No Load Test
No Load Test
No Load Test
The power required for these Open Circuit test and Short
Circuit test on transformer is equal to the power loss occurring
in the transformer.
A voltmeter, wattmeter, and an ammeter are connected in LV side of
the transformer as shown in the figure below.
The voltage at rated frequency is applied to that LV side with the help
of a variac of variable ratio auto transformer.
The HV side of the transformer is kept open. Now with help of variac
applied voltage is slowly increase until the voltmeter gives reading
equal to the rated voltage of the LV side.
After reaching at rated LV side voltage, all three instruments reading
(Voltmeter, Ammeter and Wattmeter readings) are recorded.
The ammeter reading gives the no load current Ie.
As no load current Ie is quite small compared to rated current of the
transformer, the voltage drops due to this electric current then can
be taken as negligible.
Since, voltmeter reading V can be considered equal to secondary
induced voltage of the transformer. The input power during test is
indicated by watt-meter reading.
As the transformer is open circuited, there is no output hence the
input power here consists of core losses in transformer and copper
loss in transformer during no load condition.
The no load current in the transformer is quite small compared to
full load current so copper loss due to the small no load current can
be neglected.
Hence the wattmeter reading can be taken as equal to core losses in
transformer.
Let us consider wattmeter reading is Po.
These values are referred to the LV side of transformer as
because the test is conduced on LV side of transformer.
These values could easily be referred to HV side by
multiplying these values with square of transformation ratio.
Therefore it is seen that the open circuit test on transformer
is used to determine core losses in transformer and
parameters of shunt branch of the equivalent circuit of
transformer.
Open circuit Power Factor
Poc
PF = cos θ =
Voc I oc
Poc
−1
θ = cos
Voc I oc
A voltmeter, wattmeter, and an ammeter are connected in HV
side of the transformer as shown in figure.
Psc
PF = cos θ =
Vsc I sc
Angle Power Factor
Psc
−1
θ = cos
Vsc I sc
the open circuit test on transformer is used to determine
core losses in transformer and parameters of shunt branch of
the equivalent circuit of transformer.