&rSm}

]ajomf ymkwfw,f/ ararh1m0rSm tcspfqHk;vl ararh1m0rSm rarhedkifqHk;ypönf;? ararh1m0rSm pdwfcsrf;ajrhp&mtaumif;qHk;


tcsdefumv tJ'gawGudk q&mu pOf;pm;cdkif;vdkufwm uGsefawmfjum;w,f}
&Gmemrnfudk ararowd&zdk hpum;awG rsm;rsm;ajymcdkif;jcif; jzpfvdrhfrnfymk olxifygonf/ ararajymorSspum;wkd hudk
q&mu uufqufwdwfacGjzifh oGif;xm;jyD; olu zGifhem;axmif&rnf/ tm;onfhtcsdefwGif uGefysLwmjzifh a&;um
odrf;qnf;xm;jyD; rjumcP jyefzwfjunfhvSsif oJvGefpawG trsm;juD; &edkifygonf/
]reufjzef arar 1mmtajumif;ajymrSmvJ}

]1m0rSm pdwftcsrf;ajrh&qHk; tcsdefumv wJh}


***

13
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(4)

uGsefr1m0rSm pdwftcsrf;ajrh&qHk;tcsdefu jynfjrdK hudk a&mufwJhae hygyJ/tJ'Dae hu jynfa&TqHawmf1mk&m;wefaqmif;


xJrSm rdk; 0ifcdkaecJhwm/ rdk;awGu &Gmvdkufwm rajymygeJ hawmh/um;ay:u qif;uwnf;u 1mk&m;ay: wufvmcJhwm/
1mk&m;yJ tm;udk;p&m &Sdwmudk;/rdk;eJeJpJoGm;awmh 1mk&m;&ifjyifawmfay:rSm ymkdymkd'D'D avSsmufjunfhw,f/em;cdkp&mav;
rsm; awG hrvm;vdk h/

tJ'DrSm aumif;uif rdk;om;awG jum;xJuae {&mr 1mk&m;juD;wpfqludk zl;jrifvdkuf&awmhwmyJ/ uGsefra&S hwnfhwnfh


rSmyg/ rdk;aumif;uifudkawmif 1mk&m;&J h qHxHk;awmfu xdaejyD/ tJ'DavmufjrifhwJh 1mk&m;juD;yg/ uGsefrudk arwåmeJ h
wnfwnfjidrfjidrf junfhaew,f/ 1mk&m;&J hrsufvHk;awmfawGu junfvJhaewmyJ/ 1mk&m;&J h eSKwfcrf;awmfu
rodromav;yJ jyHK;aewm/ rsufeSmawmfu yef;ekazsmhazsmh/ uGsefrav 1mk&m;&Sif&J hrsufeSmawmfudk jrifvdkuf&csif;yJ
pdwfxJrSm csrf;ajrhoGm;awmhw,f/ 1mmudkrS rajumufawmh1ml;/ 1mmudkrS pdwfrqif;&Jawmh1ml;/ uGsefra&S hquf&rJh1m0udk
jrwfpGm1mk&m;u vrf;jyay;aew,f/

uGsefr a&TqHawmf1mk&m;&J h&ifjyifa1m;u orHwvif; jurf;cif;ay:rSm 'l;axmufxkdifcsvdkufrdw,f/ aumif;uifxJu


xdkifaewJh 1mk&m;juD;udk armhjunfhvdk haygh/ OD;wnf&mrJhavSsmufoGm;aewJh 'Dudk,fcE¨mymm wpfae&m&mrSm em;cGifh&awm h
rSmyJvdk h pdwfcs oGm;rdygw,f/

qGJvJoHav;awGuomom,m,m/ uGsefraemuf1mufrSmu a&Ta&mif0if;vJhaewJhapwD/ uGsefra&S hrSmu aumif;uifxJrSm


xdkifaewJh jrwfpGm1mk&m;juD;/

wynfhawmfr&J htylawG ukefqHk;jyD; csrf;ajrhrSKawGeJ hjuHkawG h&ygvdk\ t&Sif1mk&m;/

xdkifaewJh 1mk&m;juD;&J hajc&if; opfawmtkyftkyfqdkif;qkdif;tjum;rSm ajrwvif;ajymifajymifrSm oHCmawmfwpfyg;


ouFef;vSrf;zdk hcgaewmudk jrif&w,f/ 1mk&m;&dyfeJ hoHCmht&dyfudk wpfjydKifeufwnf; jrifvdkuf&awmh uGsefrat;csrf;
oGm;ygw,f/ tJ'gu 1mkef;juD;ausmif;av;wpfausmif;ygvm;/

jynfjrdK hwpfckvHk;udk 1mk&m;ay:uae vSrf;jrif&w,f/ tus,fjuD;rS tjuD;juD;yJ/ oDv&Sifausmif;awGvJ&SdrSmaygh/ uGsefr


pdwftm;wufoGm;ygw,f/ 'ku©onfrwpfa,muftwGuf em;cdkp&m&SmazGzdk huGsefr x&yfvdkufygw,f/

***

14
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(5)

1m0rSm uHjuD;ayvdk hvdk h oufzdkoufrcsvdkuf&wJhtcsdefvm;/ tif; rdk;oJoJxJ0domcgoDv&Sifausmif;wdkufa&S htkwfcHk


ay: ajccsvdkufrdwJhtcsdefygyJ/ jcpfjcpfawmuftyl&SdefeJ h uwkefu,if tzsm;juD;aecJhwmrdk hacGvJusoGm;cJhwm/

oDv&SifawGnaecif; pm&GwfoHudk jum;wpfcsuf rjum;wpfcsuf/ pm&GwfoHu toHomvGef;vdk hwpfudk,fvHk;tyfeJ h


qGaeovdk udkufcJaewJh a0'emu wpf0ufavmuf oufomoGm;ovdkyJ/ 'gayr,fh tdyfaysmfvkvk tzsm;eJ hrdk h pm&Gwf
aeoHu uGsefr tok1mrSm o&P*Hkwifzdk hvm&Gwfaejuwmvdkvkd/

igaoawmhrSmvm;/ ymihhftif; rao&ao;1ml;/ ig aovdk hrjzpf1ml;/

ydwfusaewJh rsufvHk;awGudk ZGwftwif;tm;,lzGifhjunfh/ av;yifnGwfusacGaewJh udk,fcE¨mudk ZGwfvSKyfjunfhawmh


vufwpf1muf vSKyfedkifvma&m/ rdk;a&awGydwfqD;aewJh jrifuGif;u a0a00g;0g;/ tem;u qifem;&Gufydef;yifpdrf;pdrf;
t&Gufzm;zm;awGu uGsefrudk eSdK;aeovdk vSKyf,rf;vdk h/

ymkwfw,f/ igxrSjzpfr,f/ oDv&Sifausmif;wdkufwJh/ ightwGuf cdkvSHKp&mwpfae&mawmh oem;ojzifh ay;vdrfhr,f


xifygw,f/

vufwpf1mufudk Adkufay:wifjunfhw,f/ rmcJjyD; vHk;aewJh 0rf;Adkufwpfae&mrSm wvSKyfvSKyfckefaewm tJ'g


om;av;vm; orD;av;vm;/

tJ'DtawG;u uGsefrudk ausmif;0if;xJw&Gwfwdkuf oGm;edkifatmif wGef;tm;ay;vdkufwmayhg/rdk;a&cHxm;wJh a&yHk;udko,f


zdk htaqmifxJu xGufvmwJhoDv&Sifwpfyg;u aEG;aEG;axG;axG; t0wftpm;awG? aEG;aEG;axG;axG; tdyf&mcif; . . .

]rdef;uav; owd&vm;}

]ymkwfuJh}
]uGrf;&GufjyKwfa&av;eJ hief;aq;av;aomufvdkuf}

uGrf;&GufeH harT;aewJh taiG hwaxmif;axmif; a&aEG;eJ haq;aomufjyD;awmh qefjyKwfyef;uefav;a&mufvmw,f/


oDv&SifawG npmrpm;1ml;qdkwm uGsefrodygw,f/ olwdk husdKcsufay;wJh qefjyKwfudkaomuf&wm tm;emvdkufwm
rajymygeJ hawmh/ 'gayr,fhvJ ymif;csdK yef;ueftjynfhpm qefjyKwfawGudk toufawmif r&SLedkif1mJ ukefatmif
aomufypfvdkufw,f/
ausmif;xdkifq&m&Sifu toufig;q,fausmfavmuf ydefydefyg;yg; t&yfcyfysyfysyf/ rsufvHk;awmufawmuf/ uGsefr
tdyf&ma1m;vmxdkifjyD; vufudkaoG;prf;junfhw,f/

]rif;touf 1m,favmuf&SdjyDvJ}

15
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]q,fhajcmufeSpfyg}
oDv&SifjuD; rsufarSmifwGef hauG;oGm;wmaygh/

]jzpfrSjzpf&av/ i,fi,f&G,f&G,feJ h} wJh/

cPjumawmh xdkif&mu xw,f/

]at; 'ku©onfqdkawmhvnf; cPawmh vufcHxm;ay;r,fav/ rif;aeaumif;oGm;jyDqdkawmh rif;1m0a&S ha&;udk


pOf;pm;juwmaygh/ tckawmh 'DrSm tem;,ltHk;}

uGsefrudk ausmif;rSm aezdk hcGifhrjyKcsif1ml;/ uGsefr oDv&SifjuD;udk ajczufjyD; awmif;yefzdk h pOf;pm;w,f/ tm;u r&Sd/
avmavmq,fq,frSm warS; tdyfcsifvSjyD/ ta0;ajy;um;*dwfawGrSm tdyfp&m ae&mr&SdcJh1ml;av/ cHkwef;&awmhvJ
rdef;uav;rdk hvHkjcHKrSKtwGufpdk;&drfylyef& arS;ceJtdyfaysmfrvdk&Sdwkef; ajcoHjum;&ifumuG,fzkd h tqifoifh taetxm;eJ h
ae&mwm rymkwfvm;/

tckvdk vHkjcHKwJhae&ma&mufcdkuf cPyJjzpfjzpf tdyfaysmfyg&aptHk;/ a&S hrSm uGsefrudk apmifhaewJh c&D;jurf;awG&SdaerSef;


uGsefrodw,f/ tckwpfcPrSmawmh tJ'gawGudk rpOf;pm;ao;yg1ml;/ aemufrS aemufrS/
tJ'Daemufawmh yxrqHk;tjudrf aEG;aEG;axG;axG; vHkvHkjcHKjcHK eSpfeSpfjcdKufjcdKuf tdyfaysmfoGm;w,f/
tdyf&muedk;awmh aemufwpfae hreuf aetawmfjrifhaejyD/
q,fausmfouf rtlrvnf aumifrav; 1m0opf&J hreufcif;udk pvdkufjyDvdk h pdwfxJuae tm;wif;vdkufw,f/
tzsm;aiG henf;enf;&Sdao;ayrJh uGsefrzsm;aevdk hrjzpf1ml;/ tarcPcPajymwJhpum;wpfck &Sdw,f/ wpfvkyfpm;zll; ol h
aus;Zl;wJh/ nwkef;u wpfvkyfruwJh qefjyKwfwpfyef;uefudk ukefatmif aomufcJhjyD;jyD/ aemufjyD; a0'emawGudk
aysmufapwJh aq;0g;vJ aomufcJhjyD;jyD/ oDv&SifawGaus;Zl;udk uGsefrvkyftm;eJ h qyf&r,f/
uGsefr ukef;juHk;x&yfvdkuf&ygw,f/

yxrqHk; rD;zdkaqmifudk 0ifvdkufw,f/

oDv&Sifausmif;wdkufudk uGsefrwpfcgrS ra&mufzl;1ml;/ &GmrSmu 1mkef;juD;ausmif;yJ &Sdwm/


1mkef;juD;ausmif;awGvdk qGrf;cHrpm;&awmh oDv&SifawGymm udk,fwdkif csufjyKwf&wm/ tckrSyJ taotcsm jrif& awG h
&awmhw,f/
rD;zdkaqmifu uGsefrwdk htdrftay:xyfxufawmif us,fao;/ ysOfcif;jurf;jyifu &Sif;vif;aeayrJh wcsdK hae&mawGrSm
jymrSKefoJrSKefawG vGifhvdk h vrf;avSSsmufawmh cyf&S&S jzpfaew,f/ tkwfcJoHk;vHk; zdkcaemufqdkif axmifxm;wJh
xif;rD;zdkav;awG twef;vdkufpDxm;wJh rD;zdkcHkjuD;u tjuD;juD;/ uGsefra&junfhawmh rD;zdkaygif; q,fhav;ck/

rD;zdkawGxJu aEG;aeao;wJhjymawGudk usHK;jyD; oef h&Sif;ava&;pvkyfw,f/ jurf;jyifawGudk a&0wfeJ hokwfjyD; oef hpif
atmif wdkufw,f/ jywif;aygufoHwdkifawGrSmwifaewJh usyfcdk;awG acs;awGudk yGwfwdkufypf&w,f/ 'eftdk;awGuawmh
xif;rD;zdkqkdawmh &Gmutwkdif;yJ/ rD;cdk;rSdKif;txyfxyfeJ hrJwl;aejyD/ 'gayrJh 'eftdk;tem;awG tzHk;awGudkawmh wdkufcGswf
aq;ay;vdkufw,f/

'eftdk;awGudk pyfpyfpkpk vSefavSmjunfhrdawmh ymif;awGrwlwmudk awG h&w,f/ oDv&Sif tpkawG uGJjym;aewmudk;/


aq;ajumwdkufcGswfaewkef;/ ausmif;xdkifoDv&Sifq&mjuD; a&mufvmjyD; wm;ygw,f/

]rif; aeraumif;ao;1ml;av/ em;em;aeae aetHk;rSaygh}

]uGsefr oufomygw,f}

16
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]uGsefrvdk hrajym&1ml;/ wynfhawmfvdk hajym/ 1mkef;juD;eJ hpum;ajymovdkyJaygh/ oDv&Sifqdkwm vlomrefawG


raqmufwnfedkifwJh oDvudk ae hpOfaqmufwnfaewJh yk*¾dKvfawG} wJh/

oDv&SifawG avhvm&wJh ynm/ tm;xkwf&wJh w&m;awGudk &ufydkif;twGif; uGsefrodvmw,f/


olwdk h1m0u jidrf;csrf;vdkufwmaemf/
olwdk hvdkyJ wnfwnfjidrfjidrf at;at;csrf;csrf; aeoGm;&&if 1m,favmufaumif;rvJ/

tif;av/ tif;av/ tckvnf; uGsefr oDv&SifawG&J hat;csrf;wJh t&dyftm0goatmufrSm em;cdkcGifh&vdkufjyDyJ/


emusifp&mawG 1m,favmufrsm;rsm; tJ'gawGarhxm;jyD; topfpzdk h tcGifhtcgudk &vdkufjyD/
1m,favmufaumif;vdkufwJh ukodkvfuHvJ/ uGsefr judk;pm;r,f/
***

17
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(6)

tpdrf;a&mifcsif;rwlaom tpdrf;a&mifwdk h\tv,fwGif uefa&jyifawmif pdrf;vJhae\/ a&jyifonf vSKyfcyfonfqkd&HkrS


om vSdKif;&Sdonf/ a&jyifudk vSrf;jrifedkifaom onfae&mokd h rdcifudk wpfvSrf;csif; wpfqifhcsif;jznf;jznf;ac:vmcJh
jcif; jzpfonf/

a&jyifudk jrifvdkufonfhtcg rdcif\rsufvHk;tjunfh tenf;i,f ajymif;vJoGm;aomfvnf; ajumuf&GH hwkefvSKyfrSKawmh


rymkwfymk olxifygw,f/
]arar 'g jrpfrymkwf1ml;aemf/ 1m,fwkef;urS vSdKif;vJ rxefwJh uefa&jyif}

uefawmfjuD;okd ha&mufuwnf;u ol rdcifvufudk qkyfudkifxm;onf/ ,ckxd rvTwfao;/

]tdyfrufxJrSmrymkwf&if jrpfa&jyifudk igrajumufyg1ml; armifrif;OmPf&,f}

ararhtjyHK;udk &ufawmfawmfjumjumtwGif; jyefjrifvm&awmh ol0rf;omrdonf/ unifyifjuD;rsm;? ouFef;yifjuD;rsm;


ajzmifhpif;pGm rdk;xdjrifhjrifhrwfrwf aygufaeaom tpdrf;a&mifawmtkyfwGif pdwfonf a0'emuif;yvsuf
jidrf;csrf;zG,f&mom &Sdonf rymkwfvm;/

]um;awGu ymkdk;tjyif1mufrSm jrifae&ayrJh um;oHawG rjum;&wJhae&m/ 1m,favmufjidrf;csrf;vJaemf arar}


]tif;}
araru toufudk 00&SL&SdKufvdkufonf/

]om; yef;eH hwpfckck arT;ovdkyJ 1mmyef;eH hygvdrfh}

olarT;junfhonf/ rdrdu teH hcHraumif;ay/ 1mmyef;eH hrS rarT;vm;/

]uHhaumfrsm;vm; arar}

]rymkwf1ml;/ tifjuif;yef;eH h/ 'DrSm tifjuif;yif&Sdvm;}

]tm ymkwfwmaygh arar/ &Sdw,f/ ymkd1mufem;rSm eJeJoGm;&OD;rSm}

olrdcifvufudk vufqGJjyD; ac:oGm;onf/

rdcifu ol hudk r,HkouFmjunfh\/

]om; 'Dae&mudk &nf;pm;eJ hvmzl;vdk hodaewmvm;}

18
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]aymmAsm}
ol tck&ufydkif;wGif wwfedkiforSs a0vGifymlonfhemrnfudk xnfhrajymrdatmif owdxm;aecJhonf/ rdcif\ylyif
aomuudk xyfqifhrwdk;apvdkaomajumifh jzpfonf/ rdrd1m0wGif a0vGifqdkwmr&SdcJhovdkvdk aerdonf/ ntcsdef
zkef;qufvSsifvnf; arartdyfaysmfrS {nfhcef;rS zkef;jzifh pum;ajymonf/

]araruav juHjuHzefzef avSsmufawG;w,f/ uGsefawmf 'Dudk wpfcgrSa0vGifeJ h rvmzl;1ml;/ wu,f/ 'Dudk &nf;pm;eJ h
vm&rSm &Sufp&mjuD; arar&J h/ uGsefawmfwdk hu aumfzDqdkifwdk hpm;aomufqdkifwdk hrSmyJ xdkifpum;ajymjuwm}

araru r,Hkyg1ml; ymlonfh tjyHK;jzifh ol hudk rsufarSmifjuKwfonf/ rawG h&wmjumaom ararhcspfpedk; rsufvHk;udk
jrif&awmh ol aysmfoGm;onf/

]opfyif pdrf;pdrf;awGudk jrifawmh arar aysmfvm;}

]tif; pdrf;pdrf;jrjr at;at;csrf;csrf;/ 'gayrJh tarhudkawmh pdwfylaew,f}

]uGsefawmf jynfu 0domcgoDv&Sifwdkufudk pmxnfhxm;w,favarar/ ararhudk wpfa,mufwnf;xm;cJhzdk hpdwfrcsvdk h


om? edk hrymkwf&if uGsefawmf tajy;oGm;jyD; ar;vdkujf yD}

]tdk oDv&Sifq&mjuD;rS r&SdawmhwmyJ om;&,f/ 1m,folu 'ku©onfav; eSif;rSKefudk rSwfrdedkifyghrvJ/ q,fhig;eSpf


teSpfeSpfq,f &Sda&mayghwJh/ wdk hxGufcJhwm}
]rSwfrdwJhvl wpfa,mufa,mufawmh &SdrSmyg}

ol rdcifvufudk qGJvsuf tifjuif;yifjuD;&Sd&modk hac:oGm;vdkufonf/

tifjuif;yef;yGifhwmu tvGefxl;jcm;onf/ yifpnfuae uyfjyD; tudkif;&if;uaeuyfjyD; yef;yGifhwmyJ/ tif;juif;yef;


awGu uHhaumfyHkpH 'gayr,fh yGifhcsyfrmrmxlxl/ 0wfrSKef0wfqHawGu ydkjuD;jyD; ydkwkwfcdkifonf/ jrufcif;jyif pdrf;pdrf;
ay:rSm tckav;wGifrS ajuGusoGm;cJhymef &Sdaom vwfqwfonfh yef;yGifhoHk;av;yGifh&Sdonf/ 0wfrSKef0wfqH tpGef;awG
rJaeatmif jumjumajuGcJhjyD;aom yef;wcsdK hvnf; awG h&onf/

rdcifu yef;tajuGwpfyGifhudk aumuf,lvdkuf\/ odk haomf arT;juljcif;awmh rjyKay/

]arT;vdkufwmaemf arar}

yef;ajuGwpfyGifhudk aumuf,ljyD;vSsif arT;julp&mymkom jrifapcsifonf/ yef;ajuGwpfyGifhuae a&mufwwf&m&mawG


tawG;e,fcsJ hvSsif pdwfoufom&m&zG,f r&Sday/ rdcifudk tawG;rqef hedkifatmif ol pum;awGtrsm;juD; ajymonf/

]Ak'¨jrwfpGm1mk&m;u tifjuif;yifatmufrSm arG;wmaemf/ ararcPcP ajymzl;wmav/ vkrÁeDomarm cufcsif;,SOfwJh


tifjuif;awmqdkvm;}
rdciff\tawG;xJwGif r,fawmfrm,mvnf; &Sdymefrwl? od'¨w¬vnf; &Sdymefrwl/ vufxJu yef;tajuGudk
ai;junfhaeaom rsufvHk;awGu rSKefrSdKif;vsuf/ pum;oHvnf; wdwfqdwfvsuf/

rawG;eJ h/ 1mmudkrS rawG;eJ h ymk olowday;vdkufcsif\/ odk haomf owday;cgrS ydkawG;rSmvm;/

]uGsefawmf i,fi,fu ararqdkqdkjywJh uAsmawGudk uGsefawmfrarh1ml;qdkwm ,Hkvm;/ tck uGsefawmf qdkjyr,f}


pdrf;arSmifonfh jrufcif;urÁvmay:wGif olajcypfvufypf xkdifcsvdkufonf/ tay:armhjunfhawmh tifjuif;yif

19
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

tcufawG tudkif;awGjum;u tjyma&mif aumif;uifeSifh tjzLa&mifwdrfwdk hudk wpf0ufwpfysuf jrif&onf/


jrufcif;qDjyefjunfhrdawmh jrufcif;ay:u ararhajcaxmufudk rTm;aumifav;wpfaumif vmuyfwm jrif&onf/ ymm
'Daumif/ ol vufjzifh vSrf;,yfcwfz,fvdkuf\/

]at;&dyfomwJh yanmifndK? OjowGefoHcsdK


'dk;,kdpD;wJhe'DwGif; orifa&aomufqif;}

arar ol h1mufodk hvSnfhvmonf/ oljyHK;jyvdkuf\/

]jrufcif;vJhvJh ajrnDnD uHhaumf0wfrSKefpD


ZmvDaysmfwJh ausmif;ocFef; vlav;oGm;csifprf; wJh/
arar tJ'DuAsmudk rSwfrdvm;}

arar rajz/ araridkifaeonf/ ararhvufxJu yef;tajuGudk ol tjrifuyfuyfeSifh qGJ,lvTifhypfvdkufonf/


]oGm; 'Dyef;tpm; uGsefawmf tyifuae cl;ay;r,f}

araru ol hpum;ukd owdxm;rdyHkr&/ olvTifhypfvdkufojzifh cyfvSrf;vSrf;odk h a&mufoGm;aom yef;yGifhav;udk


vSrf;junfhaeonf/
ol yifpnfa1m;odk ha&mufoGm;jyD;rS yef;cl;zdk hroifhawmfajumif; awG;rdoGm;onf/ pdwfnpfaewJh tarhudk aysmfapcsif
OD;awmh jynfolydkifyef;jcHwpfckxJu yef;wpfyGifhudk rcl;oifhyg1ml;av/

]rcl;eJ h}

rdcifu wm;jrpfonf/

]rcll;yg1ml; arar&J h}

xdk haemuf pdwful;wpfrsdK;aygufoGm;um apmapmu olvTifhypfvdkufaom yef;yGifhav;udk jyefaumufvdkufrd\/


yGifhcsyfav;eSpfck yJhajuGoGm;jyDudk owdxm;rdonf/

]yJhoGm;jyD;om;juD; r,leJ hawmh xm;vdkuf}

rdciftoHu cyfazsmhazsmh/ vSKyfvSKyfcwfcwf/


ol yGifhcsyftajuGeSpfckudkyg cyfzGzG aumuf,lvmcJhonf/

]yJhwmav;udkyJ jyefqufay;rvkd harar&J h/ rsufvSnfh rsufvSnfh}

ol htdwfuyfxJrSm oGm;jum;xkd;wHtacsmif;av;wpfck uyfuyfoyfoyf &Sdaewmudk owd&oGm;onf/

]'DrSmjunhf arar}

oGm;jum;xkd;wHudk ararrjrifatmif tom0SufjyD; tacsmif;ao;ao;av;awGxyfzJh,lvdkuf\/ xdktacsmif; ao;ao;


rSsifrSsifav;rsm;jzifh yGifhcsyfajuGav;eSpfckudk tyGifhtajcrSm uyfxdk;ay;vdkufonf/ aymm yef;yGifhav; yGifhcsyfpHkoGm;jyD/

]a&mh arar}

20
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

taumif;yuwd jzpfoGm;aom tifjuif;yGifhav;udk ararhvufxJodk hzGzGav; xnfhay;vdkufonf/ cyfrSKefrSKef jzpfaeom


rdcifrsufvHk;awG tenf;i,f junfvifvmonf/ tHhjoonfh cHpm;csufudk jrif&onf/

]ym,f tymkwfyJ/ 1m,fvdk vkyfvdkufwmvJ}

rdcifu yef;yGifhudk vufay:rSm vSnfhywfjunfh&if; pdwf0ifwpm; jzpfvmonf/ 1m,fvdk jyifqifxm;ovJymk


oJvGefpcHonfh rsufvHk;rsm;jzifh &SmazGonf/

]1mmeJ hqufvdkufwmvJ}

]tJ'g ynmav}

ol har;aphudk vufnSdK;jzifh tomoyfjyvsuf juD;juD;us,fus,f ynm&SdjuD;ymef vkyfjyvdkufonf/

]arar avmujuD;rSm ajuGoGm;jyD;wJh yef;awG trsm;juD;/ tJ'DxJrSm yef;jyefyGifhoGm;wJh yef;r&Sd1ml;vdk hxifovm;}


tifjuif;yef;yGifhudk oGm;jum;xdk;wHtusefeSifh ymkd1mufonf1mufaygufatmif cyfqqxdk;jyD; qHxdk;yHkpHvkyfvdkufonf/
xdk haemuf xdkyef;yGifhtm; rdcif\ &dk;pif;aom 1mD;qHywfqHxHk;tjum;wGif olxdk;nSyfay;vdkufavonf/

]wcsdK hyef;yGifhawGu wpfppD zJhacGscHvdkuf&ayrJh yef;jyefyGifhedkifwJh owådawG &Sdw,f rymkwfvm;}

tdE´d, uAsmq&mjuD; &m1mifj'mewfofw*dk;\ uAsmwpfydk'fudk ol owdw& a&&Gwfjyrdonf/

t&kPfwGif nSdK;EGrf;oGm;aom
yef;rsm;onf vnf;aumif;
oJuEÅ&xJwGif avvGifhaeaom
prf;acsmif;onf vnf;aumif;
rqHk;&SHK;ao;/
þonfudk igod\/

***

21
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(7)

'umav; a'gufwmrif;OmPf

q&mav; pmjyefa&;vdkufygonf/

'umav; q&m0efjzpfoGm;onfudk reSif;rSKef pma&;tajumif;jum;cJhonfh tcsdefuwnf;u q&mav;wdk hodcJhjyD;


0rf;omjunfeL;cJh&ygonf/ q&mt&Sif ysHvGefawmfrloGm;jyD;onfhaemuf q&mav;wdk hpmoifwdkufudk r,drf;r,dkif
atmif judk;pm;axmufuefvsuf qufvuf &yfwnfaejuygonf/
rESif;rSKefvmcJhonfh &Gmemrnfawmh q&mav;vJ rodyg/ rESif;rSKefu &Gmemrnfudk twdtus rajymcJhyg/
'umav;\rdcif reSif;rSKef aeraumif;ymk jum;od&onfhtwGuf q&mav;wdk hpdwfraumif; jzpf&ygonf/ ol htwGuf
usef;rm&Tifvef;ygapajumif; arwåmydk htrSsa0 qkawmif;ay;vsuf &Sdygonf/

'umr rESif;rSKefa&mufvmpOfu tajumif;wdk hudk q&mav; rSwfrdoavmuf ajymjyygrnf/


q&mjuD; a':OmPpm&Du rESif;rSKeftm; wpfvaecGifhjyKxm;onfh xdkumvtwGif; eSif;rSKefonf oDv&Sif q&mjuD;udk
0wfjuD;0wfi,f jyKpk&HkrSsru oDv&Sifausmif;twGuf 0ifaiGudkyif jznfhpGrf;ay;ol jzpfvmcJhygonf/ajraumif;aumif;
rdk;aumif;aumif;eSifh opfyifoD;eSHawG aygaom ausmif;wdkufrdk h jrifjriforSs aiGawGcsnf; wJh/

]wynfhawmfwdk huGsef;xJudkif;xJrSmu opfyifjuD;juD;qdkvdk h odyfr&Sd1ml;1mk&m;/ oHk;av;eSpfwpfcg jrpfa&wdkufpm;vdk h


tdrfawG ,mawG a&T h&wm/ tjuD;qHk; opfyifu 0g;wpf&dkufavmufyJ jrifhw,f/ rmvumyifawmif juD;juD;rm;rm;
r&Sd1ml;} ymk qdkygonf/
oDv&Sifausmif;wdkufrSmawmh o&ufoD;yif? rmvumyif? ydef;eJyif/ 'l;&if;yif/ 'nif;yifawG &Sdonf/ reSif;rSKefu
'nif;yifeSifh 'l;&if;yifudk rjrifzl;1ml; ymk ajymygonf/
]toD;awGudk ra&mif;1ml;vm; q&mav;}

]a&mif;w,f vmvm,ljuw,f/ xdkufoavmuf aiGvnf; jyefvSLwmaygh}

rjumrD ydef;eJoD;vmqGwfonfhvlawGeSifh rESif;rSKef pum;ajymonf/ oyfvSsdKxm;jyD;onfh toD;udk vmcsdKifjcif;


jzpfonf/ reSif;rSKefu &onfhaiG rwefymk ajymonf/ q&mav;wdk h uawmh aiGudk &SmazG&ef roifhawmfyg/
oDv&Sifqkdwm t&Gufvnf; rcl;&/ toD;vnf; rcl;&/ tmywfoifhonf/
]rmvumoD;awGvJ wHcsLeJ hvmcl;vdkuf tyifay:wufcl;vdkufeJ h/ tvHk;ta&twGufeJ h aiGeJ hrumrd1ml; 1mk&m;/
aps;oGm;xdkifa&mif;&if 'Dhxufru ydkufqHawG&rSm/ oDv&Sifq&mjuD;&J hapmifu EGrf;aejyD/ jcif;axmifuvnf;
taygufawGjyefjyef zmxm;&wm/ aps;xJoGm;a&mif;vdk h&wJhaiGudk pkjyD; apmifav; jcifaxmifav; 0,fedkifwmyJ/
wynfhawmf a&mif;yg&ap 1mk&m;}

22
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

aemufawmh rESif;rSKefonf ausmif;xJrSm &SdaeorSs toD;t&Gufwdk hudk eHeufwdkif; aps;ajy;a&mif;onfhtvkyfjzifh


rem;&atmif &Sdonf/ ydef;eJoD;qdkvSsif tvHk;vdkuf wpfrsdK;/ trTmawG wpfrsdK; eSpfrsdK;a&mif;\/ iSufaysmoD;tzD;awG?
rmvumoD;awG? o&ufoD;uawmh reSif;rSKefa&mufonfhrdk;umvrSm wHk;pjyKjyD/ odk haomf o&ufwHk;csdefrSm
vufuseftoD;awGu aiGydk&onf qdkygonf/

'umav;rdcif reSif;rSKefonf aps;uae jyefygvmorSSs ydkufqHudk tajuGaphutp wdkuftkyfoDv&SifjuD;


a':OmPpm&DxH wpfjym;rcsef tyfonf/
]ymJh rsm;vScsnfvm; eSif;rSKef} ymk q&mav;wdk hu tHhjoaeonf/ reSif;rSKefuawmh aiGpav;awG rsm;rsm; &Smay;edkif
ojzifh auseyfae&Smonf/
oDv&Sifausmif;wdkufrSm vpOfaiG? ig;yda&csdK? qm;? yJ wdk hudk vSLonfh tvSL&Sifrsm; &Sdaomfvnf; qeftwGufawmh
wpfywfeSpfjudrf qGrf;qef tvSLcHxGufju&ao;onf/
reSif;rSKef a&mufvmonfhtcg oDv&Sifausmif;wdkuf\teD;tyg;u vlawGu yef;awGcl; toD;awG cl; rcl;&awmh/
&SdorSs yef;awGudk reSif;rSKefu cl;jyD; 1mk&m;wifvdk hydkwm rSeforSs aps;xGufa&mif;aomajumifh jzpfonf/
vl0wfajumifudk ausmif;wdkufrSm jum&Snfrxm;edkifonfh pnf;urf;wif;juyfrSKajumifh rESif;rSKefonf
oDv&Sifrsm;raeonfh Z&yftdkav; wpfaqmifwGif rD;rzGm;rD acwåaecGifh jyKyg&ef awmif;yefcJhonf/ q&mjuD;u
arwåmjzifh cGifhjyKcJhonf/ oDv&Sifwdk h\ arwåmu&kPmuvnf; eSif;rSKeftay: pk1ml;vdkyif jynfhvSsHvmawmhonf/
toufi,fi,frdk h cdkif;vdk hvnf; aumif;ojzifh reSif;rSKefonf q&mav;wdk h\ajcjrefawmf jzpfvmonf/
udk,f0efjuD;wum;um;eSifh opfyifjudkopfyifjum;? wufaevdk hq&mav;wdk h ymef hwm; &onf/ aps;a&mif;tjyefwGif
oDv&Sifausmif;wdkuftwGuf ymif;csufp&mrsm;? tom;ig; vdktyfonfrsm;udk aemufae htwGuf 0,fvmcJhwwfonf/
reSif;rSKef em;csdefonf oDv&Sifwdk h pmcscsdef ncsrf;awGom jzpfonf/
av;wef;atmif&Hkom pmoifcJh&aom eSif;rSKefonf oDv&Sifwdk husufrSwfaeaompm0gwdk hudk tm;usvsuf odyf
em;rvnf1mJ vdkufem;axmifaewwfonf/
wpfnaerSmawmh pjuFefavSsmuf&if; pdwfykwD;pdwfaeaom wdkuftkyfoDv&SifjuD;udk usHK husHK hxdkifvsufu reSif;rSKef
uefawmhonf/
]orD;av;arG;vm&if oDv&Sifrsm; jzpfvmrvm;}

reSif;rSKefu q&mjuD;udk avSsmufawmh q&mav;u at; aumif;w,fymk ajymvdkufonf/ odk haomf rESif;rSKefu
csufcsif;yif jiif;qef\/
]oDv&SifawGu jidrf;csrf;wmawmh trSefyg&J h/ 1mkef;juD;awGavmufawmh ta&;ay; tjunfndKrcH&1ml;/ vlawGvdkyJ
qGrf;qefudk xrif;jzpfatmif csufjyKwf&/ ol htpkeJ hol tdk;cGJcsufjyKwfpm;ju&mwmrdk h ol hxrif; udk,hfxrif; ol hqef
udk,fhqef? ol hiyd udk,fh iyd a0&jcrf;& xdef;&odrf;&eJ h}
tawG;awGudk wwGwfwGwf &Gwfaeawmhw,f/ 'geJ hyJ q&mav;uyJ jznfhajymvdkufao;ygw,f/
]ymkwfw,f/ 'Dhxufqdkwm&Sdao;w,f/ cyfacsmacsm oDv&Sifqdk&if vHkjcHKa&;twGuf pdwfylyif&ao;w,f/ oDv&Sifudk
omoemzsufrJh a,musfm;awG &Sdwwfao;ouGJ h}
1mk&m;vufxufu edygwfawmfwpfckudk reSif;rSKefodatmif q&mav;uyJ ajymjyvdkufygonf/
]tvGefvSywJh 1mdu©LeDrudk a,musfm;wpfa,mufu cspfjudkufvdk hvdkufpum;ajymowJh/
]igu 1mk&m;omomemudk vdkufemwJh 1mk&m;orD;yg/ wumawmf roifhawmfyg1ml; vdk h jiif;y,fwm;jrpfayrJh ymdkvlu
vufravSsmh1mJ 1mdu©LeDr&J htvSudom wwGwfwGwf csD;rGrf;aeowJh/
]rif;&J hrsufvHk;tpHkymm aomuf&SL;ju,fvdk awmufy0if;vuf ta&mifawmifjzmxGufaewm vSvdkufwm/

23
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

'DrsufvHk;awGudk cspfvGef;vdk hydkifqdkifyg&ap/ ighudkvufxyfyg/


]tJ'D csD;rGrf;pum;udkvJ jum;a&m oDv&Sif 1mdu©LeDru ol hrsufvHk;udk udk,fwdkif azmufxkwfqGJ,ljyD; aoG;oH&J&J
rsufvHk;udk tJ'Da,musfm;vufxJ xnfhowJh/
]rsufvHk;aymmufyuf aoG;pufpufeJ h 1mdu©LeDoDv&Sifudk jrifa,mifjunfhprf;yg/ aoG;oH&J&J rsufvHk;juD;udk vufrcH&J1mJ
wkefvSKyfajcmufjcm;xGufajy;oGm;onfh a,musfm;udk jrifa,mifjunfhprf;yg}

]tJ'Dvkd a,musfm;rsdK;awmh wynfhawmf rarG;csifyg1ml;/ wynfhawmf om;arG;cJh&if tJ'Dom;u vl,kwfrm


rjzpfap&yg1ml;} vdk hwkefwkefvSKyfvSKyf ajymae&J h/
pdwfykwD;pdwfjyD;oGm;aom a':OmPpm&DxH reSif;rSKefu tomwdk;oGm;jyD; ar;cGef;ar;cJhonf/
]wynfhawmf wpfckavmufodcsifygw,f}

q&mjuD;u ar;yg ymk vuftomjyonf/

]om;orD;qdkwm rd1meJ htukefwlwmyJvm; 1mkk&m;}

]1mmajumihf ar;wmvJ 1mmudk odcsifwmvJ}

]wynfhawmf arG;vmrJhom;orD;u wynfhawmfvdk rSm;rSmvJ pdk;w,f 1mk&m;}


a':OmPpm&Du w&m;aymm ukvm;xdkifwGif tom0ifxdkifjyD; rESif;rSKef\qHyifudk vufjzifh zGzG oyfonf/
]eSif;rSKefu om;orD;awGu rd1mxuf ydkjrifhjrwfwJh om"uawG trsm;juD;uGJ h/ ol h yg&rDeSifh uHuvnf; &Sdao;w,f/
judk;pm;tm;xkwfvdk h&wmvnf; ygao;w,f/ wjcm;a0;a0;rjunfheJ h wdk ha*gwrjrwfpGm1mk&m;udk junfhav/
omref&Sif1mk&ifuae arG;vmwJhrif;om;/ taztarxuf ydkjrifhjrwfjyD; vlom;awGtwGufomru vlewfjAym®m
avmuoHk;yg;rSmudk tjuD;jrwfqHk;1mk&m;jzpfvmcJhw,f/ tJ'g olukd,fwdkifrem;rae w&m;usifhjuHtm;xkwfcJhvdk hav}
]'gayr,fh 1mk&m;&J hrd1mawGuvnf; rsdK;&dk;oef hwmudk;}

]jrwfpGm1mk&m;vufxufu tvGefemrnfjuD;cJhwJh orm;awmf ZD0uqdkwm jum;zl;wm eSif;rSKef/ tJ'D ZD0uqdk&if


1m,feS,fhvkyfrvJ/ ol harG;rdcifu jynfhwefqmrav/ jynfhwefqmuae arG;ayr,fh ymdk1m0yg&rDt&? 'D1m0usifhjuH
tm;xkwfrSKt& trsm;toufudk u,fwJh orm;awmfjrwfjuD; jzpfvmw,f}

]tdk ymkwfvm;}
xkdpum;ajumifh reSif;rSKeftm;wufoGm;&Smonf/

reSif;rSKef crsm &ifaoG;av;udk qif;&Jylyef&ol rjzpfapcsif/ trSm;awGajumifh ylavmif&olvnf; rjzpfapcsif/


wnfwnfjidrfjidrf touf&SifapcsifonfwJh/
]vl h1m0rSm pdk;&drfajumifhjuuif;uif;eJ htouf&SifaeoGm;edkifzdk h1mmu ta&;juD;qHk;vJ 1mk&m;} vdk har;cJhonf/
q&mjuD;u rqdkif;rwG csufcsif;ajzonf/

]OmPfynmaygh wumrav;&,f}

]OmPfynmeJ hjynfhpHkolom avmu&J htqdk;taumif;eJ htusdK;tjypfudk cGJjcm;odw,f/ tJ'Dvdk cGJjcm;odrSom

24
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

aumif;usdK;csrf;omtwGuf usifhjuHtm;xkwfedkifw,f/ trsm;udk ulnDedkifw,f/ OmPfynmr&Sd&if oDvudkrod1ml;/


tjypfudk rod1ml;/ tjypfudk rod&if rdkufrSm;usL;vGefrdr,f/ 'gajumifh OmPfynmr&Sdolymm i&JeJ heD;w,f}
]OmPfynm tJ'DOmPfynmudk om;av;&apcsifvdkufwm} wJh/ rESif;rSKefu qE´jyKonf/
]armifhrdcifymm tJ'Dvdk armif&ifhudk ynmawmfjzpfapcsifwJh qE´eJ hol h1m0udk xdef;ausmif;jyD; armif&ifhudkvJ jyKpkysdK;
axmifcJhw,f/
juifjuifemem jyKpkyg/ ol hudk w&m;rSwfcdkif;yg/ 1m0oHo&mudk jzwfedkifwm 0dyóemyJqdkwm 'umav; rarhygeJ h/
usef;rmcsrf;omjuapzdk hq&mav;wdk harwåmydk hvsuf &Sdygonf/

edAÁmefa&mufajumif;w&m;udk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfedkifolrsm; jzpfjuygapownf;/

q&mav; a':oD&dacrm
0domcg ausmif;wdkuf
jynfjrdK h/

***

25
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(8)

]vufaqmif&zl;vm;qdkawmh vufaqmif cPcP&zl;wmaygh/ om; edkifiHjcm;uae jyefvmwdkif; uGsefrtwGuf


vufaqmifawG 0,f0,fvmwmudk;}
]1mmawGygvJ}
]tdk tpHkygyJ/ *syefuae jyefvmawmh *syefjynfjzpf uDrdkedkpeJ hxD;av;/ 1mefaumufuae jyefvmawmh ydk;xnf
xrDpawG/ vufywfem&DpHkvdk h}
]i,fi,fwkef;ua&m vufaqmifawG &zl;vm;}
]rrSwfrd1ml; r&zl;1ml;xifyg&J h/ uGsefrwdk hu qif;&Jw,f q&m/ tzdk;wefwmawG 1m,f&edkifyghrvJ/}
]pmar;yGJatmifvdk htaru qkcswmwdk h1mmwdk h}
]ymifhtif; qkr&1ml;}
]pOf;pm;ygOD;}
(arar\&,farmoH)
]pOf;pm;&wm &,fp&maumif;ovm;}
]ymkwfuJh}
]1mmu &,fp&maumif;wmvJ}
]vufaqmif}
]vufaqmif&zl;w,faygh}
]ymifhtif; uGsefrudk ay;wJhvufaqmif rymkwf1ml;/ tarhudk ay;wJhvufaqmif}
]tarhudk}
]ymkwfw,f zdeyfav;wpf&H/ opfom;cHkzdeyfav;aygh}
]tJ'D zdeyfav;tajumif; ajymygOD;}
zdeyfuav;u cspfp&mav;/ OD;aumhaumhav;/ opfom;teSpfjzLjzLeJ h qdkawmh vSwmaygh/ uGsefrtarudk tJ'D
zdeyfuav; vufaqmifay;wJholu uGsefrwdk h tdrfeD;csif; aumifav;/ ol hemrnfu at;ndKwJh/ at;ndKwdk htdrfu
"g;ckwfoH ae hwdkif; jum;&w,f/ olwdk hu zdeyfckwfa&mif;w,fav/ zdeyfckwfa&mif;w,fqdkwm junfhawmhom
vG,fwm/ tvGefyifyef;wJh tvkyfyg/ uGsefrwdk h&GmeD;csKyfpyfrSm opfyifjuD;juD;rm;rm;qdkvdk h oa1mmFref;usnf;yifawGyJ
&Sdwm/ tJ'D oa1mmF refusnf;yifawG av;ig;ajcmufeSpfom; &Sdvm&if yifpnf;vHk;u vljuD;aygifvHk;avmuf
wkwfvmw,f/ tJ'DtcgrSm opfom;cHkzdeyfckwfzdk h taeawmf opfudk &wmaygh/

26
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

yifpnftacgufawGudk cGmvdkuf&if twGif;u teSpfom;u jzLazG;aewm/ rpdkrajcmuftaeawmfudk ckwf&wm/


ajcmufoGm;&if udk,fvdkcsifoavmuf yHkoGif;zkd hcufoGm;jyD/
tJ'Dae hu uGsefr tdrfaemuf1mufu arjrdK hyef;cif;udk a&avmif;aewkef; at;ndK tdrf0dkif;xJ 0ifvmw,f/ at;ndKu
uGsefreJ h&G,fwl/ t&yfjrifhjrifh tom;ndKndK/ qHyifuvJ ndKndK/ rsufvHk;uvJ ndKndK/
]at;ndK 1mmudpö} vdk h taru oHo,eJ hvSrf;ar;w,f/
taru a,musfm;av; i,fi,fqkd&if uGsefrwdk hnDtpfrudk ydk;w,fcsnf; xifaewmudk;/ uGsefr arjrdK hyef;cif;
awG1mufuae tdrfa&S hqD tajy; xGufvmcJhw,f/ xl;xl;qef;qef;/ at;ndKu uGsefrwdk h tdrf1mufudk vmaeusrS
rymkwf1mJ/
uGsefr tdrfa&S ha&mufawmh at;ndKvufxJrSm udkifxm;wJh zdeyfav;wpf&Hudk jrifvdkufw,f/ ym,fawmh cspfp&mav;vdk h
pdwfxJu oa1mmusoGm;w,f/
uGsefawmf zdeyfvmay;wmyg vdk h at;ndKu txpfxpf taighaigh ajymw,f/
]zdeyf ymkwfvm;/ 1m,fol htwGufwkef; 1m,folu rSmxm;vdk hwkef;}
at;ndKcsufcsif; rajz1mJ uGsefrqD vSrf;junfhw,f/ zdeyfu uGsefrajcaxmufeJ htawmfavmufyJvdk h uGsefrxifw,f/
'guGsefrtwGuf olckwfxm;wmrsm;vm;vdk h awG;rdawmh &ifckefoGm;wmaygh/ 'gayr,fh xifvJ rxif&Jyg1ml;/ at;ndKeJ h
uGsefreJ hodyfrS rcif1mJ/
]1m,folrS rrSmxm;yg1ml;}
]tdk 1m,folrS rrSm1mJeJ hrsm;}
taru rsufarSmifjuD;juKwfjyD; uGsefreJ hat;ndKudk r,HkouFm tuJcwfw,f/ tarhtjunfhajumifh uGsefr at;ndKudk
oem;aewkef; at;ndKu zswfceJ jyHK;jyD; tarhvufxJudk tJ'D zdeyfxnfhay;vdkufawmhwmyJ/
]a':av;twGuf uGsefawmf udk,fwdkifckwfxm;wJh zdeyfyg/ a':av;udk vmay;wm}
taru ta,mifa,mif trSm;rSm;eJ hudkifxm;vdkufw,f/
]aym}
tar yg;pyf taymmif;om; jzpfoGm;w,f/ jzpfcsifawmh tJ'Dwkef;u tarh ajcaxmufrSmvJ zdeyf r&Sdyg1ml;/
rD;zdkacsmifujyifav;uae uref;uwef; qif;vmcJhwmrdk h tjrD;wdk cHkzdeyfudk tar rpGyfcJh1ml;av/
at;ndKu tartHhjoaewkef;rSmyJ uGsefrudk jyKH;jyjyD;awmh vSpfqdk xGufajy;oGm;awmhw,f/
]xl;xl;qef;qef;awmf ighudkrsm; zdeyfay;&w,fvdk h/ rSef;prf;}
]w,f 'Duav;}
zdeyfav;u ao;ao;av;/ tarhajcaxmufeJ h1m,fawmfyghrvJ/ oJjudk;u &m1mm tjurf; rymkwf/ tekpm;/
trJa&mifawmh trJa&mifaygh/ 'gayrJh uGif;xdk; tjym;vdkufrymkwf1mJ ajcreJ hajcndSK;jum;rSm nSyfvdk h&atmif wyfxm;wJh
ajcnSyfzdeyfyg/ cHkzdeyfudk uGsefrwdk h&GmrSm uGif;xdk;yJ ckwfju qifjuwm/ ajcSnSyfvdk h&atmif oJjudk;wyfxm;wJh zdeyfudk
uGsefr yxrqHk; jrifzl;vdkufwmygyJ/
]ighajcaxmufeJ hrwefwJh zdeyfudk ighvmay;w,f}
tarhajcaxmuf zdeyfxJ0ifatmif pGyfvdk hr&1ml;av/ uGsefr&,fcsifvdkufwm rajymygeJ hawmh/

27
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]zdeyfu i,fi,fav; tar&J h}


uGsefr 0ifajymawmh taru uGsefrudk rsufapmif;xdk;w,f/
]i,frSmaygh/ 1m,fajcaxmufeJ hwdkif;xm;rSef;rS rod1mJ}
tif; uGsefrxifcJhoavmufawmh taru rt1ml;/ tar&dyfrdaevdrfhr,f/
]uGsefrpD;junfhr,fav/ uGsefreJ hawmf&if uGsefrpD;r,f}
tar 1mmrS rajymawmh uGsefrvJ zdeyfav;udk pD;junfhvdkufygw,f/ aymmawmh/
wu,fyg1mJ/ zdeyfay:udk ajcaxmufwifjunfhvdkufwmeJ h ajcaxmufu avSsmceJ oufoufomomav; tHudkuf
jzpfoGm;awmhwm/
]tar uGsefreJ htawmfyJawmh}
]'Duav; rymkwfrSvGJa&m nnf;udk rsufpdusaejyD xifw,f/ 'g nnf;pD;zdk hyJ/ &r,f&SmjyD; ighay;wm}
]tdk taruvJ juHjuD;pnf&m}
tJ'Dvdk ajymvdkuf&ayrJh uGsefrodw,f/ at;ndK uGsefrtwGuf zdeyfudk ckwfcJhwm/ oludk,fwdkifckwfcJhwmaygh/ ol h
vuf&mudk uGsefrodw,f/ uGsefrwdk h&GmrSm zdeyfckwfwJhvkyfief;vkyfwm eSpfOD;oHk;OD; &Sdw,f/ at;ndK h zdeyfu
vuf&mtaumif;qHk;/
tJ'Dae hu uGsefrajcz0g;av; ae&wm awmfawmfudk tqifajyaew,f/ vrf;oGm;&ifvJ oufoufomomav;/
uGsefr zdeyfav;udk pD;jyD; tdrfa&S hxGufvmawmh at;ndKu uGsefrajcaxmufudk t&ifiHk hjunfhw,f/ ol hzdeyfav;udk
uGsefrpD;xm;wm jrifawmh oljyHK;vdkufwmrsm; ta&mifudk awmufoGm;wmyJ/
]eSif;rSKef zdeyfav; awmfvm;}
]tdk tHusyJ}
vTwfceJ ajymjyD;rS uGsefr &SufoGm;rdw,f/ 'gayr,fh uGsefr tHhjo&vGef;wmudk rar;1mJ raeedkifvdk h ar;vdkufrd
ao;w,f/
]ighzdeyf t&G,ftpm;udk eif1m,fvdkvkyf odwmvJ}
olu awmfawmfeJ h rajz1ml;/ uGsefreJ ha1m;csif;,SOf&uf vdkufavSsmufaewm tjumjuD;/ jyD;awmhrS uGsefr&GmxJt0if
olu udkif;cif;awG1muftoGm; vrf;cGJcgeD;rSm pum;wdk;wdk;av; ajymoGm;w,f/
]eifh ajcz0g;av;udk igtvGwf&aewm jumvSjyD} wJh/

***

i,fi,fwkef;uawmh yGJqdkwJhtoHjum;vnf;aysmf/ wpftdrftdrfu tvSLay;vdk haAsmwD;oH jum;vnf; aysmfwmyJ/


junfEl;p&mqdkwmudk pOf;pm;junfh&ifawmh wpfck&Sdw,f/ jrpfa&awG juD;vdk hurf;yg;jydKawmh 1mkef;juD;ausmif;ae&mu
jydKrSmaocsmaewmrdk h 1mkef;juD;ausmif;udk a&T h ay;&wm uGsefrrSwfrdaew,f/ tJ'gu wpf&GmvHk; 0dkif;0ef;vkyfudkif
juwmrdk h junfEl;p&mvdk h ajym&if&r,f xifw,f/

28
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]jrpfa& twufjurf;w,faymh/ 1mkef;juD;ausmif;udk 'Dae htjyD;a&T hjurSjzpfr,f/ wpftdrfwpfa,mufvmcJhju}


reuf aexGufcsdefrSm tdrfaygufaphvdkuf eSdK;aqmfwJh &GmaqmfjuD;OD;pdefarmif toHudk uGsefrowd&w,f/
avmufpyDumrvdkavmufatmif us,fwJhtoHyg/

]axG;av;pdefarmif 1m,fudkvm&rSmwkef;}

]urf;yg;xdyfu &GmOD;ausmif;udkayghym/ eifwdk htdrfu rvdk1ml;av/ a,musfm;om;rS r&SdwmyJ}

]tdk a,musfm;r&SdayrJh usKyf&Sdygw,fawmh} vdk huGsefrajymvdkufw,f/

ymkwfw,fav/ tdrfrSm ymdk&Gm 'D&Gmajy;zdk hta&;udpöay:vm&if uGsefryJ a,musfm;av;wpfa,mufvdk jurf;jurf;


wrf;wrf; ajy;vTm;ae&wm Opöm/ 1mkef;juD;ausmif;a&T hvkyfief;rSmvJ tm;wufoa&mygcsifwmaygh/

uGsefrwdk h&Gmu aus;&GmawG pkxm;wJhtkyfpkxJu wpf&Gmav/ wpf&Gmwnf;rSm vlaetdrfajcenf;ayrJh


qufpyfaewJh&GmawG tm;vHk;aygif;vdkuf&if &GmtjuD;juD;aygh/
{&m0wDjrpfjuD;&J haomifxGef;aewJh eHk;wifajrekuGsef;ay:rSm wnfxm;wJh &GmawGqdkawmh urf;yg;jydKwJhtaetxm;
tvdkuf &Gmu ae&ma&T h&w,f/ ajymvdk hajymwm rymkwfyg1ml;/ jrpfajumif;u auG hauG hvmwJhtcg uGsefrwdk h&Gmudk
wdkufpm;ypfvdkufw,f/ jrpfa&juD;csdef urf;yg;awG jydKuswJhtcg urf;eJ heD;wJhtdrfawG taqmuftOD;awG tukefygoGm;
wwfw,f/ wpfcgwav &GmvHk;uGswf ajy;& a&T h&w,f/

1mkef;juD;ausmif;&J hopfvHk;wdkifawGu uGsef;opfawG/ uGsefrwpfzufpmavmuf tvHk;wkwfw,f/ trdk;awG tumawG


jzKwf acgifrdk;eJ hrsufeSmusufxkwfwef;awG zsufjyD;wJhtcg opfvHk;wdkifawGudk jrefjrefwl;/ uGsefrvdkyJ raewwfwJh
rdef;rol oHk;av;a,mufu a,musfm;awGudk 0dkif;uljuwmaygh/ xrDwdkwdk 0wfxJhjyD; avSum;udk ajy;wufvdkuf?
ajy;qif;vdkuf vkyfae&wm/ armawmharmw,f/

tJ'DtcsdefrSmaygh/ uGsefremrnf ac:oHjum;&wm/

]eSif;rSKef}
]eSif;rSKef} wJh/

at;ndKtoHrSef;awmhodyg&J h/ toHu 1m,fuvmrSef; rod/ ymdkymdk'D'Dvdkuf&Smwkef; olu xyfac:w,f/

]aymh eSif;rSKef igu tay:rSm}

acgifwdkif opfom; ,ufrwef;rSm tustexdkif? oHekwfaewJh at;ndKu tay:pD;uae rsufarSmifjukwfjunfhaewm


uGsefr rjrifcJh1ml;/ olu rsufarSmifjuD; jukwfvdk hygvm;/

]1mmwkef;}
]junfhvJvkyftHk; 1mkef;juD;awGu avSum;atmufu eifu tvTm;vTm;eJ htjrifrawmf1ml;/ tomat;at; xdkifaewm
rymkwf1ml;}
]tdk xdkifedkifyg1ml;/ olrsm;r udk,fvnf; rcsifwmaygh}

]r reJ h olrsm;rdef;uav;awG xrif;xkyfawG ay;zdk htdrfjyefcsufjyKwfaejuw,f/ eifa&m tdrfjyefrcsuf1ml;vm;}

atmf olajymrSyJ awG;rdw,f/ ymkwfw,f/ uGsefrwdk htdrfawGuaexrif;xkyfav;awGvmydk hju&rSm/ tJ owd&jyD/ 'Dae h

29
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

tdrfrSm ymif;aumif;r,fawmfh/ armifrac:yJ qDjyefeJ h ,ifa1mmifpm ig;csufaygh/ tJ tarawmif ymif;csufae


avmufjyD/ taru ig;ymif;csuf&if tdk;uyfrcsuf1ml;/ qDvnfa&vnf csufwm/ uGsefru rjudkuf/ tdk tdrfudk jrefjref
jyefajy;rSyJ/ tarhig;ymif;udk tdk;uyfjzpfatmif vkyfjyD; xrif;av; xkyf,lvmcJhr,f/ uGsefrwdk hxrif;xkyfudk
at;ndKpm;cGifhjuHk&if juHkrSmaygh/ uGsefrcsufrJh,ifa1mmifpm ig;tdk;uyfudk at;ndKpm;jzpfoGm;atmif 1m,fvdkvkyf&if
aumif;rvJ/

uGsefrtawG;eJ h tdrfudk wpfcgwnf; wef;jyefajy;rdw,f/


tdrfa&mufawmh xifwJhtwdkif;yJ/ taru ig;udk qDvnf a&vnf csufaejyD/

]tar tdk;uyfcsuf&atmifygawmhf}

]tdk;uyfcsuf&atmif nnf;qDu 1m,foluay;rSmwkef;}

]atmf taruvJ wpfcgwavav; qDjyefpm;&wm/ 1mkef;juD;ausmif;rSm vlawG 0dkif;pm;wJhtcg qDjyefav; auGs;&wm


aumif;wmaygh}

zefykvif;xJusefaewJh qDav;udk uGsefr ',ftdk;cif;xJ xnfhcsypfvdkufw,f/


taru trav;awmf qDawGukefygjyD eJ h atmfaeao;w,f/ uGsefr rjum;csifa,mif aqmifvdkufw,fav/ tarhqDudk
uGsefr jyef0,fay;yghr,fawmf vdk h pdwfxJuyJ eSpfodrfhvdkufw,f/
1mkef;juD;ausmif;udk uGsefr xrif;xkyfav;eJ h jyefa&mufoGm;awmh opfvHk;awG opfom;wef;awG eH&HtcsyfvdkufawG
jzpfukefjyD/

olwdk htm;vHk; xrif;pm;juawmhr,f/

pm;yGJcHk tjurf;xnfjuD; t&Snfvdkufay:rSm tifzufawG cscif;jyD; xrif;yGJjyifjuw,f/ ol h tdrfu xrif;xkyf


udk,fhtdrfu xrif;xkyf pm;yGJay:a&mufawmh a&maESmukefwmygyJ/
uGsefru xrif;xkyfeSpfxkyf o,fvmcJhwm/ uGsefrwpfxkyfpm;r,f/ at;ndKudk wpfxkyfauGs;r,faygh/ at;ndKtwGuf
xrif;xkyfu tifzufxkyfay:rSm csnfjurf;vufokyfy0gt0guGufeJ h xyfxkyfxm;wm/ aoaooyfoyfav;yg/

at;ndKu vli,fav;qdkawmh vljuD;awG0dkif;rSm rpm;1ml;/ cyfvSrf;vSrf;u uGyfyspfwpfckay:rSm oGm;xdkifw,f/ uGsefr


pdwfnpfoGm;w,f/ uGsefrxrif;xkyfu pm;yGJay:rSm/ at;ndKu ta0;rSm/ at;ndKvufxJa&mufaewJh xrif;xkyfu
tifzufay:uae owif;pmpuúLeJ hxyfywfxm;w,f/ tJ'g ol htar a'G;rSef&J hvuf&m rymkwf1ml;/ a'G;rSefu
tJ'Davmuf aoaooyfoyf rvkyfwwf1ml;/ 1m,folay;wJh xrif;xkyfygvdrfhaemf/

uGsefr at;ndKudk vSrf;junfhaewkef; uGsefrjunfhaewmudk odovdkyJ olacgif;armhjunfhw,f/

]eSif;rSKef rpm;1ml;vm;/ eifh xrif;xkyfaum} wJh/ ar;w,f/


uGsefr xrif;xkyfawGudk vSrf;junfhvdkufawmh axG;av;pdefarmifu wpfxkyf,ljyD; jznfawmif jznfaejyD/

]xrif;xkyfryg&if ighqDupm;av igrukefyg1ml; vm}

]tdk at;ndKuvJ pm;yGJay:rSm xrif;xkyfawG &Sdygao;w,f/ tJ'Dxrif;xkyfawmh eifyJ pm;yg}

rdef;roHwpfckudk jum;vdkuf&w,f/ ajom/ at;ndKpm;aewJh xrif;xkyfu rvSoef;&J h xrif;xkyfygvm;/ rvSoef;u

30
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

uGsefr tpfreJ h&G,fwl/ uGsefrpm;rSmudk pdk;&drfaewJhyHkpHeJ h ymef hwm;vdkufawmh uGsefrpdwfxJ csOfoGm;rdw,f/


uGsefr tjuH&oGm;w,f/
1mm&rvJ/ uGsefr pm;yGJqD tajy;oGm;jyD; uGsefr xrif;xkyfudk oGm;qGJ,lvdkufawmhwmaygh/ awmfao;w,f/
vufrwifav;yJ/ OD;jym;u vufvSrf;aejyD/

]1mjuD; uGsefr 'Dxrif;xkyf pm;vdkufr,faemf}

]at;at; pm;ygAsm/ pm;yg} wJh/

at;ndK&J huGyfyspfem;u opfjrpfqHkav;wpfckay:rSm uGsefr oGm;xdkifvdkufw,f/ 1m,faervJ/ at;ndKu uGsefrtem;udk


a&mufvmwmaygh/

]wpfa,mufwnf; rpm;eJ hymm/ 1mmymif;awGwkef;}


rvSoef;awmh 1m,fvdkaervJ rod1ml;/ uGsefrwdk hawmh ymif;csif;qHkjyD; twlwlpm;vdkufjuw,f/
rvSoef;&J hxrif;u uGsefrwdk hxuf qefaumif;w,f/ {nfhrxqef/ uGsefrwdk hqefu ipdefqef/ ol hymif;uvJ
zG,fzG,f&m&myJ/ 1mJOeJ hqlykyf&Gufajumfxm;wm&,f/ ig;z,fatmif; ig;ydaumif rD;uif&,f/ i&kwfoD;rD;uifaxmif;
&,f/ tdk ol hymif;eJ h udk,fhymif;eJ hrSsa0jyD; pm;vdkufwm/ xrif;xkyfeSpfckvHk; tukefukefyga&mvm;/

uGsefr tdrfjyefjyD; ig;tdk;uyfqDjyefcsuf&usdK;eyfoGm;w,f/ rvSoef;uawmh tysdKjuD; tdajE´eJ htwlvmrpm;&Jawmh


rsufapmif; wcJcJaygh/

naea&mufawmh pmoifausmif;a1m;u uGufvyfae&mrSm wdkifawGpdkufjyD;jyD/ na&mufawmh trdk;tumawG


tm;vHk;jyD;oGm;jyD/ jurf;cif;awG jyefr&dkuf&ao;awmh 1mkef;juD;oHk;yg;udsef;zdk huGyfyspfav;awG csay;xm;&w,f/
aemufwpfae hreufusrS rlvausmif; yHkpHtwdkif; jyefjzpfoGm;w,f/

vltiftm;rsm;rsm;eJ hausmif;udk a&T hay;vdkufrdayvdk haygh/ urf;yg;jydKwJhtcsdefu tJ'Dae n


h oef;acgifumvjuD;/
a&oHawG wa0ga0g qlnHvdk h ajrjydKoHawGudk &Gmv,fuawmif jum;&w,f/ tajy;tvTm;vmjunfhjuawmh
1mkef;juD;ausmif;&SdcJh&m ajrjyifu yJhusaysmufuG,foGm;jyD/

uGsefrwdk hom wpf&ufaemufuscJh&if 1mkef;juD;ausmif;udk ypfvkduf&jyDaygh/ tJ'gudk jyefawG;&wm junfEl;p&m


aumif;ygw,f/
'geJ huGsefr tckxd rsufpdxJrSmjrifaerdwmu uGsefreSKwfcrf;a'gifhpGef;av;udk vufokyfy0geJ hokyfay;vdkufwJh at;ndK&J h
rsufeSm/

]eSif;rSKef cPav; xrif;aphav;ayaew,f} wJh/

tdk; uGsefr &ifxJrSm ckefoGm;vdkufwm/ a1m;em;rSm vlawGwpfa,mufrS r&Sdawmhovdk toHawG tukefwdwfqdwf/


uGsefr jum;&wm toHwpfckwnf;/ tJ'gu ESvHk;ckefoH/ at;ndK&J heSvHk;ckefoHvm; uGsefr&J hESvHk;ckefoHvm;/ uGsefr
rodyg1ml;/ uGsefr rsufeSmwpfckvHk; aEG;aewmyJ/

***

rSefwHcg;wpfcsyf 'kef;ceJ toHjrnfum ydwfoGm;oH/


ol pm&Gufudk cPcsvdkufonf/ tjyifrSm avawG w&jurf;wdkufaeonf/
ararrsm; vef hoGm;rvm;/

31
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

ararh tcef;xJodk hol0ifoGm;vdkufonf/ ararckwifacgif;&if;rSm acgif;tHk;udk ausmrSDvsuf xdkifae\/ cyfrSdefrSdef


vSsyfppfrD;a&mifatmufwGif ararhrsufvHk;awG rsuf&nfpdkpGwfaevm; olrodedkif/ rsufeSmusufzefacsmif;udk ol
cvkyfzGifhvdkufonf/ wpfcef;vHk; vif;xdefoGm;onf/
]ymJh}
ararvef hzswfoGm;onf xif\/
]tJ arar 'Dtcsdefxd raeeJ hav/ tdyfrSaygh}
]tdyfvdk hrS raysmf1mJ om;&J htdyfraysmfvdk hymdkawG;'DawG; awG;aewm/ 1mk&m;cef;xJrSm jum&ifvJ rif;u pdwfylOD;r,f}
ararh pum;oHawGu yHkrSefyJymk olxifonf/
]tdkau rtdyfcsif1ml; qdk&if uGsefawmfeJ hpum;ajymjur,fav}
rdcifu r,Hkovdk junfhonf/
]rif; tm;vdk hvm;}
]atmf araruvJ tm;ygw,f]
wu,fawmh ararhpum;awGudk zwfjyD;vSsif reufjzefajymqdk&Sif;jy&rnfh aqG;aEG;yGJtwGuf pDumpOfum jzpfzdk h
yg0gyGdKifhqvdkuftcsyfawG vdkwdk;ydkavSsmh jyifqif&OD;rnf/ tJ'gu arar eSpfeSpfjcdKufjcdKuf tdyfaysmfrS vkyfvdk h&ygonf/
rdcif rsufeSm junfvifoGm;\/
]uJajym 1mmtajumif;awG ajymjurvJ}
]arar uGsefawmf toufi,fi,fwkef;u 1m,frS roGm;cJh&wm tck c&D;awG1mmawG rxGufcsif1ml;vm;/ uGsefawmfwdk h
om;trd c&D;xGuf&if aumif;rvm;vdk h}
]1m,fudkwkef;}
]1m,fyJ jzpfjzpfaygh arar&/ yk*Hudk jzpfjzpf &Srf;jynfe,fudk jzpfjzpf/ arar pdwful;wnhf&maygh}
tarudk tomtuJcwfjyD; cyfqq ajymonf/
]ightaraovm;&Sifvm; rod&wJh pdwfaomujuD;u awmfawmf qkd;vSw,fym,f/ c&D;xGufvJ aysmfedkifr,f rxifyg1ml;}
]ararh&GmeJ hteD;qHk;jrdK hudk odjyDqdk&if tJ'D&Gmudk c&D;xGufrvm;}
ol pum;vHk;udk a&G;jyD; ar;vdkuf\/ arar rsufarSmifjukwfonf/
]odrSmvm;}
]odrSmaygh arar/ arar q&mjuD;eJ hoGm;pum;ajymw,f rymkwfvm;/ q&mjuD;u ararhpum;awGxJuae
ajc&mcHaumufay;rSmaygh}
]ightar aooGm;jyD;&ifawmh oGm;vJ 1mmvkyfrSmvJ}
]atmf araruvJrawmfwqaooGm;cJhjyD;jyDqdk&ifvJ tJ'DrSm1mkef;juD;qGrf;uyfwmwdk houFef;vSLwmwdk husmif;aqmufwm
wdk hvkyfay;edkifwmyJ}

32
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

arar1mmrS rajym1mJ awGaeonf/ ararhpm;yGJay:rSm eH homjzLpdwfykwD;eSifh y&dwfjuD;q,fhwpfokwf toHxGuf


&Gwfzwfenf; pmtkyfao;ao;av;udk jrif&onf/
pm;yGJay:u rsufrSefudk olaumuf,ljunfhonf/ vGefcJhonfh ajcmufvcef hu vkyfay;cJhaom ararhyxrqHk;
pmjunfhrsufrSef/ aps;juD;vGef;vdk htJ'DrsufrSefprf;oyfcef;udk aemufwpfcg roGm;1ml; ymk jiif;qefcJhonf/
]ararhrsufrSef junfhvdk htqifajywkef;yJvm;/ ajcmufvavmufjumoGm;jyDqdkawmh 'D*&DawG ajymif;aea&maygh/
wpfcgavmuf xyfoGm;&atmif}
]roGm;1ml;/ tJ'Dqdkifudk roGm;1ml;/ eif;uef ydkufqHawG ,laewJh qdkif}
ol &,frdonf/ araryHkrSefawmh jyefjzpfaeygjyD ymk rdcifudk ai;&if; yifhoufcsrdonf/
]at;av tJ'DqdkifrymkwfvJ aemufwpfqdkifaygh arar}
]armifrif;OmPf om; rdef;r,lawmhrvkd hvm;}
&kwfw&ufjuD;aumufar;vdkufaom ararhar;cGef;ajumifh olajumiftoGm;onf/
ararol hudk junfhaeonf/ cyfwnfwnf vkyfxm;ayrJh pdk;&drfylyefrSKudk oltuJcwfrdaeavonf/ i,fi,fu ol
a1mmvHk;uefjyD; jyefvmonfhtcg 'Pf&mawG 1mmawG&cJhvm;ymk pdk;&drfwjuD; wpfudk,fvHk; &SmazGjunfhaecJhonfh
rsufvHk;rsdK;jzpfonf/

]arar r,lapcsif&if r,lyg1ml; arar/ uGsefawmfu ararwm;wJh udpöawGudk 1m,feScgrsm; vkyfcJhzl;vdk hvJ}
ararhrsufeSm jyHK;vmonf/ awmolyDyD arar vHk;0 ymefaqmifraumif;ay/
]eSpfcg]
]ymif eSpfcg 1mmawGvJ}
]tdrfuae xGufoGm;wkef;u wpfcg/ tukodkvf tvkyfawG rvkyfygeJ h wm;xm;wJhjum;u ig;uef vkyfwkef;u wpfcg}
ol ymufymufyufyuf &,frdjyD; rdcif ycHk;udk ol hezl;eSifh tomxdwdkufvdkufonf/
]araruvJ tckxd rarhedkifao;1ml;udk;}
]1m,fvdk vkyf arhrvJ/ wpftdrfvHk; qlnHaeatmif uufqufjuD; zGifhjyD; atmfaewm}
ausmfymdef;\oDcsif;udk ararjum;atmif ae ha&m nyg zGifhjyjyD; tcGifhta&; awmif;cJhjcif;udk arartckxd
rSwfrdaeqJygvm;/ ol &,frdjyefonf/
]wHcg;awG ydwfrxm;ygeJ h ydwfrxm;ygeJ h} wJh/
olararh ycHk;udk ayG hzufvdkufonf/

]aemuf rvkyfawmh1ml;av/ tJ'Dwkef;uvJ araraiG&Sm&wm yifyef;vGef;vdk hausmif;p&dwfudk udk,fwdkif &Smcsifwmyg}


ararhycHk;udk ausmfí pm;yGJay:u pma&;puúLuwfwGif q&mhvufa&;jzifh csa&;xm;aom acgif;pOfudk ol
zwfvdkufonf/

]&GmrSm ae hpOf vSKyf&Sm;&wJh wpfae hwm tajumif;rsm;}

***

33
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(9)

&Gmemrnfudk rrSwfrdayrJh &GmwnfwJhae&m taetxm;awmh uGsefr rSwfrdygw,f/ uGsefrwdk h&Gmu {&m0wDjrpf


oJaomifcHkjuD;ay:u ajrekuGsef;juD;ay: wnfxm;wm/ 'gajumifh oHk;av;eSpfwpfcg a&wdkufpm;jyD; urf;yg;jydKvdk h
ae&ma&T h&ygw,f/
1m,fvdkyJ ae&mawG a&T hajymif;jyD; &Gmwnf&ygap/ uGsefrwdk hnnf;nLpdwfysuf raeedkif1ml;/ 'D{&m0wDajrekuGsef;
aomifcHkudk rSDcdkjyD; udkif;av;,mav; xGef,ufpdkufysdK; pm;aomufaecJh&wmrdk h'Dae&mav;udkyJ cifwG,faejuwm/
'Dajru aus;Zl;&Sif ajryg/ 'Dae&muae cGmxGufjyD; wpfae&m&m ajymif;a&T haexdkifzdk h1m,folrS pdwfrul;cJh1ml;/

uGsefrwdk hu om;trd oHk;a,mufwnf;/ udkif;ajr uGufrSm Al;oD;? c&rf;oD;? ocGm;oD;pdkufw,f/ tdrfaemufaz;


ajruGufvyfrSm arjrdK hyef;wdk h*E¨rmyef;wdk h pdkufw,f/ rdef;rom;oHk;a,mufwnf;vkyfwJh udkif;vkyfief;jzpfayrJh
pm;avmufygw,f/ udkif;u xGuforSs ymif;oD;ymif;&Gufudk reufwdkif; uGsefru awmif;eJ h&GufjyD; jrdK hudk
oGm;a&mif;w,f/ tpfru tysdKjuD;jzpfaejyDudk;/ uGsefruawmh ymkdra&muf 'Dra&muft&G,frdk h a,musfm;av;vdkyJ
aps;a&mif;vnf;yg udkif;vkyfvnf;yg aygif;ekwfawmhvnf; ygaygh/ aps;a&mif;&wmu tdrfrSmaejyD; xrif;ymif;
csuf&wmxuf ydkyifyef;ygw,f/

oJeJ hEHk;a&maewJh aomifcHkudk ajcvsifjzwfausmfjyD;jrpfudkul;r,fh ul;wdk havSqdyfudk qif;&w,f/ ul;wdk havSqdyfu ae h


wdkif; ae&ma&T haew,f/ jrpfa&ajumif;ay:rSm wnfwmudk;/ avScuawmh wpfusyfig;rwfygyJ/ vufeJ havSmfwJh
avSawGaygh/ rdk;wGif;qdk&if avSu jrpfjyifus,fjuD;udk tjumjuD; jzwf&wm/ jrpfwpf1mufurf; avSqdkufwJhtcg
aomifcHkul;p&mrvdk1mJ jrdK hudk wef;a&mufw,f/

udk,fhcHawmif;av;udk udk,f&GufjyD; jrdK huaps;udk tajy;avSsmufwJhtcsdefu reuf a0vDa0vif;yJ &Sdao;w,f/


aps;juD;tjyifu &wemjrOÆL1mk&m;vrf;ymm uGsefrwdk hvdk tm*EÅKymif;&GufonfawG aps;a&mif;&m aps;wef;juD;aygh/
pnfum;vdkufwm/ rSspfwdk h i&kwfoD;pdrf;wdk htmvl;wdk ha&mif;wJhaps;onfawGvnf; &Sdw,f/ uGsefrwdk hvdk
uGsef;xJudkif;xJ aps;onfawGuawmh csOfaygif&Guf? c&rf;oD;? c&rf;csOfoD;? yef;awGaygh/ yef;u trsdK;rsdK;/ eSif;qD?
arjrdK h? a'ge? *E¨rm/ aqmif;wGif;qdk jrwfav;yef;uHk;awG/ rdk;wGif;qdk ZGefyef;uHk;? py,fyef;uHk;awG/

cHawmif;av;xJrSmygorSs ukefatmifa&mif;&if; rdk;vif;&muae aejrifhoGm;wwfonfh tcgawGvnf; &SdwmyJ/


uHaumif;wJh&ufawGrSmawmh azmufonf,lr,fh jrdK hcHaps;onfawGu aps;odyfreSdrf1mJ vufvTJ0,fvdkufvdk hrdk;vif;vif;
csif; tdrfjyef&wwfw,f/

a&mif;vdk h&orSsxJu rkef hymif;cg;okyfuav;wpfyGJawmif rpm;&uf1mJ aiGav;awGudk uspfuspfygatmifpkqkyf


xkyfodrf;jyD; &Gmjyefwmu rsm;ygw,f/ wpfcgwpfcg a&mif;vdk hu rukefedkif? Adkufuqm/ &xm;wJh aiGxJuae
oa&pmrkef hav; eJeJpm;rdoGm;&if udk,fhudk,fudk a'goxGuf aemifw&aejyefa&m/ aymmhaymmh&rf;&rf; roHk;zdk htaru
tjrJ qHk;rwm/ tdrfu aysmfp&mav;yg/

wpfckyJ&Sdw,f/ tpfr rrdk;apGu tarudk ul&wmrdk hausmif;raeedkifawmh1ml;/ uGsefruvJ aps;a&mif;aps;0,fyJ


0goemygvdk hav;wef;vnf;atmifjyD;a&mjrpful;acsmif;jcm;jrdK h ausmif;rSmtv,fwef;oGm;rwufawmh1mJ ausmif;xGuf

34
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

vdkufwmeJ h uGsefrwdk h eSpfa,mufvHk; twef;ynm rwwfju1ml;/ olrsm; om;orD;awG &Spfwef;awG atmifju


q,fwef;awG a&mufjueJ htaru tm;usowJh/

uGsefruawmh vufeSpf1muf&Sd&if xrif;riwfyg1ml; vdk htarhudk ajymrdw,f/ taru tJ'grsdK;ajym&if t&rf;pdwfqdk;


wm/ ynmawmh wwfatmif oifr,frjuH1ml; w,fawmfwJhymmr vdk htaru aighwwfw,f/

]1mmvJ eifu zdeyfckwfpm;r,fvdk hqdkcsifwmvm;}

rrdk;apGu ymdk1muftdrfudk apmifhjunfhjyD; uGsefrudk &SKwfcsw,f/ tarjum;oGm;&if uGsefrudk aygifwGif;ajum qGJvdrf


awmhwm/

]ymif tar uGsefr 1mmvkyfvdk hvJ ajymwmu ol tpfr rdk;}

]at; nnf;u olrsm; ajymcH&atmif aewmudk; ath/ tajymrcH&csif tajymrcH&atmif aeaygh}

taru ajymjyD;awmh rvS&Sif oeyfzwfaq;vdyfjuD;udkyJ oJjuD;rJjuD; zGm&SdKufaeawmhw,f/


taru aq;vdyfodyfaomufw,f/ tarhtwGuf ajymif;zl;zufaq;vdyfawG uGsefrwdk h vdyfvdyfay;yg&J h/ 'gayrJh
taru oeyfzufaq;vdyfrS judkufwm/ tartjudkufqHk;u rvS&Sif aq;vdyfaygh/ uGsefrpdwfylw,f/ tar
aq;vdyfawG aomufaewkef;yJvm;/

***

35
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(10)

jrpfwpf1mufurf;jrdK h/
jrpfa&juD;csdef urf;yg;jydKonfh&Gm/
&wem rOÆL1mk&m;vrf;? oJaomifcHkuGsef;?
,ifa1mmifpmig;?
at;ndK? rvSoef;?
oa1mFmrefusnf;yif teSpfom;zdeyf?
rvS&Sif oeyfzufaq;ayghvdyf/

&Hk;rSwfwrf;pm&GufawG zdkifwGJawG tyHkvdkufjum;xJrS vufa&;jzifh csa&;xm;aom cyfaomhaomh pmajumif;rsm;


jzpfonf/ tifwmeufxJ0ifjyD; Google earth tpDtpOfjzifh ajryHk&Smjunfh&ef qdkvSsif tenf;qHk; jrdK hemrnfudkawmh
od&ayvdrfhrnf/ ol huGefysLwm rsufeSmjyifwGif *l;*Jvf urÇmh ajryHkudk ac:xm;jyD; q,frdepfq,fhig;rdepf tcsdeftm;
vSsif jrefrmedkifiH\ymdkjrdK honfjrdK hawG &SmazGjunfhaecJhonf/
w,fvDzkef;jrnfoH/
]ymJvdk}
ol h&Hk;u ol htxuft&m&Sd *D,krf; jzpfonf/ jynfy tpnf;ta0;wpfckodk hol hudk,fpm; oGm;ay;ekdifrvm;ymk vSrf;ar;
jcif; jzpfonf/ ol hudk,fpm; ymlonfhpum;u tvGef pdwf0ifpm;zdk haumif;ygonf/ rdrdudk ,Hkjunfpdwfcsonf qdkaom
t"dyÜg,frymkwfvm;/
odk haomf
]uGsefawmfh tar odyfaeraumif;ao;1ml;} ymk cyfqq ajzvdkufrdonf/
]jyKpkapmifha&Smufay;r,fh wpfa,mufa,muf &Smvdk h&edkifrvm;}
*D,kef;rfuar;awmh oltjiif;&cufoGm;onf/ trSefawmh jiif;y,fcGifh ol hrSm r&Sdyg/
a0vGifawmh &Sdyg&J h/ a0vGifrsm; pDpOfay;vdkufrvm;/
]ymkwfuJh judk;pm;junfhygr,f cifAsm}

36
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]ae hvnfpm aqG;aEG;yGJrSma&m igr&Sd&if jzpfovm;}


]ymkwfuJh jzpfygw,f/ uGsefawmf tJ'Dae&mudk wpfem&D ta&mufoGm;rSmyg}
]aus;Zl;wifygw,f rif;} ymk wpf1mufu jyefajym\/
]udpör&Sdyg1ml; cifAsm}
ae hvnfpmpm;&if; aqG;aEG;pum;ajymrnfh udpörSm *D,kef;rfu OD;aqmifrnfymk rlvu pDpOfxm;cJhonf/ tck
ol1mmjzpfvdk hpdwfajymif;oGm;ygvdrfh/ olwpfckck acgif;a&Smifcsifwm jzpfrSmaygh/ ol htxuft&m&Sdu cPcP
pdwfajymif;wwf\/ 1mmudpörqdk ol tqifoifh jzpfaeatmif jyifqifxm;rS vSsyfwpfjyuf tpm;0ifvdk h&rSmaygh/
xdkjzpfpOfrsm; cPcP juHk&ojzifh ol htwGuf rxl;qef;awmhyg/ wu,fawmh olu xdkpdefac:rSKrsm;udk oa1mmusyg
onf/ jrefrmedkifiH\rsdK;qufyGm;usef;rma&;eSifh tdyfcsftdkifAGD tdwf'fpf jyóemrsm;udk 1m,ftcsdef 1m,f&SKa'gifhuyJ
aqG;aEG;onfjzpfap? ol rpdk;&drfyg/ pdk;&drfwmu wpfckwnf;/ onfuae h ae hvnfpm &Hk;em;csdef &orSs wpfem&DcGJ
tcsdefav;udk a0vGifu ol hudkay;zdk hwpfywfjudkwif rSmxm;jyD;om;/ wdkufwdkufqdkifqdkif 'Dae hrS tvkyfudpöeSifh
a&mxm;onfh ae hv,fpmwpfckudk &kwfw&ufjuD; pDpOfvdkuf&onf/
a0vGif pdwfraumif;jzpfawmhrSm aocsmonf/
]uGsefawmf rvdkufvdk h &rvm;} ymk ar;zdk htm;,lqJrSm ol ha1mmhpfu ol rvdkufawmh1ml; wJh/ aumif;a&mAsm;/
ol awG h&rnfh vlpm&if;eSifh olwkd h\&mxl;tqifhrsm;udk cPjyefzwfjunfhvdkuf\/ qGpfpf vlrsdK;eSpfa,mufeSifh
'wffcsfvlrsdK;wpfa,muf jzpfonf/ olwdk htzGJ h\wdkuf&dkuftvSL&SifawG rymkwfaomfvnf; tvSL&SifawGESifh
qufoG,faygif;pyfaeolawG jzpfonf/
*D,kef;rfyg yg0ifedkifvSsifaumif;wmaygh ymk olawG;onf/ atmf ol hrSm 'Dae hvnfpmxuf ta&;juD;wJhudpö
&kwfw&ufay:vmvdk hjzpfrSmayghav/ rwwfedkifyg1ml;/
w,fvDzkef; jrnfvmjyefonf/
a0vGifrsm;vm;/ 'Duae h ae hvnfpmvmrpm;edkifawmhonfhtajumif;a0vGifhtdrfodk h olapmapmuwnf;uzkef;quf
xm;cJhygonf/ uHaumif;axmufrpGm a0vGifr&Sd/ a0vGifhtareSifhyJ ajym&onf/
]rif;eS,fuG,f twefwef ajymxm;&ufeJ hrsm;} wJh/
tefwDrdk;u odyfrjunfvif/
]ymJvdk}
]a'gufwmrif;OmPfeJ hajymyg&ap}
]arar}
&Hk;odk htckvdk zkef;rqufpzl; ararvSrf;qufvdkufaomtcg ol'def;ceJ pdwfyloGm;onf/
]arar aeaumif;&J hvm; 1mmjzpfvdk hvJ}
]aeaumif;ygw,f/ rif; tarhqDudk vlwpfa,muf vTwfvdkufwmvm;}
]cifAsm}
]rif;u awmif;cdkif;vdk hqdkjyD; ydkufqHwpfaomif; awmif;oGm;wJhvlav}

37
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]Aka'¨g}

ol hacgif;u qHyifawG axmifxoGm;onfymk xifrd\/


]1m,fwkef;uvJ arar}
]apmapmav;uyJ}
ol 1m,fol hudkrS tdrfodk hrvTwfcJh/
]1m,folwJhvJ}
]ol hemrnfawmh ajymw,f/ eSpfvHk;yJ pdk;ygw,f}
aumif;a&m/

]uGsefawmf rvTwfyg1ml;/ ol tdrfxJ0ifvmwmvm;/ araru ol hudk wHcg;zGifhay;vdkufovm;/ araruawmh vkyfjyD/


1m,fol hukdrS wHcg;zGifhray;zkd hrSmxm;&uf eJ hAsm/ ararhudk tEÅ&m,fjyKoGm;&if rcuf1ml;vm;}
]igwHcg; zGifhray;yg1ml;/ oHyef;wHcg;tjyifrSm1mJ apmifhcdkif;wm/ rnGef hvJ &Sdygw,f/
]wHcg;zGifhray;vdk hawmfawmhw,f/ ydkufqHawmh ygoGm;w,faygh}
]at;av rif;rSm rygvdk hawmif;cdkif;w,fqdkwmudk;}

]uGsefawmfhemrnfudk olajymovm;}

]ajymyghawmf taotcsmyg a'gufwmrif;OmPfwJh}

]wpfaomif; ymkwfvm;]

]at; wpfaomif;}

awmfygao;&J h/ ararhjunfh&wm tckwavm ymdkarh'DarheSifh wpfodef;awmif;vSsif wpfodef;rsm; ay;rvm; rod/


]ararhudk uGsefawmf ajymxm;om;yJ/ ta&;juD;&if ararhqD uGsefawmfzkef;qufajymrSmaygh/ uGsefawmfhvufa&;eJ h
pmjzpfjzpf w,fvDzkef;eJ hrSmwm jzpfjzpf rymkwf1mJeJ h1mmudkrS r,HkygeJ h vdk h twefwefajym&ufeJ h/ ararhudk wpfckck
vkyfoGm;rSm uGsefawmf pdk;&drfw,f/ arar aemufwpfcg uGsefawmfhpmryg&if wHcg;vJ zGifhray;eJ h1mmrSvJ ray;eJ haemf}
]at;yg at;yg}

ol oufjyif;&Snf&Snf qGJcsvdkufrdonf/ arareJ hawmh 'ku©ygyJ/


arar &efukefodk ha&mufwm q,feSpfyif ruawmhyg1ml;/ 1mmjzpfvdk htckxd awmoljzpfaeao;wmvJ ymk rausreyf
jzpfrdonf/ acgif;wpfckvHk; ylxlvsuf tckcsufcsif;yif tdrfodk hjyefajy;vdkufcsifonf/

]arar tck wHcg; ydwfxm;aemf}

]at;yg at;yg}

ararymm ymdkwkef;uwnf;u &dk;tcJhwm/ tckxdvJ &dk;taewkef;ygyJvm;/ ararhudk vHkjcHKpdwfcs&atmif ol1m,fvdkrsm;

38
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

pDpOfaqmif&Guf&ygrvJ/ awG;junfhrdaomtcg &ifxJrSm ylavmifarmyef;wmom usefcJhjyD; tajzu r&/pdwfwxifhxifh


eSifh ae hvnfpm aqG;aEG;yGJcsdefa&mufoGm;onf/

aus;vuf jynfol husef;rma&; qdkif&mrsm;udk axmufyHhrnfhtvSLaiGudpö jzpfonf/


olwdk hawGu axmufyHhay;urf;&rSm wGef hqkwfaeonf/

]1mmrS vkyfr&1ml; qdkwmudk uGsefawmf r,Hkjunfyg1ml;/ vkyfvdk h&oavmuf uGsefawmfwdk h vkyfjunfhjuwmyJ/


vkyfjunfhawmhvnf; &ekdkifwJhenf;vrf;awG awG hvmwmyJ}

vlrSKaA' Sociology wGif ta&;juD;qHk;tajccH jzpfaom Structure vlrSKzGJ hpnf;yHkeSifh Agency at*sifpDwdk h\
oa1mmjzifhyif ol &Sif;jyvdkufonf/

]vlrSKzGJ hpnf;yHkrSm uef howfxm;wmwJh a1mmifawG pnf;urf;awG &Sdaeayr,fh at*sifpDqdkwJh wpfoD;yk*¾vvlom;&J h


a&G;cs,fvkyfaqmifedkifrSKawGvJ &SdaewmyJ/
tzGJ htpnf;u joZmtmPmjuD;rm;jyD; oufa&mufvTrf;rdk;edkifayr,fh tJ'DzGJ hpnf;yHkxJu wpfOD;csif;pD&J h a&G;cs,f
vkyfaqmifedkifpGrf;udkvnf; z,fxm;vdk hrjzpf1ml;/
uGsefawmfwdk htm&Hkpdkuf&rSmu tJ'D human agency awGudkyJ/}

StructureeSifh Agencywdk heSpfrsdK;\ tpGrf;owådeSifhtusdK;aus;Zl;udk eSpfaygif;rsm;pGmol h1mufudk,fh 1muf jiif;cHkaeju


ayr,fh oluawmh at*sifpDwdk h\ pGrf;aqmif&nfudk ,Hkjunfygonf/

tdrftwGuf ararhtwGuf pdwfwxifhxifheSifhyif aqG;aEG;yGJjyD;qHk;oGm;onf/


a0vGif pdwfaumufaewm aocsmonf/ wpfae hvHk; ol hxH zkef;quf &efawG hjcif; rjyKcJhay/
nae &Hk;qif;awmh tdrfudk t&ifajy;&rvm;/ a0vGifhqDt&if ajy;acsmh&rvm; ymk awGaeao;\/ naeajcmufem&D
qdkawmh a0vGifhqDoGm;zdk htcsdef&ao;\/ a0vGifeSifh wpfem&Davmuf pum;ajym/

aeOD; a0vGif tdrfrSm r&Sdawmh1mJ um;wpfpD;eSifh xGufoGm;jyDqdkvSsifaum/ zkef;qufjyD;vmrnfh tajumif;ajymxm;


vdkuf&vSSsif aumif;rvm;/ pOf;pm;wkef;vufu zkef;eHygwfawG edSyfrdjyD;aejyD/
]a0vGif}
]oGm; rac:eJ h}
]a0vGif wdk htvkyfudpöawG odyf&SKyfaevdk hyg/ tckjyD;jyD/ tckvmcJhr,faemf/ acgufqGJusefao;vm;}
]acG;auGs;ypfvdkufjyD}
cyfaqmifhaqmifh ajympum;udk olremedkif/

]'gqdkvJ a&awmhwdkufr,f rymkwfvm; vmcJhr,faemf}

]rvmeJ hwdk htck tjyifudk xGufawmhrSm}

ol pdwf&Snf&Snf jyHK;rdonf/

]'Dvdkvm; xGufav a0vGif wkd h a0vGifharareJ hpum;xkdifajym&if; apmifhygr,f/ oGm;p&m&SdwmoGm; aemf}

xkd haemuf zkef;csvdkufonf/


a0vGif pdwfaumufjyD; oGm;csifvnf; oGm;ygap/
ola&mufoGm;awmh a0vGif wu,f tdrfrSm r&Sday/

39
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]ae hvnfu rif;rsm;aygufcsvmrvm;vdk h eSpfem&DoHk;em&Dtxd arSsmfaejuwmuGJ h}


a0vGifhtaru ol hudk tjypfwifcsifonfh avoHrsdK;jzifh eSKwfcGef;qufonf/
tJ'g ol htjypfjzpfygonf/ vHk;0rvmedkifawmhyg ymk ,wdjywfrajymvdkuf/ ae hvnfpmudk tvkyfudpöaqG;aEG;&if;
pm;&rnfrdk hrvmedkif/ odk haomf tcsdef&vSsif &csif; vmzdk h judk;pm;ygrnfymk olajymcJhrdonf/
a0vGifwdk htdrfu tqifhjrifh uGef'dkrDeD,rfwdkufcef;jzpfonf/ "gwfavSum;yg0ifonf/ um;&yfp&mae&mawG oD;oef h
xm;ay;onf/ tdyfcef;oHk;cef;yg0ifonf/ a0vGifhrd1mawGu wpfcef; a0vGifu wpfcef;? a0vGifhtpfru wpfcef;
jzpfonf/
ol ha&S hodk hacgufqGJajumfeSifh jumZHajumfrsm; vmcsolu a0vGifhtpfr/

]tdk ukefjyDqdkvm;vkd h}
]a0vGifu tJvdkyJ ajymvm;}
]ymkwfuJh}
]pdwfqdk;vdk hjzpfrSmaygh/ ravmufri 1m,fvkyfvdrfhrvJuG,f? pm;/ aumufnSif;xkyfu juuf}
ol tvGefjudkufaom juufom;aumufnSif;xkyfudk jznfpm;vdkufonf/

]armifrif;OmPf um;r0,fao;1ml;vm;}

]cifAsm]
pm;vufp aumufnSif;vkyf vnfyif;wGif eifoGm;\/

]oGm;&vm&wmvJ tqifajy? tdajE´av;vJ&atmif um;av;wpfpD;0,fygvm; tarhvJ 1mk&m;ydk hausmif;ydk hykd h&wmaygh}


]uGsefawmf um;r0,fedkifao;yg1ml; cifAsm}
a0vGifhtar vnfyif;wGif qGJxm;aom pdefpDqGJjudk;udk olrsufeSm vTJvdkuf&onf/

]tck vkyfwJh tvkyfu vcaumif;w,fqdk a0vGifu ajymw,f}

]ymkwfuJh odyfrqdk;yg1ml; cifAsm}

]a':vm 1m,favmuf&vJ}

cufawmhwmygyJ/ a,mu©rjzpfrnfhol qdkawmhvnf; ol rvdrfnmcsif/ txifvnf; rao;apcsif/

]axmifheSpf&myJ &ygw,f cifAsm}

tefwDrdk; wdwfqdwfoGm;onf/ wpfvaxmifheSpf&meSifh ol horD;udk vlwef;aphxm;edkifyghrvm;ymk awG;ylaervm; rod/


]arar orD;vnf; xyfpm;r,f}

awmfygao;&J ha0vGif a&mufvmayvdk h/ a0vGifhudk jrifawmh u,fwif&Sifwpfa,mufvdkyif tm;udk;wjuD; pdwfayghyg;


vGwfvyfoGm;onf/

]1mmawGvJ orD;}
]opfoD;tpHk azsmf&nf z&k(wf) aumhaw;vfav}

40
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

ygq,f1ml;av;oHk;av;ckudk pm;yGJay:wifvsuf ol hxdkifcHka1m;rSm uyfxkdifvdkufaom a0vGifudk oltuJcwfjunfhonf/


pdwfaumufaewkef;yJvm;/ rsufeSmuawmh cyfwnfwnf/

]arar zefcGufawG oGm;,lvdkufOD;r,f}


a0vGifhtar xGufoGm;awmh ol a0vGifhvufav;udk tomqkyfudkif awmif;yefvdkufonf/

]a0vGif ae hvnfu 1m,fvdkrS tcsdefcdk;r&vdk haemf]

a0vGifu plwlwljzifh rsufapmif;xdk;onf/ 1mmrSawmh rajym/

]pdwfraumufeJ haemf a0vGif}

a0vGifu ol hvufuav;udk r&kef;csif &kef;csif &kef;,lvdkuf\/

]pdwfaumufvm; raumufvm; cGJrod1ml;vm;/ pdwfaumuf&if 'Dz&k(wf) aumhaw;vfawG 0,fvmyghrvm;vdk h}

atmf ymkwfyg&J h/ olwdk heSpfa,muf tat;qkdifodk hoGm;wdkif; opfoD;pHk;twHk;av;awG a&mpyfay;aom


z&k(wf)aumhaw;vfudkyJ aomufavh&Sdonfh rif;OmPftjudkufudk a0vGif owdw&&Sdaeonf/

]vdr®mvdkufwJh uav;r}

ol eSpfESpfumum jyKH;vdkufrdonf/

]reufjzef reuf udkOmPftm;vm;ymif 1mk&m;oGm;&atmifav wdk hjyefa&mufuwnf;u a&Twd*Hkudk ra&muf&ao;1ml;}

tJ'grS 'ku©/ reufjzef eHeuf q&mhqD ararhudk vdkufydk hay;&rnf/ 1m,fvdkvkyf&yghrvJ/ q&mhqD ckepfem&Dta&muf
oGm;&rSmrdk hq&mqDu tjyefusrS a0vGifhudk vdkufydk hay;&rvm;/ odk hrymkwf

]udkOmPf we*FaEGaemf tvkyfudk tajumif;rjyeJ h}

]tif; ararhudk aq;cef;ydk hjyD; tjyefrSm a0vGifhudk 1mk&m;vdkufydk hay;ygr,f/ ymkwfyvm;}

]ymif aq;cef;jyvdk hrjyD;ao;1ml;}

]at;uG,f/ reufjzefvJ arar q&mhudk pum;awGoGm;ajym&OD;rSmav/ rjum1ml;/ em&D0ufavmufyJ ajym&wmyg}

reufjzef ararajym&rSmu 1m0wpfckvHk; pl;pl;eifheifh cspfjrwfedk;rdqHk; vlwpfa,muftajumif; jzpfonf/


xdk acgif;pOfajumifh ol&ifckefoGm;rdonfh tjzpfudk a0vGif pdwf0ifpm;edkifrnf rxifyg/

a0vGifhrdom;pk\&kyf0w¬KqefrSKudk ol owdxm;rdonf/ ynmudk wefzdk;xm;onfh rdrd 1m0eSifh aiGaju;pD;yGm;udk


wefzdk;xm;onfh a0vGifh1m0/ xdk1m0eSpfckudk aygif;pyfzdk h qdkonfrSm rdrdpdwful;,OfvGef;aerdwmvm;/ wu,fjzpfedkif
onfhudpörS ymkwfyghrvm;/ eSpfa,mufaygif;jyD; atmifjrifwJh 1m0wpfckudk zefwD;zdk heSpf1mufvHk;u pGef hvTwf&r,fqdk&if
1m,folu 1mmudk pGef hvTwf&rSmvJ/ awG;rdawmh ol wkefvSKyfoGm;rdonf/
***

41
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(11)

uGsefr1m0wpfckvHk; eifhaeatmif jrwfedk;wG,fwm&wmawmh wpfa,mufwnf; &Sdw,f/


tJ'gu uGsefr&J hom;av; armifrif;OmPfyg/

Zefe0g&DeSif;rSKefawGeJ htwl ,kZeyef;eH hawGeJ htwl arG;vmwJh uGsefrom;uav;u uGsefr 1m0rSm &vdkuforSs
wpfckwnf;aom qkvm1mfwpfyg;yg/

om;udk arG;zGm;cgeD; &ufydkif;avmufwkef;u uGsefr tdyfrufrufw,f/ tdyfrufxJrSm av,mOfysHjuD;aumif;uifrSm


0JysHoGm;wmudk aoaocsmcsm jrif&w,f/ uGsefrav av,mOfysHudk &kyfyHkxJrSmyJ jrifzl;wm/ tjyifrSm cyfvSrf;vSrf;rSmrdk h
rSKefrSKefav; jrif&wmawG csnf;yJ/ tdyfrufxJrSmawmh av,mOfysHjuD;u owåKa&mifajymifvufjyD; juD;juD;rm;rm;
cef hcef hnm;nm; vSvdkufwm/ wdrfawGudk jzwfjyD; ysHoef;oGm;vdkufwmrsm;/ tHrcef;ygyJ/

ydwfpteSD;jzLjzLav;eJ haxG;xkyfxm;wJh eDwm&J om;uav;udk edk hwdkuf&if; junfhvdk hr0 xdvdk hr0 &ifwvSyfvSyf
junfEl;vdkuf&wm 1mmeJ hrS rwlyg1ml;/ uGsefrymm twdwfumv jzpfpOfawGeJ hta0;juD;a0; wHwdkif;jcm;cJhjyDvdk h pdwfcs
,HkjunfoGm;awmhw,f/
om;udk arG;jyD;jyD;csif; uGsefr &if1mwfay:rSm ylaEG;aewJh udk,fcE¨m ao;ao;av; vmwifvdk haEG;axG;vSdKufzdkoGm;
uwnf;u uGsefrrSm jyD;cJhonfhumvqdkwm r&Sdawmhwmyg/

om;av;&,f? reufjzef&,f? aemufeSpf&,f 'gyJ/


av,mOfysHudk tdyfrufrufjyD; arG;zGm;vmwJh om;ymm jrifhjrifhrm;rm; xGef;aygufwJh om; jzpfvmrSm trSefygyJ/
om; vufz0g;ekekao;ao;av;udk jzef hjunfh&if; 1mmrSef;rodayrJha':OmPpm&DajymwJh OmPfynmqdkwmudkyJ
owd&ae awmhw,f/

OmPfynmtwGuf pmawGzwfzdk hvdkrSmayghaemf/


ae hae hnn pmawG &GwfzwfaewJh oDv&SifawGudk ai;armvmcJhvdkufwm om;ckepf&ufjynfhwJh ae hrSmawmh pkxm;wJh
ydkufqHxJuae om;twGuf pmtkyfwpftkyf 0,fxm;zkd hqHk;jzwfvdkufygw,f/

]a,musfm;av;wpfa,muf pmpzwfzdk h taumif;qHk;pmtkyfu 1mmvJ 1mk&m;}

a':OmPpm&Dudk ar;awmh q&mjuD;u csufcsif; ajzw,f/

]q,fapmifwGJpmtkyfu taumif;qHk;aygh? 'umrav;} wJh/

q,fapmifwGJ/
uspfaeatmif pkxm;wJh rkef hzdk;yJzdk; &wJhydkufqHav;udk qGrf;qefcHxGufwJh oDv&SifjuD; a':oD&dacrmudk ay;jyD;
q,fapmifwGJpmtkyf rSmvdkufygw,f/

42
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

nae tjyefrSm ygvmr,fh pmtkyfav;udk arSsmf&w,f/ ygvmygw,fawmf/ uGsefr vufxJ a&mufvmwJh pmtkyfav;udk
jrwfjrwfedk;edk; udkifwG,f yGwfoyfjunfh&w,f/

ynm tvif;jy q,fapmifwGJwJh/

za,mif;wdkiftvif;a&mifav;yHkeSifh rsufeSmzHk;av;yg/ uGsefr oa1mmusoGm;w,f/ tarSmifudkcGif;jyD; tvif;aqmifr,fh


oa1mmaygh/ aetHk; om;toufjuD;wJhtxd apmifh&rJh pmtkyfqdkawmh ayusHEGrf;zwfoGm;vdk hrjzpf1ml;/ausmif;rSm&SdwJh
yvwfpwpf tjunfpav; wpfjzwfudk pmtkyfzHk;jzpfatmif aoaooyfoyf csKyfay;vdkufw,f/

]om; 'DrSm om;zwfzdk hpmtkyfav; tar0,fvdkufjyD}

pmtkyfrsufeSmjyifudk om;vufao;ao;av;eJ hxdatmif wdk;uyfay;vdkufawmh 1mmrS rodem;rvnfao;wJh om;av;u


yg;yg;vSyfvSyf eDeDaxG;axG; eSKwfcrf;av;udk ymjyD; wysyfysyf toHxGufvmw,f/ 'gudkyJ om;u todtrSwf
jyKvdkufovdk owfrSwfjyD; uGsefraysmf&ygw,f/

uGsefr yef;oGm;ydk haeus ausmif;tkyfq&mrjuD;tdrfrSm pmtkyfpifawG? pmtkyf1mD'dkawGudk jrif&awmh tm;usvdkufwm


rajymygeJ hawmh/ 'DpmtkyftxlawGudk igjzifh zwfedkifrSm rymkwfyg1ml;vdk htm;i,fpdwf0ifrdw,f/ uGsefru
ausmif;oifcef;pGm pmtkyfyg;yg;awGawmif tausr&cJh1mJudk;/ udk,fhudk,fudk odyfOmPfraumif;rSef; odygw,f/
olrsm;awG ocsFmudk pdwfwGufwGufvdk hjyD;aecsdefrSm uGsefru vufcsdK;wGufwkef;av/ pmawGudk tvGwf&zdk holrsm;xuf
av;acgufavmuf ydkusufcJh&wm/ pmusufzdk hrsm; tvGefajumufvef hcJhwm/ 'gayr,fh ,HkcsifrS ,Hkyg/ om;uav;
arG;jyD;cgrS uGsefr pmusufvdk haumif;vdkufwmav/

aiGAdsKif;jzL&,f uGsefawmfoGm;awmh vdkufrSmvm;uGJ ah ysmfvSw,f/


oifhrSm awmifpHk avymkefpD;&if 'Hk;ysHjuD;xuf jrefvdrfhr,f/
zdk;v0g0g jyLum xGufawmh ausmif;wufcsdefvdk hrSwf&r,f/
tarh&ifcGif xkdifcHkvkyfvdk hikwfwkwfuav; xkdifyghr,f/
aumif;uifjuD;ymm ausmufoifykef;aygh/ ju,f0vHk;awG a&;&w,f/
taru pmtkyfjunfhjyD; wkdifay;? om;uav;u vdkufqdk? rjyDuvm jyDuvm toHav;udk jum;awmh uGsefr&ifxJrSm
odrfhceJ odrfhceJ junfEl;oGm;w,f/

ighom;av; pum;ajymwwf&ifvnf; tJ'DvdkyJ wDwDwmwm &Gwfqdkaevdrfhr,f aygh/


aemufae hawG tcsdeftm;wdkif; ausmif;tkyfq&mjuD;uawmfqDuae tJ'DuAsmav;udk vufa&;eJ hjudk;pm;yrf;pm;
ul;rdawmhwmygyJ/ pmvHk;awG pmydk'fawGeJ ha0;cJhwm jumjyDrdk h pwkw¬wef;ausmif;olaymmif;&J hvufa&;ymm yJwDaxG;vdk
cyf&SKyf&SKyf&,fawmh/ 'gayr,fh uAsmav;uawmh vSaevdkufwm/

uAsmav;udk om;edk hwdkuf&if; om;rsufeSmudk ai;&if; cPcP pmzwf&Gwfqdkaerdvdk h om;touf&ufwpf&mjynfhae h


rSm tvGwf&oGm;ygw,f. &ufwpf&mjynfhom;uav;&J huifyGef;wyfyGJrSm om;udk a':OmPpm&Du emrnfwpfck
a&G;ay;w,f/
OmPfynmeJ hjynfhpHkr,fhuav;rdk hwJh/ armifrif;OmPfwJh/ uGsefruawmh &ufwpf&mjynfh om;uav;twGuf uAsm?
pmtkyfav; wpftkyf vufaqmifay;vdkufw,f/ rvSry uGsefrvufa&;eJ hul;ul;a&;xm;wJh uAsmav;awGaygh/

rif;ok0Pf\armifacG;zdk huAsmrsm; wJh/

43
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

wu,fawmh om;twGuf &SmazGpkaqmif;&if;uyJ om;zwf&r,fhpmawG uAsmawGudk uGsefru t&if zwf&SKavhvmrd


vsufom; jzpfaeawmhw,f/
yxrawmh ausmif;tkyfjuD;uawmf zwfjywJhuAsmawGudk toHomvdk hom;udk zwfjycsifpdwfeJ h ul;,lcJhwmyg/
uAsmawGudk odyfvnf; em;rvnfcJhyg1ml;/ zwf&if;zwf&if;eJ hzwf&wJht&omudk uGsefrudk,fwdkif oa1mmusvmcJhwm/

toHav;u csdKvdkufwm/ qdkvdk haumif;vdkufwm/ uGsefr tckxd tvGwf&aewJh uAsmav;/ wpfae huawmif om;u
uGsefrudk jyef&GwfjyvdkufwJh uAsmav;/

at;&dyfomwJh yanmifndK OjowGefoHcsdK


'dk;,dkpD;wJh e'DwGif; orif a&aomufqif; wJh/
udk,fwdkifu uav;omom t&G,frdk huGsefrrSm anmifndKyifjuD;ay:u OjoiSufuav;udk jrifa,mifvmjyD;
OjoOjoqdkwJh toHcsdKcsKdav;udk jum;a,mifvmwmaygh/ jrpfa&jyifuawmh uGsefrtwGuf tqef;rS rymkwf1mJ/
uGsefrwdk hu jrpfudk ae hwkdif; ae hwdkif; jzwfjyD; ul;oef;a&mif;0,fae&wm/ orifudkawmh &kyfyHkxJrSmyJ jrifzl;w,f/
'gayrJh OD;csdKawG tcuftvufawGeJ htvGefvSw,fqdkwmawmh odygw,f/ 1mkef;juD;ysHyGJrSm yGJuawmh &mrrif;om;
orifvdkufwJh tu uw,f rymkwfvm;/ orifvkyfwJh tjidrfhorav;u ol hacgif;rSm orifacgif;pGyfxm;wmyJ/
orifav; a&aomufqif;wJh jrpfurf;pyfav;wpfckudk uAsmzGJ hxm;wm/

jrufcif;vJhvJh ajrnDnD uHhaumif0wfrSKefpD


ZmvDaysmfwJh ausmif;oifcPf; vlav;oGm;csifprf;
tJ uHhaumf0wfrSKefudk uGsefrodyg&J h/ uHhaumfyGifhawG yGifhwJhtcsdef &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; jrdK huae rrdk;apG 0,f0,fjyD;
1mk&m;wifwJh 0wfrSKef0g0g yGifhcsyfjzLjzLawGudk uGsefrodygw,f/ 'gayrJh ZmvDqdkwm 1mmvJ uGsefr rod/

rodawmh a':OmPpm&Dudk oGm;ar;vdkufwmayghav/ uGsefrrSm pG,fpHkusrf;vdk tm;udk;&wJh oDv&Sifq&mjuD;&SdaewmyJ/


]aetHk; wumrav;&J h/ ZmvDvJygw,f/ ausmif;oifcef;vJygw,fqdkawmh a0óEÅ&mrif;juD;&J hom;av;rsm;vm;/
a0óEÅ&mZmwfudk 'umrav; odvm;}

odyfrodyg1ml;/ tvSLtwef;&ufa&mwJhrif; vdk hawmh odw,f/ a':OmPpm&Du a0óEÅ&mZmwfudk aymmjyaecJhw,f/

]ZmvDqdkwm a0óEÅ&mrif;juD;&J hom;av;aygh/ ol hrSm om;eJ horD;&Sdw,f/ om;av;u ZmvD? orD;av;u


uPSmpdefwJh}
aemufwpfacguf uAsm&GwfjyD; om;udk acsmhodyfwJhtcgusawmh uAsmteufudkawmif om;ukd &Sif;jywwfoGm;jyDaygh/

]ZmvDaysmfwJh ausmif;oifcPf; vlav; oGm;csifprf;/ ZmvDqdkwm om;av;odvm;/ a0óEÅ&mrif;juD;&J hom;aygh/


ZmvDaysmfwJh ausmif;oifcPf;u 0domcgausmif;wdkufvdkyJ t&dyfaumif;aumif; tkyftkyfqdkif;qdkif; opfyifawGeJ h
at;csrf;om,maeowJh/ wpfckyJ &Sdw,f/ ZmvDaewJh ausmif;oifcPf;u jrpfa&jyif urf;pyfeJ hawmfawmfeD;owJh/
tareJ h om;av;ae&wJh 0domcgausmif;oifcPf;uawmh {&m0wDjrpfjuD;eJ h awmfawmfa0;w,faemf}
ausmif;cef; oef h&Sif;a&;vkyfvdkuf toD;t&GufawGcl;jyd; aps;oGm;a&mif;vdkuf rtm;&wJhjum;xJrSm t0wfykcufxJu
om;uav;udk jrSL&acsmh&wJh tvkyfu uGsefrudk tarmajyapwJhtvkyfaygh/
om;ajumifh jyóemwpfckawmh &Sdw,f/

]wkd hrsm; oDv&Sifausmif;wdkufrSm trsdK;om;awGudk vufcHxm;zdk hroifhawmf1ml;/ eSifrSKef 'umrav;&J hom; ckepfeSpf
jynfh&ifawmh 'DrSmaevdk hrjzpfawmh1ml; jum;vm;/ wpfae&m&mudk ajymif;ae&r,f}

44
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

oDv&SifjuD; ajymvdkufawmh xdwfceJ wkefoGm;w,f/


]'grSrymkwf&ifvJ uav;udk 1mkef;juD;ausmif;ydk h'umrav;u 'DrSmqufae}
rjzpf1mll;/ 1mkef;juD;ausmif;rSmxm;&if uav;udk teD;uyfjyKpkysdK;axmifzkd hrvG,f1ml;/ uGsefrvJ om;eJ hrcGJedkif1ml;/
tJ'DtcsdefrSm uGsefrwpfcgrS rawG;rdzl;cJhwJh pum;vHk;wpfcku acgif;xJa&mufvmw,f/

tdrf/
0g;wJuav;wpfvHk;uvJ tdrfyJ/
ymkwfwmaygh/ 0domcgausmif;wdkufrSmcsnf; igwpfoufvHk;aeoGm;zkd h1m,fjzpfedkifrvJ/

]wynfhawmf tdrfav;wpfvHk; 0,fedkifatmif judk;pm;r,f 1mk&mh 'grS om;av;eJ hrcGJ&rSm}

jrdK htpGeftzsm; jzpfygapOD;awmh/ ajrae&mav;wpfck&&if awmfjyD/ 0g;aygaygeJ h udk,fhymmukd,f 0g;wJav; aqmufae


vdkufrSmaygh/

]a0;a0;vHvHjuD;rSm0,fjyD; tJ'DrSm 'umrav;wdk hcsnf;ae&if vHkjcHKrSKtwGuf &wufrat;&1ml;/ ausmif;eJ heD;rS}


]tdk wynfhawmfrSm om;av;&SdwmyJ 1mk&mh}

av;vom;&G,f tvsm;arSmufcgp om;uav;udk tm;udk;wjuD; junfhjyD; ajymawmh oDv&SifawG 0dkif;&,fvdkufjuwm/


wu,fawmh uav;wpfa,mufudk tEÅ&m,fuif;uif; vlvm;ajrmufatmif jyKpkysdK;axmifzdk hqdkwm awmfawmfcufcJ
wmygvm;/
OmPfynmjuD;wJh uav;wpfa,muf jzpfatmif jyKpkysdK;axmifzdk h rdcif udk,fwdkifu OmPfynmtoifhtwifhawmh
&Sd&rSmvm; rod1ml;vdk hawG;rdwJhtcg om;tem*wftwGuf pdwfarm&ygw,f/ uGsefrymm av;wef;yJ wufcJh&wJh
rdef;uav;yg/ uGsefrrSm 1mmOmPfynmrS r&Sdyg1ml;/
yxrawmh uGsefrom;av;udk jyKpkysdK;axmifzdk hoDv&SifawGeJ hausmif;tkyfjuD;rdom;pkudkyJ tm;udk;&r,fvdk hawG;rdw,f/

om;uav; wpfeSpft&G,frSm uGsefrudk oDv&Sifq&mrjuD;u qlyljudrf;armif;wm cHvdkuf&ao;w,f/ uGsefr


rSwfrdw,f/
tJ'Dae hu uav;udk oifjzL;ay:rSm odyfxm;w,f/ acgif;tHk;tjzpf teSD;pav;udk u&GwfacGvkyf? u&GwfacG
t0wfyHkav;ay:rSm uav;acgif;udk csodyfxm;w,f/ jcifrudkufatmif Zmtpydkif;av;eJ htkyfxm;jyD; uGsJaumoD;awG
oGm;cl;aewkef; uav;u edk;vmwm/ vufum;&m; ajcum;&m;eJ hvSKyf&GaecJhrSmaygh/ teSD;eJ hwpfqufwnf;jzpfaewJh
a&aEG;jurf;rwfcGufudk qGJvSJ vdkufovdkjzpfjyD; uav;ajcaxmuftzsm;udk a&aEG;tylwpfpuf eSpfpuf
pifusoGm;cJhygvdrfhr,f/

uav;u uGsufuGsufnHatmif atmfidkvdkufayrJh jcHxJa&mufaewJh uGsefru rjum;vkduf1ml;/ jum;vdkuf&wJh


a':OmPpm&Du tajy;a&mufvmjyD; tajctaeudk jrifvdkuf&awmh 1m,fajymaumif;rvJ/ qlvdkufwm rmefvdkufwm/

]rSwfxm; eSifrSKef uav;tem;rSm tEÅ&m,f&SdwJh t&m 1mmrS rxm;&1ml;/ a&aEG;tyl? "g;? uwfaus;? tyf?
cGsefxufwJht&m? toGm;ygwJh t&m? ql;ygwJht&m? rD;avmifwwfwJh t&m? rif; 'Davmufuav;awmif
em;rvnf1ml;vm;/ rif;ajumifhudk uav;u 'ku©a&mufvdrhfr,f/ juyfjuyfowdxm;} wJh/

1mk&m;a&/
toHav;jymtufaeatmif idkaewJh om;uav;&J hajcz0g;av;udk eSKwfcrf;eJ hxduyfae&if; uGsefrudk,fwdkif
idkrdawmhwmygyJ/
tylavmifoGm;wJh om;uav;ajcaxmufudk vdrf;zdk hausmif;tkyfjuD;tdrf aq;oGm;awmif&w,f/ 1m,f&SufedkifyghrvJ/

45
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

ausmif;xkdifq&mav;uawmh ntdyf&m0ifcsdefrSm uGsefrudk qHk;rpum;awGawmfawmfjumatmif ajymaecJhawmhwmyJ/

]uav;awG&J htouftEÅ&m,fawGu trsm;juD;uGJ h/ v1muf&nfqdkifwpfckrSm EGm;edk htdk; juD; yGufyGufqlaewJh tem;rSm


vom;t&G,fuav;av;udk t1mdk;jzpfolu ayG hzuf usDp,faeowJh/ uav;udk ayG hcsDxm;&if;uae igypfxnfhvdkuf
r,faemf? ypfvdkufr,faemfvdk husDp,fjyD; uav;udk ajrSmufajrSmufupm;vdkufwm uav;uvnf; oa1mmusvdk h
wcpfcpfeJ h&,faerSmaygh/ tukodkvftm;rsm;wJhtcsdefrdk hxifyg&J h/ usDp,fae&if;uae wu,fyJ t1mkd;vufuae
acsmfxGufjyD; yGufyGufqlaewJh EGm;edk htdk;xJ uav;av; usoGm;yga&mvm;} wJh/

trav;/ uGsefrjzifh om;av;udk &ifcGifrSmtyfjyD; uspfaeatmif axG;ydkufxm;&mu a,mifjyD;awmh rsufpdawmif


rSdwfypfrdw,f/
tJ'Duav;av; 1mmjzpfoGm;ovJ ar;awmifrar;&Jyg1ml;/ rar;&JayrJh q&mav;u qufajymygw,f/
]uav;av; aoudkaooGm;a&m} wJh/

ymifhtif;/ uGsefr om;av; usef;rmrS jzpfr,f/ ynmwwfwmuaemufrs om;av; toufa1m;uae a0;zdk hu yxr/
udk,hfudk,fudk OmPfraumif;rSef; odaeawmh q&mav;ajymwJh uav;tem;rSm rxm;&r,fh tEÅ&m,fypönf;pm&if;udk
rSwfpkxJrSm a&;rSwf,l&w,f/

]wpfcgwnf; rSwfxm;tHk;? a*:vDvHk;wdk hzeftdk;wdk hvmr,f/ toufoHk;av;eSpft&G,frSm nnf;0,fay;rdrSmyJ tJ'Dus&if


tJ'DtvHk;awGudk nnf;rjrifcifrSm yg;pyfxJaumufxnfh rd&ifaowmyJ}

1mk&m;a&/
]'gjzifh tJ'gawGeJ hrupm;ckdif;&1ml;ayghaemf}

]upm;awmh upm;&rSmyJaygh/ 'gayrJh ratu owdxm;jyd; junfh&rSmaygh/ uav;uav;csif; ypfxm;wmwdk h


uav;wpfa,mufwnf; ypfxm;wmwdk hrvkyfeJ h/ upm;jyD;&if csufcsif;jyefaumufodrf;ay;/ ta&twGufvnf;
rSwfxm;/ aysmuf&if csufcsif;odatmif}

tJ'DvdkeJ hudk,fhzmomvJ avhvmrSwfom;zdk hvdkao;w,f vdk hodvmygw,f/

rSwfpkpmtkyfu aqmif&ef a&Smif&Sef? owdxm;&efqdkwJh rSwfcsufawGeJ hjynfhaewmyJ/ rSwfpkudk rarhatmif tm;wJhtcsdef


cPcP xkwfxkwfzwfw,f/

ausmif;tkyfjuD;u zwfcdkif;vdk huGsefr zwf&wJhpmtkyfuav;uae uav;qdkwm aqmhuupm;zdk hvdkw,fqkdwmrsdK;udk


odvmwJhtcg om;udk t&m&mpdk;&drfwjuD; ydwfyifwm;qD;wmrsdK; rvkyfawmh1mJ rsufajcrjywfyJ junfhaerdawmhw,f/

]vlrdkufqdkvSsif a&SmifaoGvTJvdk hrrSD0JeSifh uif;atmifae}

oDv&Sifpm&GwfzwfoHrsm;jum;rSm juD;jyif;vmwJh uav;qdkawmh om;u taqmhupm; roef1mJ pmzwf0goem


xHkwJhuav; jzpfvmw,f/

]oaEÅ ,lcg q,fvjumaomf


rymmouú&mZf ajcmufq,fh&SpfjuHk &*HkjrdKifwGif;}

om;uav; oifykef;juD;zwfpmudk ausnufvdk hyxrqHk;tjudrf q,fapmifwGJpmtkyfudk om;trdtwl zwfedkifvm


wJhtcg uGsefrav &ifxJrSm junfEl;csrf;ajrhvdkuf&wm/

46
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]'Dpmtkyfudk arar 1m,fwkef;u 0,fxm;wmvJ om;odvm;}


ar;awmh om;av;u rsufvHk;a'gifhuyfjyHK;jyD; pOf;pm;ao;w,f/

]rod1ml; arar}
at;av/ 1m,fodekdifrvJ/ ar;vdk hom ar;&wm/

]om;eDwm&Jav; ckepf&ufom;av;yJ &Sdao;w,f/ wpfvawmif r&Sdao;1ml;aygh 'DrSmawG h vm; om;udk emrnfawmif


ray;&ao;vdk harara&;xm;wm zwfygtHk;}

om;av; zwfzdk hwJh/

uGsefrvufa&; auG;auG;aumufaumufav;u om;tay:xm;wJh arwåmta&mifeJ h vSyvdk h/

***

47
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(12)

eSpfaygif;rsm;pGm odrf;qnf;xm;cJhaom ynmtvif;jy q,fapmifwGJpmtkyfav;udk xkwf,ljunfhvdkufonfhtcsdefwGif


nq,feSpfem&Dxkd;jyD/
ymkwfyg&J h/ pmtkyf\yxrqHk; pmrsufeSmwGif ararhvufa&; auG;auG;wGef hwGef hav;jzifh pmav;wpfajumif;
a&;xm;onf/

om;uav;
om;uav; zwfzdk h
(1337ck jymodkvqkwf 14&uf)
wpfavmuvHk;wGif olt,HkjunfqHk; trSefw&m;u ararharwÅmyJ jzpfonf/
ararhpum;awGudk wdwfwdwfuufqufjzifh em;axmifjyD; uGefysLwmpmvHk;rsm;jzifh udk,fwdkif pmpDyHkeSdyf xkwf,lcJhaom
pm&GufrSwfwrf;rsm;udk ol jrwfedk;pGm odrf;qnf;onf/ tcsdeftm;&wdkif; zwfcsifonf/ oJvGefp&Smzdk hvnf; ygyg&J h/
aocsmonfh tajumif;uawmh xdkpmrsm;onf arara&;jc,fcJhaom om;\1m0yefcsDum;xJu ararh aumufajumif;
rsm; jzpfonf/ ol htwGuf cGeftm;awG ay;onfh pmwrf;awGjzpfonf/ oGm;av&modk ho,f,loGm;rnf/ jynfyc&D;odk h
xdkpm&Gufrsm;udk ,loGm;rnfymk qHk;jzwfonf/ ararh "gwfyHkeSifh twlwlaygh/

onfwpfcg c&D;xGuf&rSm pdwfrajzmifhqHk;ygyJ/

tdrfodk ha0vGifae hpOfvmvnfjyD; ararhudk apmifha&Smufay;rnfymk a0vGifu urf;vSrf;vmonfudk ajymawmh


ararrjudkufay/
]rif;uvJ cgwdkif; ig'DvdkyJ wpfa,mufwnf;aevmwm/ rif; xdkif;edkifiHrSm oGm;ausmif;wufwkef;uawmif eSpfeSpfvHk;
tarwpfa,mufwnf; aecJhwmyguGJ h/ tckymmu wpfywfq,f&ufudk tarwpfa,mufwnf; jzpfw,f}
araru rnGef heJ hyJ aernfyml\/
]tJ'Dwkef;u ararhtoufu 40yJ &Sdao;w,f/ tck av;q,fhoHk;eSpfausmfjyDav/ araru odyfvJaeaumif;wm
rymkwf1ml;}
rnGef hu ynmrwwfol/ arareSifh &dk;tyHkcsif;rSm odyfruGmvS/ a0vGifhpDrHrSKawmh vdktyfaeonfymk olqHk;jzwf\/

]uGsefawmfoGm;aewkef; araraq;cef;jy&rJh&uf eSpf&uf&Sdw,f/ a0vGifvdkufydk hay;vdrfhr,f aemf arar/ nawGrSmvnf;


a0vGif ararhtem;rSm vmapmifhay;jyD; arartdyfrS jyefvdrfhr,f}

araru vSdKufvSdKufvJvJ r&SdvSaomfvnf; ol pdwfcsatmif vufcHvdkufymefjzifh acgif;udk cyfav;av; ndwfonf/


ararhudk uGsefawmf jrifw,f/ jum;vnf; jum;w,f/
ararh eSvHk;ckefoHeSifh aoG;ajumawGxJ pD;qif;oGm;oHawGudk yif oljum;vdkuf&onfymk xifrdonf/ araru uGsefawmf
txyfxyf tcgcg zwfvdk hausnufaewJh edygwfwpfyk'fav/
***

48
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(13)

om;u pmzwf0goemxHkvGef;vdk hpmtkyfawGudk 0g;pm;ovdkyJ cPav;eJ hukefatmif zwfzwfypfw,f/ 'gayrJh


pmusufawmh eJeJysif;w,f/
uGsefru om;udk twef;xJrSm yxrqk&atmif awmfapcsifwm/ om;u 'kwd,? wwd,yJ &&vmw,f/ pmudk
tvGwfusuf&rSm ysif;owJh/ uAsmawGqdkvJteuft"dyÜg,fudkol h pum;vHk;eJ hola&;csifa&;wm/ q&mru 1m,fjudkuf
rvJ/

ol hudk,f0ef&pu uGsefr pdwful;,OfcJhwJh pmwwfaywwf yk*¾dKvfav;ae&mrSm t*Fvdyfpmwwfwm rygao;1ml;/


uGsefrudk,fwdkifu t*Fvdyfpmudk roifcJh&1ml;/ oDv&SifawG usuf&wJhpmrSmvJ t*Fvdyfpm rjrif&1mJudk; t*Fvdyfpmwwf
yk*¾dKvfav;jzpfzkd h pdwful;udk om;ausmif;aewJh t&G,fa&mufrS &w,f/

ausmif;tkyfjuD; OD;csrf;at;tdrfu oDv&Sifwdkufem;eD;awmh olwdk htdrfoGm;ulnDnm vkyfay;&if; ymdkpmtkyftajumif;ar;


'Dpmtkyftajumif;ar; ar;rdwdkif; q&mjuD;u cPcP ajymw,f/

]at; orD;&J hom;av;udk pmzwfatmif usifhay;wm aumif;w,f/ jrefrmpmcsnf; rymkwf1ml; t*FvdyfpmvJwwfrS uG/
tJ'gudk rarheJ hjum;vm;}

t*FvdyfpmwwfrS wJh/ 'Dpum;udk jum;&zefrsm;awmh om;udk jyefajymjy&w,f/

]om; rif;OmPf/ t*Fvdyfpmwwfzdk hvJ vdkowJhaemf? jrefrmpmcsnf;yJ awmfaevdk h r&1ml;wJhawmfh}

om;udk t*FvdyfpmeJ hywfowfjyD; yxrqHk; 0,fay;jzpfwmu t*Fvdyfvdka&m jrefrmvdka&m yg0ifonfh a&TaoG;*sme,f/

jrefrmvdk uGsefrzwfedkifayrJh t*Fvdyfvdkus rzwfedkif1ml;/ trav; om;u ymefjuD;yefjuD;eJ h t*Fvdyfvdk zwfjywmudk


em;axmif&wmrsm; aumif;csufawmf tJ'grS ighom;ymJh/ eSif;rSKef&J hom;aemf/ 1mmrSwfaevJ/
cPcP pdwfjuD;0ifrdw,f/ i,fi,fu jum;zl;wJh pum;yHkw,frSefwmudk;vdk htckrS tjynfht0em;vnfw,f/

om; udk,fhom;? pyg; olrsm;pyg;wJh/

om;qdk&if udk,fhom;urS awmfwm/ udk,fhom;urS acsmwm/ udk,fhom;urS trSef/ pyg;usawmh udk,fhwvif;xJ


yHkxm;wJh pyg;yHku ao;? olrsm;wvif;xJ yHkxm;onfh pyg;yHkurS juD;w,f xifaewwfwmrsdK;wJh/

q&mav;uawmh owday;w,f/

]uGsefr,Hkawmh wpfzufuef; om;orD;,Hkawmh pHkvHk;uef; qdkovdk udk,fhom;orD;ajymwmrS trSefqdkjyD; r,HkaveJ h/


1mmjzpfjzpf csifhcsdef} vdk howday;w,f/

49
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

om;ckepfeSpft&G,frSm 0domcg ausmif;wdkufuae ajymif;&r,fvdk htrdef hcsxm;wJhtwdkif; uGsefrwdk hom;trd ae&ma&T h


&ygw,f/ 'gayrJh oDv&Sifausmif;wdkufeJ hrsufeSmcsif;qdkif O,smOfjcHwpfckrSm tapmifhoa1mmrsdK; wJav;aqmuf
aecGifh&w,f/ ausmif;xdkifoDv&SifjuD;uyJ pDpOfay;wm? pmawmfwJhuav;udk teD;uyf ulnDay;edkifatmifvdk hwJh/

a&jrifh&if jumwifhw,fwJh/ tar cPcP ajymwm uGsefrjum;zl;yg&J h/ 'gayrJh t"dyÜg,fudk vif,lom;arG;vkyf&if


jrifhwJholudk ,lrS rdef;rom;uvnf; vdkufjrifhr,fvdk h em;vnfxm;wm/ tckawmh om;ynmawmf&ifvJ tar*kPfwuf
&yguvm; vdk h oa1mmaygufoGm;ygjyD/
armifrif;OmPfav; pmawmfawmh ol htar uGsefr vl&m0ifvmwmaygh/
pm;ar;yGJawGrSm om;u qkawG&aeus/ om;qk&&ifvm; uGsefrrsufeSmu armhaeawmhwm/ qkawG &wmrsm;vmawmh
uGsefr avm1mjuD;vmw,f/ 1m,fvdkavm1mvJqdkawmh yxrqk&rS judkufw,f/ 'kwd, wwd,qdk&if
odyfrjunfcsif1ml;/

]arar om; pmpDpmuHk; qk&w,f}

]ym,f ymkwfvm; yxrqkaygh}

]rymkwf1ml; arar/ 'kwd,qk}

'def;ceJaysmfae&mu pdwfu eJeJ uGufoGm;a&m/

]om;u 1mmjzpfvdk hyxr r&wmvJ}


]rod1ml;av/ uGsefawmfxifwmawmh tJ'Daumifrav;u q&mrusufcdkif;wJhtwdkif; tvGwfusufedkifwm/ uGsefawmfu
udk,fh0guseJ hudk,fjyefjyifa&;wm/ tJ'gajumifhvm; rod1ml;}

]tif;}
]arar pdwfwdkoGm;vm;}

om;u uGsefrrsufeSmudk i,fi,fuwJu zwfedkifwm/

]trav;awmf rwdkyg1ml;/ 'DavmufawmfwJh uav;udk taru pdwfwkdyghrvm;}

pdk;&drfwjuD;jzpfaewJh om;rsufeSmav;udk w&SKwf&SKwf erf;ypfvdkufrdawmhw,f/

oDv&SifawGu ydkufqHpkxnfhjyD; AvmpmtkyfawGeJ hvG,ftdwfvSvSav;wpfvHk; qkay;juw,f/ taruvJ ay;&rSmaygh/


aeygOD; 1mmay;&ygh/ pkxm;wJh ydkufqHuawmh eJao;w,f/ om;udk pmtkyfwpfckck vufaqmifay;&ifaumif;rvm;/
om; 1mmpmtkyfvdkcsifrSef;rS rodawmh ar;junfhw,f/
om;u pmtkyf0,fay;csifrSef;odawmh aysmfoGm;vdkufwm/ tJ'DrsufeSmav;udk uGsefr wpfouf 1m,fawmhrS arhedkifr,f
rxifyg1ml;/

om;u pmtkyfemrnfwpfckudk ajymjyyg&J h/ t*Fvdyfemrnfygvm;/ uGsefr em;rvnf1ml;aygh}

]tJ'D pmtkyfu 1m,frSm&SdwmvJ}


]&efukefrSm}
uJ rjzpfacs1ml;/ 0domcgausmif;wdkuf tvSLtwGuf &efukefwufjyD; ypönf;0,f&wJhtacgufrSm pm&Gufwpfckay:rSm
om;a&;ay;vdkufwJh t*Fvdyfpmajumif;av;udk jyjyD; om;twGuf pmtkyf0,fay;cJh&wmaygh/ pmtkyfu

50
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

awmfawmfxlom;/ uGsefr wpfvHk;rS em;rvnfwJh t*FvdyfpmawGeJ hrsufeSmzkHk;udk junfhvdkuf twGif;u pmrsufeSmtjynfh


t*Fvdyfpmajumif;awGudk junfhvdkuf yDwdawG jzmvdk haygh/

'gom;zwfrJh pmtkyf/ pmtkyfav;udk wjcm;ypönf;awGeJ hra&map&atmif yvyfpwpfeJ h taotcsm zHk;jyD;rS


o,fcJhwmyg/
a&mufa&mufcsif; om;udk pmtkyfav; xkwfay;vdkuf&wJh t&omymm 1mmeJ hrS rwlyg1ml;/ pmtkyfudk udkifjunfhvdkufwJh
om;&J hrsufvHk;av;awGymm awmufy0if;vufvdk hpmtkyfudk jrwfedk;wJh rsufvHk;awG/ tJ'DrsufvHk;awGudk jrif&awmh
uGsefr aysmfvdkufwm/

***

51
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(14)

rif;OmPfjyefa&mufonfhtcg rlvu arSsmfvifhxm;ovdk avqdyfrSm junfEl;pGm apmifhjudkaernfh ararhudk rawG h&/


tjzLa&mif txufatmufqifwljzifh upfupfav; acsmarmvSyonfha0vGifhudkom awG h&onf/

]a0vGif aeaumif;w,faemf}

]aumif;w,f]
]arara&m aeaumif;vm;/ arar1mmvdk havqdyfrygvmwmvJ}

]rvdkufcsif1ml;wJh/ vlawGjum;xJrSm olraecsif1ml;vdk hajymw,f udkOmPf}

pdwfusa0'em&Sifwdk honf vlawGudk a&Smifcsifju\/ ararodyfrsm; pdwfxdcdkufae&ovm;/ ararxrif;rS pm;edkifyg&J h


vm;/ ar;cGef;awGudk a0vGifhtm; qufwkdufar;rdawmh a0vGifu um;armif;&if; pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf ajzonf/
]xrif;udk wdk hauGs;&if pm;w,f/ tm;emyHk&w,fav/ rnGef hudk a':av;u t&kyfyJ/ rnGef hauGs;&if jiif;wmyJ/ wdk hu
tymm&jynfhr,fh tpm;awG a&G;auGs;ygw,f/ cufwmu a':av;u csD;pfwdk haxmywfwdk hudk rjudkuf/
vHk;0rxd1ml;aemf/ xrif;eJ hiydyJpm;csifaewm/ 1m,fjzpfrvJ/ ig;ajumfwdk hjuufajumfwdk hudk pdwf&Snf&Snf onf;cHjyD;
auGs;&w,f}

]aus;Zl;wifvdkufwm a0vGif&,f}
tdrfjyefa&mufawmh ararhudk tdyf&may:rSm rawG h&1mJ {nfhcef;xJrSm awG h&ojzihf eJeJ pdwfcsrf;omrdonf/
ol rdcif\vufudk axG;qkyfvdkufonf/

uGsefawmf jyefvmjyD arar/ jrpfwpfpif;vdk auG h0dkufpD;qif;ae&ayrJh uGsefawmfha&vSdKif;awGu ararhurf;pyfqDudkyJ


jyefjyefa&muf vmw,fqdkwm arar,Hkw,f rymkwfvm;/

]arar aeaumif;vm;]

]at; aumif;ygw,f}

rsufeSmenf;enf; nSdK;aeaomfvnf; ajzonf/ ymefaqmifjyD; ajzonfqdkapOD;awmh ymefaqmifjyHK;edkifonf qdkvSsifudk


tajctae odyfrqdk;vSymk atmufarh&ygrnf/
arar eSifh a0vGifhudk ygvmaom ypöönf;awG xkwfjy vufaqmifawGjyawmh olwdk heSifh twl arar &,farmpum;
ajymedkifonf/

a0vGifjyefoGm;onfhtcg
]arar a0vGifeJ hae&wm tqifajyvm;} ymk ar;rdonf/

52
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]ajyawmh ajyygw,f/ 'gayrJh}

]'gayrJh 1mmjzpfvJ arar}

]pdwfnpfp&m Zmwfvrf;awG ajymw,fuGJ h}

]1mmawG ajymovJ}

]tdkuG,f wpfnuqdk ausmufcJeJ hxkowfcH&wJh uav;rav;tajumif;udk pDumywfuHk; ajymaevdkufwm}

olrsufarSmif jukwfrdoGm;onf/

]ausmufcJeJ hxkowfcH&w,f/ 1m,folvJ arar}

]ukvm;rav; wpfa,muf}

]aymmAsm 1m,fu ukvm;rav;vJ &efukefuvm;}

]rymkwf1ml; wjcm;edkifiHrSm}

]1m,folawGu owfwmvJ/ vlqkd;awGuvm;}

]rymkwf1ml;/ w&m;oljuD;u owfcdkif;wmwJhym,f/ tazray:wJh uav;arG;vdk hwJh}

ola&;a&; oa1mmaygufoGm;onf/ tdrfaxmifa&;eSifh ywfowfjyD; azmufjyefrSKxif&Sm;vSSsif w&m;cHudk raorcsif;


ausmufwHk;jzifh xkowfaponfh w&m;pD&ifxHkrsm;tajumif; ol ararhudk wpfcgrS ajymrjycJhzl;yg/ urÇÇmavmujuD;wGif
arar rodaom t&mawG trsm;juD; &Sdonf/ ararwdk hvdk &dk;tolrsm;twGuf ao'Pfusedkifp&m uHjur®®mrsm;
&Sdwwfajumif; arar rodapcsif/

ol ararhudk ai;junfhrdonf/ ararhtuFs Du a0vGifqifay;xm;wmrSef; odomonfh eH homeka&mif ygwdwf txuf


atmuf qifwl/ cgwdkif;qdk yvwfpwpf1mD;eSifh xHk;ywfxm;aom 1mD;qHywfrymkwf1mJ ususee xHk;aeSmifxm;aom
qHxHk;jrifhjrifhav;eSifh araronf awmfawmfacsmarmajyjypfygvm;ymk owdxm;rdoGm;onf/

]arar tJ'gu udk,fhedkifiHrSmjzpfwmrS rymkwf1mJ ymdk;ta0;juD;rSm jzpfwmav}

]'gayrJhajumufp&mjuD;av om;&,f/ uav;rav; rcsdrqef hemjyD;rS ao&rSm oleJ h jzpfwJholudkawmh rowfju1ml;qdk}


atmf a0vGifheS,f/ 'Dtajumif;udk ararhudkrS ajymjycJhavjcif;/

]1m,folrS raoyg1ml; arar a0vGifu rod1mJ pGwfajymaewm/ ymkd;a&S;acwfwkef;uom ausmufwHk;eJ hxkowfwJh


pD&ifcsuftwdkif; wu,faoatmif owfwm/ tckacwfrSm pD&ifcsufcsawmhcsygw,f/ 'gayrJh t,lcH0ifwmeJ h1mmeJ h
axmifyJ uswmyg/ wu,frao&awmhyg1ml;}

]ymkwfvdk hvm; om;&,f}

]ymkwfygw,f arar&J h/ tJ'Duav;rav;u ukvm;rav;rymkwf1ml;/ edkif*sD;&D;,m; rdef;uav;yg/ tJ'D&mZowfOya'

53
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

jyXmef;xm;wJh edkifiHuvnf; urÇÇmay:rSm eJeJav;/ av;ig;edkifiHyJ/ rlqvif edkifiHawG/ olwdk hvnf; tck tJ'Dtwdkif;
rpD&ifawmhyg1ml;/ ao'Pfvdk hom ajymwm}

]a0vGifuajymawmh}
]ymm tJ'Da0vGifu 1mmodrSmwkef;/ olu jum;zl;em;0awG avSsmufajymwm/ uGsefawmfu todqHk;aygh/ araru
uGsefawmfhudk r,Hk1ml;vm;/ uGsefawmfu edkifiHwuma&mufaewmyg/ aemufjyD; edkifiHwumu owif;awGudkvnf;
pdwf0ifwpm; em;axmifaewmyg arar&J h}

]'gayrJh 'gawGymm wu,fjzpfcJhwmawG rymkwfvm;}

olrjiif;edkifyg/

]rodem;rvnfvdk hyJjzpfjzpf twif;tjuyf odrf;oGif;cH&vdk hyJ jzpfjzpf toJeifhatmif cspfrdoGm;vdk hjzpfjzpf rdef;rawGymm
e,fuGsHcHvdkuf&&if AdkufjuD; &awmhwmyJ/ ,lvdk h rjzpfwJh vleJ hqkd&if tJ'gao'Pfayghaemf/ twlusL;vGefwJh a,musfm;
awGusawmh 1mmvdk h ao'Pfuae vGwfaewmvJ}

]arar tJ'gawG arareJ hrqkdif1ml;av/ 1mmjzpfvdk h awG;aewmvJ/ awmfjyD}

ol rdcifudk zufayG hvdkufonf/

]'D0wfpHkeJ hararu odyfvSwmygvm;}

ol hpum;aemufodk hararygrvmcJhay/

***

nusawmh a0vGifhudk olzkef;qufvdkufrdonf/

]a0vGif 1mmajumifh ararhudk stoning punishmenttajumif; ajymjyvdkuf&wmvJ}

a0vGifonf olajymjyD;awmh ol hymmol arhaejyD/

]ymif 1mm}

]atmf ausmufcJeJ hxkowfcH&zkd hw&m;pD&ifcH&wJh aumifrav;tajumif;av/ edkif*sD;&D;,ef;rav; rymkwfvm;}


]atmf tJ'gvm; zwfvufp wdkif;rfr*¾Zif;taymmif;xJrSm awG hvdk h}

a0vGifhtoHu &dk;&dk;pif;pif; ymk xifonf/

]rajym1mJaevdk hvJ jzpfwJhymmukd}

]udkOmPf pum;ajymp&mr&Sdawmh 'DvkdyJ xl;qef;wJhtajumif;t&mwpfckudk ajymvdkufwmyJav/ tJ'g 1mmjzpfvJ}


ol pdwfxdcdkufoGm;onf/ xl;qef;wJhtajumif;wJh/
a0vGif wu,frodvdk hajymrdwmyJ/ ol em;vnfygonf/

54
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]atmf 1mmrSawmh rjzpfyg1ml;/ araru pdwfxdcdkufwwfw,fqdkwm a0vGifudk wdk h owday;xm;om;yJ/ tJ'Du


tajumif;u &ifemp&mrymkwfvm; araru owfwm jzwfwmawGqdk &kyf&SifZmwfum;awmif rjunfhwm}
]umrydkifr,m;juD; ikwfwkwf&Sd&ufeJ hazmufjyefwJhrdef;rawG edkif*sD;&D;,m;vdk edkifiHrsdK;rSmom qkd&if tJ'Dtwef;tpm;awG
tukefvHk; ausmufcJxkowfcH&rSm}

]a0vGif]

a0vGifhpdwfu cufxefjurf;wrf;vScsnfvm;/

]wdk hu azmufjyefwmawGudk t&rf;rkef;wmav}

aexdkifusifvnfonfh ywf0ef;usifay:rlwnfjyD; vlwpfa,muf\1m0tjrifrsm;? trSefw&m;tjzpfpGJudkifvdkufaom


tajumif;t&mrsm; uGJjym;jcm;em;wwfonfymk olodxm;ygonf/

]tck a':av;aeaumif;aejyD rymkwfvm;}

]tif;}
]at;av jyD;wmyJ/ aemufudk a':av;a&S hrSm owfwm jzwfwmawG rajymawmhyg1ml;/ pdwfcs/ 'geJ hudkOmPf}

]ymif}
]a':av;u wdk hudk vufxyfawmhrSmvm;vdk har;aew,f/ wdk hu vufxyfrSmvdk h ajzvdkufw,f}

]ymif 1m,fwkef;uvJ}

]udkOmPfoGm;jyD; aemufnyJ}

ol 1mmjyefajym&rSef;rod/ wpfcsuf &,fvdkufrdonf/ ol h&,foHu cyfzGmzGm jzpfaeygvdrhfrnf/

]udkOmPf 1mm&DwmvJ}

]atmf wdk huarar aeaumif;wJhtcsdefxd tcsdef,ljyD;}

]tdk udkOmPfuvJ tdyf&mxJvJaewJhvlrS rymkwf1mJ/ aemufjyD; tckvdk pdwfa0'emqdkwmrsdK;u t&Sif;aysmufzkd hrS


rvG,f1mJ/ tJ'gudk aysmufatmifapmifhae&ifawmh 1m,fawmhrS ,ll&awmhrSm rymkwf1ml;/ udkOmPfvJ tzdk;juD;jzpf wdk hvJ
tzGm;juD;jzpfawmhrSyJ}
]rymkwfao;yg1ml; a0vGif&,f}

]tdk ymkwfygw,f/ 'gyJ wdk hrapmifhcsifawmh1ml;uG,f/ araruawmh ajymw,f/ wdk h vufxyf&if uGef'dkrDeD,rfwpfcef;
vufzGJ hr,fwJh}

a0vGifu r&ifhusufao;onfh urÇmavmu tajumif;em;vnfzkd hvdkaeao;onfh rdef;uav;wpfa,mufom jzpfrSef;


ol 1mmajumifhrsm; arhaecJhygvdrfh/
ol zwfcJhonfh edkif*sD;&D;,ef; pma&;q&m 1mifatmu&d\ A Way of Being Free pmtkyfxJrS pum;vHk;rsm;udk
olowd&oGm;rdonf/

55
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]or®m'dXdqdkwJhpum;vHk;rSm uGsefawmf jrifa,mifvmwmuawmh vlawG ol hwkd hudk,folwdk h 1mmvdk t"dyÜg,fazmf,lovJ


qdkwJhaemufqHk;tqifhxd wdk;wufjyD;oGm;wJh urÇmwpfck} ymk pma&;q&mu a&;onf/

]touf&Sifaexdkifjcif;qdkwm pOfqufrjywf toGifajymif;vJrSK wpfckyg/ t&m&mymm ajymif;vJaew,f/ t&m&mymm


eSdKif;,SOfqufpyfaew,f/ tjuGif;rJhqdkwm r&Sdyg1ml;/ tjuGif;rJh aumif;jrwfrSK r&Sd/ tjuGif;rJh qdk;,kwfrSK r&Sd/ tjuGif;rJh
touf&Sifaexdkifjcif; qdkwm r&Sd/ tjuGif;rJh trSefr&Sd/ trSeftm;vHk;ymm qufoG,ful;ajymif;aygif;pyf a&maeSmjyD;
aexdkifjcif;qdkwm jzpfvmcJhwm/ &SifoefrSKymm t&mtm;vHk;udk t&nftcsif; jznfhay;aew,f} wJh/

***

56
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(15)

tckavmavmq,f cHpm;csufuawmh uGsefr ajumufaew,f/ 1mmudk ajumufaevJqkdawmh ausmufwHk;eJ hypfjyD;


raorcsif;xkowfcH&wJh rdef;rawGudk pdwfxJrSm cPcP jrifjrifaerdvdk h/ uGsefrjzifh 'DvdkpD&ifwmrsdK;&SdreS f; odawmif
rod1ml;/
uGsefrom tJ'Dvdk edkifiHrSmqdk&if uGsefrvJ ausmfwHk;eJ hxkowfcH&rSmvdk hawG;vdkuf&if uGsefr juufoD;awGxjyD;
idkcsifvmawmhw,f/ tJ'Dukvm;rav;crsm tif;av om;uawmh tJ'gukvm;rav; rymkwf1ml;wJh/ 1mmvlrsdK;qdkwkef;yJ/
tJ'Daumifrav;crsm ao&r,fh&ufudk vufcsdK;wGufaecJh&wm/ oluHaumif;w,fvdk hajym&rSmvm;/ ol huav;av;u
edk hpdk ht&G,f rkd hvdk hwJh olao&if uav;'ku©a&mufrSmpdk;vdk huav;edk hjzwfwJht&G,ftxd olaxmifxJrSm ae&w,f/
uav;edk hjzwf&if ol hudk ausmufcJeJ hxkowfrSmwJh/

]rymkwf1ml; rdef;uav; tJ'DpD&ifcsufudk aemufydkif;rSm jyifqifvdkufw,f/ ao'Pfuae tJ'Duav;r


vGwfjidrf;csrf;omcGifh &oGm;w,fav}

]ymkwfvm;ymif}

]ymkwfygw,f/ 'gu ,Ofaus;wJh vl htzGJ htpnf;rSm r&SdoifhawmhwJh pD&ifrSKvdk h tm;vHk;u vufcHaejujyDav/ 'geJ h
ajymygOD;/ tJ'DedkifiHrSmae&&if rif;vJ ausmufwHk;eJ hxkowfcH&rSm vdk h 1mmjzpfvdk hajymwmvJ}

]1mmjzpfvdk hvJqdkawmh armifrif;OmPfav;u em;eJ hrem z0g;eJ hemygq&m/ uGsefrw&m;0if&xm;wJh udk,f0efrymkwfvdk h


aygh/ uGsefrrSm tdrfaxmifr&Sd1ml;/ tdrfaxmifr&Sd1mJeJ h udk,f0ef&cJhwmyg/ uGsefrpdwfylwmu uav;twGufyg/
uGsefruawmh pdwfxdcdkufcJh&jyD;jyD/ 'gawGudk arhypfvdkufzkd h&GmuaevJ xGufajy;cJhjyD;jyD/ 'gayrJh uGsefrom;av;
pdwfqif;&JrSm em;usnf;rSm a'goxGufrSmudkvJ ylae&w,f/
uav; ausmif;aevdk holi,fcsif;awG&wJhtcg tazqdkwJhtajumif;t&mudk odvmrSmyg/ tJ'Dus&if ar;vmvdrfhr,fvdk h
uGsefrodxm;ygw,f/ 1m,fvdk ajz&rvJ pOf;pm;xm;&w,f/
tdkvG,fygw,f/ ol htaz aojyDaygh/ 1mmrsm; cufcJaeOD;rSmvJaygh/ 'gayrJh wu,fwef; om;u tazr&Sd1ml;vm;
taz1m,frSmvJ ar;vma&m/ aojyDvdk hajzzdk hawmfawmf cufygw,f/

1mmjzpfvdk haowmvJvdk hom;u qufar;OD;rSmaygh/ tJ'DusawmhrS 'ku©a&mufrSm/


om;ukd yHkjyifawGxJu ol&Jaumif;awGudk tm;usap&rvm;/ 'gayrJh wdkufyGJ0ifolk&Jaumif; qdkwmu t*Fvdyfacwf
*syefacwfvdk om;wdk hacwfrSm &SdrS&Sdao;&J hvm;/ 'gjzifh ol&Jaumif;rymkwf1mJ ynmeJ htoufarG;wJh ausmif;q&mtjzpf
ol htazudk tm;usap&rvm;/ uGsefrudk pmoifay;zl;wJh ausmif;q&mu wpfa,mufwnf;/ usefwmu
q&mrawGcsnf;yJ/ om;tm;usavmufatmif xifay:ausmfjum;wJh q&mudkvJ uGsefr rod1ml;/}

q&mav;u ajymw,f/

]vdrfw,fnmw,fqdkwm 1mk&m;rjudkuf1ml; 1mk&m;tjudkufyJvkyfyg/ 1mk&m;vrf;pOfudkyJ avSsmufyg} wJh/


ymkwfawmh ymkwfygw,f/ 'gayrJhom;udk trSeftwdkif; ajymzdk htcsdefrusao;1ml;vm;vdk h} uGsefr awG;rdvdk hyg/

57
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

q&mav;uawmh uav;&J htm&HkxJrSm wpfckyJ ,HkjunfygapwJh/ cPaeawmh aemufwpfrsdK;/ aemufcPaeawmh


aemufxyf wpfrsdK;/ tJ'Dvkdqdk&if uav;u udk,fhudk 1m,f ,Hkjunfav;pm;awmhrvJ wJh/
oDv&Sifq&mjuD;u ajymapcsifwJhtwdkif; uGsefrom;udk ol htaztajumif; trSeftwdkif; ajymjyvdkuf&w,f/ 'gayrJh
vdkwdk;ydkavSsmhav;aygh/

omrefvlwpfa,mufyg/ uGsef;xJudkif;xJrSm udkif;tvkyfeJ htoufarG;wJholaygh/


araru 1mmjzpfvdk h'DudkvmwmvJ/ 1mmjzpfvdk htazeJ htwlraewmvJ/
olu ararhudk vufxyfr,l1ml;/ odvm; r*Fvmraqmif1ml;/ 'gajumifh oleJ htwlaevdk h r&1ml;/ 'gajumifh
om;udkarG;zdk harara0;&mudk ajy;&if; 'DoDv&Sifausmif;udk a&mufvmwm/

]'gjzifh tazhemrnfu 1m,folvJarar} wJh/ uav;u ar;ygw,f/


yxrawmh emrnfudk pdwful;,Ofqefqefav; rSnfhac:ay;vdkufrvdk hyJ/ tdk vdrfwm nmwm 1mk&m;rjudkuf1ml;/
uav;u tazudk rjrifzl;&SmayrJh tazemrnfawmh trSeftwdkif; odoifhygw,fvdk hjyefawG;w,f/ 'gayrJh
cPjumawmh pdwfajymif;oGm;jyefw,f/

rxl;awmh1ml;av/ tazu ol hudk,fol tazvdk hac:rcHcsifrSawmh om;u trSeftwdkif; odzdk hvdkaeao;vdk hvm;/
oDv&SifjuD; a':OmPpm&Du uGsefrnmawmhr,fqdkwmudk odaeawmh cyfwnfwnfyJ uGsefrudk apmifhjunfhaew,f/
wu,fawmh q&mav;u uav;tazemrnfudk odrxm;yg1ml;/ uGsefr wpfcgrS rajymzl;yg1ml;/ 'gayrJh
uGsefrajymvdkufwJhemrnfu trSefjzpfrvm; trSm;jzpfrvm;awmh olu tuJcwfedkifrSmaygh/

tdk 1mmjzpfvJ uav;udk tazemrnfajymwJh udpörSmawmh uGsefrajymcsifwJhemrnf ajymcGifh&Sdygw,f/


odyfvnf; jumjumpOf;pm;vdk hrjzpf1ml;/ om;u vlvnfav;rymkwfvm;/ awmfjum tarvdrfzdk hvkyfaewm
ay:oGm;OD;r,f/ rymkwfvm;/

aemufqHk;awmh uGsefr om;udk ajzvdkufw,f/


]om; rif;tazemrnfu OD;pHvS} wJh/

1mmyJjzpfjzpf emrnfwpfck&oGm;awmh om;u aysmfoGm;wmygyJ/

]aym;} ceJatmfawmif &,fvdkufao;/

'gyJ/ tJ'Daemufawmh om;u jyefupm;zdk hjyefajy;xGufoGm;ygw,f/

'gayrJh uGsefrrSmawmh tJ'Dtcsdefu pjyD; om;eJ hywfowfwJh udpöawGrSm tztrnf OD;pHvS vdk hzwf&a&;&wdkif;
eSvHk;om;awG yJhajuGrwwf emusif&ygw,f/

***

58
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(16)

tJ'Dae hnaecif;u r&ef;a&mif/ taemufrdk;aumif;uifu r&ef;a&mif/ ae0ifcsdefudk;/ uGsefr rSwfrdorSsawmh yJyiftyGifh


av;awGuvJ r&ef;a&mif? uGsefrcl;vmwJh c&rf;oD;awGuvnf; r&ef;a&mif/ tdkwpfavmuvHk; r&ef;a&mifoef;aewJh
tcsdefaygh/
uGsefr r&ef;a&mifudk t&rf;rkef;oGm;w,f/

yJvGef;pdkufcif;wpfavSsmuf wl&Gif;awGeJ hajrxJwl; aygif;oifaejuwJh uGsefrwdk htkyfpk aendKcsdefa&mufvdk hjyefjuw,f/


udk,fh,mcif;awGxJu reufaps;oGm;a&mif;r,fh toD;tESHav;awGudk qGwfjucl;ju/ uGsefru &ifhwJhc&rf;oD;awGudk
&SmazGcl;&wmrdk h Al;oD;av; ig;vHk;avmuf cl;jyD;oGm;wJh rcifjrdKifxuawmh aemufuswmaygh/ 'Dawmh tjyefvrf;rSm
uGsefru wpfac:avmuf ta0;rSm usefcJhwm/

uGsefr rajumufyg1ml;/ &GmrSmu vlpdrf;&,fvdk hr&Sd1mJ udk,fhwpf&Gmwnf;om;csif;awGcsnf;/ vlowfrSKr&Sd/ rk'drf;rSKr&Sd/


cdk;0SufrSK&,fvdk hvJr&Sd/ trSKtcif;qdkvdk h&dkufrSKavmufyJ &Sdwm/ aemufjyD; udkif;cif;jyiftaetxm;udkvnf;
junfhprf;ygtHk;/ tjrifhqHk;tyifqdkvdk h cg;omom oa1mFmjuufqlyif usdK;wdk;usJwJ twef;awGyJ&Sdwm/ tm;vHk;u
uGif;jyifcsnf;ygyJ/ raumif;rSKvkyfp&m jcHKcdkvk,ufp&m 1mmtarSmif&dyfrS r&Sd1ml;/
&Gmawmifzsm;u udkpHvSeJ hvrf;rSm qHkw,f/ olu &SdK;eJ hrdk;eJ h/ aiGpav;uvJ awmifhawmh jrdK hyHkpHt0wfawG
0wfwwfw,f/ EGm;judrfvHk;&Snf&Snfudk ymdk&dkuf'D&dkufvkyf pwdkifeJ havSsmuf vm&if; uGsefrudk eSKwfqufw,f/

]1mmawGvJ eSif;rSKef} wJh/

]c&rf;oD;awGawmhf reuf a&eHacsmif;aps;oGm;rvdk h}

]at;at; cifjrdKifwdk hryg1ml;vm;}

]olwdk hjyefeSifhjyD}

]at; rdk;csKyfr,fym cyfoGufoGufav;vSrf;? ajrGyg;uif;yg;eJ h}

]ymkwfuJhyg}

udkpHvS&Sdawmh uGsefr tazmf&wmayghvdk hyJ awG;rdw,f/ olu a&S huae a,musfm;ajcvSrf;eJ hcyfoGufoGufoGm;aecdkuf
uGsefru aemuf1mufrSm/ uef hvef hjzwf aygufaewJh Al;yifEG,fyifawG yJyifEG,fudk cvkyfwdkufvdkuf/
cHkzdeyfuGswfusefvdk h jyefvSnfh ajcaxmufvSsdKvdkuef J haygh/ cyfvSrf;vSrf;a&mufoGm;jyD;rS udkpHvSu pdwfrcsovdk
vSnfhjunfhvSnfhjunfheJ hapmifhaew,f/

]eSif;rSKef eifa&S huoGm;}

59
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]&ygw,f]
]oGm;yg}
uGsefrudk a&S huoGm;eSifhcdkif;jyD;awmh olu aemufu vdkufvmw,f/

]ymkdwpfae hnaeu yJcif;xJrSm ajrGawG hvdk hwJh axG;av;odef;armifwdk hajymaejuw,f/ aemufwpfcgqdk tazmfawGeJ h
twljyef vlrsm;&if ajrGajy;w,f}

]ymkwf}

ajrGudkawmh uGsefr ajumufw,f/ &Gmaq;cef;rSmu ajrGqdyfajzaq;&Sdwm rymkwf1ml;av/


ukdpHvSu O,smOfpdkufysdK;vkyfief;vkyfw,f/ olwdk hjcHu eSif;qDeJ h*E¨rmudk rDatmif 1m,folrS rpdkufedkif1ml;/
oGm;&if;vm&if;u ocGm;cif;wpfckudka&mufawmh tcif;pyfajrjyifrSm tvsm;vdkufoD;aewJh cyfekekwpfvHk;udk awG hawmh
raeedkif1ml;/ acgif;ay:&GufvmwJh c&rf;oD;xkyfudk vufeJ h xdef;&if; 'l;axmufxdkifvdkufjyD; ocGm;oD;udk aumufudkifcsdK;
vdkufrdw,f/ jyD;awmh *GyfceJ udkufpm;vdkufw,f/ ekekav;rdk h csdKvJcsdK rGrGat;at;t&omav; jzpfonf/

pm;ygtHk;vm;vdk hol hudkawmif avmuGwfvkyfvdkufao;w,f/ olu pm; pm;wJh/


cPoGm;rdjuawmh udkpHvSu owd&oGm;ovdk

]ymm arhvdk highrSm ajryJqm;avSmfygw,fym} qkdjyD; uGsefrudk ajryJqm;avSmf auGs;ygw,f/

]ymifhtif; awmfjyD}

]a&mhyg/ toef hyg yvyfpwpfawmif razmuf&ao;1ml;}

uGsefrvufxJ ajryJqm;avSmfxkwfudk ZGwfxnfhay;wm/ uGsefru r,l1ml;qdkjyD; ajryJqm;avSmfxkwfukd ol hvufxJ


jyeftxnfh/ ol hvufawGu uGsefrvufudk xdyHku wpfrsdK;yJvdk hawmhxifw,f/ ajryJqm;avSmfxnfhay;wmxuf
ydkjumjyD; xl;qef;aeawmh uGsefr juufoD;xatmif ajumufoGm;w,f/

1m,fvdkjuD;wkef;/

uGsefr ol hudk tHhjowjuD;armhjunfhonf/

1mmvkyf&rSef;rodvdkufayrJh uGsefr vufudk wtm; &kef;z,fvdkufygw,f/ acgif;ay:u txkyfudk vufwpf1mufu


xdef;xm;&ao;wmrdk hudk,fhvufwpf1mufudk ol hvufjuD;xJu ae vGwfatmif ajcuef&kef;&w,f/ r&awmh uGsefr
wtm;ajumufwmaygh/
]eifav;aer,f/ eifhtxkyfudk igo,fcJhr,fay;} wJh/

udkpHvSjuD;toHu ajymif;oGm;w,f/ raumif;1ml;qdkwmawmh uGsefr odvdkufygw,f/1m,f1mufvufudk &kef;r&vdk h


acgif;ay:u ykqdk;xkyfudk xdef;udkifxm;wJh nm1mufvufudk udk,fhukd,fcE¨mudk umuG,fzkd hjzKwfvTwfvdkuf&w,f/
acgif;ay:u txkyfjyKwfusoGm;awmh ajyavsmhoGm;wJh ykqdk;xkwfxJu c&rf;oD;awG ajrjyifay:rSm jyef husJvdk h/
r&ef;a&mifawG r&ef;a&mifawG/ uGsefr r&ef;a&mifawGudk odyfrkef;wmyJ/
tJ'Dnaecif;u uGsefrtwGuf xdwfvef hwkefvSKyfp&m/

ol uGsefrudk vufxyfr,fvdk hajymw,f/ oleJ hol hrdef;r rpdk;juD;eJ hu odyftqifrajy1ml; qdkvm;yJ/ olajymwJhpum;
av/ 'gayrJh uGsefr ol hudk vufrxyfcsif1ml;/ uGsefr at;ndKudkyJ vufxyfcsifwmav/

60
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

uGsefr cPcP pdwful;,OfwJh uGsefr cspfolu at;ndKyJ/

'gayrJh uGsefr odvdkufygw,f/ uGsefr at;ndKeJ ha0;&jyD/

uGsefr 0rf;enf;vdk hidkrdw,f/

***

61
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(17)

t0ga&miftwdvTrf;aom tcsdefumvwpfckwGif olwdk heSpfa,muf\cspfjcif;tqHk;owfoGm; &vdrfhrnfymk olwpfcgrS


pdwful;rjunfhcJhzl;ay/
tcef;eH&HawGu t0geka&mif/ rSefjywif;cef;qD;awGu t0ga&mifZmvTmjyif/ rSefeH&HjzwfjyD; tjyif1mufudk
vSrf;junfhonfhtcgrSmawmif tjyifavmuu t0ga&mif/ yifvHk;uGswfwGJvGJ qGJyGifhaeaom ika&T0grsm;ta&mif?
ajuGvkqJqJ t0ga&mifopf&Gufrsm;? atmufajcajrjyifrSm awmh wpfxyfjyD;wpfxyf t0ga&mif&GufajuGrsm;/

]udk,f a0vGifhudk vufxyfzkd hrjzpfedkif1ml;}

onfvdkpum;rsdK; ajymrdoGm;vdrfhrnfymk 1m,fvdkrS rxif&aomtajctaewpfckrSmrS tJonfvdk ajymrdoGm;cJh\/


tdyfcef;oHk;cef;ygaom t0ga&mifwdkufcef;udk vSnfhywfjunfhaepOfuawmh eSpfa,mufvHk; &ifckefjunfEl;vsuf/

]uJ av;&mh&Spfq,fwef wdkufcef;wpfckawmh &jyD/ eSpf&mausmfwefum;av;awmh udkOmPf wm0ef,lrS jzpfr,faemf}

a0vGifu povdk aemufovdk twnfajymawmh oloufjyif;csvdkufao;onf/

]1mmvJ a0vGifu udk,fhrSm um;r&Sd&if udk,fhudk r,ledkif1ml;vm;} ymk ar;vdkufao;onf/

xdk haemuf
1m,fvdkpjyD; a0vGifhudk erf;rdoGm;ygvdrfh/
a0vGif 0&HwmrSm rwfwwf&yfvdkufonfhtcsdefu pcJhonf/
a0vGifhwpfudk,fvHk;u t0ga&mifykd;xnfwpfpjzpfaecJhonf/ avjzifh wvGifhvGifhvSKyfcwfaeaom t0ga&mifav;/

]a0vGif txJ0if/ q,fhwpfxyfaemf/ rl;rdkufjyD; jyKwfusoGm;r,f/ vmyg}

wcpfcpf&,faeaom a0vGifhudk aemuf1mufuae ayG hzufjyD; qGJ,lvdkufrdaomtcg a0vGifh qDuae wpfvufr


rSsawmif ra0;uGmvkdawmhay/ tuFs DwpfvTmpmav;awmif ra0;csifawmhrSef; udk,fhudk,fudk txdwfwvef hodoGm;
onf/ ryefpzl; yefxm;onfh &dk;wH&Snf&Snf eSif;qD0gav; qHyifxufrS avSsmusoGm;onf/

onfuae hrSyJ a0vGifonf cgwdkif;vdk *sif;om;csnfxnf jurf;jurf;puwfawG a1mmif;1mDawG r0wfvm1mJ ydk;om;vdk


El;nHhaysmhtdonfh yg;vSyfvSyf0wfpHkyGyGav;udk 0wfxm;cJhygvm;/

]a0vGif}
t0ga&mifudk z,fvdkufawmh tjzLa&mif/

a0vGifhykcHk;om;av;awGu wif;rGwfjzL0if;um El;nHhaEG;axG;aeonf/ vnfukyfuav;uvnf; aEG;aEG;/ qGJjudk;rSsifrSsif


av;wpfckom ol heSKwfcrf;rSm at;pufpufav;awG h&onf/ ol hvnfyif;udk cdkwG,faeaom a0vGifhvufuav; awGudk

62
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

olqGJz,fzkd hudkifvdkufaomfvnf; qGJrz,fedkif1mJ ol hyg;rSm uyfxm;vdkufrdonf/ ol h rsufeSmudk yg;vTmonfh


t0ga&mifav;wpfckvmxdonf/ jurf;cif;ygau;t0ga&mifqDodk h ol hudk,fcE¨m wjznf;jznf; wdk;uyfoGm;onf/

t0ga&mifay:rSm aemufxyft0ga&mif

aemufxyf t0ga&mif/

]a0vGif}

wkefcdkufonfha0vGifh&,foH wdk;wdk;av;atmufrSm ol hwpfudk,fvHk; aEG;ylvmonf/ a0vGifheSvHk;ckefoHudk tus,fjuD;


oljum;&onf/
]udkOmPfhudk cspfw,f/ qHjcnfrSsif aoG;ajumav;awGxJu aoG;aygufav;awGuae cspfwm}

a0vGifu wdk;wdk;av; ol hem;em;rSm uyfjyD; wpfvHk;csif; ajymonf/ xdkpum;oHav;\&ufa&maom ay;qyfrSKudk


olem;vnfonf/ ymkwfw,f/ udk,fvJ twlwlyJ/ udk,fhaoG;ajumrSsifawGu udk,fhaoG;ajumrSsifawG rymkwfawmh1ml;/
rGwfodyfwrf;w&jcif;\ t&omudk ol yxrOD;qHk; tjudrfcHpm;vdkuf&jcif; jzpfonf/

rjzpf1ml;/ 1m,fvdkrS rjzpfoifhyg1ml;/

jynfhpHkvSjyDymkk xifav ydkvdktyfrSef;odav/ ydkrGwfodyfav/


xdktcsdefrSmyif rdcif\EGrf;azsmhaom pum;oHudk em;xJrSm jum;vdkuf&onf/

]om;&Jhudk,f0ef&vmawmh &GmeJ ha0;&mudk ajy;xGufvmcJh&wmaygh}

olu vufxyfr,l1mJ tarhqDrSm oaE¨wnfvmwJh om;uav;/

rjzpfoifhyg1ml;/
]a0vGif udk,fa0vGifhudk vufxyfzkd hrjzpfedkif1ml;}

onfvdk tcsdefrsdK;rSm ajymjzpfvdrfhrnfymk oludk,fwdkif arSsmfvifhrxm;aom pum;jzpfonf/

onfpum;udkrS rajymjzpfvSsif aemufajumif;jyefvSnfhzdk hrjzpfedkifawmhaom e,fy,fopfwpfckodk hola&mufoGm;awmh


rSmrdk hjzpfonf/

t0ga&mifonf ol htwGuf uHraumif;1ml;ymk arar cPcPajymwm tckawmh ol,Hkvdkuf&jyD/


xkdpum; wpfcGef; \aemufrSmawmh t&m&monf yljyif;avmifjrdKufpGm wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif at;pufwif;rmpGm
jyD;qHk;oGm;awmhonf/
a0vGif idkvdrfhrnfymk puúef haygif;rsm;pGm olawG;jyD;pdwfav;aecJhayr,fh a0vGifridk/ rsuf&nf&Tef;pdkaom rsuf0ef;rsm;u
emusnf;rSKjzifh rmausmaeonfudk jrif&awmh tidkrsuf0ef;wdk hxufyif ydkemusifp&maumif;vSonfymk olodoGm;\/

]vufxyfzkd hudpö ,ltifwifwifjzpfaewm wdk hodygw,f/ wpfcsdefcsdefrSm vufrxyfawmh1ml;vdk hrsm; ,lajymvmrvm;


vdk hcPcP awG;awG;ajumufajumufcJhzl;w,f/ 'gayrJh tJ'Dpum;udk aymm'Dtcef;xJrSm jum;&vdrhfr,fvkd hawmh
wpfcgrS rawG;cJhrd1ml;/ txl;ojzifh tckvdktajctaersdK;rSm}

a0vGifhpum;oHu wkefcgjyD; jywfawmufoGm;onf/

63
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]a0vGif}
ol h&ifxJrSm pl;pl;&S&S emusifvm\/

]rdef;uav;wpfa,mufu 1m0wpfckvHk;yHktyfzdk htqifhoifhjzpfoGm;wJh tckvdk tcsdefumvrsdK;rSmrS tJ'Dpum;udk


ajymxGufcJhwm 1m,favmufrsm;ajymifajrmufvdkufwJh tpDtpOfvJ}

olwkefvSKyfpGm a0vGifhudk ai;junfhaerdonf/

emusnf;rSKjzifh eDjref;aom yg;jyifav;rsm;udk vufzsm;jzifhxdjyD; acsmharmh &Sif;jyvdkufcsifonf/

]wdk ha0vGifhudk cspfw,f/ 'gayrJh t&m&mudk ausmfvGefjyD; tcspfaemufudk wdk h rvdkufedkifao;1ml;}

]tdk}
a0vGif qwfqwfcgatmif emusifoGm;yHk&onf/

ol hrsufeSmudk pdrf;pdrf;junhfvsuf ol hrsufeSmudk vufjzifhvTJ&dkufcsvdkufavonf/ ol ra&Smifyg/ onfhxufru


emusifapzdk haumif;ygonf/

]cspfolu vufrxyfedkif1ml;vdk hjiif;y,fcHvdkuf&wJh rdef;rwpfa,mufrSm tajumif;jycsuf qdkwm 'Pf&may:xyfqifh


usvmwJh "g;csuftopfyJ/ 1m,fawmhrS 1mmqifajcrS ray;eJ h}

xkd haemuf a0vGif vSnfhxGufoGm;onf/ eSif;qDyGifh0gav;udk wufeif;rdoGm;onf/

eSif;qD0gav;udk eSajrmwopGm aumufjyD;aemuf a0vGifhaemufrSm ol usef&pfcJhonf/

udk,fymm ysm;ydwkef;rymkwf1ml;/ vdyfjymrymkwf1ml;/ rif;yef;yGifhav;ay:rSm cPwm em;cdkrdoGm;wJh &GufajuGwpfckyJ/


'gajumifh udk,fhtcspfymm trSm;wpfck? 0efxkyfwpfckom jzpfygw,f/

***

64
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(18)

eDwdeSifh juD;jyifcJh&ol wpfa,mufrdk haewmxdkifwm jyKrlwmtm;vHk; eDwdusifh0wfpHawGeSifh csnf; wdkif;wmrdojzifh ol h


1m0onf a1mmifusOf;juyfcJhygonf/
ol h1m0\yxrqHk; rSwfrdaeaom pmtkyfudku q,fapmifwGJ rymkwfvm;/
ol rSwfrdaeonf/

]om; a&mh? om;zwfzkd hom;i,fi,fuav;uwnf;u arar 0,fodrf;xm;wJh pmtkyf}

araru ol htm; xdkpmtkyfjuD; xkyfay;onfhtcsdefrSm ol 'kwd,wef;atmifjyD; wwd,wef; wufonfhtcsdef/


arharhaowåmxJrS xkwfvmaom pmtkyfudk oljunfhjyD;aemuf vef hoGm; onf/

]1mmom pm&dwå aumif;rGefrSKeSifh vdr®m,Ofaus;rSKtajccH jzpfonf} ymlaom yHkeSdyfpmvHk;rsm;onf ol hudk ajcmufvSef h


aejuonf/ olvdr®mcsifygonf/ yifyef;aom ararhudk ol hajumifh pdwfcsrf;omapcsifojzifh olvdr®mrS jzpfrnfymk
olodygonf/

ol xdkpmtkyfudk udkifjunfhvdkufonf/

rm&fewfudk atmifawmfrlcef; em|m*D&dqifudk atmifjrifawmfrlcef;/ a&mifpHkyef;csDawGeSihf rdk h olpdwf0ifpm;oGm;onf/


twGif;odk hcyf&Syf&Syf vSefavSmjunfhonf/
tJonfrSm olredkif0efjuD; wpffckudk oGm;awG honf/
rdrd em;rvnfaom eSpfvHk;qifh pmvHk;awG/ oljudk;pm;zwfjunfhawmhvnf; olrodonfh eSpfvHk;qifhpmvHk;awGrygonfh
ae&mr&Sd/

]zwfr,f rymkwfvm; om;]

]tif;]
ol xdkpmtkyfudk tdyf&ma1m;rSm csxm;aomfvnf; vHk;0 aumufudkifrzwfawmhwm pwkw¬wef;txd/
wu,fawmh ol hudk pmzwf0goemtpysdK;ay;vdkufonfu wpfywfwpfcg xGufaom a&TaoG;&kyfpHkpmtkyfjzpf\/
a&TaoG;&kyfpHku wpftkyfvHk; ta&mifpHk/ wpfajumif;qG yef;csDawGu cspfp&m aumif;onf/ vltdkjuD;awGuvnf;
cspfp&m? yef;yifawGuvnf; cspfp&m? &dk;om;olawGuvnf; cspfp&m? yef;yifawG opfyifawGuvnf; cspfp&m? wdrfawG
awmifawGuvnf; cspfp&maumif;onf/

yxrqHk; pzwfrdonfh a&TaoG;upjyD; ol pmzwfzdk htvGefpdwfygoGm;awmhonf/ wpfywfwpfcg a&TaoG;xGufonfh


aomjumae hwdkif; ol zwf&rS/ rzwf&vSsif xrif;pm; &wmvnf; wpfckck vdkaeovdk? n0wf&Gwf&wmvnf;
pdwfrygovdkvdk tdyfaysmfpOfrSmawmif tdyfrufxJrSm a&TaoG;pmtkyfudk rufaewwfonftxd jzpfonf/
a&TaoG;zwf&muae wpfqifheSpfqifhavmufwufjyD; yHkrygonfh pmawGudk zwfedkifjyD;awmhrS q,fapmifwGJudk cyfvef h

65
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

vef heSifh aumufudkifjzpfonf/ odk haomf &ufydkif;twGif;rSmyif q,fapmifwGJ pmtkyfxJu pmawGudk em;vnfedkifzdk h
zwf&wmvG,fulapzdk hvSsdK h0Sufcsufudk odoGm;onf/

ododcsif; ol ararhqD ajy;oGm;onf/ ararhudk rSwfpkxkwf&ef pmtkyfwpftkyf 0,fcdkif;jcif; jzpfonf/ ol vdkcsifwmu


&dk;&dk;Avmpmtkyf rymkwfajumif; taeSmifhrSm t0wfjzifh zHk;xm;aom uwfxlzHk;csKyfpmtkyf tacsmjzpfajumif;
aoaocsmcsm &Sif;jyonf/

]eifh ymmu 1mmvkyfzdk h'Davmufawmif tzdk;wefwJh pmtkyfrsdK;udk vdkcsifwmvJ}

]uGsefawmf q,fapmifwGJpmtkyfxJu avmueDwdudk zwfrvdk harar]

ymk juD;juD;us,fus,f ajzvdkufonf/

araru ol hudk tvdkvdkufygonf/ wpf&ufeSpf&ufyJ jumonf/ tjymeka&mif uwfxlzHk;pmtkyfav;wpftkyfay;onf/


olxdkpmtkyfav;udk tvGefoa1mmus\/ pmtkyfudk &&csif; avmueDwdudk olul;avonf/
avmueDwdwGif wpfae&mrSm yg|dvdk azmfjyxm;jyD; aemufwpfae&mwGif teufjyefqdkay;xm;onf rSef\/ odk haomf
xdkteufwGif yg|dpum;vHk;awG xyfygaeao;onf/

okworÜaEém? okweSifh jynhfpHkaom ? y@dawm? ynm&Sdonf? ,wå tjuift&yfü tw¬Dwd &Sd\ ymlí apokawm?
tu,fíjum;jim;tHh? wHXmeH? xdkt&yfodk h? okawodem? okwudk &Smaom trsdK;aumif;om;onf? rymkómayme?
onf;pGmtm;xkwfojzifh? *EÅAH0? oGm;&momvSsifuwnf; ymlaom pmydk'fwGif olonf ol hrsufpdwGif cufcJ&SKyfaxG;
aeaom yg|dpmvHk;rsm;udk csefvSyfjyD; jrefrmpmawGudkcsnf; aoaooyfoyf judk;pm;vsuf a&G;ul;oGm;onf/
xkdtcg olrSwfpkü olul;jyD;aom pmonf tckvdk &Sif;vif;oGm;onf/

]okweSifh jynfhpHkaom ynm&Sdonf tjuift&yfü&Sd\ ymlí tu,fí jum;jim;tHh/ xkdt&yfudk okwudk &Smaom
trsdK;aumif;om;onf onf;pGm tm;xkwfojzifh oGm;&mom vSsif uwnf;}

xkdpmydk'fwdk hudk ol pdwf0ifpm;edkifvm\/ zwfjunfhaomtcg rSwfp&mawG rsm;vSonfymk olodvm\/ xkd haemuf


q,fapmifwGJpmtkyfonf avmueDwdajumifhyif ol htwGuf t1md"mefozG,f tm;udk;tm;xm;jyK&m pmtkyfjzpfvmonf/
cspfom;wdk htwwfynmoifukefavmh/ t1m,fajumifh ysif;1mdoenf;/ cspfom;wdk h ae hwkdif; ae hwdkif; twwfynm
oifukefavmh/ twwfynmr&Sdaomolonf ol\0efxrf; jzpfwwf\/ twwfynm &Sdaomoludk avmuü
olwpfyg;wdk hylaZmftyf\/

ol ysif;csifcsif jzpfvmvSsif xkdpmydk'fudk zwfjyD; ol hudk,fol tm;ay;&\/


ightaru twwfynm r&Sdvdk hoDv&Sif ausmif;rSm oef h&Sif;a&;a&m toD;t&Guf cl;a&mif;wma&m rem;rae
tvkyfvkyf&w,f/ iguyg ysif;ae&if arara&m iga&m olrsm; rsufeSmjunfhae&wJh 1m0uae 1m,fvGwfawmhrvJ/
igpmjudk;pm;rS igpmawmfrS jzpfr,f/

rif;OmPfonf ausmif;wufonfht&G,fwGif oli,fcsif;ymlí odyfr&SdcJhay/ olrsm; rkef h 0,fpm;edkifcsdefwGif olu rkef h


0,frpm;edkif/ arar ay;vdkufaom toD;av;awGudkom pm;&onf/ xdk hajumifh olrkef hqdkifawG 1mmawG roGm;ay/
twef;xJrSm pmnHhaom aumifav;wpfa,muf &Sd\/ olu pmnHhaomfvnf; ay;urf;jyD;aygif;oif;wwfaomajumifh
rkef hpm;ausmif;qif;csdefqkdvSsif ol ha1m;rSm oli,fcsif;awG 0dkif;aewwfonf/

upm;uGif;xJrSm upm;&if; oli,fcsif;awG wdk;zdk hrjzpfedkif/ olu pmusufrSwf&mwGif t&nftcsif; jynfhoavmuf

66
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

upm;&mwGif nHhzsif;\/ om;a&uGif;ypfjcif; zef'dk;xkjcif;wdk hü olnHhzsif;ygonf/ xkd hajumifh xkdupm;enf;wkd hudk


ola&Smifonf/ xkd hajumifh ol hrSm oli,fcsif; &Sm;&Sm;vmonf/

txl;ojzifh ol0rf;enf;&onfu oltvGefeSpfoufaom a1mmvHk;upm;yGJwGif olrsufeSmi,f&jcif;udk jzpfonf/


olu upm;&mwGif yg&rDrygolrdk ha1mmvHk;upm;onfhae&mwGif rxl;cGsefyg/ olrsm;vdk a1mmvHk;udk ajcjzifh xdwdk h
vSnfhywf qGJ,l rajy;edkifyg/ olut&yf&Snfojzifh tajy;jrefwmwpfckyJ &Sdonf/ rxdef;wwfvSsif t&mrxif/ xkd h
ajumifh upm;zkd h toif;eSpfoif;tjzpf vla&G;onfhtcg olu olrsm;vdkcsifonfhwefzdk;&Sdol jzpfrvm/ vllrjynfhvkd h
,l&onfh tydktjznfhvlom jzpfonf/

olvl&m0ifcsifonf/ ol 1m,fvdkvkyf&yghrvJ/

ol hrSm rcHcsifpdwfawmh &Sdonf/ a1mmvHk;udk vSnfhywf,liif rajy;wwfaomfvnf; wnfhwnfhrwfrwf


*dk;oGif;uefekdifolawmh jzpfedkifacs&Sdonf/ avhusifhjcif;jzifh &edkifonf/

rif;OmPf ararhudk ylqm&jyefonf/

]arar uGsefawmfhudk a1mmfvHk;wpfvHk; 0,fay;yg}

arar a1mmvHk;0,fzkd hydkufqH 1m,fvdkcufcufcJcJ &Smvdkuf&ovJ olroday/ a1mmvHk;0,fay;onfhae hu olodyfaysmf


oGm;cJhonf/ a1mmvHk;udk ol rem;rae tuefusifh\/
aemufqHk;awmh olonf a1mmvHk;udk rvGJracsmf vdk&ma&mufatmif cyfjyif;jyif; uefedkifonftxd wdk;wufvmcJhonf/
xkdtcg a1mmvHk;upm;&mwGif ol hudk toif;wGif yg0ifapzkd ha&G;cs,fcHvm&onf/ rsufeSm&vmonf/1m,ft&mrqdk
avhusifh&ifawmh &wmcsnf;ygyJ ymk ol aumufcsufcswwfvmonf/ xkduJhodk haumufcsufcswwfzkd hol hudk
wGef;tm;ay;vdkufaomt&mrSm a1mmvHk;eSifhtwl pmtkyfawGvnf; yg\/ t"du pmtkyfuawmh ausmif;tkyfq&mjuD;
OD;csrf;at; tdrfrS oliSm;zwfaom cyfyg;yg; pmtkyfuav; jzpfonf/

"r®du OD;1moef; 1mmomjyefonfh a,meoHpifa&mf/

rif;OmPfonf ol hudk,fol olrsm;eSifhrwl1ml;ymk owdxm;rdaecJhonf/ olrsm;aqmhupm;csdefwGif pmtkyfawGyJ


xdkifzwfaeaom uav;/ olrsm; rkef h0,fpm;csdefwGif rpm;1mJ aeaom uav;/ olrsm; tyifawGay:cdk;wufjyD;
toD;cdk;vSsif ryg1mJ a1m;xGufaeaomuav;/ yxrawmh olrsm;eSifh rwl1mJ oD;oef hjzpfaewmudk oltm;i,fonf/
odk haomf a,meoHpifa&mfudk zwfjyD;onfhtcgü olrsm;eSifhrwl&jcif;udk tm;i,fp&mymk rjrifawmhay/ olrsm;eSifh
rwlayrJh oD;oef ht&nftcsif;wpfrsdK;pD &Sdwwfonf/ xkdt&nftcsif;udk toHk;csjyD; avmu\
aumif;usdK;aqmif&GufvSsif 1mmajumifh rjzpfedkif&rvJ/

eDwdeSifh juD;jyif;&aomolonf usifh0wfeSifh touf&SifjyD; trsm;udk aumif;usdK;jyKol jzpfcsif\/ trsm;udk ulnDzkd h


qdkvSsiftrsm;udkaumif;usdK;jyKol jzpfcsif\/ trsm;udkulnDzdk hqdkvSsifrdrdudk,fwdkifujynfhpHkrSjzpfrnfymkvnf; odygonf/
olonf rdcif\cspfjcif;arwåmtay: vHk;0oHo,r&Sd tm;udk; ,Hkjunfyg\/ odk haomf 1m0\jynfhpHkrSK vHkjcHKrSKtwGuf
cspfjcif;arwåmwpfckwnf;udk tm;udk;vkd hawmh r&1ml;ymk olxifonf/ ynmeSifhowdvnf; vdkonf/ araronf ol h
tay: cspfjcif;tjynfh jzpfaomfvnf; ynmeSifhowdawmh r&Sday/ xkd hajumifh xdkvdktyfcsufrsm;udk olu pmtkyfawGxJrS
&SmazGonf/ toufjuD;vmaomtcg rdcifudk olu jyefvnf apmifha&Smifhedkifonftxd ynmeSifh jynfhpHkrS jzpfrnf/ 'gu
ol\1m0&nfrSef;csuf jzpfonf/

q,fwef;udk *kPfxl;av;1mmomeSifh atmifjrifawmh rdcifonf &dk;&dk;wef;wef; aysmf&Tifum*kPf,l0ifhjuGm;&Hkomru ol h


tdyfrufudk vlyHktv,fwGif jyefazmfvdkufao;\/

67
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]uGsefr odjyD;om; av,mOfysHjuD;udk tdyfrufrufuwnf;u uGsefrom;u eS,feS,f&& rymkwf1ml;vdk h}

arar 0rf;omauseyfaeonfudk junfhjyD; olaysmfygonf/ odk haomf xdktcsdefupjyD; rdcifeSifh ol\uGJjym;qef husifonfh
y#dyu©udk olowdxm;rdvmcJhonf/
araronf ol txifjuD;av;pm;csifonfh rdcifrsdK; rymkwfcJh/ 1m,fawmhrSvnf; jzpfvmrSm rymkwf/ araronf
ynmOmPfenf;olom jzpfaecJhonf/ 1m,fpum;udk ajymvSsif wnfjunfonf/ 1m,fpum;udk ajymvSsif
vlav;pm;rnfymk ararrod/ ararrodwmudk olu &Sif;jyzkd hjudk;pm;onfhtcg araruem;axmifygonf/ odk haomf
em;rvnf/ em;vnf csifa,mif aqmifaewmom jzpfonf/

ol hudk araru teD;tem;rSmyJ wuúodkvfwufapcsifonf/ olu q&m0eftaeeSifh vlxkusef;rma&;qdkif&m ynm&Sif


jzpfcsifonf/ jyóemu ol hudk q&m0efjzpfatmif ynmoifay;zkd harar rwwfedkifrSef; olodxm;onf/ xkd hajumifh
wuúodkvf rwuf&rDtcsdefuwnf;u ol &efukefodk hoGm;jyd; tvkyfvkyfrnfymk ararhudk cGifhawmif;onf/ araru ol h
udk cGifhray;/ rjum;aumif;aom pum;udk jum;vdkuf&ovdkyif xdwfxdwfysmysm jzpfoGm;onf/

]tvkyfoGm;vkyfr,f ymkwfvm;/ rjzpfedkifwm/ om;toufu q,fhajcmufeSpfyJ &Sdao;wm/ arar pdwfrcsyg1ml;/


aq;wuúodkvfodk hwufrnfh ausmif;pm&dwfudk ol&Sm&rnf/ odk haomf araruawmh olyJ tvkyfwdk;vkyf&rnfymk
qkdonf/
]wvGwfrsufacgifrSm ararom;udk 1m,fvdkrS pdwfrcsekdif1ml;/ udk,fht0wfawmif udk,fpifatmif ravSSsmfwwfao;wJh
uav;/ ararh&iftkyfruGmxm;&OD;r,fh uav;ygym,f}

ol ararhudk em;vnfatmif &Sif;jyzdk havmueDwda&m avmuom&ysdK ha&m rusefatmif xkwfoHk;&onf/


]avmuü &Gm\tusdK;iSm trsdK;udk pGef h&m\/ Zeyk'f/ tusdK;iSm &Gmudk pGef h&m\/ rdrd\tusdK;iSm ajrtvHk;udk pGef h
&m\ wJharar/ ajrudkawmif pGef h&ao;wm/ uGsefawmfoGm;&rJhvrf;u 'DrSm r&Sd1ml;}

araru txl;tqef;pum;wdk hudk om;xHrS jum;&ojzifh wkefvSKyfaeawmhonf/

]rif;u 1m,ftcsdefuwnf;u tarudk cGJxm;cJhzdk hjuHpnfaewmvJ}


rdcifu ol hudk&efawG hpGyfpGJawmhonf/
ol hudk wm;jrpfzkd hwjcm;enf;redkifvSsif rdcifoHk;pGJjrJjzpfaomenf;rSm ol hudk 1m,favmufawmif 'ku©cHauGs;arG;jyKpk
vm&onfudk xyfcg xyfcg jyefajymjyjcif; yif/

]ig udk;vvG,f q,fvarG;&wJh igh&ifeSpfonf;csmudk OmPfynmeJ hjynfhpHkatmif igtepfemcHjyD; yef;ysdK;ovdk


ysdK;axmifcJhwm tckvdk igh&ifudk ajcpHkuefjyD; xGufoGm;zdk hjzpfae yga&mvm;}

]aymmAsm arar? 1m,folu ararhudk ajcpHkuefaevdk hvJ}


olu ynmoifjum;jcif;\ oa1mmudk ararem;vnfatmif &Sif;jy&onf/ olvdkcsifaom ynm&yfonf jynfjrdK hrSm
r&Sd/ &efukefrSmyJ &Sdonf/ aemufjyD; xkdynmu aps;juD;onf/ tcsdefumv jum&Snfatmif oif&rnf/ ararhudk
cPawmh cGJ&rnf/ odk haomf rjumcP jyefvmrnf/

araru tifwifwif jzpfaeqJ/


]om;udk araru rcGJedkif1ml;av/ ararvdkufvmaevdk h&wJhae&mvJ rymkwf1ml;}
]arar tJ'DavmufjuD; om;tay:rSm rwG,fwmeJ hav avmurSmu 1m,ft&mrS rwnfjrJ1ml;/ 1m,ft&mudkrS
udk,frydkifqdkif1ml;}
ol wwfoa&G hazsmif;zsonfhtcg av;wef;txdom pmoif&aom araru t"dyÜm,fudk jrifavonf/

68
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]tHr,f 1mmvJ rif;OmPf eifhudk igrydkif1ml;vdk hajymcsifwmvm;/ igydkifw,f/ tck roGm;eJ h qdk eifroGm;&1ml;}
olacgif;wpfcsuf ukwfvsuf 1mGm;oDvudkyJ ajy;ac:&rvm; tjuHxkwfonf/ odk haomf 'Dtcsdefu 1mGm;oDvwkd h
pm0gcsonfh oifwef;tcsdef/ ol ymdkjunfhonfjunfhjzifh ol pmtkyfpifrSm &Sdaom pmtkyfwdk hudk jrifonf/ pmtkyfawG
xJrSm olzwfzl;aom pmwdk hjzifh ararhudk em;0ifatmif ajymedkifrvm;ymk tm;udk;rdonf/

]arar ynm&SdawGa&;wJh pmawGudk uGsefawmfwdk htav;xm;&rSm rymkwfvm; arar}


araru 'Daumif 1mmawG OmPfrsm;OD;rvJymk owdxm;onfh tjunfhjzifh cyfapGapG junfhae\/

]ynm&SdawGu a&;wJhpmawG trsm;jud;yJ uGsefawmfararhudk zwfjyr,f]

cgvd*sD1m&ef\ ya&mzufudk "r®du OD;1moef; 1mmomjyefaom ]eSKwfaumif;cGef;jrdef okcrdef} udk udk;um;jyonf/


cgvd*sd1m&ef\'óepmwdk hudk oltvGefeSpfoufonf/ tawG;tac:t,ltqwdk hjzifh jynfhpHkaom oltjzpfudk
olvdkcsifonf/

]arar em;axmif 'DrSm om;zwfjyr,faemf/ vGefcJhwJh eSpfaygif;axmifausmfu ajymcJhwJh ynm&Sdokcrdef&J hpum;}


vlu q,fhajcmufeSpfrdk htawG htjuHku tarudk rrDedkifonfhtcg tar rodedkifonfh juD;us,faom pmudk &Gwfjy\/
]wpfcgwkef;u ol hZmwd&yfajrudk jyefzdk hatmfzmpfqdyfurf;rSm q,fheSpfeSpfwdwd oa1mFmapmifhaewJh ynm&Sd
okcrdefwpfa,mufymm oa1mFma&mufvmvdk hjyef&awmhr,fqdkawmh ol htawG;tac:awG ol htodynmawGudk rSsa0cJhzkd h
vlawGu awmif;qdkowJh/ 'gajumifh vlawGu ar;wJh ar;cGef;awGudk ol pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf ajzay;cJhw,f/ tJ'DxJrSm
avmujuD;&J htusdK;awG? pdwfaepdwfxm;? vdkufem&ef eDwdawG tukefygwmaygh/ tck ararhudk uGsefawmf zwfjyrJh
pmydk'fu uav;av; ayG hcsDxm;wJh rdef;rwpfa,muf a&mufvmjyD; uGsefrudk uav;awG tajumif; ajymjyygvdk h
awmif;qdkvdk hynm&Sdokcrdefu ajymwJhpum;awG arar}

ararhtm; pmtkyfxJrS pmajumif;awGudk vufeSifh axmufjyvdkufonf/

]rif;&J huav;awGymm rif;&J huav;awG rymkwf1ml;/ olwdk hymm 1m0&J hudk,fwdkifrGwfodyfrSK &J hom;awG orD;awGyJ
jzpfw,f/
]rif;udk,fcE¨mxJuae jzwfjyD; olwkd hvl havmuxJudk a&mufvmjuw,f/ 'gayrJh tJ'g rif;qDuae a&mufvmwm
rymkwf1ml;/
]aemufjyD; rif;eJ htwl olwdk h&SdaeayrJh olwdk hudk rif;rydkif1ml;}

]1mmajymw,f]

araru olodyfem;rvnfaom pmydk'frsm;rSm rsufcHk;&SHK hjyD; tm&Hkpdkufem;axmifaecJhaomfvnf; olem;vnfonfh


pmydk'fusawmh jyL;jyL;jymjym jzpfoGm;onf/

rif;OmPf ararhudk juifemoem;ygonf/ odk haomf ararhudk wG,fwmrSKjzifh ylavmifruGsrf;apcsif/


]arar om;orD;udk udk,frydkif1ml;qdkwm Ak'¨aymmcJhwJh w&m;/ 'g topftqef; rymkwf1ml;av}

ararrSm ydkifpdk;vdkonfh pdwfrsm;vSonf/

]arar em;axmiftHk; 'DrSm 'Dpum;av;u odyfvSwm/ oifu olwdk hudk cspfjcif; arwåmudk ay;tyfedkifvdrfhr,f/ 'gayrJh
oifhtawG;awGudk ray;ekdif/ olwdk hrSm olwdk hudk,fydkif tawG;awG &Sdaeaomajumihf/

]oif olwdk h\tdrfawGudk aqmufay;ekdifvdrfhrnf/ okd haomf olwkd hemrf0dOmOfawGudk aqmufray;ekdif/ tajumif;rSm

69
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

olwdk h\0dOmOfwkd honf reufjzef\ tdrfxJrSm a&muf&Sdaeaomajumifh/ olwdk h\tdrfudkvnf; oifu oGm;a&muf
vnfywfzkd h rjzpfedkif&Hkomru tdyfrufxJawmif rvnfywfedkifaomajumifhwJh}

arar wjznf;jznf; rsufeSm ysufvmonf/

]olwdk heJ hwlatmif oifjudk;pm;tm;xkwfaumif; tm;xkwfvdrfhrnf/ okd haomf olwdk hudk oifeSifhwlatmif jyKvkyfzkd hawmh
rjzpfedkif/ 1m0qdkonfrSm aemufjyefvnf; roGm;? rae hu qDodk hvnf; roGm;aomajumifh jzpfonf/
]oifhudk,fcE¨monf ouf&Sdjrm;rsm; jzpfaom om;orD;wdk hudk a&S hudk ypfvTwfxkwfay;&onfh av;wpfckom}

xkdae hu arar rsuf&nfusavonf/

ol h1m0wGif ynmudk t"du OD;pm;ay;&SmazGrnf/ juHkvmrnfh vlyk*¾dKvfawGxJrSmawmh arar yxrOD;pm;ay;yg/


ararh rsuf&nfudk junfh&if; ol qHk;jzwfcsuf csvdkufonf/

***

70
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(19)

ol h1m0\wHcg;wpfcsyfudktjyD;tydkifydwfvdkuf&vdk hvm;rod/ararh1m0xJrSydwfxm;aomwHcg;wpfcsyfuyGifhoGm;cJhonf/

]arar ararh&Gmudkod&if t1mGm;qDoGm;r,fqdk}

araru rsufarSmifjuKwfpOf;pm;onf/

]1mm&GmwJhvJ &SmawG hjyDvm;}

]usrf;udkifuGsef;wJh}
]at; ymkwfw,f om; 1m,fvdkodovJ}

]q&mjuD;u ajymwm/ jrdK huawmh vG,foGm;ygjyD/ jrefrmjynfrSm a&eHwGif;awG &SdwJhae&mu vufcsdK;a&vdk h&w,f/
acsmuf? a&eHacsmif;? rif;1ml;? jrefatmif tdk uGsefawmf tifwmeufuae &Smjunfhr,f/ od&if uGsefawmf we*FaEGeJ h
aygif;jyD; cGifhoHk;&uf ,lvdkufr,f/ oGm;&atmif}

ararhjunfh&onfrSm pdwfxufoefrSK r&Sdovdkvdk/ ararwu,f arhaewmrS ymkwf&J hvm;/


arhcsifa,mifaqmifaewmvm; ymk awG;rdoGm;onftxd olararhudk tm;rvdk tm;r& jzpfaerdonf/

]arar oGm;r,f rymkwfvm;}

araru rif;OmPfudk aphaphjunfhjyD; yifhouf&SdKuf\/

]arar 1m,frsufeSmeJ h&Gmudk jyef&rSmvJ rif;OmPf&J h}

]aymm'D rsufeSmeJ hyJaygh arar/ vm rSefxJrSm junfhyg ararhrsufeSmudk/ 1m,favmuf owåd&SdvdkufwJh rsufeSmvJ}

ol eH&HuyfrSefqDodk hararhudk wGJac:oGm;awmh aq;cef;odk hac:vmcH&aom uav;vdk qkwfuefqkwfuefjzifh arar


vdkufvmonf/
udk,fvHk;ay:rSefxJrS toufav;q,ft&G,f reSif;rSKef/ rsufcHk;awGu tckrS ydkvdk hyif eufarSmifvmao;awmhonf/

]rsufvHk;awGudk junfhygtHk; arar&J h? avmu"Hudk aumif;aumif;jud; jrnf;prf;jyD;vdk h &ifhusufoGm;ayr,fh tmCmw


uif;rJhwJh rsufvHk;awG/ tJ'DrsufvHk;awGu 1mmudkyJ junfhjunfh &dk;om;jzLpifrSKeJ hjunfhwm}

]'gayr,fh ararheSKwfcrf;awGuawmh pdwfxJu cHpm;csufawGudk rsdKodyfjyD; idk&vGef;vdk h t&ifwkef;uxufawmif yg;jyD;


wif;aphaecJhjyD}
olu tarhyckH;udk vSKyfudkif,rf;cgvsuf acgif;,rf;onf/

71
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]arar/ ararheSKwfcrf;awGu wpfcgrS rkom;rajymzl;cJhwJh rSefuefajzmifhrwfwJh eSKwfcrf;awG arar/ om;udkawmif


pdwfoufom&m&zkd htaztajumif; vdrfnmrajymcJhwJh eSKwfcrf;awGaygh}

rSefxJrS araru ol hxuf t&yfedrfhonf/ ararh OD;acgif;u ol hycHk;awmifrrD/ ararjyHK;vdkufonfh tjyHK;awGu


tjrJyif uav;wpfa,muf tjyHK;rsdK;/ xkdtjyHK;onf toufeSpfq,f0ef;usif rdef;ri,fawGrSmom &Sdwwfonfh
jzLpifonfhtjyHK;/

ol ararhudk ycHk;rS ayG hqkyfnSpfvdkuf\/

rif;OmPftwGuf araronf tm;udk;&onfh rdcifwpfa,mufjzpfovdkyif juifem&aom eSrav;vnf;


jzpfjzpfaeavonf/
taru uGsefawmfhudk vrf;jyay;cJhjyD;jyD/ tckwpfcg uGsefawmfu tarhudk vrf;jyefjyedkifzdk h judk;pm;ygr,f/

* **

72
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(20)

tarhtajumif;udk ajymr,fqdk&if uGsefr&J htwdwfumv trJuGufjuD;u ydkydkjyD; xif&Sm;vmawmhrSm aocsmygw,f/


tarhtajumif;udk uGsefrtajumif;ryg1mJeJ h ajymvdk hrS rjzpfwm/
taru tdajE´juD;w,f/ pdwf"gwfcwfxefw,f/ rsdK;&dk;*kPfqdkwmudk tvGef*kPf,lw,f/ vlrSmtrsdK;
juufrSmtrsdK;qdkwJhpum;udk tar cPcP ajymwmaygh/
taru ol htazudk tvGef*kPf,lw,f/ ol htaz uGsefrt1mdk;udk uGsefr rrDvdkufyg1ml;/ t1mdk;u &Gm&J h*kPfodu©mudk
aqmifay;wJh yk*¾dKvfwJh? taru jyefajymygw,f/

uGsefrwdk h&GmawGu jrpfa&juD;wdkif; a&jrKyfwwfw,f/ a&wdkufpm;vdk hurf;yg;awG yJhjydKoGm;wm cPcP/ uHqdk;&if


wpf&GmvHk;urf;yg;jydKwJhtxJ ygoGm;w,f/ eSpftawmfawmfjumrS udk,fh&Gm1mufrSm ajrekuGsef;av;1mmav; jyeftopfay:
wmaygh/ topfjyefay:vmwJh ajrekuGsef;ae&mu udk,fh&Gmae&m ol h&Gmae&m cPcP pum;rsm;&w,fvdk hajymw,f/

wpfcgwkef;uawmh tarwdk h&GmpkrSm ajrekuGsef;juD; ay:vma&m/ tJ'DuGsef;udk udk,fh&Gmae&mygvdk hpum;awGrsm;


tjiif;tckefawG jzpfjuw,f/ &GmoljuD;u opömudk ,HkjunfwJholwefzdk;xm;wJhvlawG jzpfawmh tqHk;tjzwfudk opömeJ h
ay;r,fvdk h pD&ifw,f/ ewfa'0wmawGu 'DuGsef; 1m,fol&oifhovJqdkwm tqHk;tjzwf ay;vdrhfr,fvdk h oljuD;u
,Hkjunfw,f/
1m,fvdk vkyfrvJqkdawmh a&S;acwfu vkyf&dk;vkyfpOfygyJ/ a&ikwfjydKifjuwmaygh/

{&m0wDjrpfxJrSm ymkd1muf&Gmu acgif;aqmifwpfa,muf 'D1muf&Gmu acgif;aqmifwpfa,muf opömqdkjyD;


a&ikwf&w,f/ tjumjuD;ikwfedkifwJhol1mufu 'DuGsef;udk &r,f/ ydkif&SifrSef&if ewfa'0wmawGu 'Dvludk a&tjumjud;
ikwfedkifatmif ulnDapmifha&Smifhay;r,f/ ydkif&SifrymkwfcJh&ifawmh ewfawGu 'Dtwdkif;yJ vTwfxm;r,faygh/

tJ'Dawmh vla&G;wJhae&mrSm ta&;juD;vmw,f/ a&G;rJhvlu a&ikwfuGsrf;usif&Hkwifru1ml;/ oDvorm"d&Sdzkd hvJ vdkw,f/


opömwnfjunfzkd hvJ vdkw,f/ 'grS ewfu rrSmaygh/ vl 1m,favmufyJ a&ikwfawmfawmf ewfudkawmh rrD1ml;vdk h
wGufjuwmudk;/ tJ'DrSm t1mkd;udk &Gmu a&G;vdkufw,f/ taru tJ'Da&ikwfwJhjrifuGif;udk oludk,fwdkif
av;eSpforD;t&G,frSm jrif&junhf&wmvdk h ajymw,f/ tJ'Dae hu tdk;pnfAHkarmif;awGeJ hoHcsyfawGeJ hjrpfv,frSm
0g;pifawG xdk;jyD; jydKifjuw,f/ tJ'Dae hu t1mdk;u tekdif&w,fav/ uGsefrwdk htJ'D ajrekuGsef;udk tydkif&oGm;wmaygh/
usrf;opömwdkifjyD; a&ikwfjyD;awmh&cJhwJh ewfodjum;ay;wJh uGsef;rdk husrf;udkifuGsef;vdk h emrnfwGifoGm;wJhtxdygyJ/

taru ol htazudk wtm;av;pm;junfndKwm/ t1mkd;&J htarGcHjzpfwJh tarwdk h uGsefrwdk h uvnf; tusifhpm&dwåeJ h


oDvorm"d&Sd&r,fvdk hcPcP qHk;rygw,f/ oludk,fwdkifuvnf; oDvorm"deJ hjynfhpHkwJhvludkrS tdrfaxmifjyKcJhwm/
uGsefrtazu tvGef&dk;wm/ t1mdk;udk,fwdkif tarhudk tdrfaxmifcsay;cJhwmvdk hajymw,f/ uGsefr arG;jyD;cgprSmyJ
oHjym;&SwJhtemuae zsm;jyD; aooGm;w,f/ aoomoGm;a&m tazu tarhudk vufeJ hawmif r&G,f1ml;wJh/
wpf&GmvHk;u tazeJ ht1mdk;u pHjyyk*¾dKvfawGwJh/

73
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

taru uGsefrudk rdef;uav; yDoapcsifw,f/ tm;&yg;&awmif r&,f&1ml;/ uGsefr atmf&,fvdkufrd&if taru


aygifwGif;ajumudk vdrfqGJawmhwmyJ/

]rdeSif;rSKef nnf; rdef;uav; rymkwf1ml;vm;/ ymDvm;wdkufraeeJ h} wJh/

taru pum;ajym jurf;w,f/ tarrS rymkwfyg1ml;av/ uGsefrwdk hwpf&GmvHk;u tarawG tukef tajymtqdk
jurf;wmygyJ/ uGsefru tarhudk &Gmausmif;rSm pmvmoifoGm;wJh qGJcef hq&mrav; a':csdKcsdKoif;vdk El;nHhodrfarG h
apcsifw,f/ q&mrav;pum;ajym&if wdk;wdk;jiifom/ pum;oHuvnf; emrnfeJ hvdkufatmif csdKjrvdk h/

]tar tarpum;ajymwmuvJ atmfus,fatmfus,feJ hcsdKcsdKomom ajymprf;ygawmf} vdk h ajymrd&if taru uGsefrudk


em;rvnf1ml;/ 'Daumifrav; tlajumifajumifeJ hvdk hrsufapmif; xkd;w,f/ uGsefruawmh tarhudk q&mrav;vdk
xrDcsyfcsyf&yf&yf aoaooyfoyfav; 0wfapcsifw,f/ txufqifhteuf ay:atmif cg;rSm vHk;axG;xkd;xnfhjyD;
atmuftem;u w&GJ hwapmif; jzpfaewJh tarhxrDudk junfhvdk hudkr&1ml;/ taru 1mmjzpfvdk hcg;wkwfwkwf juD;
jzpfaewmvJ/ tar 1mmjzpfvdk hatmufem;awG nDaeatmif xrD r0wfwwfwmvJ/ tarhxrDu 1mmjzpfvdk h
a&apmfeHeHaewwfwmvJ/ igom toufeSpfq,fausmfvdk hq&mr vdk tysdKjuD;jzpfvm&if xrDvSvSav;udk tem;awG
nDaeatmif 0wfrSm/ tJ'Dvdk awG;awG;junfhw,f/

tdyfcef;xJu oeyfcg;vdrf;wJh rSeftao;av;udk cg;av;ymdkvSnfhonfvSnfh junfh&wm tm;r&1ml;/ &Gmv,fu


a':eef;cifwdk htdrfu udk,fvHk;ay:rSefjuD;udk oa1mmusw,f/ at;ndKwdk htdrfa&S hu jzwfoGm;wdkif; at;ndK&Sdaervm;
tomav; iJhapmif;junfh&wmvJ tarmom;/ opfom;udk "g;eJ hckwfoHjum;wdkif;vnf; at;ndKrymkwf1ml;/ at;ndKtaz
'grSrymkwf tpfudkjuD;vJ ckwfaewwfwmrymkwfvm;/ olwdk hjcH0if;tpyfrSm pdkufxm;wJh oa1mFmyifrefusnf;yifpnfudk
jzpfjzpf vufxJu wkwfeJ htoHxGufatmif &dkufypfcsif ypfrdw,f/ 'grS at;ndKvSnfhjunfhrSm/ tar rodatmifvnf;
ae&ao;w,f/ taru vnfw,fav/

at;ndK oDcsif;atmfatmfqdkwJhtcg taru uGsefrudk rsufapmif;cJwwfw,f/

at'if&,f cspfol&,f t&dyfwl at'ifrSm rif;r&Sd&if aw;oHrcsdK yef;awGidk aeru yl wJh/ at;ndKqdkwJh oDcsif;av/
odyfaumif;wJh pmom;av;awGyJ/

ae ruyl qdkwJhpum;vHkudk uGsefr judkufw,f/ &GmrSm opfyifjuD;juD;&,fvdk htvGef&Sm;yg; awmh aeu tvGefylyJ/
wpfxGmomom vHk;ywfyifpnftyifawGyJ &Sdw,f/ &Gmu twnfwusr&Sd1mJ a&jrKyfvdkuf ae&ma&T hvdkufqdkawmh
opfyifjuD;juD;rm;rm; rjzpfawmh1ml;/ pdkufjyD;om; opfyifuvJ ta0;rSm usefcJhwmeJ hurf;yg;jydKvdk hygoGm;wmeJ h/
aeyl'Pfudk uGsefrwkd hu todqHk;aygh/ aEGaejyif;jyif;atmufrSm oJaomifcHku tylaiG h awG ymyf wHvSsyfawG
wnD;nD;eJ hacgif;awG udkufvmatmif ylwJh aetyludk uGsefrodw,f/

rif;r&Sd&if aw;oHrcsdK yef;awGidk ae ruyl

at;ndK atmfqdkaewkef; uGsefr jywif;aygufu vSrf;junfhrd&if taru rsufeSmxdrsufeSmxm;eJ htdrfxJrSm wpfckck


&SmjuHcdkif;awmhwmygyJ/
taru uGsefrwdk hnDtpfrudk tysdKvlysdK tdrfaxmifom;arG;udpöawG 1mmrS judk&Sif;jyxm;wm rymkwf1ml;/ apmapm
rodav aumif;avvdk hawG;w,f/

uGsefrujzifh rdef;uav; t&G,fa&mufcsdef &moDaoG;ay:wJh jzpfpOfudkawmif judkrodxm;1ml;/ xdwfvef hwkefvSKyfjyD;


judwfidk&ao;w,f/ tarhudk ajymjyawmh taru tJ'g tysdKazmf0ifw,f ac:w,fwJh/ wdkwdkwkwfwkwfyJ/

74
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

tJ'Dae hwpfae hvHk; taru uGsefrudk udkif;pdkufcif;xJ rvTwfcJh1ml;/ xrif;awmif rpm;1mJ tdyfcef;av;xJrSmyJ
vSJtdyfvdkuf xxdkifvdkuf pdwfnpfaecJhwJh uGsefrudk taru aoG;aq;eJ hojum; azsmfwdkufcJhw,f/
tJ'Dwkef;u tpfru &Gmawmifzsm;u udkatmifarmif;eJ h&nf;pm;jzpfaewm/ tpfrrdk;twGuf taru pdwfawG
ylaewwfw,f/ enf;enf; tdrfjyefaemufus&if uGsefrudk aemufu vdkufcdkif;w,f/

]eSif;rSKef vdkufprf; nnf;tpfudk oGm;ac:prf; 'Dtcsdefxd jyefra&mufao;wmm 1mmrsm;jzpfaevkd hvJ}

]rdef;uav;qdkwm zufay:ql;us zufayguf/ qlay:zufusvnf; zufyJ aygufwmath}

tar cPcP ajymvGef;vdk htJ'D ql;eJ hzufudk tvGwfawmif&cJhwm/

taru uGsefrudk aygifwGif;ajumyJ cPcP vdrfqGJwm/ &dkufwmeSufwm r&Sd1ml;/ wpfcgyJ &dkufzl;w,f/


&dkufrJh&dkufawmhvJ t&SdK;xifatmifyJ/ uGsefr AdkufjuD;oGm;wJhtcsdefrSmaygh/

taru pjyD;odwmav/ ododcsif;yJ uGsefrudk ar;ar;jyD; &dkufawmhwmyJ/

]i&Jtdk;xJ aZmufxdk;usrJhymmr/ tJ'g umarokrdpämpm&uHyJ/ trav; igawmhaowm aovdkufcsifawmhwmyJ taza&


rsdK;&dk;pOfqufxdef;vmorSs 'DymmreJ husrS t&SufuGJygjyDawmh} qdkjyD; taridkwm/

wpfudk,fvHk;xkaxmif;&dkufeSufxm;cH&vdk hemusifaewJhjum;u uGsefr tarhudk ai;junfhjyD; ajumufvJajumuf


oem;vJoem;oGm;w,f/
tckvdk jAKef;qdk uav;arG;&awmhr,fqdkawmh ajumufwmaygh/ qdk;wmu uav;wpfa,muf arG;zdk hta&;rSm
udk,f0efaqmifxuf uav;tazemrnfu 1mmjzpfvdk hydkta&;juD;aewmvJ/

tarhudkajymawmh-

]ymJh uav;tazr&Sd1mJ uav;arG;w,fqdkwm rdef;rysufrS arG;wmymJh/ rdef;raumif;qdkwm cifyGef;&Sdw,f} wJh/

taru awm h ajymajymjyD; idkwmyJ/

wpf&ufawmh taru uGsefrudk jrdK hudk ac:oGm;w,f/ &yfuGufawmhrrSwfrd1ml;/ a&eHajrxJyJ/ vufwl;a&eHwGif;awG


&SdwJh wJtpkrSmaygh/ vufonfta':juD; wpfa,mufqD ac:oGm;wm/ ta':juD;u uGsefrudk,fatmufydkif;udk
prf;w,f/

]tar usKyfajumufw,f}

tarhudk zufikdawmh taru uGsefrudk jyefzufjyD; idkygw,f/

]at;ygat at;yg ighorD;twGuf tarjuHpnfaeygw,f} wJh/

taru uGsefrudk tdrfxJu tdrfjyifrxGufeJ hwJh/ v&ifhoGm;&if tJ'DvufonfjuD;qDrSm uav; oGm;arG;&r,f/ jyD;&if
tomjyefvmcJh/ uGsefru toufi,fi,fav;rdk htdrfaxmif&ufom;aumif;aumif; usedkifao;w,f/ 'Dudpöudk
1m,folrS rodatmif zHk;zdxm;r,f/

75
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

tarhtpDtpOfjum;&awmhrS uGsefrvJ pdwfoufomoGm;w,f/ tarhudkvJ aus;Zl;wifvdkufwm/ nwdkif;&Sdcdk;jyD;rS


tdyfw,f/
tarajymovdk wdwfwdwfav; uav;arG;r,f/ tarpDpOfxm;wmxufykdjyD; uGsefrawG;xmwmu
vufonfjuD;qDuae uGsefruav;udk jyefarG;pm;r,f vdk h/ udk,fhtawG;eJ hudk,fav/'gayrJh uGsefrudk,f0efrSm olu
t"duw&m;cH/ t"duw&m;cHu vGwfjyD; uGsefru tdrfwGif;ykef;vkyfae&wmudk rcHr&yfedkifemusnf;vmrdw,f/ tJ'g
uGsefr&J htrSm;yg/ tar apmifhjunfhaewJhjum;u uGsefr ol htdrfa&S ha&mufoGm;w,f/

rD;zdkxJrSm naepmcsufjyKwfaewJh rrdk;apGvJ vpfwkef;/ tdrfaemufaz;u yef;cif;awG a&zsef;aewJh tarvJvpfwkef;/


wu,fawmh uGsefr rpOf;pm;cJhwmyg/ weSH heSH hcHjyif;pdwf em;usnf;pdwfawG aygufuGJjyD; qifjcifOmPf&,fvdk h
r&SdawmhwJh tcsdefaygh/ emusnf;wmeJ ha'goeJ hqkdawmh udk,fhtjzpfudk,f &Suf&aumif;rSef;rod1ml;/

uHqdk;csifawmh ol htdrfa&S huGsefra&mufrSm jrifvdkuf&wJh jrifuGif;u wpfudk,fvHk; xlyloGm;atmif


wGef;tm;ay;vdkufw,f/
udkpHvSudk jrif&w,f/ 1mmvkyfaew,frSwfvJ/
vom;t&G,f uav;av;udk ajrSmufcsDjyD; erf;&SKwfaevdkufwmawmf/
uav;u wcpfcpf &,fvdk h/ tJ'DrSm uGsefr a'goawG aygufuGJawmhwmyJ/ ajom/ 'gol huav;vm;/ a1m;rSm
uav;cGH hwJhxrif;ZvHkav;udk udkifvsuf &yfaewmu ol hrdef;r rpdk;juD;/

a'gowjuD;tdrfxJ ajy;0ifjyD; pD;xm;aom cHkzdeyfeJ hol hudk wzkef;zkef; &dkufypfvdkufrdw,f/

&kwfw&ufawmh udkpHvSjuD;u tHhjooGm;&HkygyJ/

]awmfhajumifh awmfyufpufvdk husKyfrSmawmh AdkufjuD;aejyD/ awmfu 'DrSm tcef hom;ayghav/ usKyfuyJ t&SufuGJ
cH&r,f/ 'Dvkdvm;}

cHkzdeyfeJ hwcGyfcGyfxk&dkufaewmudk vifr,m;eSpfa,mufvHk; ajumifjunfhaejuwm awmfawmfeJ hudk pum;rajymedkif1ml;/


udkpHvSu t&ifpajymw,f/ ol hvSsdK h0Suf usL;vGefrSKjuD;udk tckvdk txkyfajzjycH&vdrfhr,fvdk h1m,fxifxm;yghrvJ/

]ym eSif;rSKef eifpdwfrS eHS hao;&J hvm;/ 1mmawG vmajymaewmvJ} wJh udkpHvSu/
ajumufuefuefjyD; ZGwfjiif;awmh uGsefr a'goudk qGay;vdkufovdk e*dk'Pf&mudk wkwfeJ h qGvdkufovdk jzpfoGm;awmh
wmaygh/

]1mmvmajym&rSmvJ aymm'DAdkuftajumif;av awmf tckrS 1mm rodcsifa,mifaqmifaewmvJ}

vla&S hola&S hrSm rajymoifhwJhtjzpfawGudk a'gowjuD;ajymrdoGm;rSef; aemufusrS odvdkuf&wm/ 'gayrJh vGefcJhjyD/

tJ'Daemufawmh uGsefrudk rpdk;juD;u pjyD; yg;&dkufw,f/ uGsefru jyef&dkufw,f/ aemufawmh 1m,fvkdu


1m,fvdkjzpfoGm;w,f rod1ml;/ uGsefreJ hrpdk;juD; ajrjuD;ay:rSm vHk;axG;&pfywf owfrdjuawmhwmygyJ/
ajrjyifay:rSm olwjyefudk,fwjyef vSdrfhowfaejuwkef; tara&mufvmjyD; qGJygw,f/ 'gayrJh &Gm&SdvltukefyJ
tJ'Dae&mcsufcsif; a&mufvmjuw,f/ tdk vlawGrS 0dkif;aewmyJ/

]rdeSif;rSKef trdkufr udk,fhudk,fudk t&SufruGJuGJatmif/ t&l;r taygr aowmyJ aumif;w,f}

tJ'Dtcsdefu pjyD; uGsefr&J hzHk;uG,fxm;orSs Al;ay:ovdk ay:awmhwmygyJ/


tJ'DaemufrSmawmh uGsefrwdk hom;trdoHk;a,muf 'ku©a&mufju&wmaygh/

76
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

tpfrrdk; vufxyfawmhr,fhqJqJ cspfolu tifwifwifeJ haemufwpf0gavmuf apmifhzdk h tcsdefqGJvmw,f/ umvom;


awGu tdrfa&S ha&muf&if cyfnpfnpf ysufvHk;awG ysufovdk pum;oHjudwfjudwfeJ h&,fjuw,f/ aym;ceJ 0g;ceJ
&,foHawG jum;&wJhtcg tarhrsufeSm nSdK;&wmayhg/

uGsefr rcHcsif1ml;/
rSm;cJhwmawmh ymkwfw,f/ 'gayrJh uGsefrwpfa,mufwnf;rSm;wm rymkwf1ml;/
uGsefr tjyifrxGuf&1ml;/ tpfrrdk;vnf; odyfawmh tjyifrxGufawmh1ml;/ tarudk,fwdkifvJ aps;roGm;oavmufyJ/
tdrfrSm&SdwmudkyJ vSnfhywfcsufpm;ju&w,f/ wpfcgvmvJ yJ&Gufokyf? wpfcgvmvJ ukvm;yJymif;? wpfcgvmvJ
tdrfaemufaz;u rkefvm&Gufymif;csdK/ ydkufqHoHk;p&mr&Sdawmhvdk haps;udk ukefpdrf;oGm;a&mufzdk htcsdefusvmwmawmif
om;trd oHk;a,mufvHk; ayawjyD; tdrfwGif;ykef;aeju&w,f/

roGm;rjzpf tdrftjyifxGuf&wJhtcgrsdK;rSm taru vnfwdkifarmharmhrmefwif;xm;ayrJh rsufeSmutdkvdk hEGrf;vdk hyg/


tvSLqGrf;auGs;awG? 1mk&m;udk;qlawGrSm tar t&ifvdk toHus,fus,f pum;rajymedkifawmh1ml;/ rsufeSmudk
1m,favmufyJ yifhxm;xm; wpfa,mufa,mufu eSif;rSKef 1m,feSpfv&oGm;jyDvJ ar;vdkuf&if tarwif;qnfxm;orSs
ymefawGu ysufysufoGm;&ygw,f/

eSpfOD;eSpf1muf twlwl tjypfusL;vGefwJhjypfrSK uGsefruyJ t&SufuGJ&awmhowJhvm;/ 'DvljuD;u t&SufruGJ1ml;vm;/


'DvljuD; tdrfa&S hrSmawmh umvom;awG 1mmjzpfvdk h ysufvHk;awG oGm; rysufysufjuwmvJ/eSpfOD;vHk;rSm;wJhudpö/
tjypf'Pf&&if nDwlnDrSs &&rSmaygh/ tckawmh um,uH&Sifwpfa,mufu tdrfxJu tdrfjyifawmif rxGuf&J1mJ
yk0yfae&cdsefrSm t"duum,uH&Sifjud;u 1mk&m;oGm; ausmif;wuf rsufeSmxm;wpfpufrS rysuf? tjypfvGwf
aea&mvm;/

rw&m;yg1ml;/ avmujuD;u vHk;0rw&m;yg1ml;/

uGsefrav 0#fajuG;wdk h1mmwdk heJ hwwfoa&G hrSwfoa&G hw&m;eJ hajzzdk hjudk;pm;ygw,f/ r&1ml;/ wpfae hwjcm; juD;vmwJh
udk,fhAdkufudk ukd,fiHk hjunfhwdkif; ighajumifh tar&Suf&jyD vdk hawG;rdw,f/ uGsefr tarhudk oem;w,f/
vlawGrSm pdwf"gwftwuftusu jrpfa&twuftus vdkyJxifyg&J h/ tarhpdwf"gwfuvJ wufvdkufusvdkuf uGsefrudk
tm;ay;vdkuf rsuf&nfprf;prf;eJ hidkvdkuf/

uGsefraooGm;&if aumif;r,fvdk hcPcPawG;rdw,f/


* * *

77
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(21)

ararhrSwfpkrsm;xJu tcsuftvufrsm;udk tifwmeuf\*l;*Jvftmhof enf;ynmeSifh pkaygif;&SmazGvdkufonfhtcg


teD;pyfqHk; tajzwpfckudk &oGm;onf/

a&eHacsmif;/
om;trdeSpfa,muf c&D;onfwif ta0;ajy;um;jzifh a&eHacsmif;odk hc&D;xGufcJhjuonf/

um;ay:wGif araru vkH;0rtdyf vHk;0ridkufjrnf;ay/ ararhjunfh&onfrSm c&D;xGufvmcsdefupjyD; wjznf;jznf; ydkydk


pdwfvSKyf&Sm;vmymef &Sdw,f/ um;ay:rSm jyonfh AD'D,dkuvnf; tjidrfh/ araru tjidrfhqdk tvGefjudkufwmrdk h
rsufpdus,fvmaeyHk &onf/

ol htwGufawmh xkdysufvHk;wdk honf vHk;0r&,f&/ wpfcgwpfcgawmh jyHK;rdonf/ wpfcgwpfcgawmh a'goawmif


jzpfrdonf/ ararhudkvnf; 'DysufvHk;awGudk pdwfrqkd;&aumif;vm;ymk jidKjiifcsifpdwfay:rdonf/

jynfodk hum;0ifawmh noef;acgifausmfayjyD/ jynfa&TqHawmf1mk&m;udk a&Ta&mifw0if;0if;eSifh zl;jrif&awmh araru


jywif;1mufodk hvuftkyfcsD&Sdcdk;onf/

]0domcgausmif;wkdufudk tjyefus&if 0ifjurvm; om;}

ol&onfh&uf we*FaEGaygif;rS av;&ufom/ odk haomf 0ifwmaygh ararymk vdkufavsmvdkufrd\/ ararh


1m0\u,fwif&Sif oDv&Sifausmif;wdkufudk toufjuD;rS oljyefjunfhcsifaeygonf/

atmifvHtvGefrSm &GmpOfawG awmfawmfjcm;oGm;jyD; junfhav&m&mrSm ajcmufaoG haom ukef;ajrjyifawGom awG h


&onf/ opfyifjuD;juD;rm; awmtkyf&,fvdk hcPwjzKwfom awG h &onf/ jrifuGif;onf ntarSmifrSmrdk hydkíyif
ysif;&djiD;aiG hzG,faumif;vmawmhonf/ ADG'D,dkvnf; rjyawmhonfrdk holtaeSmifht,Sufuif;uif; idkufedkifoGm;onf/

]t1mGm; aeaumif;rSmygaemf om;}

araru wpfcsufwpfcsuf pdwfylovdk wdk;wdk; a&&GwfrS ol zswfceJ edk;wwffonf/

]aeaumif;rSmyg/ aeraumif;&ifvJ uGsefawmf aq;ukay;rSmaygh arar&J h}

ararhvufudk axG;qkyfvsuf tm;ay;&\/

]at; ymkwfom;yJ}

78
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

cPwjzKwfidkufjrnf;&if; ruf&aom tajy;tvTm;tdyfrufwpfckrSm t0ga&mifuvTrf;rdk; aeonf/a0vGifonf


yg;vsvSKyfcwfaom t0ga&mif0wfpHkjzifh t0ga&miftcef;xJrSm rwfwwf&yfaeonf/ a0vGifonf wpfa,mufa,muf
udk apmifhaeymef&Sdonf/ olu a0vGifhaemufrS cyfzGzG wdk;wdk;wdwfwdwfav; csOf;uyfoGm;onf/
aysmhajymif;yg;vTmaom t0ga&mifpudk olqGJ,lvdkufawmh wpfvTmcsif; uGmusum ol hqDodk hygvmonf/ odk haomf
a0vGif ol hudk vSnfhjunfhvdkufaomtcg a0vGif rymkwf1mJ EGrf;vsaomtjyHK;eSifh arar jzpfaeonf/

]om;}

ol jAKef;ceJ edk;oGm;avonf/
a&eHacsmif;onf ukef;tqif;twufawG aygaom ajcmufaoG h0gndKaom jrdK hwpfjrdK hjzpfonf/
um;vrf;a1m; ta0;wpfae&mrSm a&eHwGif;wl;pifrsm;udk eHeufcif;tvif;a&mifysysrSm jrif&onf/

]arar ararh&Gmu 1m,fem;avmufrSm &SdrvJymif rSef;junfhvdk h&rvm;}

olar;awmh araru pdwfvSKyf&Sm;aom rsufvHk;rsm;jzifh ymdkymdkonfonf &SmazGovdk junfhonf/ xkd haemuf ymifhtif;
rod1ml;ymk ajymonf/

1m,f1mufa1m;wpfae&mwGif jymvJhaom jrpfwpfckudk ay:vdkufaysmufoGm;vdkuf jrifvdkuf&ojzifh 'g{&m0wDvm; ymk


ararhudk ar;awmh araru rod1ml;ymk ajzjyefonf/ aemufcHkuvlu ol htm; ajzonf/

]tJ'g {&m0wDjrpfaygh}

a&eHacsmif;jrddK hrS vSdKufvSJpGm judkqkdyg\ ymlaom qdkif;1mkwfudk vGefcJhonfrSm tawmfjumonftxd ukef;qif;vrf;awG


rqHk;ao;/ awmifjum;vrf;awG rsm;onf/ um;vrf;a1m;wpf1mufwpfcsufrSm aygifrkef hudk "g;jzifh vSD;csxm;ovdk
awmifukef; tjywfrsm; jzpfaeonf/ jrdK he,fw&m;&Hk;wdk hvl0ifrSKjuD;juyfa&;&Hk;wdk hudk vGefjyD;onfhtcg trSwf 1
tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;udk jrif&onf/ jrdK hxJa&mufawmh rvmao;/

jrKd hxJ0ifawmhrvm;ymk xifrdonfhtcsdefrSmyif um;u&yfoGm;onf/ c&D;onfrsm;tm;vHk; *dwfqHk;ygjyDcifAsmymk


py,f,mu ajujim\/

c&D;onfawmfawmfrsm;rsm;u jrdK ht0ifuwnf;u ymdkae&mwpfpk onfae&mwpfpk qif;oGm;juojzifh ,cktcg


um;xJwGif vlenf;enf;yJ usefawmhonf/

acsmif;oJjyifrdk hrdk hu um;vrf;rudk zHk;vTrf;xm;onfh ae&mwpfckjzpfonf/ yGJ&Hkwdkuf taqmuftOD;rsm;udk a&S hwGif


jrif&onf/ wpfae&mrSmawmh v1muf&nfqdkifvdk qdkifwef;av;rS rD;vif;aeonf/ rD;arT;aeonf xifyg&J h/ rD;cdk;awG
tlaewmvnf; awG h &onf/ pm;yGJeSifh xdkifcHk oHk;av;ckudk awG h&onf/ pm;oHk;olawmh rawG h&/

ararhudk t&ifwGJjyD; um;atmufodk hydk hvdkufonf/ ararhc&D;aqmifvufqGJtdwfeSifh ararudk um;em;wGif cPxm;cJhjyD;


ol hvufqGJtdwfudk jyefwuf,l&onf/ rdk;vif;pjyKjyDrdk h tawmfygyJ/ tem;odk ha&mufvmaom jrif;vSnf;wpfpD;udk
olar;junfhonf/

]aps;u a0;ovm;As}

]ra0;1ml;As/ 'Dum;vrf;twdkif; a&S hqufomoGm; wpfauG hqdka&mufjyD}


vufqGJtdwfeSpftdwfudk oledkifaomfvnf; jcif;udk ararhtm; rqGJapvdkojzifh jrif;vSnf;iSm;vdkufonf/

79
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]tdk ararodw,f/ aps;udk ararodw,f/ ra0;1ml;]

wufjuGaom rsufvHk;rsm;jzifh ararhpum;oH xGufvmonf/

]rymkwf1ml; arar/ uGsefawmfwdk hwnfcdkcef;udk t&ifoGm;ju&atmif/ rsufeSmopf a&csdK;jyD;rS aps;udk oGm;&atmifvm;}


]rymkwfao;1ml;/ tcktcsdefrSmrS uGsef;xJ udkif;xJu aps;a&mif;olawG &Sdwm/ eJeJ aexGuf&if olwdk hjyefjujyD/ tJ'DusrS
1m,fol har;&rSef;rod jzpfaer,fav}

]aumif;jyDav/ 'gjzifh jrif;vSnf;ay:rSmyJ ypönf;awG xm;jyD; vlvdkuf&Smjuwmaygh/ q&mjuD; uGsefawmfwdk hudk aps;yJ
t&ifydk hay;ygAsm/ jyD;awmh em&D0ufwpfem&Davmuf apmifhay;yg/ usoavmuf ay;ygr,f cifAsm}

]&ygw,f ighwl&m ray;&yg1ml;/ apmifhay;rSmaygh/ 1m,fuvmjuwmwkef;]

jrif;vSnf;q&mjuD;u ydefydefudkif;udkif; uGrf;pm;xm;aom oGm;rJrJrsm;jzifh jyHK;&,f&if; pyfpkonf/


]&efukefuyg cifAsm}

xkd haemuf xkdifcHkrygaom jrif;vSnf;ay:wGif olua&S hu araru aemufu/ cGmoHwcGyfcGyf 1mD;vdrfhoH wusDusDjzifh
jrif;vSnf;av;u wtdtd armif;eSifavonf/ ukef;jrifhtwufvrf;av;udk wufjyD;rS aps;odk ha&mufonf/

]&wemrOöL1mk&m;vrf;qdkwm aps;em;rSm rymkwfvm;/ tJ'Dukd ydk hay;yg}

&wemrOöL1mk&m;&Sdaomvrf;jzpfí &wemrOöL1mk&m;vrf;ymk ac:jcif; jzpfonf/ t"du tpnfum;qHk;aps;vrf;jzpfonf/


pnfyifom,mjrdK hraps;u wpf1muf? &wemaps;ymlonfh vymmjyifaps;u wpf1muf xkdaps;eSpfckjum;&Sd
um;vrf;tao;udk aps;qdkifrsm; cif;xm;jcif;jzpfajumif; olodvdkufonf/

aps;wef;juD;u awmfawmfudk pnfum;onf/ vrf;tpuae vrf;tqHk;txdygyJ/ olwdk h onf


AdkvfcsKyfvrf;aps;xdyfwGif jrif;vSnf;ay:rSm ypönf;rsm;udk xm;cJhjyD; vlcsnf;oufouf aps;wef;xJodk havSSsmufjuonf/
rdk;vif;cgpjzpfaomfvnf; vrf;ymdk1mufonf1mufrSm cscif; a&mif;aeaom ymif;oD;ymif;&GufonfawG tjynfh/
vGefcJhaomeSpfaygif;oHk;q,feD;yg;wkef;u q,fausmfouf rdef;ri,fav; eSif;rSKefwpfa,muf cHawmif;av;jzifh
cscif;jyD; aps;a&mif;cJhaomae&m 1m,fae&mygvdrfh/

yef;awG yef;awG trsdK;pHkpHkudk jrifawmh xdkae&modk heSpfa,mufom; oGm;junfhjuonf/ c&rf;a&mif? tjyma&mif?


teDa&mif? tjzLa&mif arjrdK hyef;rsm;/ t0ga&mifeSifh tjzLa&mif *E¨rmyef;rsm;? tnGef heDeDav;rsm;jzifh oajyyef;rsm;/
eSif;qDyef;rsm;/

]rymkwf1ml;om; tJ'gu awmonfrymkwf1ml;/ jrdK honf/ awmfonfawGu ol hqD azmufonfay;jyD;


jyefwmawGvvnf; &Sdw,f/ ol hudk ararodovdkyJ}

yef;onf rdef;rjuD;u ararhxuf teSpfeSpfq,favmuf juD;edkifonf/ cyf00ndKndK qHyif zGmzGmvdrfvdrf/

]1mmyef;,lrvJ yef;awG vSw,fav}

araru xkdrdef;rjuD;udk rodrom tuJcwfovdk pdkufjunfah eayrJh xdkrdef;rjuD;u ararhudk roday/

]uGsef;xJu yef;onfawG vmjyD;oGm;jyDvm;}

80
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

araru ar;onf/ aps;0,frnfhol rymkwfrSef; odoGm;jyD;aomfvnf; ta':juD;tjyKH;u avsmhroGm;/

]wcsdK hvJ yef;awGukefvdk hjyefjujyD/wcsdK hvJ aps;0,faewkef;aygh/1m,foleJ hawG hcsifvdk hvJ}

]rrdk;apG}
]rrdk;apG usKyfrod1ml;/ 1m,f&GmuvJ}

]usrf;udkifuGsef;uyJ}

]usKyfazmufonfawGxJrSmawmh tJ'DemrnfeJ hr&Sd1ml;/ a&S hanmifyifjuD;atmufoGm;pHkprf; ygvm;/ tJ'DrSm uGsef;xJ


awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u yef;onfawG csa&mif;aew,f/ ymkd;rSmav/ aymmymdk anmifyifjuD;}

]ymkwfuJh ymkwfuJh aus;Zl;wifygw,f cifAsm}

olwdk heSpfa,muf anmifyifjuD;qDodk htm;wufoa&m avSsmufvmcJhjuonf/ juufoGefqdkifrsm;? tm;vl;eSifh


i&kwfoD;ajcmufqdkifrsm;? 'efajuG&nfokwfponfh 1mef;trsdK;rdsK;eSifh xnfha&mif;aeaom juufom;eSifh ig;onfrsm;/
o&ufcsOf? ql;ykwf&GufeSifh csOfaygif&Gufonfrsm;? Al;oD;c&rf;oD;/ cHawmif;xJrSm wcsdK h ykqdk;aymmif;rsm;
csnfapmifrsm;eSifh xkyfxm;&mu jznfjyD; a&mif;aeolrsm;/

eSif;qDyef;teDawG yef;a&mifawGudk tpnf;vdkufjzef hcif;a&mif;aeaom trsdK;orD;wpfa,muftem;odk harar uyfoGm;


onf/ trsdK;orD;u armhjunfhonf/

]yef;awGaygw,f? oHk;usyf oHk;usyf wpfyGifhoHk;usyf/ tpfr eSif;qDawGvSw,f/ 'DreufrS cl;vmwm/ q,fyGifh,l&if


eSpf&mhig;q,feJ h,loGm;}

]1m,f&GmuvJ ymif]

]uGsefr z&JuGsef;u}

]usrf;udkifuGsef;u aps;onfawG rvm1ml;vm;]

]aps;a'gifhaju;qdkifoHqkdifem;rSm usrf;udkifuGsef;onfawG &Sdygha&m tJ'DoGm;ar;junfhyg}

]ymkwfuJh aus;Zl;wifygw,f cifAsm}

ararhudk vufqGJvsuf ol xdkaps;axmifhodk hOD;wnfum vlawGudk pwifwdk;a0S havSsmufav onf/


]tarawmh ao&SmjyDeJ hwlyg&J hom;&,f/ 'DavmufeSpfawGjumrSawmh...? 1mmawGukdyJ &ifrqdkif&J&J tarudkawmh tckvdk
,wdjywfypfy,f xm;zdk hraumif;1ml;}

ajym&if; arar rsuf&nfawG &pf0Jvmonfudk jrif&awmh olararhvufudk wtm;zspfnSpfqkyfudkifvdkuf\/

]arar araru &Gmemrnfawmif arhypf&avmufatmif pdwfaomuawG cHpm;aecJh&wJholav/ ararha0'emeJ harar


arhaewm/ udk,fhudk,fudk tjypfrwifygeJ h/ tckcPae&if uGsefawmfwdk htzGm;&Gmudk a&mufawmhrSmyg arar&J h}

aju;qdkifoHqdkifqdkonfrSm aps;qdkifcef;rsm;\ axmifhcef;av; jzpfonf/ oHcsdefcGifrsm; x,foGm;rsm;? wHZOfrsm;udk

81
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

a&mif;csaom qdkifjzpfonf/ xdkqdkif\a1m;em; vrf;csdK;wpfck qDwGif acgif;aygif;udk,fpD csnfuGuf


tay:0wftaEG;xnfudk,fpDjzifh aps;onfwcsdK hudk awG h&onf/ tpdrf;uGuf csnfw1mufudk acgif;ay:ywfjyD;
wifxm;onfh oa1mmaumif;ymef&Sdaom trsdK;orD;juD;wpfa,mufqDodk holcsOf;uyfoGm;onf/ trsdK;orD;juD;\a&S hrS
cHawmif;xJwGif tpdrf;a&mif yJoD;wdkwdk jym;jym;awGeSifh Al;&Gufrsm; tjynfhtarmuf/

]Al;&GufawGrS ekcsufawmf ig;q,fzkd;qdk ymif;csdKwpfcGuf&aygh Al;&Guf,lrvm; uav;}

]uGsefawmf odcsifwmav;&Sdvkd hygcifAsm/ ta':u usrf;udkifuGsef;uvm;}

]tif; usrf;udkifuGsef;u}

]a':av;&Sifudk odvm;}

]a':av;&Sif}
ta':juD; cPawG a0aeonf/

]1m,f&GmuvJ}
]usrf;udkifuGsef;uav}
]usrf;udkifuGsef;u &GmawG trsm;juD;&,f/ q,fhwpf&Gmawmif &Sdwm/ 1m,f&GmuvJ}

olararhudk vSrf;junfhvdkufao;aomfvnf; araru &Gmtwdtusudk 1m,fvdkrS rrSwfrdedkifymk olodonf/

]tJ'gawmh uGsefawmfrod1ml; cifAsm/ ol horD;uawmh rrdk;apGwJh}

]atmf rdk;apGqdk&if yJEG,fukef;uaygh}

ol vkdufceJ 0rf;omvsuf touf&SLyif rSm;oGm;\/

]ymm ta':odw,f/ 0rf;omvdkufwm a':a':&,f/ tJ'D rrdk;apG tartck&Sdao;vm;}

]at; &Sdao;w,f/ aeraumif;1ml;vdk hjum;w,f}

1mk&m; 1mk&m;/ ol hudk,fay: ararhudk,fcE¨m ,dkifEGJ husvmonf/ ol ararhudk ycHk;rS zufayG hum tomxdef;vdkuf&\/

]apmapmuawmif rdk;apGom; zdk;wmudk awG hvdkufao;w,f/ jyefa&maygh/ rif;wdk hu rkdk;apG&J htrsdK;awGvm;}

]ymkwfuJh}

]ta':wdk huql;avukef;uuGJ hwdk htjyefrSm vdkufcsifvdkufcJhav}

]1m,fawmh jyefrSmvJ cifAsm}

]tdk ymif;&GufawG ukef&if jyefrSmaygh/ udk;em&Davmuf}

olvufrS em&Dudk junfhvdkufawmh tckrS ajcmufem&DyJ &Sdao;onf/

82
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]ymkwfuJh/ uGsefawmfwdk hjyefvmcJhr,faemf ypönf;av;awG oGm;,lvdkufOD;r,f/ jrif;vSnf;eJ h oGm;vdk h&vm;}

]tdk juHjuD;pnf&m r&1ml;/ vSnf;awmh &w,f/ vSnf;qdyfu taemufwHwm;ymdk1muf xdyfrSm/ vrf;ravSsmuf


edkif1ml;vm;}
]uGsefawmfwdk htxkyftydk;awG ygvdk hyg cifAsm}

ararh wpfudk,fvHk; eHk;acGum wkef,ifaeojzifh olwGJjyD; avSsmufvm&onf/

]uJ arar pdwfat;jyD rymkwfvm;/ yJEG,fukef;wJh/ t1mGm;vJ rao1ml;/ aeraumif;wmawmh uGsefawmfukay;vdkuf&if


aysmufoGm;rSmaygh aemf arar}

ararhtjyHK;u pdwfvGwfvufvGwf junfjunfvifvif r&SdvSaom wkefcsdcsd tjyHK;av;/

]om;&,f udk;em&Dxdrapmifh1mJ oGm;vdk hr&1ml;vm;}

]arar ararvrf;odvdk hvm;/ eSpfoHk;q,fawmifapmifhcJhao;wm oHk;em&Davmufawmh apmifhvdkufygaemf arar/ olwdk h


u t1mGm;tdrfudk nTefay;rSm arar&J h/ aemf/ udk,fhymm udk,fqdk&if 1m,foGm;vdk hoGm;&rSef;rod1mJae&m}

]aomifcHkjuD;udk jrifvdkuf&if ararrSwfrdoGm;r,fxifygw,f}

]arar arar1mmrSvJ rpm;&ao;1ml;/ v1muf&nfqdkifwpfckckrSm cPem;jyD; rkef hpm;aecJh/ uGsefawmf ararhtwGuf


vSnf;oGm;&SmrSmaygh vmarar}

rjumcif jrifawG h&rnfh junfEl;p&m jrifuGif;twGuf ol judkwif&ifckefaerdonf/

***

83
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(22)

jrpfurf;pyf\a&eH h/ ajcjzifh xdrdonfhoJjyifpdkpdk/ junfhav&m&m oJjyifzHk;vTrf;aeonfh jrpfurf;aomifjyif/


opfyifjuD;juD;rm;rm; r&Sdonfh ajrekuGsef;uav;/

avSuav;onf olwdk hom;trdeSifhtwl tjcm;aom aps;tjyef&Gmol&Gmom; av;a,mufudk wifaqmifvsuf


cyfjznf;jznf; pwifxGufcGmonf/

aeu acgif;ay:wnfhwnfh ra&mufao;aomfvnf; awmfawmfawmh ylaejyD/ olwdk h\t&dyfonf avS0rf;xJwGif


cyfapmif;apmif;usa&mufaeonf/ aps;rSm juHkcJh&aom tawG h tjuHkudk ol hxufigOD;atmif tvkt,uf ajymaeju
onfrSm pHkvdk h/

]awmfh 1m,feSydómygvmcJhwkef;}

]av;ydómcGJavmufygawmf}

]1m,favmuf aps;&wkef;}

]wpfydómudk &Spf&mhig;q,f&w,f}

]awmfygha&mf/ usKyfjzihf &Spf&mawmif renf;awmif;&w,f}

]juHkwmeJ hoHwl&Gif;av; 0,fcJhygw,f/ aps;juD;csufawmf/ eSpf&mhig;q,fwJh}

rif;OmPfonf jrpfjyifudk wtHhwjo ai;armjunfhum wdwfwdwfqdwfqdwf vdkufygvm\/ atmf om;uav;crsm ol h


tar&J hZmwd0ef;usifudk tckrSyJ a&mufzl;&wmygvm; ymk reSif;rSKef juifjuifemem ai;junfhaeonf/

olwdk htm; OD;aqmifvmonfh yJoD;onfu pyfpk\/

]rav;&Sif&J htrsdK;qdkawmh 1m,folu arG;wmwkef;}

wdwfqdwfpGmxkdifaeaomrdcif1mufodk hom;uvSnfhjunfhonf/ reSif;rSKefuolwdk heSpfa,muf qDrS rsufeSmvTJ vsuf


jrpfwpf1mufrSm usefcJhaom ckwfjzwfxm;ovdk rwfvSonfh awmifjywfawGqDodk hZGwfaypdkufjyD; junfhvmonf/
rajzeJ h/ reSif;rSKefom;vdk hrif;rajzeJ h/

rdrdudk rSwfrdolawG 'DavSay:rSm ygrvmjuonfhtwGuf pdwfoufomrdonf/ &Gmodk ha&muf cgrS odygapawmh/


rif;OmPfuvnf; tarht&dyftajcudkjunfhjyD; rajzoifhao;1ml;ymk wGufonf/

84
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

avSay:rSm c&D;vrf;rSm ararhudk at;at;oufom wnfwnfjidrfjidrfyJ &Sdapcsifw,f/


xdk hajumifh pum;vTJypfvdkuf\/

]'DeSpfurf;yg;jydKao;vm;As}

]urf;yg;uawmh eSpfwdkif;jydKwmaygh 'DeSpfawmh wdk h&GmeJ hvGwfygw,f/ jrpfajumif;u auG h oGm;jyDav}

]awmfwdk h&GmeJ hvGwfayrJh usKyfwdk h&GmeJ hrvGwf1ml;awmfh eJwJha&rSKwf1ml;/ wGJ1mufpmoifausmif;a&T hvdkuf&wm Opöm}
wGJ1muf pmoifausmif;/

&GmtkyfpkwpfpkvHk;rSm wGJ1mufpmoifausmif;&Sdaom&Gmu reSif;rSKefwdk h&GmyJymk rSwfrdonf/ 'gjzifh xdktrdsK;orD;u


reSif;rSKefwdk h&Gm1mufuaygh/

rsufeSmvTJxm;&mu rodrom vSnfhjunfhonf/ jrifzl;ovdkvdk &Sdaom rsufeSm/


rsufeSmudk aphaphjunfhrdawmhrS rSwfrdoGm;onf/ aeavmifxm;aom yg;jyifeSpf1mufay:rS wif;wdwf ndKndK uGufuGuf
awGudk jzKwf? em;xifu jzLajumifajumif qHyif usKd;wdk;usJwJ ae&mwGif eufarSmifaom tkyfvHk;oGif;qHawmufudk
jznfhjunfhvdkufvSsif atmf olpdrf;jyifjyifrS rymkwf1mJ/ i,fpOfu udkif;xJoGm;azmfoGm;zuf av;wef;txd
ausmif;aepOfu a&S haemufxdkifcJh&aom rcifjrdKifygvm;/
rcifjrdKifonf rdrdukd rrSwfrday/
1m,frSwfrdedkifyghrvJ/ i,fpOfu wkwfwkwfcJcJ udk,fcE¨monf ,cktcg ydefoG,faejyDudk;/ aeylpyfcg;
xGufcJh&vGef;onfh tom;onf 1m,fawmhrS jyefrpdk jyefr0if;avmufatmif ajcmufaoG hcJhjyDxifyg&J h/ &GmtjyefrSm
rsufeSmudk wwfedkiforSs uG,f0Sufvdkojzifh ydk;pyk0gudk aeumovdkvdk jcHKodkif;vdkufao;onfqdkawmh cifjrdKif rdrdukd
rrSwfrday/

avSuav;u auG h0dkufoGm;ae&wm a&mufyJ ra&mufedkifawmhygvm;/ &Gmudk a&mufcsifvSygjyD/ tarhrsufeSmudk


jrifcsifvSygjyD/ tar tHhjowkefvSKyfoGm;rnfh rsufeSmudk rSef;qum &ifwvSyfvSyfwkef&Dvmonf/

]tJawmf udk&ifrSmvdkufwJh "mwfcJ arhcJhjyD}

]tJ'gajumifh igajymom;yJ pm&if;av; wdk hxm;ygqdk}

rcifjrdKifudk a1m;u tazmfrdef;ru 0iftjypfwif\/


urf;pyfodk havSqdkufawmh aomifcHktjrifhwpfae&mrS wJuav;wpfckqDodk hyJoD;onfjuD;u vSrf;junfhonf/

]aymmymdku a':av;&Sif&J hajr;ygawmf/ vHk;yka& eifht1mGm;udk awG hzkd hwJh jrdK hu{nfhonf ygoymJh}

udk;eSpfq,feSpft&G,f uav;rav;wpfa,muf olwdk havS&Sd&modk hajy;qif;vmonf/ olwpfcgrS rjrifzl;aom jrdK hu


{nfhonftpfudkjuD;udk jyHK;jyvsuf judkqdkvkduf\/

]vmyg tpfudk}

]nDrav; t1mGm;aeaumif;vm;}

]odyfawmh raumif;1ml;}

85
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

cifjrdKifymk eSKwfqufcsifonfheSKwfcrf;udk reSif;rSKefu jyefxdef;csKyfvdkuf\/ aeygapOD;av/ cPtjumrSmawmh


wpf&GmvHk; odawmhrSmygyJ/ tJonftcsdefusrSyJ odygapawmh/ &orSs tcsdefuav;udk qGJxm;csifao;onf/
cifjrdKifonf reSif;rSKefudk olpdrf;trsdK;orD;tjzpf wpfcsufom junfhvsuf avSay:rS qif;oGm;onf/
]vm arar}

rif;OmPfu t&ifqif;vsuf az;ulvufwGJac:onf/

avSay:uae onfurf;pyfudk vTm;ceJ ckefysHqif;vdkufonfh rdef;uav;i,f eSif;rSKefudk olr jrifa,mifvm\/


tazhykqdk;uGufav;udk acgif;aygif;aygif;vdk haygh/ xrDu ajcovHk;wpf0ufawmif ra&mufatmif wdkonf/ wdkrS
jzpfrnf/ a&xJqif;jyD;rS oJjyifay:wuf&onf rymkwfvm;/

tckawmh wGJvmaom om;vufudk tm;jyKqkyfudkifvdkufavonf/


avSay:rS qif;vdkufonfeSifh ajcaxmufu jrpfa&jyifxJodk ha&mufoGm;onf/ aeylylrSm jzpfayrJh a&u at;jrvSonf/
&ifxJrSm 'dwfceJ wkefoGm;onfrSm at;jraom a&ajumifh rymkwfyg/ ajumufvef hemusifrSKawG ukefvGefcJhjyDymk
xifxm;cJhonfrSm awmfawmf rSm;ygvm;/ eSpfaygif; oHk;q,feD;yg; csefxm;&pfcJhaom twdwfonf ,cktcg rsufpa&S h
arSmufodk hwpfzef jyefa&mufvmcJhavjyD/

]arar aeaumif;&J hvm;}

rdcif rsufeSmudk t&dyfvdk junfhaecJhonfh rif;OmPfu pdk;&drfpGm ar;onf/


reSif;rSKef acgif;yJ ndwfjyvdkufonf/

wu,fawmh olr aeraumif;yg/ awmfawmfudk aevdk hraumif;yg/ uwkefu,if ajcrcdkif ,dkifEGJ haeonfrSm aymmonf
jrpfajumif;cGJav;xJodk ha&mufatmif oJaomifjyifjuD;udk vSnf;jzifh jzwfoef;vmuwnf;uaygh/

]arar 1mmrS pdwfryleJ h/ uGsefawmf ararha&S hrSm &Sdaew,faemf arar}

]at;yguG,f}

om;udk cyfEGrf;EGrf;tjyHK;jzifh ajymvdkuf&aomfvnf; olronf 'Pf&mtemay:wpfckckeSifh xdckdufrdrSmpdk;aeonfh


judkwifemusifrSKrsdK;udk cHpm;ae&onf/

]tdwfawG uGsefr o,fcJhr,fav}

uav;rav;u rif;OmPfqDu tdwfawGudk qGJ,lzkd hjyifonf/

]ymm aeae nDr 'Dta':ukdom wGJvdkufaemf tpfudk ekdifw,f}

a&jyifxJrSm ajcoHk;av;vSrf; avSsmuf&jyD;rS urf;pyfukef;jriffhqD a&mufonf/ vSrf;aeus ajcaxmufawGuawmh


aomifcHk pdkufcif;pdrf;awGqDyif a&mufoGm;jujyDudk jrif&\/ ajcvSrf;twuf vSrf;armhtjunfhrSm oJajrukef;rdk hay:rS
wpfxGmcef hom jrifhao;onfh yJcif;rsm;udk jrif&onf/ tJonfyJcif;udk vGefrS &Gmudk a&mufrnf/ &Gmu
wpfac:avmufa0;ao;onf/ rcifjrdKifwdk hu cyfokwfokwf avSsmufedkifojzifh rsufpdatmufuae aysmufoGm;jyD/

yJcif;awGud e,ferdwfjcm; um&Hxm;aom udkif;yifjzLjzL&Snf&Snfwdk hymkdcgonf&rf; ,drf;EGJ h aejuonf/

86
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

onfajrudk 1m,fawmhrS ajcrcsawmh1ml;ymk olr qHk;jzwfcsufcscJhonf/ 1m,fawmhrS jyefrvmyg1ml;/ aoonftxd


olwdk highudk rjrifap&yg1ml;/ tJonfvdkyif t&SHK;ay;xGufajy;cJholyg/
tckawmhjzifh &Gmt0if a&tdk;pifudkawmif vSrf;jrifae&jyD/ a&pdrfhjyD; pdkvufaeaom oJtdk;eSpfvHk;\atmufajcpifay:rS
pdrf;zef hzef hpyg;yifaygufav;awG pdkdufxm;onfh a&csrf;pifudk rESif;rSKef rSwfrdoGm;onf/ i,fpOfwkef;u qmavmifpGm
aomufcJhzl;onfh a&csrf;pifav; tckxd &Sdaeao;ygvm;/
&Gmt0if *dwfwHcg;onf e*dkuwnf;u wHcg;&Gufr&Sdaom opfvHk;wdkifrkcfOD;oufouf jzpfonfrdk htxl;zGifhp&m rvdk/
olwdk hoHk;a,muf twl,SOfvsuf avSsmufvmcJhonf/ *dwfuvGefonfhtcg &Gmt0ifvrf;/

oydwfudk,fpDydkufxm;onfh 1mkef;juD;eSpfyg; jcH0if;wpfckxJrS xGufvmjuonf/ 1mkef;juD;wdk h\oydwfzHk;ay:wGif


iSufaysmoD;eSpfvHk;pDwifxm;wm awG h&\/
a&S hrS tajy;vmaeaom vli,fav;wpfa,muf/ oleSifhtwl zkefwaxmif;axmif; ygvmonf/ a&S huvlawG
ajymvdkufjyDxifyg&J h/

]udkzdk;wm tpfudk hqDu tdwfawG o,fay;vdkuf}

'g rdrd\nD0rf;uGJav; jzpfrnfymk rif;OmPf odonf/ aumifav;u ol hxHrS tdwfeSpfvHk;udk qGJ,lvdkufonf/

]rrdk;apG i,fi,fu &kyfyJ tpfrrdk;om;vm;}

]ymkwfw,fAs/ a&mufjyD/ aymmymdk tdrfyJ}

reSif;rSKef rrSwfrdaom tdrfwpftdrfqDodk holu nTefjyaeonf/ ajcwH&Snf&Snf tdrftdkaymmif;aymmif;/ acG;wpfaumifu


qD;aymmifavonf/
* * *

87
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(23)

ajcwH&Snf tdrfonf jcHpnf;&dk;r&Sd1mJ oa1mFmrefusnf;eSifh oa1mFmjuufqlyifrsm;jzifhom 0kdif;ywfum&Hxm;onf/


oa1mFmrefusnf;yifvnf; ac: ukvm;refusnf;yifvnf; ac:aom tyifrsm;udk jrifonfhtcg reSif;rSKefonf
olrwpfcgwkef;u pD;cJhzl;onfh ajcnSyfopfom;cHkzdeyfrsm;udk owd&oGm;onf/ tdrf0if;xJt0ifrSmawmh
yHkpHrajymif;vJao;onfh zdeyfrsm;udk avSum;cHkrSm oHk;av;&H pkyHkvsuf awG h&onf/

]1m,fuvmwJh {nfhonfawGwkef;}

tpdrf;eSifhteDuGuf csnfjurf;acgif;aygif;udk acgif;rSm aygif;xm;onfh toufig;q,ft&G,f rdef;rwpfa,mufu


avSum;cHkzdeyfcGswfrSm rwfwyf&yfvsufu judkqdkonfhtcg rESif;rSKefonf xkdrdef;rqDodk hcyfqkwfqkwf wdk;uyf
oGm;onf/

]tpfrrdk;}

tpfrrdk;ymk ac:vdkufol {nfhonftrsdK;orD;udk rrdk;apGu tvef hwjum; ikH hjunfh\/ avmujuD;wpfckvHk;rSm oludk
tpfrrdk;ymk ac:olonf wpfa,mufwnf; &Sdonf/ tJonfwpfa,mufudk aojyDymkyif olxifxm;cJhonf/

]ymif nnf; 1m,folvJ}

ydefydefoG,foG,f qHxHk;jrifhjrifh jrdK holtjyiftqifeSifh rdef;rudk junfh&if; jynfhjzKd;aom eSKwfcrf;tpHk; 0kdif;pufrJarSmif


aom rsufvHk;tpHkudk rSwfrdoGm;onfhtcg ajumiftoGm;\/

]uGsefr eSif;rSKef}

]aymmhawmf}

rrdk;apGonf pum;wpfcGef;rS jyefrajymedkif1mJ jyL;us,faomrsufvHk;rsm;jzifh cyfjumjum pdkufjunfhae&mrS avScg;ay:odk h


w'dkif;'dkif; ajy;wufoGm;onf/

]tar tar/ tarhorD; eSif;rSKef&,fawmh}

om;onf vufqGJtdwfeSpfckudk ajrjyifay:odk hvTwfcsypfvdkuf&onf/ rsuf&nfawG usvsuf ,drf;,dkifoGm;aom rdcifudk


avSum;twufwGif wGJayG h&ef jzpfonf/
avSum;xpfonf vleif;ygrsm;ojzifh acsmrGwfajymifvufaeaom cyfjzLjzL opfom;jym;rsm; jzpfonf/ uGsef;avScg;
rymkwf/ &GmawGrSm oHk;avh&Sdaom &&mopfom; avScg;jzpfonf/ avScg;ay:odk hvlwufonfhtcg tdrfonf odrfhceJ
odrfhceJ vSKyfoGm;avonf/

88
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

avScg;wufwufcsif; rsufeSmcsif;qdkifvdkuf&onfu tdrfeH&HrS wpfaycGJavmuf tjyifxkwfxm;aom 1mk&m;pif


jzpfonf/ 0g;jurf;cif;ay:rSm zsmjurf;rsm;cif;xm;aomfvnf; zsmvGwfonfhae&mwdk hwGif 0g;jcrf;rsm; pD&Dvsuf ESD;jzifh
wGJxm;onfudk jrif&onf/

tar 1m,frSmygvdrfh/

&SmazGaom rsufpdu avSum;xdyfwpf1mufjcrf;&Sd tdrfwGif;cef;qDodk ha&mufoGm;onf/ yGifh&dkufcsnfxnfyg;yg;


cef;qD;udk jzwfvsuf jrifae&onfu jcifaxmifyg;yg;twGif;rS vJavsmif;aeaom *Grf;apmifpif;jum;jcHKxm;onfh
oP²mefwpfck/ reSif;rSKef\&ifxJqdk heifh wif;usyfoGm;cg 1m,folurS rzdwfac:yg1mJ tcef;0ifayguf
atmufajcwef;uav;udk ausmfvdkufjyD; twGif;odk h0ifvdkufrdonf/
zsmvGwfaeonfhjurf;jyifonf ajcz0g;wGif jurf;&SvSygwum;/
om;u wGJxm;ygvsuf reSif;rSKefonf jcifaxmifa1m;odk hvGifhceJ ,dkif&if; xdkifusoGm;onf/
jcifaxmifa1m;rSm 'l;axmufxkdifaeaom rrdk;apGonf vlrrmudk vSKyfcgvSKyfcg pum;ajymaeonf/

]tarhorD; raoavmuf1ml;qdkwm wu,frSefaeygayghvm;/ tck tarha1m;rSm a&mufaewm tarhorD;wJhtar/


junfhygOD; tarjrif&vm;}

vlrrmonf t&dk;ay:ta&wif ydefvSD;vS\/ tm;pdkufjyD; jznf;nif;pGm zGifhjunfhvdkufaom rsufvHk;wdk honf rESif;rSKef


wrf;waeus cGeftm; tjynfhrsufvHk;rsm; rymkwfjuawmhay/

]eSif;rSKefvm;}

eSpfaygif;rsm;pGm jumoGm;ayrJh tarhtoHu vHk;0rajymif;vJygvm;/ tdyfrufawGxJrSm cPcPjum;ae&onfh


tarhtoH/
onf1m0rSmjzifh rjum;&awmh1ml;ymk xifxm;cJhaom tarhtoHudk jum;vdkuf&aomtcg reSif;rSKef rsuf&nfwdk hu
yg;jyifay:odk htqufrjywf vdrfhqif;usvmavonf/

]ymkwfw,f tar}

toHu wdk;wdrfvGef;ojzifh udk,fhymmudk,fawmif rjum;&/ tarjum;yghrvm;/


ta&mif rSdefazsmhcJhjyDjzpfaom tarhrsufvHk;wdk honf pum;oHvm&modk hrSef;q&SmazGymef &Sdonf/ tar rjrif&1ml;/
reSif;rSKefodvdkufonf/ reSif;rSKefu rdrdvufjzifh tarvufudk tomqkyfnSpfvdkufonfhtcg taru xkdvufudk
jyefqkyfnSpfxm;vdkufavonf/ zspfnSpfxm;yHku jrJjrHvSojzifh reSif;rSKef vdSKufceJ tHhjo0rf;omoGm;onf/
tarheSKwfcrf;wdk hu ryGifhwyGifh ymum vSKyfvmjyD; awmfawmfjumrS wdk;azsmh? tm;,laom avoHav; xGufvmonf/

]tar apmifhaewm jumjyD}

wpfvHk;csif; ajymaompum;oHtqHk;rSmawmh rESif;rSKefonf rdcif\vufudk rsufeSmrSm tyfvsuf &SdKufidkawmhonf/

]tar}

usKyfrvm&Jvdk hygtar&,f/ tarhqDudk usKyfnwdkif; jyefjyefvmjunfhygw,f/ ra&mufvmcJhwm wpfckygyJ/

]uav; uav;a&m}

89
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

taronf rdrd\udk,f0efudk owd&aecJhonfygvm; ymk odvdkuf&onfhtcg &ifxJrS qkd h epfemusifrSKu w&dyf&dyf


a0'emonf;vm\/

]&Sdw,f tar tarhajr;juD; &Sdw,f/ tck tarhtem;rSmygyJ}

]ymif}

]om; 1mGm;1mGm;vufudk qkyfvdkufygOD;}

om;u 1mGm;at\t&dk;jydKif;jydKif; tajumwGef hvdrfaeonfhvufudk cyfzGzG qkyfudkifeSKwfqufonf/

]1mGm;1mGm;}

]1mk&m; 1mk&m;}

wwGwfwGwf a&&Gwfaeaom ajcmufaoG hnSdK;EGrf;onfh eSKwfcrf;tpHkudk apmifhai;em;axmif&if; reSif;rSKef wvSyfvSyf


armyef;vmonf/ tar&,f/

tarheSkwfcrf;qDrS rjunfh&ufojzifh rsufeSmvTJvdkufrdawmh acgif;&if;x&HrSm yHkjuD;csJ hjyD; rSefa1mmifoGif;xm;onfh


"gwfyHkwpfyHkudk awG h&onf/ &SdKufidkrdawmhrnfh toHudk ZGwftwif; xdef;csKyfrsdKcsypfvduf&onf/

&GmOD;ausmif; qGrf;vHk;csyGJwkef;u t0wfopfawGjzifh &dkufxm;cJhonfh rdrd"gwfyHkav;/ rdrdwpfcgrS rjrif&ao;onfh


"gwfyHk/ xdk"gwfyHkxJwGif tem*wfudk 1mmrS judkpOf;pm; rjunfhrdonfh eSif;rSKefu tm;&yg;& jyHK;vdk hygvm;/

***

90
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(24)

]rkd;apG a& at rdk;apG}

tdrfa&S hjcH0if;qDu ac:oHajumifh rif;OmPfjywif;rS atmufiHk hjunfhvdkufonf/ t1mGm;juD;wpfa,muf ajymif;zl;zuf


aq;vdyfjuD;udk vufuudkifvsuf tdrf0if;xJodk h 0ifvmonf/

]arar atmufrSm {nfhonfvm; rod1ml; rdk;apGvdk hac:aew,f} ol tdrfcef;xJodk h 0ifjyD; today;vdkufonf/

]ymkwfvm; 1m,folrsm;ygvdrfh}

]rdk;apG}

]awmf}
]ESif;rSKefa&mufw,fjum;vdk h ymkwfuJhvm;}

t1mGm;juD;u atmufrS vSSrf;atmfar;ae\/

]1m,folwkef; tpfrrdk;}

]a'G;rSefav}

]a'G;rSef}

]at;ndK tar&,favym,f/ ymkwfw,f a'G;rSefa& a&mufvdk hawmfh}

atmfympfajym&if; rrdk;apG tcef;xJrS xGufonf/ jyD;rS wpfckckudk owd&oGm;ovdk reSif;rSKef 1muf vSnfhjunfh\/

]ymkwfygha&m arhaevdkufwm igheS,f/ at;ndKa&m}

]ymif}
]at rdk;apG igwufcJhraemf}

]vmvm}
rrdk;apG tjyifodk ha&mufoGm;onf/

at;ndKtarwJh/

91
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

tdrfay:odk hwufvmaom t1mGm;juD;onf reSif;rSKef rSwfrdaeaom a'G;rSef rymkwfawmhay/ qHyif jzLjzL usJusJ ? a&S h
oGm;eSpfacsmif;usdK;aejyD; csnfjurf;a&Smapmifudk ycHk;ay:rSm odkif;jcHKxm;onfh t1mGm;juD;onf tdyfcef;xJrS xGufvm
aom reSif;rSKefudk rsufvHk;ay:rSm vufumrdk;vsuf rsufpdarS;pif;&SKH hjunfhonf/

]ESif;rSKefvm;ymJh nnf;wdk hat ae aeedkifvGef;/ pmrvm owif;rjum;/ at;ndKygvmovm;}

xdkar;cGef;ajumifh reSif;rSKef wpfudk,fvHk; awmifhwif;oGm;onf/

]&Sif}

]at;ndKa&mvdk h}

]rod1ml;av}

]aymmhawmfh at;ndK nnf;eJ hygoGm;wmrymkwfvm;}

]tdk rymkwfwm uGsefreJ h1mmqdkifvdk hvJ}

]ymJh 1m,fvdk jzpfukefwmwkef; 1mk&m; 1mk&m;}

t1mGm;juD; wkefwkefcdkufcdkuf jzpfum tdrfwdkifudk rSDvdkufavonf/

]ymkwf&J hvm; ESif;rSKef&,f}

]at;ndK at;ndK &GmrSm r&Sd1ml;vm;}

]at;ndK&GmrSm r&Sdawmhwm eSpfeSpfq,fausmfjyD ath/ igu nnf;eJ hawmh ygoGm;jyD/ wpftkd;wpftdrf xlaxmifaejujyD
xifaewm/ nnf;xGufoGm;wJh nuwnf;u at;ndKvnf; r&Sdawmhwmav/

t1mGm;juD;pum;tqHk;wGif wpftdrfvHk; cPwdwfqdwfoGm;onf/


rif;OmPfonf &Gma&mufuwnf;u rdcifrsufeSmudkom t&dyfwjunfhjunfheSifh *&kpdkuf junfhaecJhol jzpfojzifh
rsufeSmwjznf;jznf; ndSK;EGrf;vmonfudk owdxm;rdonf/ ol ararh tem;odk huyfoGm;vdkuf\/

]ighom;udk igapmifhcJhwm eSpfeSpfq,fawmif ausmfygjyD/ 'gjzifh tck ol1m,frvJ/ ighom; 1m,frvJ}

t1mGm;juD;u ulu,f&mrJhymefjzihf ar;onf/

tm;vHk; 1mmrSrajzedkif/ a'G;rSefudkom ai;aerdju\/

urÇmjuD;rSm udk,fudk,fwdkifawmif rodvdkuf1mJ udk,fh1m0u wjcm;1m0wpfckeJ hcsdwfquf aewwfwmawG qufazmf


xkwfp&mawG &Sdaewwfygvm;/

* * *

92
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(25)

jrpfurf;yg;avSqdyfonf vlolr&Sd1mJ wdwfqdwfjidrfoufae\/ ouf&Sdowå0gqkdvdk h urf;pyfudkif;awm tyifawGjum;


edrfhedrfhav; ysHoef;oGm;onfh iSufwdk hyJ &Sdonf/ a&jyifonf urf;pyfrSm vSdKif;r&Sd1mJ jidrfoufaeojzifh atmufajcu
oJjyifudkyif xGif;azmuf jrifae&onf/ urf;OD; oJjyifrSm avSeSpfpif; &Sdonf/ avSrsm;udk aomifjyifrSm pdkufxm;onfh
ikwfwGif tkef;qHjudk;jzifh csnfaeSmifxm;\/
rsufpda&S hwGif ta&S h1mufurf; a&eHacsmif;qDudk pdrf;jrjrrSKefrSKef vSrf;jrif&onf/

]jrpfajumif;u tckvdkaEG&moDrSm usOf;usOf;av;aygh/ 0gqkd0gacgif jrpfa&wufcsdefrSmqk&d ifawmh vSdKif;awG w0kef;0kef;eJ h


jrpfjyifjuD;ymm urf;rjrif&avmufatmif us,fw,f}

reSif;rSKefu a&pyfoJjyifpdkpdkrSm rwfwwf&yfvsuf ai;&if; ajymaeonf/

]'Dae&mrSm tck arar&yfaewJhtcg arareJ htwl&Sdaeapcsifvdkufwmvdk h wpfa,mufa,mufudk ararowd&oGm;rdvm;/


tJ'g 1m,folvJarar}

ynmom;ygvSaom om;\pum;udk reSif;rSKefu reJpOf;pm;jyD; t"dyÜg,fazmf,l&\/ t"dyÜg,fudk odoGm;aomtcg


rcsdwifuJ jyKH;rdavonf/

]usKyf 1m,fol hudkrsm; owd&p&m &Sdao;vdk hvJ}

]araruvJ &SdrSmaygh/ Oyrm udkat;ndK}

reSif;rSKef\rsufvHk;rsm; rSKef&Da0oGm;onf/

]usKyftem;rSm ol hudk&SdapcsifwJh tcsdefawGu ukefcJhaygh}

]oltck 1m,fa&mufaevJymif}

rif;OmPfu rsufpdatmufu jrpfajumif; tvGefrS oJaomifcHkjuD;udk junfh&if; jrpfa&juD;csdef udk pdwfrSef;jzifh


jrifa,mifjunfhonf/ oHvGifjrpfjuD;udk cPcP jzwfoef; cJHzl;wmrdk h{&m0wDjzpfjyifus,fjuD;\ rdk;umva&
jyifvSdKif;rsm;udk jrifa,mifvmonf/

]arar 'D&Gmuae wdwfwdwfav;xGufwJhnu jrpfjyifrSm vSKd if;awG xefvdkufwm}

]arar t1mGm;rodatmif 1mmjzpfvdk hxGufoGm;wmvJ}

93
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]raeedkifawmhvdk haygh om;&,f/ ararxGufoGm;&wm tajumif;eSpfajumif; &Sdw,fom;/ wpfcku t1mGm;pdwfqif;&Jwm


rjunfh&ufvdk haemufwpfcku at;ndKajumifh}

ararh toHwGif twdwfudk yHkazmfonfh vGrf;qGwf emusifrSKrsm;udk cHpm;vdkuf&onf/

***

94
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(26)

wpfn tdrfodk hrarSsmfvifh1mJ rpdk;juD; a&mufvmonf/


wpfcgrS tdrfodk hrvmzl;aom rpdk;juD; tdrfxJ 0ifvmcsdefu taru vufeSdyfwkHuifrS a&cyfaecdkuf jzpfonf/
arSmifarSmifrJrJeSifhrdk hrpdk;juD;rSef;roday/ vl&dyfawmh jrifonf/ 1m,folrSef; rod/
tdrfrSm a&eHqDukefaeojzifh rD;xGef;rxm;&ao;/ a&eHqDoGm;0,faom ESif;rSKefudk apmifhaejucsdefjzpfonf/

]1m,folvnf; cifjrdKifvm;}

taru toHay;awmhvnf; t&dyfu rajz/ tdrfxJodk hom pGwf0ifoGm;\/

]pHvS pHvS xGufcJhprf;}

avSum;&if;rSm cyfus,fus,f vmatmfawmhrS rcifjrdKifrymkwfrSef; tarodonf/ rpdk;juD;ymkvnf; rodao;/

]ymJh 1m,folwkef; 1m,ftaumifemrnf vmac:aewmwkef;}

a'gojzifh ympfatmfvdkuf\/ tem;wdk;uyfoGm;awmh tarSmifxJrSm rsufrSef;wef;rdaom rsufeSmwpfck/

]usKyfa,mufsm; 'Dvmovm;vdk h}

]tvdkawmf apmfapmfum;um;}

tarhESKwfcrf;wdk hrS xdkpum;omvSsif wkefcdkufpGm xGufvmcJhonf/

]awmfh orD;a&m}

tarh&ifxJrSm ylavmifemusifoGm;onf/ ar;cGef;\t"dyÜg,fu pHvSeSifhyJ orD;jyefqufae ovdkvdk/ apmfum;vSaom


ar;cGef;ajumifh a':av;&Sifonf rpdk;juD;udk avSum;cHkrSm axmifxm;aom oHwkwfjzifh &dkufcsypfvdkuf&rvm;ymk
pOf;pm;onf/
xkdtcsdefrSmyif eSif;rSKefwpfa,muf a&eHqDykvif;av; vufuudkifvsuf tdrfxJ jyef0ifvmonf/

]ymif}
rpdk;juD;rSef;odawmh eSif;rSKef cPcP ajumiftoGm;onf/
ol 1mmvmvkyfwmvJ/ xlxlylyljzifh tarhtem;odk huyfoGm;onf/

]tar 1mmjzpfvdk hvJ}

95
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

wpfckck xl;jcm;vSsif tarhudk umuG,fzkd htqifoifh taetxm;/

]rdeSif;rSKef rpdk;juD;u ol hvif 'Dvmovm;wJh}

]1mm}
yxrawmh ylxlvsuf aEG;oGm;aom ESKwfcrf;tpHku 1mmpum;rS rxGufvm/ tajctaeudk &dyfrdoGm;aom rpdk;juD;u
olrSef;qcsuf vGJjyDymk odvkdufum tjyif jyefxGufonf/ rpdk;juD; jyefxGufawmhrS eSif;rSKefu a&eHqDykvif;eSifh aygufzkd h
tajy;vdkufonf/

]ymJh orD; rvkyfeJ h}

taru qGJxm;onf/

]tar&,f apmfum;vGef;vdk hyg}

]a,mufsm;&Sm;vGef;vdk highvifudkcdk;wJh aumifrursm;}

ymk rjum;wjum; a&&GwfoGm;ayrJh taruawmh jum;vdkufonf/ xkdpum;tqHk;wGif tarwif;qnfxm;orSsawG


avsmhusum rmefcsvdkufawmhonf/

vifcdk;r ymlaom pGyfpGJrSKudk aqGpOfrsdK;quf wpfcgrS cHcJh&zl;onf rymkwf/

]nnf;ajumifh nnf;ajumifh}

]ymkwfygw,f tar usKyfrSm;rdygw,f/ usKyfudk aoatmifom owfypfvdkufygawmh}

pdwfnpfnpfeSifh ESif;rSKef idkcsvdkufrdonf/

wu,fvnf; avmurS touf&Sifae&wm &Suf&GH hzG,fymkom xifvm\/ 1mmjyD;vSsif 1mmjzpfrnfqdkonfh


arSsmfvifhcsufvnf; r&Sd/ ae h&Sdoa&G h1m,folursm; 1mmpum;jzifh apmif;ajrmif;twif;qdkrvJ/ 1m,folursm; tdrfa&S h
jzwfoGm;&if; xGDceJ wHawG;axG;oGm;rvJ/ 'gudkyJ pdk;&drfajumifhju ae&onfh1m0/
taronf 1mk&m;pifa&S hrSm usHK husHK hxkdifvsuf rsuf&nfawGawG usaecJhonf/
tarhrsuf&nfwdk honf eSif;rSKeftwGuf ylavmif&Hkomru uGsrf;vkrwwf a0'emawGyg/
xkdtcsdefrSmyif eSif;rSKef qHk;jzwfcsuf csvdkufjcif; jzpfonf/

tarhudk onfhxufydkjyD; pdwfrqif;&Jap&/ rSm;,Gif;rdolu rdrd/ 1mmrqkdif nmrqdkif tarhcrsm pdwfaomu


a&muf&&Smavonf/ ig&SdaeorSs 'D t&SufjuD; &SdaerSmyJ/ 'Dawmhig r&SdrS at;r,f/
odk haomf xGufajy;zdk hqHk;jzwfcsufudk csjzpfatmif wGef;tm;ay;vdkufwmu tarhrsuf&nf tjyif at;ndK\ a'govnf;
ygonf/
xkdn rpdk;juD; atmfjuD;ympfus,f &efawG hoGm;jyD; onfhaemuf rjumcifrSmyif wpf1muftdrfqDrS atmfoHawG jum;vdkuf
&onf/

]a'G;rSef a'G;rSef at;ndK&,f "g;eJ hvdkufckwfaevdk hvmygtHk;}

trsdK;orD;oHwpfck toHysmysmeSifh atmfonfhtoH/

96
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]at;ndK ymkwfvm;}

]&Gmawmifzsm;rSm udkpHvSudk "g;eJ hvdkufckwfaew,f aoukefjyDvm;rod1ml;/ oGm;ygtHk;/ udkat;udk &Sdvm;}

xkdtcsdefrSm a'G;rSefvnf; om;aZmeSifh ajy;xGufoGm;csdef eSif;rSKefuvnf; rdrdt&SufeSifh ywfoufaejyDymk odoGm;um


a'G;rSefaemufae tajy;tvTm; vdkufoGm;rdonf/

1mk&m;a& rjrif0HhomawG aoG;oH&J&J rjzpfygapeJ h/ raoygapeJ h/


&orSs 1mk&m;pmawG tjrD;tarmufrwnfh1mJ &Gwfqdkvsuf zdeyfawmif ryg1mJ ajy;&onf/
&Gmawmifzsm;a&mufawmh vltkyfjuD;u enf;wmrS rymkwf1mJ/ axG;av;OD;pdefarmifudkvnf; awG honf/

]eSif;rSKef jyefjyef eifrvmeJ h}

olu vSrf;atmfawmh eSif;rSKef ydkpdwfyloGm;onf/ vltyk fxJ twif;0ifrdonf/

a'G;rSefuvnf; ]om;av; at;ndK om;} ymk atmfum vltkyfxJ ajy;onf/

]vTwfprf;yg 'DacG;om;udk usKyfowf&rS jzpfr,f}

a'gowjuD; wkef,ifaeonfh at;ndKtoHudk jum;&rS eSif;rSKef &ifxJu tvHk;juD; usoGm;onf/ at;ndK1mmrS


rjzpf1ml;/ ymkdvl hudkvnf; rowf&ao;1ml;/
vltkyfu eSif;rSKefeSifh a'G;rSefudk ae&mz,fay;ojzifh twGif;odk ha&mufoGm;onfhtcgrSmawmh udkpHvS ycHk;qDrS
aoG;oH&J&Judk jrifvdkuf&awmh rdkufceJ rl;a0oGm;onf/

]at;ndK vmvm/ a'gorjuD;eJ hav/ ighnD tarhudkvnf; rif;iJ htHk;rSaygh/ vmvm}

udkat;udku ol hnDudk acsmharmh qGJac:onfhtcsdefwGif eSif;rSKefu vljum;xJwGif ,dkifceJ vJusoGm;onf/

eSif;rSKefudk ayG hvdkufolu oefrmaom a,musfm;wpfa,mufrSef;awmh odyg&J h/ 1m,folvJ qdkwm vHk;0rodvdkuf/


eSif;rSKef owdvpfoGm;aomajumifh jzpfonf/ owd&vmonfhtcg tdrfay:xyf 1mk&m;pifa&S hrSm eSif;rSKef a&mufaejyDudk
odvdkuf&onf/
xkdnrSm uspfaeatmif pkxm;aom ydkufqHav;awGeSifh tarh"gwfyHkav; vufwpf0g;avmufudk c&D;aqmif
tdwfao;ao;xJ xnfhvdkufonf/ 0wfpHkoHk;pHkavmuf xnfhvdkufonf/

tarhudk jcifaxmifcsay;vdkufjyD; tarhjcifaxmifajc&if;rSm eSif;rSKef tjumjuD; xkdifaecJhonf/


tarhudk 'Dwpfouf jyefjrif&awmhrSm rymkwf1ml;ymk qHk;jzwfcsufudk cstjyD;rSm eSif;rSKef yg;pyfudk vufjzifh tkyfvsuf
toHrxGufatmif qif;&Jyifyef;pGm judwfidk&avonf/
***

97
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(27)

nq,fem&D vlajcwdwfcsdefwGif arSmifrJaeaom a&pyfpyfoJajr&Gmvrf;wpfavSSsmuf eSif;rSKef wpGwfpGwf avSsmufvmcJh


onf/ tdrfwdkiftajcawGxdatmif a&wufpjyKaejyD/ tdrfawGqDrSm rD;cGuftvif;a&mif r&Sdjuawmh1mJ wpf&GmvHk;
tdyfarmusaecJhjyD/ eSif;rSKef xGufcGmrnfh ,ae h nusrS rdk;uonf;onf;rJrJ &GmoGef;aeavonf/ eSif;rSKef qHk;jzwfjyD;jyD/
onftcsdefu wdwfwqdwfxGufcGm&ef toifhawmfqHk;tcsdef/ acG;awGawmif tjyifrSm r&Sdjuawmhonfhtcsdef/
eSif;rSKefudk 1m,folrS jrifrSmrymkwf/ &efjyKrnfh tEÅ&m,fvnf; r&Sd/ wm;jrpfrnfh taeSmifht,Sufvnf; r&Sd/ xD;udk
,lrvmcJhcsifojzifh carmufav;udkyJ aqmif;jyD; c&D;aqmiftdwfaysmhav;udk vG,fvsuf a&xJrSm okwfokwf
avSsmufvmaom eSif;rSKef wpfudk,fvHk; rdk;a&jzifh &TJpdkaeawmhonf/

avSrS &Sdyghrvm;/ avSr&SdvSsifjzifh 1m,favmufyJ vlrodatmif ajy;csifonfqdkOD;awmh rajy;om/ eHeufa0vDa0vif;


trsm;tjrifrSm ajy;zkd huawmh 1m,fvkdrS rjzpfedkif/ taru qGJ&kef;xdk;judwfac:rSmtrSefyJ/ 1mk&m;a& avSwpfpif;awmh
&Sdaeygap/ aemufjyD; avSmfwufvnf; avS0rf;xJrSm &Sdaeygap/ avSmfwufr&SdvSsif tdrfjyefjyD; tdrfatmufwkdifrSm
csdwfxm;aom taz&SdpOfu oHk;cJhonfh avSmfwufudk jyef,lrSyJ/ xdkavSmfwufjuD;u av;vHvSonf/
ajcaxmufrSm a&u ydkrdkepfvmonf/ 'll;qpfxdepfrS urf;pyfavSqdyfodk ha&mufawmhrnfymk odvdkufonf/ nm1mufudk
enf;enf;auG hrS/ rymkwf&if aomifcHkcsdKifhjuD;xJ usoGm;vSsif vlwpf&yfavmuf eufoGm;vdrfhrnf/ eSif;rSKef
owdxm;vsuf a&xJrSm AGrf;ceJ AGrf;ceJ toHrjrnfatmif xdef;um avSsmufvmaecJh&onf/ va&mifr&Sdaom nrdk h
t&m&monf cyfrSdefrSdefysys tvif;a&mifrSm a0a00g;0g;/ eSif;rSKef tavmwjuD; arSsmfjunfhvdkuf\/

aymmymdkymm avSrymkwfvm;/ rJrJt&dyf&Snfvsm;vsm;onf a&a1mmif1mifwGif ymdk,drf;onf,drf; vSKyf&rf;aeonf/


uHaumif;vdk h/ eSif;rSKef&ifxJrS tvHk;juD;u usoGm;\/ avSteD;odk howdjzifh uyfoGm;onf/ ajrGawG 1mmawG avSrSm
acGaewwfonfymk jum;zl;onf/ avScsnfaom ikwfwdkifrSmacGaewmu ajrGrymkwf/ usyfvHk;cef htkef;qHjudk;jzpfonf/
avSeHudk vufjzifh xdef;udkifvsuf avSxJodk hjunfhvdkufonf/ avSmfwuf/ avS0rf;xJrSm avS0rf;eH&Ha1mmifudk uyfvsuf
avSmfwufwpfckudk prf;awG honf/

eSif;rSKef vG,fxm;aom tdwfav;udk avSxJudk 1mkwfceJ jrnfatmif ypfcsvdkufjyD; tkef;qHjudk;udk jznfzdk h vufvSrf;
vdkufpOfrSmyif ausmxJrSm pdrfhceJ at;pufwkefvSKyfoGm;\/ a&jyifrSm AGrf;AGrf;jrnfaom toHwpfckudk aemufausm
1mufuae jum;vdkuf&avonf/

trav;/ 1mmygvdrfh/

acgif;xJrSm ylxloGm;jyD; ajumufajumufvef hvef heSifh vSnfhjunfhvdkufonf/

a&udk jzwfvsuf cyfoGufoGufavsmufvmaeaom vlwpfa,mufoP²mef/ 1m,folvJ/ vlqdk;vm;/ 1mmvdkcsifvdk h


ighqDvmaewmvJ/ eSif;rSKefonf tkef;qHjudk;udk jznfaeonfh vufwdk hat;cJxHkusifum xdvkd hxdrSef;rod1mJ

98
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

vdk&mra&muf wqwfqwfwkefae\/ vSdKif;awGykwfojzifh avSu ymdk,drf; onf,drf; ,drf;ae&mrS jukd;uvnf; ydkydk


wif;usyfaeonf/

]eSif;rSKef}

]ymif}

'DtoH/ cyfoG,foG,fjrifhjrifh udk,fcE¨mudk ajumiftpGm ai;aerdawmhonf/

]at;ndKvm;ymif}

]at;}

]trav;/ igh wjcm;vlqdk;rSwfvdk hym,f aoawmhrSmyJ vef hvdkufwmrS}

eSif;rSKefylxloGm;cJhaom &if1mwfudk vufjzihf tckrS zdvsuf yifhoufcsedkifawmhonf/

]eif1mmawGvkyfzkd hjuHpnfaewmvJvdk higvdkufjunfhwm}

]at;ndK ig'DrSm aevdk hrjzpfawmh1ml;/ ig oGm;awmhrvdk h}

teD;odk hat;ndKa&mufvmonf/

]1m,fudk oGm;rSmvJ}

]1m,f&,fvdk hawmh rodao;1ml;/ a&muf&m ayguf&maygh}

at;ndK\vufxJwGif cyfazmif;azmif; vG,ftdwfwpfvHk;udk jrif&awmh 1mmvkyfrnfh vG,ftdwfvJymk wpfcsufem;rvnf


vdkuf/ at;ndKu ol hvG,ftdwfudk avS0rf;xJodk h ypfcsvdkufonf/

]roGm;&1ml;/ 1mmrS pdwfrul;eJ h}

xdk haemuf at;ndKu eSif;rSKef cufcufcJcJjznfaeaom judk;udk wpfcsufyJ jznfvdkufonf/ xdk haemufjudk;udk avSay:odk h
ypfwifvdkuf\/ judk;vGwfoGm;aom avSu vSdKif;jzifh vl;oGm;onfhtcg at;ndKu avSeH&Hudk xdef;udkifay;onf/

]wuf}

]ymif}

]wufav/ eifwpfae&m&mudk ajy;csifw,fqdk&if eifwpfa,mufwnf;awmh roGm;&1ml;/ igvdkufcJhr,f}


]1mmajymw,f}

eSif;rSKefonf rarSsmfvifhaom pum;udk jum;vdkuf&ojzifh tHhjowjuD; ajumifoGm;\/

]eifhaemufudk igvdkufcJhr,fvdk hajymwm}

99
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]ymif 1m,fjzpfrvJ}

]1mmvdk hrjzpf&rvJ}

eSif;rSKefonf at;ndK\rsufeSmudk arSmifxJwGif armhjunfh&if; rsuf&nfawG &pf0dkif;vmonf/

]at;ndK&,f}

eSif;rSKefonf at;ndKudk wG,fjidrdvdrfhrnfymk wpfcgrS awG;rjunfhcJhzl;acs/ &ifckefp&maumif;onfh ol htjunfhwdk hudk


cPcP jyefowd&aewm? ol hudk pdwful;xJrSm &nf;pm;xm;junfhwmawmh &Sdyg&J h/ odk haomf

]rjzpfedkifwmjuD;udk ym,f/ ighymmig wpfae&mudk oGm;r,f/ eifeJ high'ku©eJ h1mmqdkifvdk hvJ}

]eifh'ku©u igh'ku©yJaygh eSif;rSKef&m/ eifhudk igapmifha&Smufr,fav/ igom;rSwfrSwf r,m;rSwfrSwf aygif;yghr,f/eifr,Hk


1ml;vm;/}
at;ndKu toH tuftufjzifh ajymonf/

]ymifhtif;}

'Dpum;udk 1mmjzpfvdk htckrS vmajymae&ovJ at;ndK/ ymdkwkef;u eifightem;rSm1mmjzpfvkd heD;eD;uyfuyf &SdraecJh


wmvJ/ eifom ightem;rSm &SdcJh&if ighudk 1m,folapmfum;&JrSmvJ at;ndK&J h/

]eSif;rSKef}

]igig eifhudk ,Hkygw,f/ 'gayrJh r&1ml;/ ighrSm AdkufjuD;eJ hav/ ighudk eifr&GH1ml;vm;}

]ymm 1mmqdkifvdk hvJ}

]ymifhtif; rjzpf1ml;/ ighymm igoGm;r,f/ eifvHk;0rvdkuf&1ml;/ z,f eifjyefawmh}

aysmhnHhpGm tm;udk;csifvmonfhpdwfudk jyefwif;vsuf eSif;rSKef avoHrmrmjzifh ajymcsvdkufonf/

]z,fav/ ighymmig avSmfr,f/ eifrvdk1ml;av}

]igvdkufr,f/ eifhwpfa,mufwnf;udk igrvTwfedkif1ml;/ olpdrf;awGtv,frSm 'ku©a&mufoGm;rSmayhg}

]a&mufyapayghymm/ ightjypfeJ higyJ/ eifu 1mmrSrqdkif1mJ 0ifcHp&mrvdk1ml;/ 'gyJaemf eif jyefrvm; rjyef1ml;vm;/
eifrjyef&if aymmymdk1mufu a&0JxJudk igul;oGm;jyD; owfaoypfvdkufr,f}

]tckvJ 1mmxl;vJ eif'DavSudk wpfa,mufwnf; avSmfoGm;&if aorSmyJ}

]1mmvdk hao&rvJ/ igavSavSmfwwfygw,f}

eSif;rSKefjidrfoGm;onf/ arSmifjuD;rJjuD;rSm 0kef;ceJ 0kef;ceJ jrnfymdef;aeonfh vSdKif;vHk;juD;rsm;onf eSif;rSKefwdk h&yfae&m

100
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

urff;pyfudkyif t&Sdefjzifh vSdrfhvSdrfh&dkufvmaecJhonf jzpf&m jrpfv,facgif 0g;q,fjyefavmufeufrnfh a&jyifus,fxJrSm


1m,favmufrsm; vSdKif;wefydk;xefvdkufavrvJ/
arSsmfjunfhvdkuf&if; &ifxJrSm ylavmifaom aomu 0ifa&mufvmonf/

]tdk aovJ at;wmygyJ/ ao&ifao rao&if 'D&Gmuae vGwfr,f/ igawmh 1mmjzpfjzpf oGm;rSmyJ}

aemufqHk;rSmawmh at;ndKu acgif;rmaom eSif;rSKefudk tavSsmhay;vdkufonf/

]uJymm aumif;jyD/ jrpfymdk1mufurf;a&mufatmif igavSavSmfjyD; vdkufydk hay;r,f/ jum&if vlawG &dyfrdjyD;


eifhtjuHtpnfysufr,f/
xkdnu rdk;onf;onf;wGif eSpfa,mufvHk; &TJepfum cdkufcdkufwkef csrf;at;vsuf jrpfjyifus,fudk avSjzifh
ul;jzwfvmcJhjuonf/ 0kef;ceJ ykwfcwfvdkufaom vSdKif;wdk hu wpfcgw&H avSxJodk hyif 0ifa&mufvm\/ avSu
0rf;odyfrvHkojzifh eSif;rSKefu pdrfh0ifvmaom a&wdk hudk vufckyfjzifh cyfcyfywf ae&onf/

uGsef;xJudkif;xJ jrpfem;eD;eD;aevmjuolrdk hjrpfa&rSm avSeSifh oGm;&wm rxl;qef;aomfvnf; tckvdk vljuD;awGryg1mJ


olwdk hcsnf; vSdKif;xefonfh jrpfjyifrSm avSmfcwfae&aomtcg eSif;rSKefwpfudk,fvHk; wif;usyfvsuf &ifxJrSm w'dkif;'dkif;
ckefatmif ajumufvef haecJhonf/

ywf0ef;usifwpfckvHk; rdk;oD;rdk;aygufawGjzifh arSmifrJaeonfhn/ vSdKif;wdk honf awmfvJoHvdk toHjuD;jzifh atmfatmfjyD;


wufvmum avSudk 0kef;ceJ aqmifhvmonf/

]eSif;rSKef igwpfa,mufwnf; 'Da&pD;udk redkif1ml;/ eif ulcwfOD;/ ymkdysOfcsyfav;eJ hcwf}

urf;rjrif vrf;rjrif arSmifjuD;rJjuD;rSm 0JqDudk ra&mufatmif olwdk huav; eSpfa,muf juHk;&kef;avSmfcwfae&\/


at;ndK\a,musfm;av;tm;jzihfyif avSonf vdk&mra&muf1mJ a&vSdKif;wGif csmvnfvsuf &Sdonf/

]at;ndK 0J 0J 0J &Sdw,faemf}

]at; at;yg/ eif1mmrS rajumufeJ hrjunfheJ hcP rsufpdrSdwfxm;}

rajumufeJ hymk eSpfodrfhaom at;ndK\toHawGu ajcmufaoG hwkefcgaecJhonf/

tar/ usKyfrSm;oGm;jyDvm; rod1ml;/


eSif;rSKefonf 1mk&m;pmudk &oavmuf wwGwfwGwf &Gwfvm&if; ysOfcsyfav;jzifh edkiforSs 0efudk xrf;vsuf
ulavSmfcwfay;aerdonf/ vSdKif;u ykwf avSuapmif;/ cyfrxkwfedkifonfha&awGu avS0rf;xJrSm tjynfh/
rsufpdzGifhjunfhavawmh a&eHacsmif;1mufu rD;a&mifawGu ydkrsm; a0;oGm;ovm; ymk tm;avsmhoGm;onf/
jrpfjyifus,fjuD;&,f ymdk1mufurf;udk ra&mufekdifawmh1ml;vm;uG,f/

]0Ju usefcJhjyD eSif;rSKef/ rajumufeJ haemf/ igwdk hwpf1mufurf;udk a&mufawmhrSmyg}

a&eHacsmif;urf;pyf1mufodk heD;vmawmhrS at;ndKu oufrcsedkifonf/ a&eHacsmif;1mufrS rD;a&mifvufvufwdk hudk


jrif&awmh tm;wufoGm;onf/

]rajumufeJ haemf rESif;rSKef igwkd raoedkifawmh1ml;/ tEå&m,fuae vGwfjyDaymh}


at;ndKvwfwavm touftwGuf pdwfat;&jyDrdk heSif;rSKefudk pdwfajymif;atmif acsmharmhzdk h judk;pm;jyefonf/

101
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]wdk heSpfa,muf&J hoD;oef h1m0av;wpfck rxlaxmifcsif1ml;vm;/ at'ifO,smefav;vdkaygh}

ol cPcPoDqdkaeus at'ifO,smOfrSm yef;&eH hawG arT;ysH haerSmyJymk eSif;rSKef pdwful;,Ofzl;onf/


ig;vavmuf&SdjyDymk tarajymaom udk,fhAdkufudk ikH hjunfhvsuf eSif;rSKef tHwif;wif;judwf wdwfqdwfaevdkufonf/

]eSif;rSKef eifodvm;/ eifr&Sd&if igh1m0uvJ ajcmufaoG haewJh &dk;jywfawmjuD;vdkyJ rD;avmifjyD;usefawmhrSm}

eSif;rSKef tarSmifxJodk hom pl;pdkufjunfhaevdkufonf/

]eifa&m igr&Sd1mJeJ htqifajyr,fxifvdk hvm; eSif;rSKef}

at;ndK&,f/ eifajymwJhpum;awGu ightwGuf tm;wufp&mawGygyJ/ eifh&J haz;rulnDrSK udkvnf; av;pm;ygw,f/


'gayrJh aemufusoGm;jyD/
a&eHacsmif;urf;yg;odk ha&mufonfhtcg rdk;pJoGm;\/
xkdnu a&eHacsmif;urf;pyfodk htwufwGif eSif;rSKefonf jrpfymdk1mufurf;u tarwdk h &Sd&m&GmqD rSef;qjyD; vuftkyfcsD
uefawmhcJhonf/

]usKyfudk tar 1m,fawmhrS jyefawG hrSm rymkwfawmh1ml;/ orD;rdkufudk cGifhvTwfyg tar}

at;ndKu eSif;rSKeftm; urf;ezl;tdrfav;awG qDrS rD;a&mifrdSefrSdefysyswGif cyfjumjumai;pdkufjunhfaecJhonf/


eSif;rSKefonf avSjzifh jyefavSmfcwfoGm;rnfh at;ndKtwGuf pdk;&drfylyefrdjyefonf/

]at;ndK eif owdxm;avSmfaemf}

at;ndKu oleSifhtwl avSay:rS vdkufqif;onf/

]igrjyefawmh1ml; eSif;rSKef/ igxGufvmuwnf;u jyefzdk hxGufvmwmrymkwf1ml;}

ajymjyD; a&pdk&TJaeonfh ol hvG,ftdwfav;udk aumuf,lvdkufonf/

]ymif}

eSif;rSKef rsufarSmifusHK hoGm;onf/

]eifhudk apmifha&Smufr,fqdkwJhpdwfeJ h,wdjywfqHk;jzwfcsuf cscJhwm}

eSif;rSKef aemufodk hajcvSrf;wpfcsuf qkwfvdkufrd\/

]'gayrJh pdwfrylygeJ heSif;rSKef igu olrsm;ray;wm wpfckudkvJ t"r®rawmif;yg1ml;/ eifrvdkufapcsif&if igrvdkufyg1ml;}

]'gjzifh}

at;ndKu eSif;rSKefeSifhrsufeSmcsif;qdkifwnfhwnfh &yf\/ eSif;rSKef ol hudk em;rvnfedkifpGm armhjunfhrdonf\/

]wdk heSpfa,mufrSm wpfa,mufu rdkufrdkufrJrJ ajcOD;wnfh&m avSsmufoGm;awmhr,fvdk h qHk;jzwfxm;jyD;wJhol jzpfaew,f

102
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

rymkwfvm;/ wpfa,mufu oGm;ae&if usefwJholu wpfae&mwnf;rSm &yfaerS 'DeSpfa,muf jyefqHkedkifrSmav}

at;ndKu eSif;rSKefudk tjumjuD; iHk hjunfhaeonf/ tarSmifxJrSm at;ndK\rsufvHk;awGudk taotcsmrjrif&aomfvnf;


vufceJ jzmoGm;vdkufwm tjuifemawGyJ rymkwfvm;/

]'Dawmh igapmifhr,faemf eSif;rSKef/ igeifhudk &yfapmifhaer,f}

at;ndKu cdkifrmaom avoHjzifh wpfvHk;csif;ajym\/

]awmifwGif;juD;txGufrSm acsmif;eufqdkwJh &Gmav;wpf&Gm &Sdw,f/ tJ'DrSm aiG1mHkomqdkwJh 1mkef;juD;ausmif;wpfck


&Sdw,f/tJ'DrSmeifhudkigapmifhaer,f/ eifpdwfajymif;oGm;wJhwpfae h'grSrymkwf eif'ku©awG hvm vdk highudk vdktyfvmwJh
wpfae hrSm eif tJ'Dudk vdkufvmcJhyg eSif;rSKef/ igeifhudk apmifhaer,f/ &Gmrjyef1mJ apmifhaer,f/ 1m,frSroGm;1mJ
apmifhaer,f}

eSif;rSKef rarSsmifvifhaompum;awGajumifh r,HkjunfedkifpGm ai;junfhaerdonf/

]eifvdkufvmcJhaemf eSif;rSKef}

eSif;rSKef 1mmpum;rS rajymedkif/

]wpfckawmh ighudk uwday;yg eSif;rSKef/ eif udk,fhudk,fudk owfrao&1ml;/ 1m,fheS,fhvJ}

eSif;rSKef acgif;udk oHk;av;judrfqufwdkuf ndwfypfvdkuf\/

]aemufjyD; eif1m,fol hudkrS 'Dtajumif;rajym&1ml;/ eifhudk 'D1mufurf;vdkufydk hwmvJ rajym&1ml;/ igaiG1mHkomrSm


&SdaewJhtajumif;vJ rajym&1ml;}

eSif;rSKef cPcP awGa0oGm;jyD; acgif;xyfndwfvdkufjyef\/

at;ndKu eSif;rSKef\vufxJodk hwpfckck xnfhay;onf/ ydkufqHxnfhonfh t0wftdwfjym;av; jzpfonf/ xkdtxJwGif


rmacgufacguft&mav;awG &SdrSef; eSif;rSKef owdxm;vdkufrd\/

]ymifhtif; ig r,l1ml;/ ighrSmygw,f}

],lk oGm;prf;}

rmausmonfhavoHjzifh at;ndKu ajym\/ eSif;rSKef tomjidrfoufae&onf/

]igeJ heifeJ htwl xGufoGm;w,fvdk h&Gmu xifjuygap}

olwdk hvrf;cGJjuonfhtcsdefrSm jurf;wrf;aom rdk;oufavajumifh urf;yg;xdyf 1mk&m;apwDqDu qGJvJoHav;awGudk


jum;vdkuf&onf/

eSif;rSKefu vSnfhxGufjyDqdkrSawmh aemufrqkwfcsifolyg/ odk haomf &yfusefcJhonfh at;ndKudk wpfcsufawmh

103
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

vSnfhjunfhrdonf/
tarSmifxJwGif &SnfoG,faom oP²mefonf rwkefrvSKyf/ pum;wpfcGef;awmh xyfajymonf/

]aiG1mHkomaemf eSif;rSKef/ acsmif;eufu aiG1mHkom/ eifhudk igapmifhaer,f/ wpfoufvHk; apmifhaer,f}

***

104
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(28)

aemufausm1mufrS qnf;qmaea&mifajumifh olwdk ha&S hrS jrpfjyifrSm eDjref;awmufyvsuf &Sdonf/ iSufwpftkyf


aumif;uifrSm cyfedrfhedrfhav; ysHoef;oGm;\/ 1mmiSufawGvJymk olowdrxm;rdvdkuf/
rif;OmPfonf tcspfqdkaomt&mudk vSKyf&Sm;wufjuGapaom wGef;tm;tjzpfom awG;xifcJhzl;onf/ tcspfudk &yfwef h
apmifhqdkif;zdk hxdef;csKyfaomtm;tjzpf wpfcgrS awG;rjunfhcJhzl;ay/
tcspfqdkwm vlwpfa,mufudk ausmuf&kyfwpfckvdk &yfwef haecsifpdwfudk ay;pGrf;ovm;/ tJ'g wu,fvm;/

]acsmif;eufqdkwm 1m,fae&mavmufvJ arar}

rdcifu ol hudk vSnfhjunfhonf/ rdcif\rsufvHk;rsm; &Da0rSKefrdSKif;aeonfudk jrif&onf/

]rod1ml;]

]arar 1m,fvdkxifvJ ol tJ'DrSm tckxd]

]'Davmuf eSpfawGjumatmif 1m,fapmifhrvJ/ olwpfae&m&mrSm tdrfaxmifawG 1mmawG usaea&maygh}

rif;OmPfonf olwpfcgrS rjrifzl;onfh vlwpfa,muf\ae&mrSm 0ifjunhfzkd hjudk;pm;onf/ rdrdom ol hae&mrSm


&SdcJhvSsif 1m,fawmhrS a&mufrvmonfh cspfoludk qufapmifhaervm;/
vGefcJhonfheSpfq,fhckepfeSpfwkef;u q,fausmfouf a,musfm;wpfa,muf\tcspf uawmht&dyfay;zdk hcdkifjrJpGm
tjrpfwG,fjyD; &Sifoefusef&pfcJhonfh opfyifwpfyif jzpfaeavonf/

]arar ol htajumif;udk 1m,fol hudkrS rajymjycJhwm 1mmjzpfvdk hvJ}

rdcifu oufjyif;csonf/

]'Davmuf eSpfawGtjumjuD; &Gmudk jyefrvm1mJaevdrfhr,fvdk hvJ 1m,foluwGufrdrSmwkef; om;&,f}

]arar uGsefawmfwdk ht1mGm;rSefudkawmh trSeftwdkif; zGifhajymjurS jzpfr,faemf]

]ajym&rvm;ymif}

]ajymrS jzpfrSmaygh arar]

]arar 1m,fvdkpjyD; ajym&rvJ/ arar rajymwwf1ml;/ om;yJ ajymay;yguG,f]

105
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]rjzpf1ml; arar/ 'gu ararajymjy&rJh udpö/ om;rSm tJ'DtcGifhta&; r&Sd1ml;/ ararhrSmyJ &Sdw,f/ 1mmjzpfvdk hvJqdkawmh
ol hom;udk aemufqHk;awG hjyD; eSKwfqufcJh&wJholu ararav}

reSif;rSKef pdwfudkavSsmhcsvdkufjyD; acgif;ndwfvdkuf\/

avSqdyfuaeom;trdjyefwufvmawmh &Gmuav;wGif a&eHqDrD;cGufeSifh 1mufx&Dtdk;wdk h\ ta&mif awGyif vufaejyD/


tdrfudk rjyefcif 1mGm;rSefwdk htdrfodk ht&if0ifvdkufjuonf/
1mGm;rSefwdk hxrif;pm;zdk hjyifqifaejuonf/

]apmEG,fa& eSif;rSKefwdk htwGufyg xrif;xnfhcJh}

]rpm;awmh1ml; a'G;rSef uGsefr a'G;rSefukd ajymp&mwpfck &Sdvkd h/ a'G;rSefwdk hawmifwGif;juD; 1mufrSm aqGrsdK;awG1mmawG
&Sdvm;]

]aym awmifwGif;jud; r&Sdyg1ml;}

a'G;rSef\ajr;ru yef;uefeSpfcsyfwGif xrif;awG xnfh,lvmonf/

]aeygap apmEG,f wdk hrpm;yg1ml;}

]tdkpm;oGm;ygat/ ymif;uawmh raumif;1ml;aygh/ 1ml;oD;eJ hig;ajcmuf/ i&kwfoD;rD;uif axmif;eJ h}

rdom;pk xrif;0dkif;rSm rif;OmPfwdk hu taeSmifht,SufjzpfaerSmpdk;í cyfjrefjref jyefxGufvdkonf/ odk haomf


tckajymvdkufvdk ha'G;rSef pdwfvSKyf&Sm;ylyifoGm;um xrif;pm; ysufoGm;rSmudkvnf; rvdkvm;ay/

]1mmvdk har;wmvJ}

]atmf uGsefr owd&wmwpfck&Sdvkd hwu,ftJ'Dtwdkif; ymkwfvm; rymkwfvm;awmh uGsefrvJ rodawmh1ml;}

xdk haemuf at;ndKajymcJhaom pum;udk a'G;rSeftm; ajymjyvdkufavonf/

a'G;rSefwpfa,muf rwfwwf&yfae&muae xrif;pm;rnfh uGyfyspfay:odk haysmhacGpGm xkdifvsuf usoGm;onf/


***

106
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(29)

tdrfjyefa&mufonfhtcg t1mGm;a':av;&Sif\tdrfrSm {nfhonfawGjzifh pnfum;vsuf &Sdonf/ eSpfaygif;tpdwf


ausmfjumjrifhcJhjyD;onfhaemuf owif;oef hoef hav;awmif rjum;&1mJ ZmwfjrKyfoGm;cJhaom eSif;rSKefudk arharhavsmhavsmh
yif jzpfaejujyDrdk heSif;rSKefqdkwm 1m,folvJymk ar;,l&onfh vljuD;awGvnf; &Sdyg&J h/ trsm;pkuawmh reSif;rSKefqdkonfh
emrnfjum;&HkeSifh tjzpftysufudk rae hwpfae huvdk owd&oGm;juonf/
&GmuvlawGonf eSif;rSKef\,ck &kyf&nfudk jrifcsifjuonf/ eSif;rSKef\AdkufxJu xGufvmaom uav;udk
jrifzl;csifjuonf/

]eSif;rSKefwJhvm; ymkwfvm; 'gjzifh reufu igawG hcJhwJh rdef;r cyfacsmacsmymm eSif;rSKefyJaygh]

rcifjrdKifu 1mufx&DrD;acsmif;tvif;a&mif atmufrS reSif;rSKeftm; twnfhjunfhvdkuf apmif;junfhvdkuf ar;zsm;ukd


udkifjunfhvdkufeSifh wkefwkefcdkufcdkuf &,favonf/

]trav; igu nnf;udk aojyDvdk hatmufarhaewmawmh/ nnf;eS,fat 'DavmuftjumjuD; &Gmudk ypfxm;cJh&w,fvdk h


nnf; 1m,frSma&mufaewmvJ/ tdrfaxmifusoGm;yvm;/ nnf;rSm om;wpfa,mufygvmw,fqdk tJ'g 1m,foleJ h
&wJhom;vJ/ ymdkAdkufua&m 1m,fa&mufoGm;cJhwmvJ]

aymmaymm'dkif;'dkif; ar;csypfvdkufonf/

reSif;rSKefonf rdrdvufudk aEG;axG;pGm qkyfnSpfvdkufaomom;vufudk jyefvnf qkyfudkifvsuf jyHK;zdk hjudk;pm;\/


rjyHK;edkif/ ajzzdk hvnf; tm;,lqJrSm om;u ajzvdkuf\/

]tJ'D AddkufxJu uav;u uGsefawmfyJ}

]aym]

jzLqGwfaom &SwftusF Dvuf&Snf? teufeSifhr&rf;uGuf pdwfpdwfcsnfykqdk;eSifh xnfxnf0g0g wnfjidrfvSaom


vli,fudk rcifjrdKifu yg;pyftaymmif;om;eSifh armhjunfh&onf/ wpfcPawmh 1mmajym&rSef; rod1mJ qGH htoGm;\/

]ym,f ymkwfvm; at; juD;vSygyaumvm;}

rESif;rSKef jyHK;ae&onf/ rcifjrdKifudk junfh&if; vGefcJhonfh ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmu wpfnaecif;udk zswfceJ awG;rdoGm;awmh


rESif;rSKef tHjudwfvdkufrdonf/ om;udk junfhrdjyefawmh wif;juyfaeaom rsufeSmu El;nHhaysmhaysmif;oGm;jyef\/
1mmawGyJ jzpfcJhjzpfcJh/ 1mmeJ hyJ vJcJh&vJcJh&/ om;udk igh1m0xJrSm &vdkufwJhtwGuf xdkufwefw,f/
junfhygvm;/ tcktdrfay:rSm jynfhvSsHaewJh y&dowfxJrSm ighom;avmuf Oy"d&kyfaumif;jyD; xnf0gcef hnm;wm
1m,folrsm; &Sdvdk hwkef;/ reSif;rSKef 1m0ifjrifhcsifvm\/

107
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]eSif;rSKef nnf; tck 1mmawGrsm; vkyfudkifpm;aomufaewkef; tqifajy&J hvm;}

reSif;rSKef ajzp&m rvdk/]

]tckawmh araru 1mmrS vkyfp&m rvdkawmhyg1ml; cifAsm/ uGsefawmhfvkyfpmeJ hyJ om;trdeSpfa,muf ydkvSsHygw,f}

]rif;u 1mmtvkyfrsm; vkyfovJ}

ar;cGef;wumhar;cGef;awGxJrSm xdkar;cGef;udk reSif;rSKef tarSsmfvifhqHk;/ ajz&wmvnf; t&omt&SdqHk;/

]om;u q&m0efawmfh}

xdkar;cGef;usrS 0ifajzvdkufaom rdcifudk om;u auseyfpGm jyHK;junfhaeonf/

]aym q&m0ef}

olwdk h&GmrSm q&m0efr&Sd/ usef;rma&;rSL;awmif 'D&GmrSmr&Sd/ q&m0efqdkwmudk awG hzdk h a&eHacsmif;txd oGm;&wm/

]rif; t1mGm;udk aq;ukay;vdk h&wmayghymJh}

]ymJh eSif;rSKefom;u aq;q&mwJhvm;]

]aq;q&m rymkwf1ml;As q&m0ef/ a'gufwm wifatmifwkd hvdk q&m0ef/ t&D;jrEkuav? em;pGefem;zsm;jum;jyD;


pGwfar;aejyefjyD}

rrdk;apG\om; zdk;wmu cyfjuGm;juGm;av; 0ifajymonf/

]aym w,fvnf; jrifhvdkufygvm;}

]1m,faq;&HkrSmvkyfwkef;}
{nfhy&dwfowftv,frSmxdkifvsuf vuf&Sdaexdkifaom &yfvdyfpm? tvkyftudkif vlrSKa&; ponfwdk hudk 'dkifcHajzay;
aeaom vli,fonf tarjzpfol wpfcsdefu &ifqdkifcJh&aom t&Sufwdk hudk wpfpcsif; wpfvTmcsif; jyefvnf
z,f&Sm;ay;aeovdkygyJ ymk rESif;rSKefawG;aeonf/

]'Duav;u &Gmu ygoGm;wJh udk,f0efymkwfuJhvm;]

]ymkwfygw,f cifAs ararhrSm udk,f0efqdkvdk hwpfcgyJ &Sdwm/ tJ'Dudk,f0efu uGsefawmfhudk arG;vmwmaygh/ araru
tdrfaxmifrS rjyK1mJ}

]eSif;rSKefwdk hrsm; uHaumif;csufawmf]

]araru uHraumif;yg1ml; t&D;/ uHqdk;vdk hom rvdrfrdk; rvdrfrmt&G,frSm vlwum wHawG;cGufrSm arsm&wmaygh/
rdef;uav;wpfa,muftaeeJ hrrSm;oifhwJh tjzpfjuD;eJ h juHk&wmaygh/ rdef;rwpfa,muftaeeJ hreSif;rSKefqdkwJh rdef;rymm
trSm;awG trJpufawGeJ hyg/ 'gayrJ rdcifwpfa,muftaeeJ hawmh rESif;rSKefymm pHjyygyJ/ ararhajumifh uGsefawmf
tckvdk vl&m0efwJhom; jzpfcJh&wmyg}

108
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

rdcifudk jyHK;junfhvsuf ayghayghyg;yg; ajzvdkufekdifonfhtwGuf ol hudk,fol auseyfaerdonf/


a&eHacsmif;jrdK h\rD;a&mifudk aomifcHkausmfvsuf cyfysys vSrf;jrifae&onfh ae&mrSm &SdayrJhvnf; þ&GmwGif
vSsyfppf"gwftm;r&Sd/
1mufx&Djzifh xGef;xm;aom wpfayrD;acsmif;tvif;a&mifav;wGif {nfhonfawGudk ararxkwfjyxm;cJhonfh
ol"gwfyHkt,fvf1mrfawGudk 1mm&,frymkwf/ vSefavSmjunfhaerdonf/ arar1m,fwkef;u 'Dt,fvf1mrfawGudk
o,f,lvmvdkufrSef; rodcJh&/ ol hom;tajumif; juGm;csifvdk hjzpfrSmaygh/ tvif;a&miftm;eJojzifh olpuFmylrSm
pmwrf;oGm;zwfwkef;u "gwfyHkrSm rSKef0g;0g;om jzpfaeonf/
ol vufavSsmhvdkufum t,fvf1mrfudk ydwfvdkuf\/
arar þ&GmrS a0;edkiforSs a0;atmif ajy;cJhonfrSm tHhjop&maumif;vSonf/ ararhudk c&D;rdkifaygif;rsm;pGmodk h
a&mufatmif wGef;ydk hvdkufonfrSm &Suf&GH hodrfi,fpdwfwpfckwnf;u t"du jzpfavrvm;/ tu,fíom ararhrSm
udk,f0ef&cJhonfhrSm;,Gif;rSKrjzpfcJh1ml;qdkvSsif omref&Gmu rdef;ri,ftjzpf &GmrSmtdrfaxmifus &GmrSmyJ tvkyfvkyfvSsif
rdrda&m 1m,fvdkom;rsKd;jzpfvmrvJ ymk wpfcgwpfcg awG;junfh\/

naeu jrifcJh&onfh wGJ1muftv,fwef;ausmif;rSm ausmif;q&mjzpfcsif jzpfaerSmayghav/ oDv&SifjuD;awGESifh awG h


cGifhrjuHkcJhvSsifawmif t1mGm;uawmh ajr;udk ynmqnf;yl;apcsifrSmyg/ ol hajr;zdk;wmu &Spfwef;awmif a&mufcJhjyD;rS
ausmif;xGufvdkufonfymk od&onf/ rdrdukd ynmqnf;yl;zdk ht1mGm;u wdkufwGef;cJhvdrfhrnf xifygonf/
vl h1m0juD;ymm rxifrSwfwmawG jzpfwwfwmygyJ/ ararudk,fwdkifuvnf; ol hom;udk ,ckvdk ynmwwfjynfol h
usef;rma&;pDrHrSKq&m0efjzpfvmvdrfhrnfymk arSsmfvifhwwfcJhrnf rymkwfwm aocsmonf/
pmwwfaywwfjzpfapcsifwmuvGJvdk hararonf ol hudk vrf;ajumif;csay;edkifonfh t&nftcsif;r&SdcJh/

wu,fawmhvnf; rdrd1m0u uHaumif;vGef;vdk hom ,ckvdk 1m0rsdK;odk ha&mufcJh&wmyg/ ynmrwwfonfh q,fausmf


ouf rdef;uav;\ tazray:aom udk,f0efaqmif1m0wGif qdk;&Gm;onfh udpöawG jzpfysufoGm;ekdifonf/ jzpfedkifonfh
'ku©awGu rsm;vSonf/
ta0;ajy;um;*dwfwGif xrif;qdkifwpfckwGif npmtwGuf yef;uefaq;onfhtvkyfvkyfay;cJhpOf qdkif&Sifu ararhudk
auGs;arG;cJhonfh xrif;u apwemrygonfh pm;juGif;pmusefawGom rymkwfcJh1ml;qdkvSsif? jynfudk jynfudk ymk ta0;ajy;
armfawmfum;juD;py,f,monfom toHukef atmfympf vlac:raecJh1ml;qdkvSsif/ ,cktcsdefrSm rif;OmPf\emrnfonf
yif rif;OmPf jzpfvmrnf rxif/

um;ay:odk hrwufrD pOf;pm;csdef ig;rdepfavmufyJ &Sdonfymk araruajymawmh qef;us,fvSaom uHjur®mudk ol


,HkjunfrdoGm;onf/

***

109
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(30)

zdk;wm\vufjywfjzpfatmif qkyfjzwfxm;aom csnfxnftusF DaemufausmeJeJ&daeonfudk owdxm;rdojzifh &SyftusF D


wpfxnf 0,fvdkufonf/ vufaqmiftjzpfay;rnf/ acgif;tHk;awG apmifawGyg 0,fvdkufawmh zddk;wm eJeJthHjoymef&Sd
onf/ odk haomf 1mmrS rajym/ t1mGm;twGuf edk hrSKef h? tdkAmwif;armhvfwfrpfvfcf? aumfzDrSKef h? c&ufum rkef hrsm;udk
0,fonf/ rsufpdatmufrSm awG hwmawGudk cyfjrefjrefyif odrf;usHK;0,fjyD; aps;rSjyefawmh aevnf; tawmfylaejyD/
q,fhwpfem&Dvnf; xdk;jyD/

0,fonfhypönf;awGu av;vHaomt&m odyfrygayr,fh yGa,mif;&SKyfaxG;onfh ypönf;awG/ nDtpfudkeSpfa,muf


vufwpf1mufqD qGJvm&avmufatmifawmh rsm;\/
a&eHacsmif;jrdK hurf;em;&yfrS opfawG? 0g;pdkawG? juufoGefawG avSmif&m yGJ&Hkwef;udk ausmfausmfjcif; oJaomifjyifudk
pjrif&avonf/ oJaomifjyiftpyfrSm vlaetdrfajcawGESifh eD;vdk htrSdKufawG ymdkwpfponfwpfp oJxJrSm epfaewm
awG h&onf/ wcsdK hae&mu rJeufonfh &TH hAGufawGrdk 0h ufawGu vl;vSdrfhaewmvnf; jrif&onf/
awmfawmfoGm;rdawmhrS oJjyifudk p&kef;&onf/

usrf;udkifuGsef;rS a&eHacsmif;odk htvmwkef;u aomifjyifudk jzwfcsdefwGif vSnf;wpfpD;awG h vdk hvSnf;ay:wufvdkuf


vmcJhedkifaomfvnf; tcktjyefrSmawmh EGm;wpfaumifawmif rawG h &/ EGm;awGaeyljyDrdk honftcsdefaomifjyifudkvSnf;r
oGm;awmhymk od&onf/
oJjyifaomifcHktus,fjuD;udk &kef;jyD;awmh &Gmuav;awGxJuae jzwf&onf/ &GmawGrSm qdkufu,fawG pD;aejyD/
oJjyifxJudk &kef;&onfhqdkufu,fawGrSm zHktvdrf;vdrf; uyfaeonf/ qdkufu,fpD;xm;onfh vli,fwpfa,mufu
zdk;wmudk a1mmvHk;yGJowif; ay;\/

]1m,frSm oGm;junfh&rSmwJhvJuG}

]ymdk1muf&GmAs/ tpfudk junhfcsifvm;]

]rjunfhcsifyg1ml;uGm/ ar;junfhwmyg/ a1mmvHk;yGJyJ junfhjuwmvm;/ *sme,fawG r*¾Zif;awG rzwfju1ml;vm;}

zdk;wmu &Spfwef;xdausmif;aecJhzl;olrdk har;junfhfrdonf/

]wpfcgwpfcgawmh jrdK huae 0,fvmwmawG &Sdygw,f]

]rif;wkd h&GmrSm pmjunfhcef;wdk h1mmwdk h&Sdvm;uG}

]r&Sd1ml;As/ pmtkyfawGawmh &Sdw,f/ ae&mtwnfr&Sd1ml;/ urf;yg;vGwfatmif ymdka&T h& 'Dajymif;&eJ h/ xif;&l;aowåmxJ


u xkwf&w,f r&Sd1ml;/
pmjunfhwdkufuav;wpfck rwnfay;vSsif aumif;rvm;ymk awG;aerdaom rif;OmPf OD;aeSmufajcmufoGm;\/

110
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]tdk; rdk1mdkif;vfvdkuf1ma&&Dav; vkyfrS xifw,f]

vGefcJhaom eSpfq,fh&SpfeSpf arar i,fpOfuvnf; 'D&Gmu vlaetdrfajceSifh taqmuftOD; awGu 'DavmufyJ/


tckvnf; 'DavmufyJjzpfrnfymk ollavmif;&Jonf/

]rif;wdk hjrpfaomifcHkrSm urf;yg;awG jydKvdkuf ae&ma&T hvdkufeJ haer,fhtpm; a&eHacsmif;1muf a&T hzdk hraumif;1ml;vm;}

]tpfukduvnf; a&eHacsmif;a&T hzdk hqdkwm ydkufqH&SdrS jzpfwmAs/ aemufjyD; vufcsnf;oufoufa&T h&HkeJ hvJ r&1ml;/
pdkufcif;awG ysdK;ajrawG ,mcif;awGu 1m,fu &rSmvJ/ 'DrSmurS wpfeSpfwpfeSpf pm;avmufatmifawmh tcif;awGu
aiG&ao;wm}

'gvnf; ymkwfwmyJ/
avSqdyfa&mufawmh rif;OmPf acGs;jyefaejyD/ rrdk;apG ,lcdkif;onfh carmufav; ,lvmcJh& taumif;om;ymk awG;onf/
avSu cyfao;ao;wpfpD;wnf;yJ &Sdonf/ tvmwkef;u avSrymkwf/ tvmwkef;uavSu pufjzifh ckwfarmif;onfh
avS/ ,ckavSu avSmfwwfeJ h csnf;avSmfonfhavS/ xdk hajumifh enf;enf; ydkjumavonf/
zdk;wmu avSorm;eSifh twloGm;xdkifjyD; pum;awG ajymvmcdkuf rif;OmPfuawmh {&m0wDjrpfjyifudk
ai;armvmcJhonf/ onfjrpfjyifu wu,fhjrpfjyifrymkwfao;1ml; ymk arar ajymonf/ 'gu aomifcHk\onf1muf
jrpfajumif;tao;wJh/ wu,fh{&m0wDjrpfjyifus,fjuD;u &GmawG&Sd&m aomifcHkjuD;\ymkdk;wpf1mufrSmwJh/ tcsdef&vSsif
awmh &GmawG\ taemufzsm;1muf vrf;avSsmufxGuf&if; tJ'Dwu,fh{&m0wD jrpfjuD;udk oGm;junfhOD;rnfymk olpOf;pm;
vdkufonf/

urf;pyfrSm avSqdkufawmh olqmavmifaejyD/ tlu wjukwfjukwfawmif jrnfaejyD/


ol hxHrS tdwfwdk hudk vSrf;,lvdkufonfh zdk;wmu urf;ay:odk hvSrf;junfhonfhtcg rsufeSmxm;ajymif;oGm;onf/

]tJAs}

zdk;wm cyfwdk;wdk;a&&Gwfvdkuf\/

ol zdk;wmjunfh&m vSrf;junfhonf/

urf;yg;xdyfoJaomifcHkay:u wJav;a&S hwGif &yfjyD; avSqDvSrf;junfhaeaom vljuD;wpfa,muf/


avwdkufcwfaeojzifh wJudkrdk;xm;onfh t&GufajcmufawGu avjzifh vGifhaeonf/

]OD;pHvSjuD;yga&m}

OD;pHvSqdkojzifh ae&Sdefjzifh yljcpfaeaom ol hOD;acgif;udk wljuD;juD;jzifh xkvdkufovdk av;yifoGm;\/


a&xJrS urf;pyfoJjyifokd htwufrSm rif;OmPfajcvSrf;awG aeS;oGm;onf/

avSqdyfwJuav; a&S hrSm &yfaeonfh vljuD; 1mmudk vmapmifhaeonfymk awG;junfhzdk h rvdkyg/

***

111
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(31)

,ckvdk qdkufqdkufjrdKufjrdKuf vmawG h&vdrfhrnfymkrxifcJhojzifh olwpfcPawmhylxloGm;onf/ rsufeSmudk b,f1mufrl


xm;jyD; rsufvHk;u 1m,fqDjunfh&rSef; roday/

xkd hajumifh oJjyifylyludkyJ &kef;wufzdk hae&m&Smrdonf/ tJonfwJeSifh a0;a0;uaeavSsmufzkd hqHk;jzwfxm;\/


puúef hydkif;tjumrSmawmh zdk;wmavSsmuf&m ajcvSrf;twdkif; oJjyifukef;jrifhudk vSrf;wufae&if;u rsufpdu
wJqDwnfhrwfrwf junfhrdvsufom; jzpfoGm;onf/

toufajcmufq,ft&G,f t&yf&Snf&Snfydefydefudkif;udkif; vljuD;wpfa,muf/ txuftnm&GmawGrSm awG hjrifavh&Sd


aom &Gmom;juD;wpfa,mufygyJ/ ndSK;ajcmufEGrf;vswmwpfckyJuGmonf/ ol hudk pl;pl;pdkufpdkufjunfhaeonfhrsufvHk;awG
eSifh oGm;qHkrdojzifh jAKef;ceJ rsufeSm vTJypfvdkuf&\/
rsufvHk;csif; qHkrdonfrSm wpfpuúef hrSsom jumrnfjzpfaomfvnf; xdkwpfcPrSmyif rif;OmPfeSifh xkdvl wpfa,muf
\oa1mmxm;udk wpfa,mufu &dyfrdoGm;onf/

rif;OmPfol hudk odaerSef;vnf; xdkvlodjyD; oGm;jyD/ rif;OmPf\cg;oD;rkef;wD;rSKudkvnf; xdkvljrifjyD;oGm;jyD/


xdkvl\ydkifpdk;ydkifeif; &if;eSD;ymef rsufvHk;rsm;udkvnf; rif;OmPf cg;cg;oufouf jrifawG hvdkuf&jyD;avjyD/

]0,fvmwmawG renf;ygvm;uG]

olyxrqHk; jum;vdkuf&onfh xdkvl\pum;oHonf raoroyf wkefwkefcdkufcdkufymk xifonf/ pum;ajym&if;


xdkvljuD; ajcvSrf;pwifvSrf;wmudk rsufpda'gifhrS jrif&onf/

]ymkwfw,fAs/ t1mGm;twGufyg/}

]ay;av rif;wdk hrsm;aer,f/ igo,fcJhygr,f}

olwdk htem;odk ha&mufvmaom xdkvljuD;udk rif;OmPfcyfwif;wif; rsufeSmxm;jzifh junfhypfvdkufonf/ rsufcHk;u


cyfyg;yg; rsufvHk;u cyfcGufcGuf/ yg;&dk;aigaig csdKifhcsdKifh/ tjzLa&mifeSifh rD;cdk;a&mifa&mpGwfaeaom rkwfqdwfwdkwdk
axmifaxmifawGu avmu"H\xkaxmif;rSKudk vufavSsmh t&SHK;ay;xm;olrSef; azmfjyaeoa,mif/

]&ygw,f OD;juD;}

zdk;wmu jiif;\/ olwdk htem;odk hxdkvluyfvmonfrSm vlcsif;awmif xdvkrwwf jzpfonf/ xkdvlqDrS a&pdkt0wfeH h
eSifhwlaom atmufodk;odk; teH hwpfck&onf/ rif;OmPf cyfa0;a0;odk ha&mufatmif ajcvSrf; tjrefvSrf;vdkuf\/
rif;OmPfajcvSrf;awGu oJjyifrSmrdk hvdk&modk hra&mufonfhrjyif oJxJrSm wpfydkif;ay:aeaom yvwfpwwf a&oef h
ykvif;cGHwpfckudk cvkyfwdkufrdoGm;onf/

112
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]vlav;wdk ht1mGm;aeaumif;vm;}

aemufrSm usefcJhaom xdkvl\toHudk jum;&onf/ zdk;wmudkar;wmvm;/ ol hudkar;wmvm;/ olrJhjyHK;jyHK;vdkufrdonf/


&ifxJrSmawmh yljyif;ajcmufaom oJjyifeSifh tjydKif t&SdefwnD;nD;ymyfaeovdkyJ/
ol vSnfhrjunfh/

]raumif;ao;1ml;As}

zdk;wmu 0wå&m;rysuf ajz\/ ajz&if;vnf; cyfoGufoGuf avSsmufae\/ aeylylrSm yljyif;vSonfh oJonf


pD;xm;onfhzdeyfudk azmufxGif;um ajcz0g;udk yluGsrf;aponfrdk h olajcvSrf; cyfqq jzpfoGm;onf/ apmapmu
oljrifcJh&onfh xdkvljuD;\ ajcz0g;rSmjzifh zdeyfawmifrygymk olrSwfrdonf/
&Gmt0if vSnf;vrf;wpfavSsmuf vSnf;1mD;&mawGu csdKifheufeuf/ ol xdkvSnf;1mD;&mtwdkif; eif;vdkufvm&if;
ql;cufav;awGudk a&Smif&Sm;vm&onf/ olqGJvmonfh juGyfjuGyftdwfu av;vmonf/ vufacsmif;awG
jywfxGufawmhrvdkyJ/ vufeSpf1mufqGJ&jcif;jzpfojzifh tdwfudk vufvJzdk hrjzpfedkif/

]ay;yg vlav; rif;vufawG emaea&maygh}

aemufausmqDrS eD;uyfaom toH/ ymm; 1mvdkif;juD;ygvm;/ ol hem;xJwGif cg;oufvSonf/ pum;vnf; rjyefvdk/


vSnfhvnf; rjunfhvdk/ rjum;csifa,mifaqmifvsuf oJxJodk hajcudk cyfjyif;jyif; eSpfí eSpfí avSsmufvmcJhavonf/
&Gmt0ifvrf;u rlvxuf ydk&SnfaeovdkyJ/ &Gmonf rae huxuf ydka0;onfymk xif&onf/ rif;OmPfu a&S hqHk;rS
xdkvlu rif;OmPfeSifh uyfedkiforSs uyfvsuf aemufqHk;u zdk;wm/ oHk;a,mufvrf;avSsmufaejucdkuf pum;oHawG
wdwfqdwfaeonf/ jum;&orSsrSm oJxJodk hajcaxmufjrSKyfoH? oJawG zGmvGifhusef&pfoH? oJrSKefwdk hjuGyfjuGyftdwf odk h
pifonfhtoH/

'Dvl ighqDu 1mmvdkcsifwmvJ/ ighqDu 1mm&r,fvdk holxifaeovJ/ aiGvdkcsifovm;/ aiGwpfjym;wpfcsyfrS igray;


1ml;/ ol hudkay;rJhtpm; &Gmudk pmtkyfawG 0,fay;cJhr,f/
rif;OmPf judkwifpDpOfaeonf/
&GmwHcg;udk vGefonfhtcgrSmawmh vSnf;vrf;ajumif;tpGef;rSm olavSsmufvmonf/ a1m;rSm 0g;jcrf;jcHpnf;&dk;awGeSifh
tdrfawG pawG h&jyD/ jcLoHcavmufoH qlnHpGmjzifh EGm;juD;wpfaumif a&S hrS ajy;vmaeawmh ol vef hzswfum a1m;odk h
uyfvdkuf\/

]rajumufeJ hrajumufeJ h'DEGm;u racG hwwf1ml;}

aemufuvlu ol hudk vSrf;tm;ay;onf/ ol rjum;csifa,mifaqmifvdkufjyD; a&S hquf avSsmufoGm;vdkuf\/


ighudk arG;zGm;vmzdk hol 1mmawGrsm; wm0ef,lcJhvdk hvJ/ ightay:rSm ol haus;Zl; 1mmwpfckrS r&Sd1ml;/ igeJ holeJ h1mmrS
rqdkif1ml;/

eSraxG;av;t&G,favmuf&SdwJh uav;rav;udk jrSLqG,fzsufqD;&ufwJhvl/ tJ'Dvlu ightaz rymkwf1ml;/ 'Davmuf


udk,fusifhw&m; ysuf,Gif;wJhvlymm ightaz rymkwf1ml;/
tdrfqDodk htoGm;vrf;rSmawG horSs oa1mFmrefusnf;yifyifpnfwdk hudkvufoD;jzifhxdk;ypfcsifaomfvnf;vufESpf1muf
vHk;u rtm;ojzifh ajcaxmufeSifh uefuefypfcJhonf/ tdrfudk jrifvdkuf&onfhtcg ol tm;wufoGm;onf/ i,fpOfu
ausmif;rS tjyef vdkuf&efpcH&pOf tarhjcHwHcg;0odk hta&muf ajumufvef hwif;juyforSsawG jy,fvGifhukefovdk
,ckvnf; pdwfoufom&m&oGm;onf/

arar/

113
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

xl;qef;vScsnfhvm;/ olonf ararudk ol h&ifcGifrSm umuG,fay;zdk htm;rmefjzifh onf&Gmodk hvmcJhonf/ ,ckawmh ol h


udk xdkvl htjunfhpl;pl;rS umuG,fay;zkd hararhudk vdktyfaerSef; odoGm;avonf/
oltavmwjuD;yif tdrfxJodk hajy;0ifvdkuf\/

]zdk;wm cPae&if ymif;av;wpfcGufavmuf vm,luGm/ ightdrfudkaemf}

xdkvlu tdrfa&S hvrf;txdawmh rvdkufay/ wpf1mufrSmyif &yfusefcJhonf/

]aeygap OD;juD;&J huGsefawmfwdk hrSm jynfhpHkygw,f]

zdk;wmu ajyajyjypfjypf ajymonf/

]at jynfhpHkayrJh iguvJ ymif;cGufav; ay;csifao;wmayghym/ ighom;av;pm;zkd h}

xkdvlatmfajymvdkufonfh pum;xJrS ighom;av; ymlaom pum;vHk;onf zdeyfcGswfavSum;cHkay: wufvkqJqJ


rif;OmPftm; cvkyfwdkufrdoGm;atmif ylavmifoGm;aponf/ cvkwfwdkufvufpeSifh ol avSum;cHkudk uefypfvkdufonf/
a0ghvfuif;&SL;pD;xm;wm rymkwf1mJ om;a&nSyfzdeyfom pDxm;rdygvm;ymk odvdkufonfhtcsdefwGif ajcaxmufu
opfom;cHkudk jyif;xefpGm uefvdkufrdjyD;aejyD/

emvdkufwm/ odk haomf emusifrSKu qlyGufaeonfh a'goudk vrf;vTJay;vdkufojzifh olpdwfoufom&m &oGm;onf/

***

114
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(32)

oD;oef hrD;zdkaqmifav;uae tdrfrjuD;ay:odk hxrif;ymif; yefuefrsm; o,faqmifjyD; xrif;pm;yGJay: csaejuonfh


tcsdefrSm tdrfa&S hodk hvl&dyfwpfckeSifhtwl toHu a&mufvmonf/ ]udkatmifarmif;/ usKyf0ifcJhraem}
eSpfaygif;rsm;pGm tawG;xJrS cg;cg;oD;oD; armif;xkwfxm;jyD;aom udkpHvStoHudk reSif;rSKef rrSwfrdawmhyg/ odk haomf
pdwfxJu xifhceJawmh jzpfoGm;onf/ xdk hajumifh owdtaetxm;eSifh rD;zdkaqmifujyifay:uae qif;cgeD;qJqJ
rqif;1mJ wkdifuG,fvsuf vSrf;junfhvdkufonf/
]atmf udkpHvS 1mmrsm; udpö&Sdwkef;}
rrdk;apG cifyGef; udkatmifarmif;u oa1mm&dk;eSifh ar;\/ ymkwfjyD 'if;ygyJ/
]atmf 'DrSm ymif;cGufav;vmydk hwm}
arSmifpysdK;aeonfh cyfrSdefrSdefaumif;uif tvif;wGif reSif;rSKef jrifvdkuf&olu olpdrf;vljuD;wpfa,muf/
rESif;rSKeftawG;awGxJwGif eSpfaygif;rsm;pGm tdyfrufqdk;jzifh ajcmufvSef hcJhaom udkpHvSjuD; rymkwfawmhygvm;/
,ckjrifawG hae&olu qHyif jzLjzL? xdk;xdk;axmifaxmif rkwfqdwfwdkjzLjzL/ aigxGufaeaom yg;&dk;csdKifhcsdKifhcGufcGuf/
aeavmifcH jymrGJrGJ tom;ta&? rsufvHk;uymkd;eufcGufxJrSm/ 1mk&m;1mk&m;/ 'DvljuD; 'Davmufawmif jzpfoGm;rSudk;/
t0ga&mif ajuG&nfokyfymif;xnfh oHZvHkudk udkatmifarmif;u vSrf;,lvdkuf\/
]q&m0efav;wdk hpm;zdk husKyfukd,fwdkif csufvmwm]
ymif;/ aumif;tkH;awmhrSmyJ/ reSif;rSKef a'gowjuD;jzpfaeonf/ ymif;yefuefudk r,lzdk h udkatmifarmif;udk ajymcsif
onf/ odk haomf 'if;rsufeSmudkvnf; rjunfhcsif/ rdrdudkvnf; jrifroGm;apcsif/ xkd hajumifh ymif;cGufudkyJ tqdyfcGuf
yrm cg;cg;oD;oD; vSrf;junfhaerdonf/
]xm;cJhr,f rvS,feJ heufjzefcgusrS usKyfvm,lr,f}
xkdvlvSnfhxGufawmhrnfh tcsdefwGif reSif;rSKefonf taumif;qHk; tjuHwpfck&oGm;jyD; rD;zkdaqmifujyifrS uref;uwef;
qif;um ukdatmifarmif;wdk hqD ajy;oGm;vdkuf\/
rrdk;apGu xrif;ZvHkudk udkif&if;wef;vef;/ ol hnDr 1mmvkyfvdrfhrnfymk rwGufrdawmh wtHhwjo jzpfaeonf/
reSif;rSKefonf udkatmifarmif;vufxJrS oHZvHkudk zswfceJ qGJ,lvdkufonf/
eEGif;a&mif cyf0g0g? qDa0ha0ha&aygavm juufom;ymif;awGudk wpfcsufjunfhvdkufjyD; 1mmpum;rSrajym1mJ acG;pmcGuf
pOfhtdk;uGJtydkif;xJodk harSmufoGefcsvdkuf\/
]ymJh eSif;rSKef rvkyfeJ hav}

115
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

udkatmifarmif;u vTwfceJ atmifawmh tdrf0dkif;xJrS ajcvSrf;xGufoGm;jyD;aom xdkvlu vSnfhjunfhonf/ acG;pmcGufxJ


ymif;awGoGefxnfhvdkufwmudk oljrifoGm;onfhtcg yg;pyftaymmif;om;eSifh ajumifajumifjuD; &yfaeawmhonf/
wpftdrfvHk; toHrxGuf1mJ wdwfqdwfaewm awmf awmfjum\/ reSif;rSKefu oHZvHkudk tdrfa&S hu opfom;jurf;
pm;yGJjuD;ay: toHjrnfatmif aqmifhcsypfvdkufwmu yxrqHk;toH/ udkatmifarmif; acsmif;ymef hvdkufoHu
'kwd,toH/ wwd,toHuawmh udkpHvS acgif;idkufqdkufcsvsuf vSnfhxGufoGm;aom ajcoHjzpfonf/

aemufxyf toHrSm pOfhtdk;uGJxJodk heSKwfoD;vSsdKjyD;pm;vdkufaom acG;\rmefzDoHeSifh 0g;rsdK udkufzJhoHjzpfonf/


* * *

116
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(33)

&Gmawmifzsm;wGif&Sdaom OD;pHvS\tdrfonf jydKuGJysufpD;rSK\jy,k*fwpfckf jzpfonf/ tdrf0dkif;uawmh us,f0ef;yg\/


t1mGm;tdrfxuf eSpfqavmufus,fonf/ odk haomf rsufpdatmufrSm jrifjriforSsonf z&dkz&JawGcsnf;/x&Hwdk haygufjyJ
aeaom ajcwH&Snftdrfonf atmufxyfrSm tumr&Sd/ &GmtdrfawG xHk;pHtwdkif; uGyfyspfjuD;wpfck&SdjyD; xdkuGyfyspfay:wGif
cHawmif;rsm;? 1ml;oD;ajcmuf a&1ml;rsm; jyef husJ aeonfudk zdk;wm\vufeSdyf"mwfrD;atmufwGif zswfceJ jrifvdkufrd
onf/ rD;a&mifcyfrSdefrSdefonf tay:xyf jywif;aygufrS jzwfvsuftdrf0dkif;xJodk husvsuf &Sdonf/ vloHrjum;&/
tdrft0ifwGif EGm;wif;ukyftaymmif;wpfck &Sdonf/ vufeSdyf"mwfrD;a&mifatmufwGif xdkEGm;wif;ukyfxJrSm EGm;pmcGuf
eSifh wdkvDrkwfptoHk;tqmifawG jyef husJaeonfudk jrif&onf/ 0g;OD;xkyfaymmif;? qDacs;awG wufaeaom av;a'gifh
qDyHk;rsm;? a&cyfonfh a&yHk;0kdif;rsm;? *gvHqef hyvwfpwpf1ml;cGHrsm;? zifrJnpfaeaom xrif;tdk;aymmif;rsm;/
wpfae&mrS acG;wpfaumifxGufvmjyD; xdk;aymmifvdkufonf/
]OD;juD;pHvS acG;junfhtHk; q&m0efygvmjyD}
]at; rudkufyg1ml;ym vmju/ ymJhacG; awmf&moGm;prf;]
avSum;ay:rS &Snf&Snfudkif;udkif;jzifh OD;pHvS qif;vmjyD; acG;armif;onf/
]vmyg vmyg tay:xyfudk wufyg}
rJnpfnpf zsmjurf;rsm; tjynfhcif;xm;aom tay:xyfjurf;jyifonf ajceif;vdkufwdkif; wuGsduGsd jrnfae\/
1mk&m;pifu avSum;wnfhwnfhwGif x&Htjyif1muftxd xkwfxm;aom taqmifoyfoyfrSm jzpfonf/ onf&Gmu
tdrfawG awmfawmfrsm;rsm;onf wpfyHkpHwnf; jzpfavonf/
1mk&m;pifa&S hwnfhwnfhwGif topfpufpuf oifjzL;zsmacsmwpfcsyfudk cif;xm;onf/ oifjzL;ay:wGif a&aEG;c&m;eSifh
tjurf;yefuefoHk;av;vHk; xnfhxm;aom vifyef;udk awG h &onf/ rkef htwHk;awG xnfhxm;onfh yef;uefjym;wpfckeSifh
v1muftkyfwpfck/

]xdkifju xkdifju}
olrxkdifao;1mJ tdrfwGif;ywfvnfudk vSnfhywfjunfhonf/
]vlema&m}
]&Sdw,f/ tcef;xJrSm/ cPem;ygOD;/ a&aEG;jurf;eJ htcsdKrkef hav;pm;yg}
]rpm;awmh1ml;As/ vlemudkyJ junfh&atmifyg}
vlemu tdrfcef;xJrSm &Sdavonf/

117
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

toufq,fhajcmufeSpft&G,f rdef;uav;wpfa,muf/ csnfapmifcyfyg;yg; EGrf;EGrf;udk cg;rS ajcaxmufxd jcHKxm;jyD;


yufvuf tdyfaeonf/ teD;wGif apmifjcifaxmiftyHkwpfck &Sd\/ oeyfcg;ausmufjyifeSifh pOfha&cGufi,f &Sd\/
rdef;uav;u olwdk h0ifvmaomtcg ol hudk pl;pdkufjyD; junfhaeonf/ uav;r\ acgif;&if;rSm oH1ml;aymmif;
wpfckay:rSm za,mif;wdkifpdkufxGef;xm;onf/
rif;OmPf vlemudk prf;oyf&ef uav;ra1m;wGif xdkifcsvkdufonf/
]1mmjzpfvJ aeraumif;1ml;vm;]
]rl;vdk h}
toHu uav;oHav;/ cyfwkefkwkef/ q&m0efaq;xdk;rSmudk ajumufaeonfhymef rymkwf1mJ EGrf;e,fodrfi,faeonfh
toH/ olenf;enf; oem;oGm;onf/
avjzihfvSKyfcwfaeaom za,mif;wdkifrD;rSdefrSdeftvSKyfatmufrSm vlemudkolprf;oyfonf/ wu,fawmh olonf
vlemukoonfh q&m0efrymkwfawmh/ jynfol husef;rma&;apmifha&SmufrSK twGuf pDrHudef;awG vkyfief;aqmifwmawGudk
tpDtpOfa&;qGJnTefjum;ay;onfh q&m0eftjzpf vrf;ajumif;udk a&G;cs,fcJhjyD;jyD/ naecif;awGrSm aq;ukonfhtvkyfudk
olrvkyfay/ xkd hajumifh rdef;uav;udk ta&;ay: olukoay;jyD;vSsifvnf; a&eHacsmif;rSm olwkd hjyaeus q&m0efqD
vTwfay;zdk hpOf;pm;xm;onf/
odk haomf a&eHacsmif;odk hvTwfjyD; aq;uko&efrvdkyg/ vlemonf aoG;zdtm;a&m? eSvHk;ckefeSKef;a&m tm;vHk;aumif;
onf/ 0rf;AdkufeSihf qD;tdrftm;vHk;aumif;onf/ q,fhajcmufeSpft&G,f rdef;uav; rl;onf qkdaomajumifh judkwifpdk;&drf
xm;onfh rawmfrwJh tjzpfrdsK;udkvnf; olrawG h&/ uav;r\vufzsm;awGeSifh rsufcrf;atmufajcwGifrSmawmh
aoG;tm;eJonfhvu©Pmudk awG h&onf/
]1mmrS rjzpfyg1ml;/ 1m,fwkef;u prl;wmvJ/ 1m,fvdkrl;wmvJ}
ar;awmh uav;ru zsmtpGef;wGif vmxdkifaeaom OD;pHvSudk vSrf;junfhonf/ uav;rav;\rsufvHk;wGif
&Sufudk;&Sufuef; t&dyfvdkvdk/
]tcknaeu ,mcif;xJu tjyefrSm rl;w,fajymwmyJom;&,f/ rif;eSru reufqdkvJ av;em&Dqdk tdrfuae
xGuf&wm/ naeqdkvJ rdk;csKyfrS tdrfjyefa&mufwm}
olem;vnfoa1mmaygufvdkufwmuawmh rdef;uav;rSm 1mma&m*grS r&Sd/ aeraumif;csifa,mif aqmifcdkif;vdk hyJvm;/
eJeJrl;wmrdkufwmudk aeraumif;1ml;ymk ZGwfajymjyD; tdyf&mxJ vSJcdkif;vdk hvm;/ wpfckckawmh wpfckckyJ/ 'g'DvljuD;&J h
tjuHtzefyJ jzpfr,f/
1mmyJ jzpfjzpf ol a1m;tEå&m,fr&Sdwwfonfh tm;aq;awmh xdk;vdk h&ygonf/ 1mDwGJ 1mDqpfufpfudk
eSpfq,fhig;&mcdkifeSKef; *vl;udk hpfxJ xnfhjyD; tajumaq;xdk;ay;vdkufonf/ xdk haemuf t1mGm;twGuf 0,fvmaom
tm;aq;awGxJuae uav;rESifh oifhawmfrnfh tifemAGefpDudk tenf;i,f cGJay;&onf/ oH"gwfygaom aq;&nfudk
t1mGm;\1ml;xJrS tenf;i,fcGJxnfh&ef ykvif;wpfckawmif;awmh olwkd htdrfrSm 1mmykvif;rS oef h&Sif;jyD;om;
tqifoifhrawG h/
]uJ ae ae 'Dae hntwGuf tckyJ wkdufcJhr,f/ reufjzefusawmhrS zdk;wmu vmay;vdkuf ymkwfvm;}
aq;udk tjurf;yefuefxJxnfhay;awmh uav;ru raomufao;1mJ ol htazudk pdk;&drfwjuD; junfhwm awG h\/ ol h
tazu acgif;ndwfjyawmhrS aomufcsvdkufonf/

118
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

aq;zdk;1m,favmufusvJymk wpfcGef;rS rar;/ aqGrsdK;csif;awGyg ymlaom tcsdK;rsdK;vm;ymk olawG;onf/ aq;zdk;udk


olupajymypfvdkufzdk hpOf;pm;onf/ odk haomf xkdpum;\rlv &nf&G,fcsuftrSefudk olwdk hrod1mJ rdrd\pdwfudk wpfckck
aumufcsufcsvdkufvSsif raumif;yg/ xkd hajumifh 1mmrS rajymcJhyg/ vlemeSifh ywfoufwmwpfckckajymwdkif; armifheSru
armifheSruymk xnfhajymaeaom vljuD;udk ol cyfcsOfcsOf atmheSvHk;emvmvsuf wpfcGef;awmh eSufypfcJhrdonf/
]rdef;uav;}
olonf rdrdxuf i,f&G,faom rdef;uav;rsm;udk tjrJvdkvdk nDrav; nDrymk ac:vsuf pum;ajymaomtusifh
&Sdygonf/ þuav;rudkvnf; nDrt&G,frdk hcspfpedk;nDrymk ac:vdkygonf/ odk haomf wrifyif rdef;uav;ymk
ac:vdkuf\/

]tazudk vkyfauGs;wm rif;ukodkvf&rSmyg/ wpfckawmh owdxm;aemf/ ,mcif;u tjyefwdk h 1mmwdk hrSm tazmfawGeJ h
uGJusefcJhwmrsdK;awmh rjzpfatmif*&kpdkuf/ vl,kwfrmqdkwmu eSrt&G,f wlrt&G,f&,fvdk ha&SmifrSm rymkwf1ml;}
ol OD;pHvS\ rsufeSmudk wnfhwnfhjunfhjyD; ajymypfcJh&wm t&om &SdvSonf/ uav;ru xdkpum;aemufuG,fu
t"dyÜg,fudk em;vnfymefrwl1mJ junfjunfvifvifav; jyKH;avonf/

]ymkwfuJhyg tpfudk pdwfcsyg}

olxGufvmaomtcg OD;pHvSwpfa,muf acgif;idkufpdkufusvsuf usef&pfcJhonf/ a&aEG;jurf;eSifh rkef hyif ol hudk


{nfhrcHvdkufedkifawmhay/
***

119
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(34)

cspfjcif;arwåmudk ararodcGifhr&cJh1ml;ymk olxifcJhonf/ odk haomf at;ndKudk oloGm;&Smrnfymk ajymawmh ararhrsuf0ef;


rS wpfqifh ararh&ifckefoHudk oljum;ae&ygonf/
acsmif;eufonf awmif;wGif;rS atmifvHodk htxGuf ta0;ajy;vrf;ray:rSmyif &Sdonfh &GmjuD;wpfckjzpfonf/
awmifwGif;jynfum;ay:u qif;vdkufonfeSifh &GmxJcsufcsif; a&mufonf/ acsmif;eufwGif 1mkef;juD;ausmif;rsm;?
1mk&m;rsm; pHkvifvSaomfvnf; aiG1mHkom1mkef;juD;ausmif;udk tvG,fwulyif ar;prf;vdk h&onf/
&Gm\tpGefwGif &Sdaom aiG1mHkomawm&ausmif;onf opf&dyf0g;&dyfjzifh pdrf;ndK htkyfqdkif;um at;pdrfhaevonf/
aeylxJuae ausmif;0dkif;xJodk h0ifvdkufonfeSifh ajcz0g;eif;vdkufonfh ajru at;at;jrjr/ 1mkef;juD;ausmif;onf
a&S;acwfvuf&m tcef;aqmifawG trsm;juD;eSifh opfom;ausmif;aqmifjuD;jzpfonf/
ausmif;0dkif;ajrjyifwGif wHjrufpnf;vSJaeaom vlwpfa,mufqD rif;OmPfeSifh rsdK;xGef; uyfoGm;onf/
]OD;juD;}

toufav;q,fausmfig;q,ftwGif; tnmom;jyDoonfhtoGiftjyifeSifh trsdK;om;juD;udk rif;OmPftuJcwf


junfh&if; pHkprf;vdkufonf/
]1mkef;juD;&Sdvm;/ uGsefawmfwdk hwjcm;uvmwJh {nfhonfawGyg/ 1mkef;juD;udk avSSsmufar;p&mav;awG &Sdvdk hyg}
]at; &Sdw,f/ ausmif;ay:wufju/ 1mkef;juD;awG qGrf;pm;jyD;&HkyJ &Sdao;w,f}
]OD;u 'DjrdK huvm;}
rif;OmPf vm&if;udpöudk csufcsif;taumiftxnfazmfvdkufonf/
]aym rymkwf1ml;uG tkef;yifu}
ol at;ndKrjzpfedkif/ rsdK;xGef;udk oljyHK;jyvdkufjyD; ausmif;juD;&Sd&modk holwdk h avSsmufvmcJhjuonf/
wdkifvHk;aygif; av;ig;q,fru yg0ifaom a&S;acwfvuf&m opfom;ausmif;tdkjuD;onf ouf&Sdwpfa,mufrS
r&Sdovdkyif wdwfqdwfaeonf/ wHpufjrdwfpGef;rS atmufodk h csxm;aom yef;uekwfxGif;ysOfjym;wdk honf a&S;qefqef
vSyaejuonf/ ausmif;u ckepfaqmifjydKifausmif;ymk ac:edkifrnf xifonf/ ajcwH&Snf&Snf/ ausmif;atmufrSm ckwif
wpfckwavawmif r&Sd/ xif;yHkwpfckom awG honf/ wdkifckepfwdkif tcef;ckepfcef;pm tjynfh pjuF H avSsmufvrf;
vGefawmhrS ysOfeH&HawGumxm;onfh ausmif;aqmifjuD;xJ t0ifjzpfonf/ ausmif;taqmuftOD; pjuF HywfywfvnfrSm
um&Hxm;aom cg;omom vuf&rf;ysOfumu yef;uekwfawG azmfxm;onfh yGwfvHk;wef; vuf&rf;awG jzpfonf/

120
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

olwdk honf tay:xyfavSum;rS wufoGm;jyD; pjuF Hjurf;cif;rSm &yfvsuf tuJcwfjuonf/ pjuF Hacgif;&if;rSm
oydwfaq;&mae&mtjzpf toHk;jyKajumif; jrifawG h &onf/ wpfqifhvSrf;wuf&aom jurf;cif;tjrifhudk wufjyD;rS
ausmif;ay:odk ha&mufonf/
1mkef;juD;rSm toufajcmufq,fausmfcef h&Sdonf/ 00zdkifhzkdifh tom;jzLjzL Oy"d &kyfaumif;onf/toufeSifhtom;t&nf
udk cef hrSef;jyD; 'gawmh OD;at;ndK rymkwf1ml; ymk rif;OmPfodavonf/
1mkef;juD;tm; ygvmaom tm;aq;1ml;rsm;? rkef h1ml;rsm;udk vSL'gef;vsuf uefawmhvdkufonf/
]'gumav;wdk hu 1m,fuwkef;}
]wynfhawmfwdk ha&eHacsmif;1muf usrf;udkifuGsef;uyg1mk&m;}
]atmf a0;oudk;}
]rSefygh1mk&m; 1mkef;1mkef;'Dausmif;rSm oDwif;oHk;wm jumygjyDvm; 1mk&m;}
]at; jumjyDaygh/ &ymef;cHjyDuwnf;u qdkawmh ESpfaygif;eSpfq,favmufawmh &SdrSmaygh}
]wifygh1mk&m;/ wynfhawmfwdk h1mkef;1mkef;udk avSsmufxm; ar;jref;p&mav; wpfck&Sdvdk hyg/ cGifhjyKawmfrlyg 1mk&m;}
]at; 1mmodcsifwkef;}
]vGefcJhwJh ESpfaygif; eSpfq,fhckepfeSpfwkef;u 'Dausmif;udk wpf&Gmom;vli,fwpfa,muf a&mufvmcJhovm;vdk hodyg
&ap/ tJ'Dvlu tck toufxif&Sm;&Sdao;vm;/ 1m,fa&mufoGm;ovJqdkwm}
]'Dausmif;udkawmh wpf&Gmom;awG a&mufa&mufvmjuygw,f/ wcsdK hvJ udk&ifjuD;0wfzdk h wcsdK hvJ teD;tem;u
tvkyftudkifav; 1mmav;vkyfzdk h/ 'umav; odcsifwmu 1m,f&Gmom;wkef; 1m,folwJhwkef;}
olwdk hpum;ajymaepOf 1mkef;juD;cyf&G,f&G,fwpfyg;u pmtkyf1mD'dkxJrS pmtkyfwpftkyf xkwf,lzdk ha&mufvmonf/
xdk1mkef;juD;rSm toufoHk;q,favmufyJ &Sdao;onf/ OD;at;ndKrymkwf/
]usrf;udkifuGsef;uyJ 1mk&m; emrnfu at;ndKwJh}
]udkat;ndK at; eSpfawGu jumjyDqkdawmhvJ igrodawmh1ml;/ vmawmh vmjuwmuGJ h}
þ1mkef;juD;onf at;ndKudk rod/ aocsmygonf/ vlrod&HkrSsru tjzpftysufudkvnf; rod/
]twdtus ajym&&ifawmh 1974ckeSpf rdk;umvavmufuyg 1mk&m;}
]usKyf'Dausmif;udk a&mufwmu &Spfq,fckeSpfAs/ 'gqkd&if usKyfr&Sdcifu jzpfr,f/ usKyfa&mufjyD;rSawmh tJ'DemrnfeJ h
wpfa,mufrS ausmif;rSm rawG hyg1ml;}
rif;OmPfenf;enf; tm;avsmhoGm;onf/
]t&if 'DrSmausmif;xdkifwJh 1mkef;juD;ua&m}
]ysHvGefawmfrloGm;jyDAs/ tJ'D1mkef;juD;vufxufwkef;u 1mkef;juD;ausmif;udk vSL'gef;a0,sm 0pöawG vkyfay;aewJh
t1mdk;juD;awmh &Sdao;w,f/ olrsm; odrvm;}

121
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

tJ'D t1mdk;u 1m,frSmygvJ 1mk&m;}


ausmif;axmifhu Z&yfav;rSm zdkxdk;vdk h&Sdr,fAs/ tckav;wif ol htwGuf xrif;ydk hcdkif; xm;w,f}
oD;oef hZ&yfaqmifwpfckwGif zdkxdk;aeaom t1mdk;juD;onf t&yfykykysufysuf uwHk;rSm aygufcgp qHyifwdkwdkwkd hu
jzLjzLazG;azG;/
t1mdk;juD;a1m;wGif vHktuGJrsm;? acsmf&nfjzifh ta&mifajymif;aeaom vHktaumif;rsm;? rD;aoG;tajursm;? jymrsm;eSifh
trSKefrsdK;pHkxnfhxm;aom zef1ml;tao;tjuD;&G,fpHkudk awG h &onf/ rD;usDcJ&Jaeaom zdkudk avrSKwfyefum wpfckjzifh
vSnfhvsuf rSKwfay;aeaom t1mdk;juD;u rif;OmPfwdk hodcsifaom tajumif;t&mudk pDumywfuHk;ajymjycJhavonf/

]at; at;ndKvm;/ ymkwfw,f ol hemrnfu at;ndK rdk;wGif;juD;rSm a&mufvmwJh oli,f/ tJ tJ aymm'D vli,f&J h
t&G,favmuf]
rif;OmPfeSifhtwl tkwfcJay:rSm xdkifaeonfh OD;at;udkom;tjuD; rsdK;xGef;udk jyonf/
]ola&mufvmwmu qGrf;cHjyefcsdefavmufuGJ h/ olu pdwfoa1mmav;vJ aumif;w,f/ tvkyfvJ awmfawmf
zifayghw,f/ 1mmcdkif;cdkif; tqifajyw,f/ xif;cGJa&cyftvkyfjurf;vJ vkyfw,f/ "g;wdk haqmufwdk heJ hyef;ykxGif;wm
xkwmvJ vkyfw,f}
t1mdk;juD;\pum;udk jzwfjyD; ar;csifvSjyD/ odk haomf ol hpdwfudk xdef;csKyfjyD;tjyHK;rysuf em;axmifaecJh\/
]1mkef;juD;ausmif;udk olu oli,fcsif;wpfa,mufeJ hwpfacgufa&mufjyD;om;vdk h ajymw,f/ ol 'Dausmif;t&dyfudk cdkzdk h
qHk;jzwfjyD;a&mufvmwmwJh/ usKyfu yxrawmh ol hudk oHo,&Sdwmaygh/ 1m,fu a&mufvmrSef;rod/&mZ0wfom;
vm; rod w&m;cHajy;vm; rod/ 'Dawmh 1mkef;juD;udk ajym&w,f owdxm;yg/ 1mkef;juD;ausmif;ay:rSmawmh rxm;ygeJ h
vdk h/ 1mkef;juD;u 'gqdkvJ cifAsm; Z&yfac:xm;ayghAsmwJh}
q,fayywfvnfavmuf &Sdonfh Z&yfav;onf rD;cdk;usyfcdk;rsm;jzifh arSmifrJaeaomfvnf; ckwif 1mD'dkeSifh pm;yGJwdk hu
aoaooyfoyf/ teH hqdk;vnf; r&Sd rD;aoG;eH heSifh jymeH hom &Sdonf/
]'DZ&yfu usKyfaqmufvSLxm;wJh Z&yfyJAs/ vSLjyD;awmhvJ usKyfyJ cPcP a&mufvm w&m;xdkif zdkxdk;ayghAsm/ 'geJ h
tJ'Dvli,fudk usKyfac:xm;vdkufw,f/ tr,f 'Doli,fa&mufuwnf;u usKyfjzifh awmfawmf pdwcf srf;om;wmAs/
usKyfom;t&if;xufawmif usKyfudk &dkaoao;w,fAs}
ol xdef;csKyfxm;onfh cHedkif&nf vGefoGm;\/
]t1mdk; tJ'D udkat;ndK tck 1m,fa&mufoGm;vJymif}
]aym aetHk;av ajymjyrSmaygh/ pum;tdrfus,fatmifajymrS Zmwf&nfvnfrSm rymkwfvm;}
ol wpfcsuf&,fjyD; acgif;ukwfvdkufrdonf/
]olu yef;uekwftxGif;awmh tvGefawmfwmarmifa&/ tckrif; 1mkef;juD;ausmif;tay:xyf pjuFefywfvnf &ifxm;awG
jrifw,frymkwfvm;}
][kwf}
]tJ'g ol hvuf&maygh/ ol hvuf&mudk junfhjyD;awmh teD;tem;u vuform;tyfjuw,f/ olu vuform;awmh
rwwf1ml;wJh yef;txGif; aqmuftjzwfyJ wwfwmwJh/ ol hudk tvkyfwGJvkyfzkd hwpfjrdK hwpfe,fuawmif vmjuwm
armif&if/ 'gayrJh olu vlxl;vlqef;? 'Dausmif;uae 1m,fudkrS rcGmedkifao;1ml;wJh/ ntdrfnOhfaeawmif ol1m,fudkrS

122
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

oGm;wm rymkwf1ml;/ 'Duae wpfcgrSvJ c&D;rxGufzl;1ml;/ naewdkifqdk&if &Gmxdyfum;vrf;u v1muf&nfqdkifrSm


oGm;oGm;xdkifjyD; nrdk;csKyfrS jyefjyefvmw,f}
]t1mkd; ol tck 1m,frSmvJ]
ol ratmifhedkifawmh1mJ ar;vdkufonf/
onfwpfcgawmh olar;onfh ar;cGef;udk t1mdk;juD;u wdkuf&dkufajzavonf/
]r&Sd&Smawmh1ml;/ jumvSjyD]
]ol xGufoGm;wmvm;]
]qHk;oGm;wm}
]ymif}
ol h&ifxJwGif ymmceJ cHpm;vdkuf&onf/
]ola&mufvmjyD; wpfeSpfavmufyJ &SdtkH;r,fuGJ husKyfvufay:rSmyJ aymmymdk ckwifay:rSmyJ qkHk;oGm;wm}
tdyf&mcif;? acgif;tHk;aoaooyfoyfjzifh ckwifudk olvSrf;junfhvdkufonf/
]olwpf&uf rdk;rdjyD; jyeftvmrSm iSufzsm;0ifvmw,f/ tjyif;zsm;w,f/ usKyfeJ h1mkef;juD;vJ Armaq;a&m t*Fvdyfaq;
a&m tpHkyifhjyD; ukwmyJ/ 'gayrJh r&yg1ml;/ ua,mifuwrf;awG ajym&if;yJ qHk;oGm;wmyJ}
rsufeSmndSK;vmaom rsdK;xGef;udk ycHk;zufeSpfodrfh&if; ol oufjyif;csvdkufrdonf/
]olaoawmh ol hvG,ftdwfxJuae t0wftpm;wcdsK h? ypönf;av;awGeJ haiGawG awG hw,f/ aiGawGu
t&Gufao;av;awGyg/ olpkaqmifxm;wJh aiGav;awG jzpfymefwlyg&J h/ xl;qef;wmuawmh ol htdwfxJrSm rdef;uav;
tusF Dwpfxnf awG h&wmyJ/ tusF Du topfAs/ ol 1m,fu&xm;rSef;rod/ 1m,frdef;uav;eJ hrSvJ ol ta&mw0if
aewm rjrif&zl;1ml;}
ol &ifxJrSm aEG;ceJ jzpfoGm;onf/ ararhudk owd&vdkufrdaomajumifh jzpfonf/
]olvJ ukodkvf&atmif ol haiGav;awGudk tckjrifae&wJh 1mk&m;awG hw,f rymkwfvm;/ &SpfrsufeSm1mk&m;av;awG
xnfhylaZmfzdk hyv’ifwpfck0,fjyD; vSLvdkufw,f/ tJ'DrSm ol h emrnfeJ hurÜnf;xdk;xm;vdkufw,f/ cPae oGm;junfh
vdkufaygh}

t1mdk;juD;vufnSdK;nTefjy&modk hvSrf;junfvdkufonf/ a&Ta&mifysufjy,faeaom apwDjuD;wpfql\ ta0;jrifuGif;udk


jywif;rS wpfqifh jrifvkduf&onf/
]ol harG;ae hvJ usKyfrod/ &ufvnf; rodawmh uræÜnf;xdk;wJhtcg ol 'Da&mufvmwJh ae heJ h qHk;oGm;wJh ae hudkyJ
xnfh&awmhwmaygh}
oleSifh rsdK;xGef;onf 1mk&m;apwDodk hoGm;jyD; yv’ifawmfudk oGm;junfhonf/ we*FaEGeH 1mk&m;rSm jzpfonf/ yv’ifu
awmfawmfjuD;ygonf/

armifat;ndK
(28-7-74 wGif a&mufí
12-9-75wGif uG,fvGef)

123
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

olwdk h\tjyefc&D;wGif t1mdk;juD;ay;vdkufaom trSwfw&ypönf;eSpfck ygvmcJh\/


1mGm;rSeftwGufu OD;at;ndK raorDwGif xkcJhaom yGwfvHk;opfom;acgif;tHk;wef;av; wpfck/
ararhtwGufuawmh Zmem;wyf rdef;uav;0wf tusF Djunfjyma&mifav; wpfxnf jzpfavonf/

***

124
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

(35)

vGefcJhonfh eSpfaygif;rsm;pGmu rdk;oJoJ a&a1mmif1mifwGif ykef;vSdsK;uG,fvSsdK; wdwfwdwfav; xGufajy;cJh&onfh c&D;udk


rdcif owd&aervm;ymk olpOf;pm;rdonf/ tckawmh rdrdwdk htjyefrSm vdkufygydk haqmifonfh aqGrsdK;rsm; rdwfaqGrsm;jzifh
jrdKifqdkifaeawmhonf/
urf;pyfrSm&yfaeonfh vltkyfpkudk rif;OmPf"gwfyHk&dkufawmh rif;OmPfuefawmhxm;aom em;uyfopfav;jzifh 1mGm;rSef
\rsufeSmrSm awmufycef hnm;aeonf/
1mGm;rSeftwGuf rdrdrSmygonfh aiGxJu wpf0ufudk ol hom;twGuf aumif;rSKukodkvf wpfckck xnfh0ifedkif&ef
vSLcJhonf/ aiGtwdkif;ay;vSsif t1mGm;juD; 0rf;enf;tm;i,frSm pdk;ojzifh w&m;emzdk hymk c&D;aqmif "gwfjym;zGifhpuf
tao;av;udk vufaqmifay;&if; aiGygxnfhay;vdkufonf/
&dk;om;vSaom t1mGm;juD;u twif;jiif;qefaecJh\/
rif;OmPfu ararhudk,fpm; t1mGm;udk vufaqmifay;wmygymk &Sif;jyvdkufonf/

araronf t1mGm;om;udkat;ndKajumifh a1m;roD&efrc jrpful;edkifcJhonf/ ararom vSdKif;wHydk;xefonfh jrpfjyifrSm


toufaysmufcJh&vSsif rif;OmPfqkdaom om;vnf; vl h 1m0xJodk ha&mufvmcGifh&awmhrSm rymkwf/

]t1mGm; tJ'Dao;ao;jym;jym;av;ayrJh txifrao;eJ hAs/ tJ'DxJrSm trfyDo&D;pepfeJ h em;axmifwJhymm ygw,f/


oDcsif; tyk'fwpf&mausmfawmif qef hwmAs}

vli,frdk hacwfodyfaemufrusaom ol hajr;rsdK;xGef;u tm;&yg;&ajymonf/

]aym 1mmawGvJymJh igh tJ'g 1m,fvdkvkyf&rSmvJ}

t1mGm;rSefu "gwfjym;zGifhpuftjym;av;udk vSnhfywfjunfh&if; 1mmrSrodaomfvnf; yDwjzmaecJh\/


reSif;rSKefonf avSay:wGif rdcifeSifhtwl xdkif&if; oJaomifajrukef;jyifudk vSrf;junfh eSKwfqufvdkufonf/
aemufwpfjudrfa&mufcJhvSsifvnf; &Gmonf ,ckxuf ydkjyD; xl;jcm;ajymif;vJrSm rymkwf/ &Gm\ajrjoZmeSifh 0rf;a&;
tymm&udk {&m0wDjrpfu ay;pGrf;aecJhonfrSm rSef\/ odk haomf &Gm\cJs hxGifwdk;wufrSKudkvnf; {&m0wDjrpfuyJ
uef howfxm;avovm; rodyg/

&Gmtpk\wpfckwnf;aom tv,fwef;ausmif;av;wGif wGJvsuf wnfaqmuf&ef pmjunfhwdkufaqmifav;wpfck


twGuf rwnfaiGudk om;u &GmOD;1mkef;juD;ausmif;rSm vSLay;cJhonf/ xkdpmjunfhaqmifav;zGifhvSpfonfhtcg
csdwfxm;&efymk rif;OmPfu tarhtm; &GmaemufcHjzifh "gwfyHk&dkuf,lcJhonf/

]arar 1m,fae&mrSm &dkufcsifvJ/ ararhtwGuf 'D&GmrSm 1m,fae&mu owådawG cGeftm;awG ay;vdkufovJ arar
odvm;}

]tdk 1m,fodyghrvJ}
om;ar;cGef;awGu wpfcgwpfcg tajz& awmfawmfjuyfygvm;/

125
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

]'gjzifhvJ {&m0wDaemufcHeJ h&kdufr,f}

]at;}
rdciftm; jrpfurf;yg;tpGef;rSm &yfapjyD; {&m0wDjrpfaemufcHjzifh "gwfyHk&dkufcJhonf/

]jrpfjyifu pD;qif;aewJh a&awGu ararhudk wpfae&muae aemufwpfae&mqD c&D;qufzdk h ay;cJhwJh cGeftm;awG


jzpfcsifjzpfrSmaygh aemfarar}

rdcifu jyHK;vsufom &Sdonf/

eHeufcif;aejcnfatmufrSm {&m0wDjrpfonf jidrf;csrf;vsuf/ avSqdyfu olwdk hvmcJhpOfu ae&mrymkwfawmh1mJ


cyfvSrf;vSrf;odk ha&T hoGm;cJhjyDrdk hoJaomifjyifay:rSm c&D;wdkwdk vrf;avSsmufju&onf/ rif;OmPfu ta0;rSm
usef&pfcJhaom &Gmudk "gwfyHkawG wzswfzswf &dkufvdk htm;r&edkifatmif &Sdawmhonf/
a&jyifrSm wmwkwfonfhtaejzifh pdkufxm;aom opfukdif;twef;vdkufudk "gwfyHk&dkufvdkufawmh opfudkif;ajcmuf
tzsm;rSm em;cdkaeaom iSufav;wpfaumifudk owdxm;rdonf/

]iSufwpfaumifwnf; awG h&&if 0rf;enf;&wwfw,f}

a0vGif rjumcPajymzl;onfh pum;oH/

a0vGif/

ol ha1m;em;rSm a0vGif r&Sdedkifawmhonfh jrdK hjuD;udk oljyef&awmhrnf/ 'D&GmrSm a&mufaeonfh oHk;&uftwGif; ol h


a1m;rSm a0vGifr&Sdjcif;twGuf ol hudk,fol vSnfhpm;xm; vdk h&edkifao;ayrJh &efukefrSmawmh ol htem;rSm a0vGifr&Sdawmh
onfh tjzpfudk 1mmeSifhrS vSnfhpm;vdk h&awmhrSm rymkwf/

ol hrdk;aumif;uifatmufrS a0vGif xGufcGmoGm;atmif oludk,fwdkifyJ eSifxkwfcJhjyD;jyD/

rae hu awmifwGif;juD;rStjyef rauG;jrdK hrSm tifwmeuf toHk;jyKedkifonfhae&m 0if&Smawmh awG honf/ &Hk;eSifhuif;uGm
ae onfh oHk;av;&ufwGif olyxrqHk;tjudrf tD;ar;vfpmrsm;udk zGifhzwf&onf/ pmaygif;ig;q,fausmfonf/
olcGifh,lxm;rSef;od&ufeSifh ol ha1mmhpfu ol hudk vSrf;xnfhxm;aom pmawGvnf; ygonf/ oloGm;rnfhae&monf
tifwmeuf rqdkxm;eSifh w,fvDzkef;awmif qufoG,fvdk hr&onfh ao;ao;rTm;rTm;&Gmuav; wpfckymk olrajymcJhay/
pmawGxJwGif ol hudk &ifeifhoGm;aponfuawmh wpfapmifwnf;aom a0vGifhpm/

eifhudk igrkef;w,f/ trSefwu,f rkef;wm/


igeJ hywfowforSst&m&mu eifeJ hywfowforSs t&m&mudk rkef;w,f/
ighvufaumuf0wfvSKyf&Sm;rSKu eifhudk rkef;w,f/
cJwHudk igudkifaewJhyHkpHu eifhudk rkef;w,f/
igh&J htao;rTm;qHk; t&kdav;awGu xGufvmwJhtoHu eifhudk rkef;w,f/
ol hqHjcnfrSsif aoG;jyGefav;awGxJrSmol oDcsif;qdkaewJh aoG;Oav;wdkif;u eifhudk rkef;w,f/

126
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

aymm'D aomhwGJav;&J h&mZ0ifu eifhudk rkef;w,f/


ydwfxm;wJh jywif;wpfckymm ydwfxm;wJhjywif;wpfckvnf; jzpfovdk igeifhudk 1m,favmufrkef;w,fqdkwJh oauFw
vnf; jzpfw,f/
ig&J h]r*Fvmyg} vdk heSKwfqufwJhtoH-trkef;
eifodvm; igtdyfcsifrl;wl;jzpfaewJhtcg eifhvufarmif;atmufrSm ighacgif;udk 1m,fvdkrSDvdkufvJ- trkef;
reufuae ntxd eSvHk;om;udk odrf;qnf;xm;wJhigh&ifnGef hu eifhudk rkef;w,f/
igeifhudk qJvfwpfckcsif; cGJpdwfjzwfawmufjunfhaew,f/ wpfckcsif;udk wpfckpD igrkef;ekdifatmifvdk h/
(*sLvD&SDymef)
a0vGif
a0vGif\xdef;csKyfxm;vsufu jydKusvdrfhqif;vmrnfh rsuf&nfwdk hudk oljrifa,mifvdkufonf/
a0vGifhqD ol pmjyefa&;vdkuf\/

cspfaoma0vGif

cgvd*sD1m&efu ajymcJhzl;w,f/ emusifrSKawmfawmfrsm;rsm;ymm wdk hawG udk,fwdkif a&G;cs,f,lcJhwm jzpfw,f wJh/


wkd hvlom;awG&J hpdwf0dnmOfqdkwmu rjumcPqkdovdk ppfwvif;wpfck jzpfjzpfaewwfw,f/ udk,fwdk h&J h tvdk&r®uf
awG? rGwfodyfrSKawGudk qifjcifwHkw&m;awG pD&ifcsufawGeJ hckcHwdkufcdkufae&wJh ppfajrjyifaygh/
qifjcifwHkw&m;eJ htvdk&r®ufymm pdwf0dnmOfyifv,fjyifc&D;rSm wufreJ h&Gufyrm wlw,f/
wufeJ h&Guf wpfckckysuf&if udk,fwdk hvGifhpifarsmygoGm;rSmyJ/
qifjcifwHkw&m;wpfckwnf;eJ hqdk&if 'gymm twif;"r® tusOf;us cHae&ovkdyJ/ tvdk&r®ufeJ hcsnf;qdk&ifvJ udk,fhudk,f
udk zsufqD;ypfr,fh rD;awmifrD;vSsHyJ/ 'DeSpfckudk ymefcsufnDatmif xdef;wwfzdk hjudk;pm;ju&rSmygyJ/
a0vGifr&SdawmhwJh wdk h&JurÇmu i&JwpfckygyJ/ tJ'Di&Judk udk,fwdkif zefqif;,lcJh&wmyg/

arwåmjzifh
rif;OmPf

a0vGifeSifheD;jyD; ta0;juD;a0;&aom ae&mqDodk hjyef&awmhrnf/ ararhtwGuf olvkyfay;csiforSs t&m&mjzifh jyD;jynfhpHk


oGm;jyDjzpfaom &Gmuav;udk ol aemufqHk; eSKwfqufcJhonf/

127
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

urf;pyfrS avScGmvmcJhonfhtcsdefwGif rif;OmPfonf ao;ao;rTm;rTm;&Gmav;tm; aemufqHk;wpfcsuf "gwfyHk&dkufvdkuf


onf/ 'D&Gmao;ao;rSm arG;zGm;cJhonfh araru rdrdudk vlwpfvHk;olwpfvHk; jzpfatmif arG;zGm;jyKpkzdk htiftm;udk
1m,fuae&cJhygvdrhf/ rif;OmPfua&m udk,fhudk,fudk 1m,fvdk&SmawG hoGm;cJhovJ/
xdktcsdefrSm uifr&m\ta0;junfhrSef1mDvl; jrifuGif;rSm rsufeSmwpfck0ifvmonf/
xkdrsufeSmonf rif;OmPfqDodk hwnfhwnfhjunfhaecJhonf/ aqG;ajrhemusifrSK? &Suf&GH h odrfi,frSK? vufavSsmht&SHK;ay;rSK
wdk hjzifh a1mmifcwfxm;onfh ydefydefcsHK;csHK; rsufeSm/
rif;OmPf\ eSvHk;om;qDwGif wpfcsufrsufceJ emusifoGm;onf/
ol hrsufpdatmufrSm jrifae&aom vlonf &SKyfaxG;aysmufqHk;oGm;cJhaom 1m0wpfck\ jy,k*fjzpfonf/ 'Dvlymm
rdrdudk,fudk xdef;csKyfedkifpGrf;uif;rJhrSKrSm 1m0udk aysmufqHk;cJh&wm jzpfvdrhfrnf/
avSu urf;pyfrS 0g;wpf&kdufavmuf vGefvmcJhjyD/ xdktcsdefrSm rif;OmPf ararhudk wpfcsuf vSnfhjunfhvdkufonf/
]arar arar ,lvmwJht,fvf1mrfa&m}
]ygygw,f om;&J h/ ararhtdwf tjyif1muf ZpfxJrSm]
oltdwfudk zGifhjyD; "gwfyHkxnfhonfh t,fvf1mrfudk xkwf,lvdkufonf/
rdrdedkifiHjcm;c&D;wdk hwGif tpnf;ta0;cef;rrsm;? pmoifpifjrifhrsm;wGif aymmajymaepOf &kdufcJhaom "gwfyHkrsm; yg0ifonfh
t,fvf1mrfudk a&G;,lvdkufonf/ xkd haemuf t,fvf1mrf\rsufeSmzHk;ay:wGif pmajumif;wpfckudk cyfoGufoGuf
a&;jcpfvdkufonf/

]nDav; cPav; urf;udk jyefuyfay;ygvm;/ igarhoGm;wm wpfck&Sdvdk h}


avSorm;av;udk ta&;wjuD;ajymawmh vli,fu ]&ygw,f tpfukd} ymk avSukd jyefvSnfhay;onf/
]aymm om; 1mmarhusefcJhjyefjyDvJ}
ararhudk jyHK;omjyvdkuf\/ pdwfxJuawmh usdK;yJhajurGoGm;wJh 1m0wpfckudk owd&rdoGm;vdk hymk a&&Gwfrdonf/
urf;ay:rSmu tkyfpku jyefvSnfhxGufaejyD/ jyefvSnfhxGufolrsm;\aemufem;rS acgif;idkufpdkufjzifh wpfa,mufwnf;
avSsmufoGm;aeaomvl/
avSuyfonfhtcg ola&xJodk h0kef;ceJ ckefqif;ajy;vdkufonf/ pdkufcif;awGqDodk ha&mufaejyDjzpfaom vlpku
a&oHajumifh vSnfhjunfhonf/
ol OD;pHvSqD avSsmufoGm;vdkufonf/
tHhjoaeaom OD;pHvSvufxJodk hygvmaom t,fvf1mrfudk ay;cJhjyD; csufcsif;yif jyefajy;xGufvmcJhonf/
avSay:odk huref;uwef; wufjyD; &jyD ymk olajymvdkufonf/ ararh rsufvHk;awG jyL;us,f0dkif;pufae\/
]om; 1mmvkyfwmvJ]
]1mmrS rvkyfyg1ml;]

128
*sL; Mu,faMuGwdk h&J htawmifyH

urf;ay:rSm usefcJholonf rarSsmfvifh1mJ vufxJodk ha&mufvmaom "gwfyHkpmtkyfav;udk zGifhjunfhvdkuf\/


xkd haemuf tHhjopGmyif xGufcGmpjyKaom avSqDdodk hvSrf;junfhvdkufonf/
avSonf wa&G ha&G ha0;uGmoGm;jyD/ avSay:rSvltm;vHk;onf &Gm1mufodk hvSnfhjunfhae juonf/
ol hvufxJrS t,fvf1mrfudk aemufwpfjudrfjunfhrdonfhtcg pmtkyftzHk;wGif pmajumif;wpfajumif;udk jrifrdonf/
]taz*kPf,lzdk h om;wpfa,muf&J hc&D;rsm;} ymlonfh cyfaomhaomh rifteuf vufa&;rsm;/
ol hrsufvHk;awG pdkpGwf&Da0vm\/

aemufwpfjudrf vSrf;junfhonfhtcg a&G hvsm;aeaom avS\jrifuGif;onf a00g;aeavonf/

*sL;
3 ? jo*kwf? 2006
(jyifOD;vGif)

129

You might also like